JOHN    A.  ROCHE, 

Mayor  of  Chicago. 


HiSTOHY 


The  Chicago  Police 


FEOM  THE  SETTLEMENT  OF  THE  COMMUNITY 
TO  THE  PRESENT  TIME, 


UNDER   AUTHORITY  OK 


THE  MAYOR  AND  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  THE  FORCE. 


BY  joh:n   J.   rLi:N^]sr, 


ASSISTED  BY  JOHN  E.  WILKIE. 


To  Benefit  the  Policemen's  Benevolent  Association. 


ILLUSTRATED. 


CHICAGO: 
UNDER  THE  AUSPICES  01"  THE  POLICE  BOOK  FUND. 

1887. 


COPYRIGHT,    1887, 


CHICAGO   POLICE   BOOK   FUND. 


MANUFACTURED   BY 

W.  B.  CONKEY,  CHICAGO. 


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INTRODUCTION. 


Let  me  say  at  the  outset  that  the  preparation  of  this 
work  was  undertaken  with  a  very  evenly-balanced  mix- 
ture of  diffidence  and  confidence.  Had  the  great  fire  of 
October,  1871,  resulted  only  in  the  destruction  of  buildings, 
we  would  look,  almost  in  vain;  for  traces  of  it  to-day.  The 
black  and  desolate  track  which  marked  the  wake  of  that 
calamitous  and  awful  conflagration  is  hidden  beneath  a  New 
Chicago;  the  memory  of  our  people  is  becoming  dimmed 
and  confused  regarding  its  course  and  boundary,  and  the 
marvelous,  almost  miraculous  recovery  of  the  city  from  this 
terrible  blow  has  reconciled  our  citizens  to  the  event,  dread- 
ful as  it  was,  and  heart-rending  as  were  the  incidents  which 
surrounded  it.  The  buildings  destroyed  have  been  replaced 
by  others  more  substantial,  more  beautiful.  The  fortunes 
lost  have  been  recovered  in  so  many  cases  that  the  excep- 
tions are  not  remarked.  The  conglomerate  mass  of  melted 
iron,  shattered  granite,  pulverized  brick,  powdered  glass 
and  smouldering  merchandise,  which  covered  like  a  hideous 
pall  the  once  beautiful  district,  on  the  memorable  morning 
of  Oct.  10,  in  the  hands  of  Providence  fertilized  the  soil, 
and  prepared  it  for  the  golden  harvests  which  were  to  fol- 
low. But  the  fire  destroyed  many  things  which  can  never 
be  replaced,  among  them  the  official  records  of  the  city  and 
county — an  irreparable  loss  in  many  respects,  a  loss  that 
will  be  felt  more  and  more  as  the  years  roll  by,  and  that 
will  be  regretted  most,  perhaps,  by  those  who,  like  myself, 


VI  INTRODUCTION. 

undertake  to  write  any  portion  of  the  history  of  this  re- 
markable city.  For  with  the  loss  of  these  records  the  very 
basis  upon  which  history  should  properly  stand — the  writ- 
ten archives  of  the  past — was  swept  away. 

Knowledge  of  this  fact  made  me  diffident,  inspired  me 
with  dread  lest  my  ability  and  energy,  such  as  they  are, 
should  prove  unequal  to  the  task  of  penetrating  successfully 
through  and  beyond  the  smoke  and  confusion  of  those  Oc- 
tober days.  Whatever  facts  could  be  obtained  must  be  gath- 
ered from  the  remembrances  of  old  citizens,  from  various 
early  historical  sketches,  from  documents  and  prints  in  pos- 
session of  the  Historical  Society,  from  the  ante-fire  direc- 
tories and  newspaper  files,  from  reminiscences  contributed 
to  the  press  since  1871,  and  from  miscellaneous  contribu- 
tions to  local  history,  in  manuscript  and  print,  widely  scat- 
tered through  the  homes,  book  stalls  and  libraries  of  the 
city  and  State. 

The  confidence  I  felt  was  inspired  by  the  hearty  expres- 
sion of  good  will,  the  kind  assistance  volunteered,  the  valu- 
able information  cheerfully  given  on  all  sides.  It  was  my 
aim — how  well  carried  out  the  reader  must  judge — to  make 
this  history  of  the  Chicago  police  one  that  could  be  relied 
upon  for  all  time  to  come  as  covering  the  period  of  which  it 
treats,  accurately  and  honestly.  To  carry  out  this  intention 
I  have  spared  no  pains  to  obtain  the  most  reliable  and  full- 
est information.  I  have  exercised  all  the  ingenuity  of 
which  I  am  possessed  in  an  earnest  endeavor  to  arrive  at 
facts. 

Although  this  volume  is  written  with  special  reference 
to  the  part  which  the  police  have  played  in  the  history  of 
Chicago  during  the  past  fifty  years,  it  would  be  neither  pos- 
sible nor  advisable  to  separate  their  work  altogether  from 
that  performed  by  other  departments  of  the  city  government, 
nor  to  isolate  it  from  the  material  and  social  progress  of  the 
city,  which  they  have  to  so  large  an  extent  contributed  in 
strengthening.     A  history  of  our  police  must,  if  it  be  a  triie 


INTRODUCTION.  Vll 

one,  deal  with  every  interest  that  is  dependent  for  existence 
upon  peace  and  good  order — and  what  human  interest  isn't 
dependent  upon  those  two  conditions  ? 

In  the  preparation  of  this  volume  I  have  had  the  assist- 
ance of  Mr.  John  E.  Wilkie,  of  the  Chicago  Trihime,  whose 
contributions  have  added  greatly  to  its  worth.  The  detec- 
tive and  patrol  services  have  been  placed  under  his  especial 
charge,  as  his  ability  to  handle  these  branches  of  the  sub- 
ject was  not  only  recognized  by  myself  but  by  the  heads  of 
the  police  department. 

Every  means  of  obtaining  reliable  and  official  informa- 
tion, when  necessary,  have  been  placed  in  the  hands  of  Mr. 
Wilkie  and  myself  by  the  Superintendent  of  Police  and  his 
officers  and  men.  The  Historical  Society  has  afforded 
much  valuable  information,  through  the  courtesy  of  its  sec- 
retary, Mr.  Hager;  Librarian  Poole,  of  the  Public  Library, 
has  kindly  opened  the  way  for  the  examination  of  such  au- 
thorities as  that  institution  possesses ;  the  scrap  books  of 
private  individuals;  such  written  history  as  exists — every- 
thing within  reach  that  could  throw  a  light  upon  the  history 
of  the  Chicago  police  force  have  been  carefully  collected  and 
examined,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  compilation  herewith 
presented  to  the  public  may  be  thought  worthy  of  the  sub- 
ject with  which  the  volume  deals. 

I  have  just  laid  down  a  weather-beaten,  moth-eaten,  curi- 
ous old  volume  written  by  one  Joseph  Pembroke,  "  A  Gen- 
tleman Traveller,"  and  printed  in  London  in  1778.  It  tells 
of  the  writer's  experiences  in  London  and  the  continental 
cities,  and  three  or  four  of  its  chapters  are  devoted  to  what 
might  be  called  an  inquiry  into  the  police  organizations  of 
the  great  centers  of  population  in  Europe — if  such  a  thing 
as  police  organization,  as  we  understand  the  term,  then  ex- 
isted. 

Macaulay  and  other  English  historians,  De  Quincy. 
Dickens  and  other  English  writers,  have  pictured  London 
to  us    as   it  was  during  the    last  and  previous  centuries, 


Till  INTRODUCTION. 

What  Pembroke  tells  us  is  not  only  confirmatory  of  the 
stories  already  familiar  to  most  of  us,  but  gives  us  in  addi- 
tion a  very  clear  and  striking  view  of  daily  occurrences  in 
the  British  capital,  sach  as  would  find  their  way  these  days, 
under  the  head  of  police  news,  into  the  newspapers. 

It  is  only  at  very  rare  intervals  now  that  the  crime  of 
garroting  is  committed  in  any  populous  community.  In  Lon- 
don little  more  than  a  hundred  years  ago  it  was  a  crime  of 
nightly  occurrence.  Highway  robbery  within  the  shadow 
of  St.  Paul's  was  no  uncommon  act  of  daring,  even  though 
the  punishment  was  fixed  at  death,  with  or  without  some 
species  of  refined  torture.  Ladies  and  gentlemen  returning 
from  the  theater,  or  a  private  gathering  had  their  "  chairs  " 
or  carriages  stopped,  pistols  pointed  at  their  heads,  and  were 
compelled  to  deliver  their  money  to  some  city  Dick  Turpin. 
Members  of  the  British  parliament  going  home  after  a  late 
sitting,  were  met  by  highwaymen  and  compelled  to  hand 
over  their  purses  without  delay.  Members  of  the  nobility, 
and  even  princes  of  the  blood  royal,  were  frequently  ac- 
costed by  armed  robbers  in  their  gardens  or  on  the  public 
roads,  and  subjected  to  the  same  painful  and  expensive  hu- 
miliation. 

It  was  all  a  man's  life  was  worth  to  venture  out  after 
dark.  In  some  sections  of  the  city,  and  close  to  the  very  center 
of  business  activity,  people  were  murdered  for  their  money 
in  broad  daylight;  after  nightfall  the  cry  of  "Robbers! — 
help!"  was  heard  on  all  sides,  and  received  but  little  atten- 
tion. 

People  of  means  were  usually  accompanied  by  an  armed 
guard  consisting  of  from  one  to  half  a  dozen  men.  Fre- 
quently the  robbers  overpowered  the  guard,  took  the  master 
as  a  hostage,  and  refused  to  give  him  up  until  his  relatives 
or  friends  paid  the  price  of  his  liberty. 

House  breaking  became  a  regular  branch  of  trade.  It 
was  the  constant  aim  of  people  of  wealth  to  hide  all  knowl- 
edge of  their  means  from  their  neighbors,  for  should  it  be- 


INTRODUCTION.  IX 

come  known  that  they  possessed  either  money  or  valuables, 
a  visit  from  burglars  inevitably  followetl.  And  these  house 
breakers  were  always  ready  to  shed  blood  if  their  mission 
proved  or  threatened  to  prove  disappointing.  Like  the 
highwayman  their  challenge  "  Your  money  or  your  life!" 
meant  just  exactly  what  it  said. 

Thousands  of  people  did  succeed,  of  course,  in  deceiving 
others  regarding  their  means,  and  thousands  of  people 
aA'oided  the  garroter  and  the  highway  man  by  keeping  out 
of  their  way,  or  by  chance  or  good  luck,  but  highway  rob- 
bery and  burglary  were  not  the  worst  features  of  life  in 
London  under  the  condition  of  thinsfs  then  existinsr.  Women 
and  young  girls  were  abducted  on  the  streets,  oftentimes  by 
the  debauched  young  aristocrats,  who  rode  or  walked  rough 
shod  over  all  the  rights  of  the  common  people.  Assaults  of 
the  most  abominable,  the  most  atrocious  character,  were 
of  every  day  occurrence.  Sometimes,  when  the  family  of 
the  woman  or  girl,  who  had  been  thus  shamefully  and  brut- 
ally treated,  was  one  of  more  than  ordinary  consequence, 
public  indignation  would  assume  the  form  and  substance  of 
a  mob,  and  the  mob  would  change  its  character  three  or 
four  times  before  the  military  had  succeeded  in  scattering 
it.  It  had  its  origin  in  the  claim  of  some  respected  citizens 
who  felt  that  they  had  been  outraged;  it  attracted  the  idlers 
and  roughs  of  the  city,  it  was  swollen  by  underground  crim- 
inals, pickpockets,  garroters  and  highway  men,  it  was  fin- 
ally, perhaps,  augmented  by  political  malcontents  bent  upon 
revolution — it  usually  ended,  almost  invariably  ended,  in 
doing  a  vast  amount  of  injury  to  the  persons  and  property 
of  innocent  persons,  without  obtaining  any  satisfaction  from, 
or  doing  any  harm  to  the  guilty  ones. 

Riots  were  periodical.  Disturbances  were  almost  per- 
petual. Only  when  the  military  were  in  possession  of  a 
district  could  it  be  said  that  peace  prevailed.  But  the  mili- 
tary while  suppressing  the  criminals,  and  the  rioters  were 
oftentimes  a  greater  affliction  than  a  blessing.     Commanded 


X  INTRODUCTION. 

by  dissolute  officers,  and  composed  of  soldiers  who  had  con- 
tracted all  the  vices  prevalent  in  their  own  and  foreign  lands 
— frequently  hired  mercenaries — they  respected  no  private 
rights,  and  exacted  from  the  unfortunate  people,  conditions 
no  less  revolting  than  those  which  they  denied  the  criminals 
they  had  just  succeeded  in  displacing. 

In  Amsterdam  there  was  even  less  pretense  on  the  part 
of  the  municipal  government  to  protect  the  lives  and  prop- 
erty of  the  people.  London  had  its  "  watchmen,"  often 
brave,  generally  faithful,  but  without  discipline  or  number 
sufficient  to  cope  with  the  criminal  and  lawless  elements  of 
a  great  city.  In  Amsterdam,  for  years  one  of  the  great  com- 
mercial centers  of  Europe,  a  rival  of  London,  Paris  and 
Vienna,  every  man  took  care  of  himself,  and  to  use  an  old 
saying,  the  devil  took  the  hindmost. 

There  garroting,  highway  robbery,  burglary,  and  every 
species  of  crime  known  or  unknown  in  our  days,  were  ram- 
pant. Murders,  assassinations,  assaults  on  the  public  streets 
and  quays  were  every  day  affairs.  The  merchant  on  his 
way  to  the  Bourse  was  armed  with  a  sword  or  pistol.  Over 
the  desk  of  the  banker  was  suspended  a  blunderbus,  not  for 
ornament,  but  for  use  at  a  moment's  notice.  People  wore 
their  money  in  belts  fastened  around  their  waists  next  to 
the  skin,  or  buried  it  in  their  cellars.  The  aristocrats  never 
appeared  on  the  streets  save  accompanied  by  guards.  The 
general  pursuit  of  gain — the  desire  to  acquire  wealth — 
alone  prevented  society  from  falling  to  pieces.  People  mis- 
trusted each  other,  and  it  was  impossible  to  tell  whether  the 
gentleman  who  sat  next  to  one  in  the  theater,  at  the  cofifee 
house  or  in  the  church,  made  his  living  legitimately  or  by 
pointing  the  persuasive  muzzle  of  a  pistol  at  his  fellow  citi- 
zen after  dark. 

In  Madrid,  in  Vienna,  in  Naples,  at  Rome,  the  same  con- 
dition of  things  existed.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  go  into 
details  with  regard  to  life  in  Paris  during  the  eighteenth 
century.     This  city  was  one  of  the  first  in  Europe  to  attempt 


INTRODUCTION.  XI 

police  regulation.  She  got  no  neanir  to  the  desired  end, 
however,  than  the  establishment  of  a  very  crude,  half  mili- 
tary, half  civic  organization,  under  governmental  care, 
known  then  as  now  as  the  gens  d'armes.  That  it  proved  to 
be  inadequate,  insufficient,  incapable,  need  not  be  said.  No 
such  sickening  crimes,  no  such  atrocious  barbarities,  no 
such  inhuman  cruelties  as  stained  the  history  of  France 
during  the  last  century  would  have  been  possible  had  there 
existed  in  Paris  a  police  organization  such  as  we  find  in  most 
of  the  large  cities  of  the  world  to-day — an  organization  that 
would  have  throttled  crime  before  it  developed  into  anarchy. 
In  Paris  for  half  a  century  before  the  revolution  there 
was  little  regard  for  private  rights.  The  city  had  grown  to 
vast  proportions.  The  people  had  gradually  shaken  off  the 
dread  their  fathers  felt  for  the  noblesse.  Feudalism  was 
dying  out,  and  with  it  all  respect  for  authority.  As  in  other 
populous  centers,  only  to  a  greater  degree  in  Paris,  all  the 
old  forces  that  had  held  society  together  were  weakening, 
losing  their  hold  upon  the  masses,  and  none  of  the  new 
forces,  that  came  in  to  take  their  places  later  on,  had  made- 
their  appearance.  Humanity  had  been  held  in  the  iron  grip 
of  tyranny  and  despotism — that  grip  was  relaxing  under  the 
pressure  of  an  ever-expanding  intellectual  growth,  and  when 
at  last  it  was  compelled  to  let  go  altogether,  there  was  noth- 
ing to  hold  in  check  the  passions  or  proclivities  of  a  free 
people.  Paris  was  the  theatre  upon  the  stage  of  which  was 
enacted  the  greater  part  of  the  bloody  tragedy  that  filled  the 
civilized  world  with  horror.  In  the  hands  of  a  soldiery  as 
little  inclined  to  submit  to  discipline  as  the  people  were  to 
submit  to  law,  the  French  capital  during  the  revolutionary 
epoch,  or  from  the  meeting  of  the  States  General  to  the 
triumph  of  the  Convention,  was  a  community  of  lawless, 
desperate,  uncontrollable  people.  There  was  no  civil  power 
capable  of  checking  crime  or  preserving  the  peace,  for  it  was 
not  thought  possible  in  those  days,  nor  for  many  years 
afterward,  that  police  were  better  qualified  to  deal  with  muni- 


XH  INTRODUCTION. 

cipal  disturbances  than  military  organizations,  whether 
regulars  or  militiamen,  regiments  of  the  Grand  Army  or 
battalions  of  the  gens  d'armes. 

But  time  and  experience  have  proved  to  be  wonderful 
instructors  in  this  as  in  every  other  particular.  Louis  Napo- 
leon discovered  for  France  what  Sir  Robert  Peel  discovered 
for  England,  that  a  good  constabulary  had  come  to  be  the 
mainstay  of  peace  and  order  in  every  community.  To-day 
Paris  has  one  of  the  finest  police  organizations  of  any  city 
in  the  world,  and  the  "  Peeler "  organization  which  Sir 
Robert  substituted  for  the  incapables  who  existed  under 
Charles  the  First's  organization  of  1640,  is  the  pride  of  every 
Englishman.  The  German  government,  with  all  the  regard 
it  holds  for  strictly  military  development,  has  planted  in 
every  one  of  its  large  and  populous  cities,  a  police  system 
which  is  the  admiration  of  visitors  from  other  lands,  so  per- 
fect is  it  in  even  the  simplest  details.  Austria,  too,  from 
Vienna  to  Buda  Pesth,  has  her  police  officers,  uniformed 
and  equipped  so  much  like  our  own  that  it  would  be  difficult 
VD  distinguish  a  difference  between  them. 

Ev^ry  progressive  government  on  earth  has  given  close 
attention  to  the  organization  and  discipline  of  police  within 
the  past  twenty-five  years.  As  home  guards  they  have 
proved  to  be  far  more  effective  and  trustworthy  than  sol- 
diers, feeling  their  responsibility  to  their  fellow-citizens 
more  keenly,  and  being  themselves  interested  deeply  in  the 
peace  and  welfare  of  the  communities  to  which  they  are  at- 
tached. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  go  over  to  Europe  in  order  to 
learn  how  deplorable  were  the  conditions  surrounding  life 
in  large  cities  before  the  present  admirable  police  organiza- 
tions were  brought  into  being.  New  York,  Boston,  Balti- 
more, and  some  of  the  younger  cities  of  this  country  suf- 
fered under  the  "watchman"  era  from  the  depredations  of 
thieves,  the  villainies  of  highwaymen,  and  the  riotous  ex- 
cesses of  mobs  proportionately   as  much   as  any  cities  in 


INTRODUCTION.  Xiii 

Europe.  Even  Chicago,  before  our  present  police  system 
went  into  effect,  in  the  days  when  "  constables  "  and  town 
"  marshals  "  held  full  swing,  had  reason  to  feel  that  hu- 
manity needed  at  times  a  stronger  curb.  There  were  timet 
when  mobs  met  mobs,  when  peaceable  citizens  were  com^ 
pelled  to  take  up  arms  to  save  their  lives  and  defend  theii* 
property  even  here.  But  those  days  are  happily  ended* 
There  is  no  longer  any  necessity  for  mob  law  in  Chicago. 
Recent  occurrences  have  demonstrated  that  the  vicious 
classes  cannot  maintain  themselves  outside  of  their  holes. 
To  exist  here  at  all  they  must  keep  quiet. 

For  years  it  was  held  tliat  as  the  policeman's  duty  did 
not  extend  beyond  the  apprehension  of  law  breakers  and 
criminals,  and  the  preservation  of  the  peace,  he  was  a  person 
inferior  in  every  respect  to  the  soldier  who  shouldered  a 
musket  and  went  to  the  war,  or  to  the  militiaman  who 
shouldered  a  musket  without  calculatiuij  that  he  would  ever 
have  to  make  any  other  use  of  it. 

In  New  York  city,  in  the  riots  of  1863  and  1877 ;  in  Balti- 
more during  the  "plug  ugly''  disturbances;  in  St.  Louis  dur- 
ing the  riot  of  1859;  in  Pittsburg  during  the  riot  of  1877 ;  in 
Chicago  during  the  riot  of  1877,  on  the  Black  road  and  at 
the  Haymarket  in  1886 — in  many  cities,  under  many  cir- 
cumstances— the  police  of  the  United  States  have  marched 
with  measured  tread  into  the  very  jaws  of  death  and  proved 
themselves  not  only  to  be  peace  preservers  but  warriors, 
fearless  as  any  soldiers  on  any  field. 

They  have  proved  that  no  danger  appalls  them,  no  ap- 
pearances frighten  them.  Whether  in  a  hand  to  hand 
grapple  in  a  dark  alley,  with  the  knife  of  the  city  thug  glis- 
tening ere  it  makes  its  deadly  plunge,  or  face  to  face  with  a 
mob  bent  on  murder,  or  yet,  shattered  in  limb  by  the  flying 
missiles  from  an  exploded  bomb — wherever  they  are,  under 
whatever  circumstances  we  may  find  them — in  whatever 
peril  we  may  see  them — they  are  still  as  heroic  as  any  sol- 
diers that  ever  faced  ap  enemy,  and  their  heroism  is  all  the 


XIV  INTRODUCTION. 

more  ennobling  for  the  reason  that  their  greatest  deeds  of 
valor  are  not  seen  of  men,  are  not  accomplished  under  the 
inspiration  of  patriotic  cheers,  are  not  destined  to  bring 
down  the  light  of  glory  on  their  heads — are  done  simply  "in 
the  discharge  of  their  duty." 

In  the  preparation  of  this  work  I  have  consulted,  and  I 
cheerfully  acknowledge  the  assistance  of  the  following: 
Judge  Catons's  Address  before  the  Chicago  Historical  Soci- 
ety; Blanchard's  Conquest  of  the  Northwest;  the  Fergus 
Historical  Publications ;  Brown's  History  of  Illinois;  Bross' 
History  of  Chicago;  Colbert's  History  of  Chicago;  Col- 
bert and  Chamberlain's  Great  Confiagration;  Sheahan  and 
Upton's  Chicago — Its  Past,  Present  and  Future;  M.  L. 
Ahern's  Political  History  of  Cliicago;  Paul  Hull's  The 
CJiicago  Piot;  the  files  of  the  daily  papers ;  pamphlets  and 
other  material  in  possession  of  the  Chicago  Historical  So- 
ciety, and  I  have  endeavored  to  give  credit  wherever  it 
belonged. 

JOHN  J.  FLINN. 

South  Evanston,  November,  1887. 


f-  '-: 


/^ 


CONTENTS  OF  THIS  BOOK. 


Page 
Chaptek  I.— From  the  Discovery  of  the  Chicago  Portage  by  Mar- 
quette and  Joliet  to  the  Arrival  of  John  Kinzie— A  Description 
of  Chicago  Before  Chicago  Existed— The  Foresight  of  the  First 
Explorers— Building  the  Fort— The  Indians'  First  Sight  of  a 
Schooner— Chicago's  First  Police  Force— The  Eomance  of  the 
McKenzie  Girls— Kinzie' s  Remarkable  Career— The  Process 
of  Evolution -.. 1 

Chapter  II.— The  Events  Leading  up  to  and  Culminating  in  the 
Massacre  of  Ft.  Dearborn — England's  Treatment  of  the  Young 
Eepublic— The  Anglo-French  War— Embargos  on  Commerce 
and  Non-interference— The  War  of  1812— Tecumseh  and  the 
Pottawatomies— The  Raid  of  the  Winnebagos— Evacuation  of 
the  Fort — The  Massacre — Early  Heroism . 18 

Chapter  III.— From  1829  to  1837— The  Last  Attempt  of  the  Indians 
to  Drive  the  White  Invaders  Back— Chicago  Surveyed  and 
Platted  as  a  Village— The  Village  Government— Town  Organ- 
ization Under  a  Board  of  Trustees — Town  and  Police  Consta- 
bles-One of  the  First  Recorded  Police  Cases— Primitive  Method 
of  Dealing  with  a  Thief— Incorporation  of  the  City— The  First 
ffigh  Constable 40 

Chapter  IV.— From  1837  to  1854— The  New  Charter  and  its  Provis- 
ions for  a  Police  Service — Rather  a  Weak  Force  -A  Satire  on 
the  Constabulary — Samuel  J.  Lowe  and  M.  Huntoon — The  Days 
of  Oscar  Smith,  Phillip  Dean,  Ambrose  Burnham,  Luther  Nich- 
ols and  Darius  Knights — Crime  in  the  Young  City — The  Mob- 
bing of  Stephen  A.  Douglas 53 

Chapter  V. — From  1854  to  1858— The  Police  Service  Grows  in  Im- 
portance— Decline  and  Fail  of  Know-Nothingism — The  Cele- 
brated "  Lager  Beer  "  Riot— Race  and  Religious  Prejudice — De- 
struction of  "  The  Sands  " — An  Anti-Slavery  Mob — Hard  Times 
in  the  Young  City — Sufferings  of  the  Poor  and  Frightful  In- 
crease of  Crime— The  Administrations  of  Mayors  Boone,  Dyer 
and  Wentworth  Reviewed _ 70 


XVI  CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Chapt'jr  VI.— From  1858  to  1866— The  Days  of  Leather  Badges- 
Mayor  Haines  Introduces  Uniforms — Jacob  Rehm,  Iver  Law- 
son — Salaries  of  Police  Officers — A  Full  Roster  of  the  Force  in 
1859— Wentworth's  Second  Term  and  its  Eccentricities — Estab- 
lishment of  the  Board  of  Police — The  Entire  Force  Discharj^red — 
Bradley  and  Nelson — Familiar  Names  Appearing — The  War 
Epoch  Reviewed _ 88 

Chapter  VII.— From  1866  to  the  Close  of  1871— The  Growth  of  the 
Service  under  the  Boards  of  Police — Divided  Duties  and  Their 
Results — William  Turtle,  Jacob  Rehm  and  W.  W.  Kennedy  as 
Superintendents  of  the  Force — New  Sub-Stations  Established — 
Wicked  Chicago  Before  the  Fire — The  Police  During  the  Great 
Conflagration — Heroic  and  Unselfish  Conduct — Lieut.-General 
Phil  Sheridan  in  Charge — Citizen  Patrol  Parties — End  of  the 
Military  Occupation  and  Election  of  Joseph  Medill 110 

Chapter  VIIL— From  1871  to  1877— The  Rise  of  Chicago  From  Her 
Ashes — Joseph  Medill's  Prophecy — His  Administration— Where 
He  Made  a  Mistake— The  Fanatical  Party  Exposes  its  Head 
Again  and  it  is  Again  Crushed — Troiable  in  the  Police  Board — 
Washburn's  Unfitness  for  the  Superintendency — Colvin's  Elec- 
tion—Jacob Rehm— M.  C.  Hickey — A  Black  Horizon 132 

Chapter  IX.— The  Year  1877— Outbreak  of  the  Great  Railroad 
Strike  in  the  East — The  Condition  of  Affairs  in  Chicago  at  the 
Time  —  Hard  Times  for  Mechanics  and  Laborers — Was  the 
Fire  a  Blessing  or  a  Curse? — The  Decline  of  Wages  and  Degen- 
eracy of  the  Working  Classes — Why  the  City  was  Ripe  for  a 
Riot — The  Outbreak  in  Chicago — Mistakes  of  the  Authorities — 
Breaking  up  Mass  Meetings — The  Randolph  Street  Affair — 
Trouble  a':  McCormick's — Lieut.  Callahan's  Gallant  CJonduct  at 
the  Round  House 153 

Chapter  X.— The  Year  1877— Progress  and  Finish  of  the  Riot— The 
Numerous  Conflicts  on  the  Halsted  Street  Viaduct— A  Warlike 
Display — The  Military,  Volunteers  and  Police — Bloody  Work 
Between  Twelfth  Street  and  Archer  Avenue — Dixon  at  the  Front — 
A  Heroic  Boy — The  Turner  Hall  Episode — A  Speedy  Restora- 
tion of  Peace — The  Military  Regime  in  the  Department 177 

Chapter  XL— Effect  of  the  Riot  of  '77  on  Popular  Opinion  Regard- 
ing the  Police  Force — Trying  to  get  an  Increase — Superintendent 
Seavey's  Brief  Career  and  Untimely  Death — Simon  O'Donnell  as 
Chief  What  He  is  Credited  With— McGarigle  Takes  Hold— His 
Management  and  Unfortunate  Mistake— Austin  J.  Doyle's  Ad- 
ministration—The  Patrol  Service — Increase  of  the  Force— Fred- 
erick Ebersold  and  John  Bonfield  step  iip  Higher 202 


CONTENTS.  XVll 

Page. 

Chapter  XII. — The  Year  1885 — Communism,  Socialism  and  An- 
archy— The  Board  of  Trade  Demonstration — Seditious  Speeches 
and  a  Dist,'raoeful  Procession— An  Outrajje  on  the  Street— Spread 
of  Communistic  Doctrines  —The  Great  West  Division  Street-Car 
Riots — Boulield's  Famous  March— The  Exciting?  Scenes  and  Inci- 
dents on  Madison  Street — Socialistic  Picnics  and  Processions — 
The  Mottoes  of  the  "  Reds  " — Approaching  the  Dreadful  Culmin- 
ation  223 

Chapter  XIII.— The  Year  1886— The  Great  Eight-hour  Movement— 
The  Influence  of  the  Foreign-bom  in  American  Industrial 
Affairs — Antagonism  of  the  Anarchists  to  the  Proposed  Short- 
hour  System — How  They  Fought  the  Movement — Parsons,  Spies. 
Fielden.  Schwab — Breeding  Discontent — A  Grand  Opportunity 
for  the  Reds — Disgraceful  Scene  on  Fifth  Avenue — The  McCor- 
mick  Riot. - 252 

Chapter  XIV.— The  Fourth  of  May,  1886— From  Morning  Until 
Night— The  Outrages  Committed  by  the  Mobs  in  the  Vicinity  of 
Eighteenth  Street  and  Center  Avenue — Lively  Work  for  the  Po- 
licemen in  the  Anarchist  Section — The  "  Revenge  Circular" — 
Schwab's  Incendiary  Editorial  and  the  Call  for  a  Mass  Meeting — 
Spies'  Side  of  the  Question — The  Hay  market  Gathering— Why 
the  Meeting  Place'was  Changed 279 

Chapter  XV.— The  Fourth  of  May,  1886— How  the  Anarchists 
Planned  to  Entrap  the  Police — The  Narrow  Street  with  Alleyway 
Exits— The  Haymarket  Meeting— Speeches  of  Spies,  Parsons 
and  Fielden-  The  Inflammatory  Remarks  of  the  Latter— "Throt- 
tle the  Law!  Kill  It!  Scab  It!"— Why  Bonfield  Finally  Moved— 
The  Bomb — What  Happened  Afterward 304 

Chapter  XVI. — Frederick  Ebersold — Compared  with  Supt.  Murray, 
of  New  York — His  Early  Struggles  in  the  West— Determined  to 
be  a  Soldier — Record  of  a  Brave  Volunteer  and  a  Gallant  Cap- 
tain— At  Shiloh,  Kenesaw,  Vicksburg,  and  with  Sherman  on  His 
March  to  the  Sea — Return  to  Chicago — First  Years  in  the  Police 
Force — Steady  Promotion — A  Splendid  Record. 324 

Chapter  XVII. — John  Bonfield — An  Advanced  Member  of  the  New 
School  of  Police  Officers — A  Man  who  Never  Shirked  a  Duty — 
The  Use  of  the  Club  during  the  Street-car  Riot — Why  Heads 
were  Damaged — The  Result  Justified  the  Process — Bonfield  in 
Private  and  Police  Life — He  Proved  a  Failure  in  Commercial 
Life — From  Patrolman  to  Inspectorship 338 


I 


Xviii  CONTENTS. 

Page. 
Chapter  XVIII.— The  Year  1887— John  A.  Koche,  Mayor  of  Chica- 
go— The  Political  Revolution  that  brought  about  His  Election — 
A  Man  of  Sleiiiug  Qualities— The  Police  Staff-Officers  — Captain 
Hubbard,  of  tiie  Central  Detail— Captain  Buckley,  of  the  First 
Precinct— Captain  O'Douuell,  of  the  Second  Precinct — Captain 
Lewis,  of  the  Third  Precinct— Captain  Hathaway,  of  the  Fourth 
Precinct— Captain  Schaack,  of  the  Fifth  Precinct 348 

Chapter  XIX.— The  Detective  Force— A  Historical  Review  of  this 
Branch  of  the  Service — Its  Chiefs  from  the  Beginning — Detect- 
ive Work  in  Chicago— Lieutenants  Steele  and  Slayton— Their 
Records — The  Men  who  Comjjose  the  Detective  Force  at  Pres- 
ent— Many  Once  Familiar  Crimes  Recalled — A  Complete  Roster 
of  the  Secret  Service  of  the  City -  36 iJ 

Chapter  XX. — The  Patrol  Service— Peculiar  Origin  of  a  System 
Now  Adopted  by  every  Well-governed  American  City — An  Idea 
put  into  Execution — Opposition  of  Many  of  the  Men — Captain 
Bonfield  Placed  in  Charge — The  Devices  of  a  Young  Newspaper 
Man  Solve  a  Problem — Growth  and  Satisfactory  Working  of  the 
System — Its  Application  to  the  Twelfth  Street  District 397 

Chapter  XXL -The  Patrol  Service— The  Practical  Utility  of  the 
System  Demonstrated  by  the  Celebrated  Bill  Allen  Case — His- 
tory of  that  Sensational  Episode — The  Killing  of  Officer  Clar- 
ence Wright  and  Wounding  of  Officer  Patrick  Mulvihill — The 
Search  for  the  Desperado — His  Final  Capture  and  Death — Re- 
markable Exhibition  of  Public  Feeling — Further  Progress  of  the 
System 408 

Chapter  XXIL— The  Patrol  Service— Character  of  the  Men  Em- 
ployed in  the  Signal  Department — Why  the  Best  Officers  are 
Usually  Selected  for  Wagon  Duty — The  Work  Exacting  in  its 
Nature — Present  Composition  of  the  Force -Some  Splendid 
Records  Made  by  the  Men — Many  Great  Criminal  Cases  in 
which  they  have  Participated _. .-  418 

Chapter  XXIIL— The  Police  Department  in  the  Autumn  of  1887— 
Composition  of  the  Force — Its  Officers — The  Mayor,  the  Super- 
intendent and  Headquarters'  Staff — The  Inspector  and  His 
Assistants— Capt.  Hubbard  and  His  Lieutenants — The  "  Lake 
Street  Squad  " — Roster  of  the  Day  Force — Some  Splendid  Rec- 
ords—Biographical Sketches  of  the  Men 451 

Chapter  XXIV.— The  First  Precinct,  Captain  William  Buckley 
Commanding— The  Old  Armory  and  the  New— The  School  of 
Nearly  all  the  Ablest  and  Oldest  Police  Officers— History  of  the 
Station  in  which  the  Leading  Policemen  of  Chicago  have  been 


CONTENTS.  XIX 

*  Page. 
Developed— Adversities  of  the  Precinct — Burnt  Down,  Rebuilt, 
Moved.  Refitted,  Removed,  but  still  "  The  Armory  "  and  Head- 
quarters in  Chicago's  Police  Geography — The  Roster 478 

Chapter  XXY.— The  Second  Precinct,  Capt.  Simon  O'Donnell 
Comuiandin<,'— The  "Terror  District"  of  other  Days,  now  one  of 
the  Best  Ro^nilated  in  the  City— What  the  Gallant  Pride  of  the 
Old  Lake  Street  Squad  has  done  for  it— Simon  O'Donnell  and 
His  Men— The  Introduction  of  the  Signal  Service  here— A  Cap- 
tain who  has  been  a  Superintendent  and  who  Stepped  Back 
Cheerftilly  to  the  Ranks 502 

Chapter  XXVI.—  The  Third  Precinct,  Captain  Lyman  Lewis  Com- 
manding—One of  the  Old-Time  Precincts  and  the  most  Ancient 
of  our  Stations— From  the  West  Market  Hall  to  the  Present 
Handsome  Edifice  on  Desplaines  Street — Capt.  Lyman  Lewis 
and  his  Gallant  Men— Memories  of  the  Night  of  May  4 — Van 
Pelt's  Handsome  Picture — The  West  Lake  and  West  Madison 
Street  Districts — Biographies  of  Officers  and  Men  in  the  Precinct  525 

Chapter  XXVIL— The  Fourth  Precinct,  Captain  Amos  W.  Hath- 
away Commanding — The  West  Chicago  Avenue,  North  Avenue 
and  Rawson  Street  Districts— Wonderful  Growth  in  Population 
and  Consequent  Increase  in  Police  Area — The  Days  of  Sergeants 
Beadell  and  Briscoe — Captain  Hathaway's  Career — The  Force 
one  of  the  Best  Organized  in  Chicago— Its  Men  and  their 
Records — History  of  the  Stations 541 

Chapter  XXVIII.— The  Fifth  Precinct,  Captain  Michael  John 
Schaack  Commanding — Early  Days  of  Police  Life  on  the  "Nord 
Seite"— The  Old  North  Market  Hall  and  Huron  Street  Sta- 
tions—Max Kipley  and  Martin  Quinn— Lieutenant  Baus  and 
the  Bavarian  Heaven — Lieutenant  Lloyd  at  Webster  Avenue — 
The  Career  of  a  Batallion  of  Good  Men— Splendid  Records 560 


FREDERICK    EBERSOLD, 
General  Siipetintendent  of  Police. 


CHAPTER  I. 

FROM  THE  DISCOVERY  OF  THE  CHICAGO  PORTAGE  BY  MARQUETTE  AND 
JOLIET  TO  THE  ARRIVAL  OF  JOHN  KINZIE-A  DESCRIPTION  OF 
CHICAGO  BEFORE  CHICAGO  EXISTED -THE  FORESIGHT  OF  THE 
FIRST  EXPLORERS -BUILDING  THE  FORT -THE  INDIANS'  FIRST 
SIGHT  OF  A  SCHOONER -CHICAGO'S  FIRST  POLICE  FORCE- THE 
ROMANCE  OF  THE  McKENZIE  GIRLS  -  KINZIE'S  REMARKABLE 
CAREER -THE  PROCESS  OF  EVOLUTION. 

In  the  beginning,  that  is  to  say,  centuries  after  the  last 
vestige  of  Aztec  civilization  had  disappeared,  when  even  the 
homes  of  the  Mound  Builders  were  crumbling  into  fine  dust, 
and  before  the  sun  of  European  enlightenment  had  dawned 
upon  the  "flat  heath,  pierced  by  a  small  tranquil  stream" — the 
destined  site  of  this  great  city — there  was  nothing.  Unless 
one  would  call  some  miles  of  soggy,  desolate  downs,  relieved 
here  and  there  by  a  clump  of  trees — oak,  maple  or  perhaps 
•Cottonwood — dotted  with  miniature  islands  covered  with 
swamp-reeds,  and  rising  high  and  pyramidal  above  the 
surrounding  waste  of  decayed  and  living  weeds,  with  a 
murky  stream,  to  which  there  were  no  apparent  banks,  crawl- 
ing through  the  tangle  of  useless  vegetation,  losing  itself 
now  and  then  in  the  marsh,  and  finally  emptying  its  dirty 
waters  into  the  lake — unless  one  would  call  this  something, 
there  was  nothing. 

Nothing  certainly  to  charm  the  eye  of  one  Avho  might 
approach  it  from  the  West,  nothing  to  captivate  the  pioneer, 
the  traveler  or  the  adventurer  who  viewed  it  from  the  South 
or  North.  Where  there  was  not  swamp  there  was  sand; 
when  a  dense  fog  was  not  rising  from  the  midst  of  the 
dreary  waste,  shutting  out  at  times  even  the  mid-day  sun, 


2  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

clouds  of  finely  pulverized  sand  from  the  lake  shore  blew 
across  the  marsh,  tlescending  again  upon  the  weeds  and 
grasses  and  making  the  picture  more  desolate  and  repelling 
than  ever. 

Perhaps  it  was  providential,  perhaps  accidental,  at  any 
rate  it  was  lucky  that  Marquette  and  Joliet,  the  original  whito 
discoverers  of  Chicago,  fell  in  with  a  band  of  Illinois  Indi- 
ans who  undertook  to  show  them  the  Southern  shores  of  the 
great  lake,  whose  Northern  waters  they  were  already  familiar 
with,  for  these  Indians  had  told  marvelous  tales  of  the 
grandeur  and  beauty  of  the  big  water,  and  the  lands  that 
fringed  its  Southern  banks.  Otherwise  the  missionary  explor- 
ers might  have  been  tempted  to  turn  back  when  they  found 
themselves  on  the  bosom  of  a  stream,  orreen  with  stacjnation 
and  along  whose  sides  nature  appeared  to  be  in  one  of  the 
last  stages  of  decomposition.  The  indomitable  will  which 
characterized  these  early  discoverers,  the  high  sense  of  duty 
which  inspired  them,  sustained  the  good  men  in  the  task 
they  had  undertaken.  They  caoie  to  spread  the  light  of 
Christianity  among  the  Illinois,  and  nothing  could  hinder 
their  progress  save  death. 

Up  the  Illinois  then  came  Marquette,  Joliet,  their  stout- 
hearted followers  and  dusky  guides;  into  the  Desplaines 
they  plowed,  finally  through  the  Chicago  riyer,  out  on  the 
greenish  waters  of  the  lake. 

It  was  a  beautiful  September  day  in  the  year  1673,  when 
Marquette  and  Joliet  turning  their  boats  about,  directed 
their  visions  toward  the  shore. 

Rising  above  the  graveled  beach,  upon  which  the  wave- 
lets splashed  and  murmured,  were  long  lines  of  sand-hills, 
sparkling  against  a  back-ground  of  autumnal  foliage, 
through  which  the  setting  sun  penetrated,  giving  a  golden 
tint  to  the  turning  leaves  on  oak  and  maple.  Their  view 
embraced  the  horse-shoe  bend  which  to-day  assists  in  form- 
ing the  natural  harbor  of  Chicago.  Before  them  was  the 
stream  from  which  they  had  just  emerged,  trailing    like  a 


THE    FIRST    SETTLEMENT.  6 

serpent  through  a  white  sandbar  that  stretched  far  out  into 
the  lake.  The  river's  mouth  was  hospitable  enou<i^h  to  all 
appearance,  and  one  on  which  the  gaze  of  Marquette  was 
riveted  for  some  moments. 

The  Indians  had  already  named  the  river,  and  the  name 
they  gave  it  was  destined  in  all  probability  to  outlive  the 
memory  of  the  great  explorers.  It  has  often  been  remarked 
by  American  historical  writers,  that  there  was  a  great  deal 
of  hard,  practical  common  sense  in  the  crude  nomenclature 
of  the  aboriginies.  When  they  desired  to  give  anything  a 
name,  they  generally  gave  it  a  name  which  fitted  so  closely 
that  it  was  bound  to  stick.  Much  as  tliey  have  been  credited 
with  poetic  imagination,  their  minds  were  probably  entirely 
innocent  of  the  slightest  tendency  in  that  direction.  Hence, 
when  they  named  the  stream  to  which  the  very  settlement,  let 
alone  the  glory  and  prosperity  of  this  city  is  due,  the  Chicago 
river,  they  intended  to  convey  an  idea  in  the  plainest  and 
clearest  possible  language. 

They  had  during  the  hunting  season  found  it  profitable 
to  penetrate  the  marshes  through  which  the  river  ran,  in 
search  of  game,  which  abounded  thereabouts  to  their  hearts 
content.  They  had  spent  days  and  nights  upon  the  stream 
or  upon  its  banks.  They  were  familiar  with  it.  They  were 
acquainted  with  its  good  points  and  with  its  little  draw- 
backs. They  weighed  both  in  the  scales  of  their  Indian 
intelligence  and  decided  to  name  it  the  Chicaoro  river,  the 
word  "  Chicago  "  in  the  language  of  the  Illinois  Indians 
meaning  "  Onion,"  in  the  language  of  the  Pottawatomies, 
meaning  "pole-cat." 

A  recent  historian,  says:  "It  is  highly  probable  that  it 
was  thus  named  because  wild  onions  grew  in  great  profusion 
there.  That  it  was  a  synonym  of  honor,  is  demonstrated 
from  the  fact  that  the  Illinois  tribes  named  one  of  their 
chiefs  Chicago,  and  thus  elevated  above  his  peers,  he  was 
sent  to  France  in  1725,  and  had  the  distinguished  honor  of 
being  introduced  to  the  Company  of  the  Indies." 


4  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

This  explanation  the  reader  will  be  quite  willing  to 
accept  with  some  mental  reservation.  It  is  more  than  likely 
that  the  Chicago  river,  in  the  days  before  a  city  grew  up 
along  its  banks,  was  tainted  somewhat  with  the  odor  which 
has  now  made  its  name  famous  through  the  length  and 
breadth  of  the  land.  That  the  Indians  gave  it  an  appropriate 
name,  will  not  be  questioned  at  this  late  day. 

As  "  Chicago  Portage,"  the  point  where  the  Chicago 
river  emptied  into  Lake  Illinois  (as  Lake  Michigan  was 
then  called)  became  geographically  known,  when  known  at 
all.  The  bold  spirits  who  penetrated  into  the  wilderness 
and  established  trading  posts  on  the  rivers  and  lakes  may 
have  been  familiar  with  it,  but  to  the  outside  world, 
and  even  to  the  great  majority  of  the  pioneers,  it  was  entirely 
unknown.  It  was  not  a  point  of  importance  at  any  time 
during  the  troublesome  times  that  followed  the  Anglo- 
French  Colonial  war,  in  which  George  Washington  under 
Braddock,  first  achieved  military  distinction.  This  war 
stripped  France  of  all  territory  lying  upon  the  great  lakes 
and  east  of  the  Mississippi,  and  Chicago  Portage  passed 
under  the  English  tiag  without  knowing  it.  In  all  the 
subsequent  events,  the  cession  of  Louisiana  to  Spain,  the 
insurrection  of  the  Indians  under  the  great  Pontiac,  and 
spurred  on  by  the  French  traders,  the  attempt  of  the  Illinois 
Chief  Chicago  to  drive  back  the  English;  the  English 
attempt  to  prevent  settlements  beyond  the  Ohio  river ;  the 
annexation  of  the  Northwest  to  Canada;  the  preparation  for 
a  colonial  revolt  against  King  George — through  all  these 
events  Chicago  Portage  slumbered  obliviously  in  her  deso- 
late neck  of  tlie  woods,  as  blissfully  ignorant  of  the  world  as 
the  world  could  possibly  be  of  her. 

The  Southwest  was  settling  up  rapidly.  The  Missis- 
sippi had  become  dotted  with  thriving  towns.  The  commerce 
in  furs  had  assumed  enormous  proportions  even  along  the 
banks  of  the  Missouri.  LaClede  (in  1763)  had  established 
a  trading  post  on  the  Father  of  Waters  and  named  it    St. 


THE    FIRST    SETTLEMENT. 


6  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

Louis;  it  had  grown  to  the  dimensions  of  a  large  town,  and 
had  established  considerable  of  a  reputation  throughout  the 
valley  long  before  the  place  destined  one  day  to  rival  and 
later  to  surpass  it  was  dreamed  of.  Even  during  the  Anglo- 
Spanish  war,  when  St.  Louis  had  800  white  and  150  colored 
inhabitants,  and  when  it  was  considered  such  an  important 
point  that  Gen.  Clark  with  a  detachment  of  1,500  men 
marched  against  it — for  it  was  a  Spanish  town — iChicago 
Portage  was  entirely  unknown.  If  there  were  any  settlers 
hereabouts  they  were  of  that  unassuming  and  orderly  class 
which  even  in  war  times  attract  no  attention.  It  is  the 
general  belief,  however,  that  there  were  no  inhabitants 
located  at  Chicago  Portage,  save  a  few  Indians  and  some 
stray  hunters. 

While  negotiations  for  the  purchase  of  Lousiana  were 
still  in  progress,  the  project  of  building  a  fort — a  sort  of  an 
outpost  of  civilization — at  the  Southern  extremity  of  Lake 
Michigan,  was  being  entertained  by  Congress.  From  the 
close  of  the  revolution  it  had  been  remarked  that  British 
influence  among  the  warriors  who  over-ran  the  West,  and 
who  could  be  counted  in  bands  of  thousands  along  the  upper 
lakes,  was  gaining  headway,  and  it  became  necessary  with 
the  acquisition  of  the  new  territory,  that  the  United  States 
government  should  make  some  demonstration  of  its  strength 
in  order  to  counteract  the  pernicious  effects  of  England's 
tactics.  The  Indians  could  be  made  very  troublesome  to  us 
by  the  artifices  of  a  nation  that  was  secretly,  if  not  openly^ 
still  an  enemy  of  the  republic.  Hence  the  proposition  to 
build  a  fort. 

The  mouth  of  the  St.  Joseph  river  on  the  east  bank  of 
the  lake,  was  first  proposed  as  the  proper  site  for  the  outpost, 
but  the  friendly  Indians  were  hostile  to  the  measure,  with- 
held their  consent  to  its  construction,  and  the  government 
commissioners,  in  the  interest  of  peace,  decided  to  select 
another  location.  This  decision  may  be  pronounced  the 
beginning  of  the  liistory  of  Chicago. 


THE    FIRST    SETTLEMENT.  T 

Across  the  lake  from  St.  Joseph  was  the  Chicago  Portage, 
■where  a  piece  of  territory  six  miles  square  had  been  ceded  to 
the  government  by  the  Indians  by  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  in 
1795.  The  mere  fact  that  these  six  miles  square  had  been 
ceded  to  the  government,  appears  to  have  been  the  most 
potent  intiueuce  brought  to  l)ear  upon  the  commissioners. 
Beyond  the  fact  that  the  government  owned  this  little  piece 
of  land  in  the  wilderness,  there  was  no  particular  reason  why 
the  fort  should  be  located  there — except  that  the  Chicago 
river  emptied  into  the  lake  at  this  point,  and  from  the  Chicago 
communication  could  be  had  by  water  with  the  interior- 
So  that  thus  early  the  river  was  our  friend.  The  iindertak- 
ing  was  considered  at  the  time  a  bold  one,  as  the  post  would 
be  far  removed  from  the  borders  of  civilization,  and  the 
safety  of  its  defenders  would  depend  to  a  great  measure  upon 
the  friendship  of  the  Illinois  and  Pottawatomie  Indians. 
No  force  which  the  government  intended  to  place  within  the 
fort  could,  of  course,  be  expected  to  cope  with  a  general 
uprising,  but  it  was  the  only  available  point,  and  an  order 
for  the  construction  of  the  works  was  issued  by  the  war 
department  in  1803. 

There  were  no  American  outposts  nearer  than  Detroit  and 
Michilimacinac  at  this  time.  A  company  of  United  States 
soldiers  was  stationed  at  the  latter  place  under  command  of 
Capt.  John  Whistler,  an  officer  of  the  revolution,  and  to  him 
was  entrusted  the  work  of  establishing  the  new  fort.  Two 
young  lieutenants,  William  Whistler,  his  eldest  son,  and 
James  S.  Swearington,  from  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  were  under 
his  command.  To  the  latter  he  gave  in  charge  the  difficult 
and  dangerous  task  of  conducting  the  soldiers  through  the 
forests  of  Michigan  to  Chicago,  while  with  his  wife,  his  son 
and  his  son's  wife — a  young  bride — he  embarked  on  the 
United  States  schooner  "  Tracy  "  for  the  same  destination. 

It  was  on  July  4,  1S03,  that  the  schooner  anchored  out- 
side the  sand  bar.  The  mouth  of  the  river  was  choked 
with    saiul,    driftwood   find    weeds.       On   the  sand  bar   the 


8 


THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


THE    FIRST    SETTLEMENT.  9 

schooner  discharged  her  freight  of  ammunition,  arms  aiul 
provisions  into  small  boats,  in  which  they  were  rowed  into 
the  river  and  landed  on  the  spot  where  the  fort  was  to  he 
built.  There  were,  at  this  point,  three  rude  huts  occupied  by 
French  fur-traders,  with  their  Indian  wives  and  broods  of 
half-breeds.  But  the  news  of  the  projected  work  had  been 
noised  around  tlie  country,  and  nearly  2,000  Indians  were 
present  to  witness  the  debarkation.  In  the  presence  of  these 
natives,  the  United  States  flag  was  planted  on  a  spot  which 
the  historian  of  the  Northwest  says,  was  "made  venerable  with 
the  memories  of  180  years  of  transient  French  occupation." 

The  Indians  exhibited  no  signs  of  hostile  intentions,  indeed 
they  exhibited  no  sign  at  all  save  those  of  childish  wonder. 
They  had  never  seen  a  vessel  before  and  the  schooner  amazed 
them.  Its  size  appeared  to  their  sight  perfectly  immeasur- 
able. They  had  never  conceived  of  anything  that  could  float 
upon  water  larger  than  a  birch-bark  canoe.  After  looking 
at  the  schooner  for  several  hours  they  finally  named  it,  in. 
their  own  language,  the  "  big  canoe  with  wings." 

It  is  not  likely  that  if  the  Indians  understood  the  full 
meaning  of  the  debarkation — if  they  realized  that  the  powder 
and  shot,  the  arms  and  equipments  of  the  fort,  which  were 
scattered  on  its  proposed  site,  were  intended  to  bring  about  the 
destruction  of  their  power  and  their  final  extermination  from 
the  hunting  grounds  along  the  river  and  by  the  great  lake — 
if  they  could  appreciate  how  grasping,  unyielding,  relentless 
and  deadly  was  the  enemy  represented  by  this  first  install- 
ment from  the  schooner — they  would  not  have  stood  quietly 
by  and  permitted  the  invasion  with   good  humored  stolidity.. 

Capt.  Whistler  must  have  had  a  great  deal  of  confidence 
in  the  Indians.  Otherwise  he  would  not  have  permitted 
Capt.  Tracy  to  sail  away  with  his  schooner  almost  immedi- 
ately, leaving  the  little  party  practically  at  the  mercy  of  the 
natives. 

The  soldiers  arriving  overland,  the  first  thing  to  be 
done  was    to    erect  a    block  house.      "  This,"     says  Iiufu3. 


10  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

Blanolmrd  in  his  "  Discovery  and  Conquests  of  the  North- 
west," "  was  an  easy  task  but  for  the  hauling  of  the  logs  to 
the  ground  selected  for  its  site.     They  had  neither  oxen  nor 
horses  with  which  to  do  this,  but  the   soldiers  geared  them- 
selves  with  ropes  and  performed  the  onerous  toil."     The 
summer  and  autumn  of  1803  had  passed  aAvay  before  the  Fort 
was  completed,  but  before  cold  weather  set  in  the  garrison 
had  provided  themselves  with  tolerably  comfortable  quarters. 
The  defenses,  as  described  by  the  same  historian,  consisted 
of  two  block  houses,  one  at  the  southeast  and  the  other  on 
the  northwest  corner  of  the  grounds  enclosed.     These  were 
large  enough  for  a  parade  ground  and  were  surrounded  by  a 
substantial  palisade.     A  sally  port  connected  the  enclosure 
with  the  river  by  means  of  a  subterranean  passage.     Immedi- 
ately north  of  the  fort,  the  main  branch  of  the  Chicago  river 
rolled   its  quiet  waters  to  the  lake,  and  on  the  west,  half 
a  mile  of  wet  prairie  or  swamp  intervened  between  the  fort 
and  the  south  branch.        On  the  east  were  the  shifting  sand 
drifts,  through  which  the  river  found  its  way  to  the  lake  by 
a  detour  southwardly   along  the  shore,  half  a  mile  south  of 
its  present  outlet.     Three  pieces  of  light  artillery  and  small 
arms  constituted  the  armament.     Attached  to  the  fort  was  a 
two-story  log  building,  sided  with   clapboards  riven  from 
logs  like  barrel  staves.       This  was  called  the  United  States 
factory,  which  meant  a  place  to  store  goods  belonging  to  the 
government,  designed  for  gratuitous  distribution  among  the 
Indians.      It  stood  outside  of  the  palisade  to  the  Avest,  and 
was  under  the  charge  of  an  agent  who  was  sutler  to  the  fort 
and  was    subject   to   the    orders  of    the   commander.     The 
garrison  of  the  fort   consisted  of  one  captain;  one  second 
lieutenant;  one  ensign;  four    sergeants;  one    surgeon    and 
fifty-four  privates. 

In  Eastman's  History  of  Chicago,  it  is  said:  "This  fort 
then  occupied  one  of  the  most  beautiful  sites  on  the  lake 
shore.  It  was  as  high  as  any  other  point,  overlooking  the 
suface  of  the  lake  ;  commanding  as  well  as  any  other  view 


THE    FIRST    SETTLEMENT.  11 

on  this  flat  surface  could,  the  prairie  extending  south  to  the 
belt  of  timber  along  the  south  branch  and  on  the  north  side, 
and  the  white  sand  hills,  both  to  the  north  and  south, 
which  had  for  ages  past  b«en  the  sport  of  the  lake  winds." 

Around  the  fortification  little  by  little  began  to  gather 
the  wild  and  restless  adventurers,  who  blazed  the  road 
of  civilization  across  the  trackless  forests.  Now  and  then 
iunters  dropped  in,  liked  the  place,  and  stayed.  Little 
by  little  the  three  log  huts  which  the  schooner  "  Tracy  "  had 
found  there,  became  part  of  a  little  village  of  similar  huts, 
but  the  occupants  instead  of  being  French  fur-traders  with 
squaw  wives,  were  more  closely  allied  by  race  and  disposi- 
tion to  the  soldiers  within  the  palisades.  Indians  there  were 
and  continued  to  be  in  great  numbers.  Though  not  natur- 
ally hostile,  still  there  was  always  more  or  less  danger  that  a 
personal  quarrel  with  one  of  the  soldiers  or  settlers  might 
precipitate  trouble.  The  post  continued  to  be  entirely  iso- 
lated from  the  rest  of  the  Caucasian  race  on  the  continent, 
and  save  for  an  occasional  visit  from  a  supply  schooner, 
its  little  garrison  might  well  become  impressed  with  the 
belief    that   nil    the    world  had  forgotten  them. 

Everytliiiig  connected  with  the  little  fort  is  of  interest 
to  one  who  studies  the  history  of  Chicago  for  the  purpose  of 
gleaning  therefrom  the  material  for  a  record  of  her 
guardians,  whether  they  wore  the  uniform  of  government 
regulars  or  the  blue  blouses  of  the  police.  T'.ie  little 
garrison  which  we  find  sheltered  inside  the  block  house  or 
behind  the  palisades  were  Chicago's  first  police  force,  the 
Indians  they  had  to  contend  with  were  her  first  anarchists, 
and  a  few  years  later,  near  this  very  spot,  occurred  the  first 
riot  and  massacre. 

And  here  let  us  listen  to  a  story  every  word  of  which  is 
true,  and  in  it  we  will  discover  all  the  elements  that  go  to 
make  up  a  first-class  Indian  novel.  A  backwoodsman  named 
McKenzie  had  been  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Virginia,  in  the 
days  when  Virginia's  borders  extended  to  the  Ohio  river. 


12  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

During  Denmores'  war  on  the  frontier,  so  the  story  is  told^ 
the  Shawanese,  then  the  great  formidable  power  of  the 
forest,  now  entirely  annihilated,  or  lost  among  the  surviving 
tribes,  in  one  of  their  border  forages  came  suddenly  upon 
the  home  of  the  McKenzie's,  killed  the  wife  and  carried 
two  of  the  daughters,  Margaret,  aged  ten,  and  Elizabeth, 
aged  eight,  into  captivity.  The  Indians  took  them  to  old 
Chillicothe,  the  capital  town  of  the  Shawanese  nation,  where 
they  were  adopted  into  the  family  of  a  "  high  bred  Indian 
Chief,"  and  reared  according  to  custom,  under  the  tender 
care  of  his  obedient"  squaw.  Ten  years  later  when  the  girls 
had  ripened  into  blooming  womahood,  Margaret  was  allowed 
to  accompany  the  chief  whom  she  was  taught  to  call  her  father, 
on  one  of  his  hunting  excursions  to  the  St.  Mary's  river, 
in  the  present  State  of  Indiana,  near  Fort  Wayne.  During  this 
journey  the  white  maiden  was  chaperoned  by  a  discreet  and 
matronly  squaw.  Arriving  at  the  hunting  ground  a  young 
chief  of  the  same  tribe  fell  in  love  with  Margaret,  a  love 
which  she  was  far  from  reciprocating.  She  declined  the 
offer  of  his  heart  and  hand,  and  ho  determined  to  carry  her 
off  by  force.  On  the  night  of  the  intended  abduction,  becom- 
ing aware  of  his  plans,  she  escaped  into  the  woods.  Her  dog 
followed,  and  the  two  hastened  to  the  stockade,  where 
the  horses  were  kept,  half  a  mile  down  the  St.  Mary's  river. 
Her  lover  was  at  her  heels  before  she  reached  the  place. 
She  turned  and  set  her  dog  on  him.  The  dog  grappled 
with  the  dusky  lover,  and  while  the  conflict  was  raging  she 
reached  the  stockade,  jumped  upon  a  horse  and  fled 
through  the  wilderness,  seventy-five  miles  to  her  Indian 
home  at  Chillicothe.  Her  horse  never  rested  until  he  had 
brought  her  into  safety.  Next  day  he  died.  The  fate  of  the 
dog  remains  a  mystery  to  this  day. 

John  Kinzie  was  born  in  Quebec,  in  1703;  when  an 
infant  he  lost  his  father,  and  his  mother  took  unto  herself  a 
second  husband,  a  Mr.  Forsyth.  The  family  then  removed 
to  New  York.     John  who  was  about  ten  years  old,  deter- 


MICHAEL    BRENNAN, 

Chief  Clerk,  Police  Department. 


THE    FIRST    SETTLEMENT.  13 

mined  to  go  back  to  his  native  place,  and  accordingly  he 
boarded  a  sloop  bound  ft)r  Albany.  On  board  the  vessel 
young  Kinzie  made  the  acquaintance  of  a  Quebec  gentleman 
who  took  a  fancy  to  him,  paid  his  fare,  and  landed  him  safely 
at  the  end  of  the  journey.  He  never  got  any  nearer  to 
Quebec.  At  Albany  he  became  an  apprentice  to  a  silver- 
smith, and  he  is  next  heard  of  at  Detroit,  as  a  fur  trader, 
during  the  English  occupation  of  that  town. 

Margaret  and  Elizabeth  McKinzie,  shortly  after  the 
former's  escape  from  her  lover,  were  taken  by  their  Indian 
foster-father  to  Detroit.  Here  young  Kinzie  met  with 
them.  He  and  Margaret  fell  in  love  with  each  other  and 
soon  afterward  they  were  married.  About  the  same  time 
Elizabeth  met  a  Scotchman  named  Clark,  and  they  were 
soon  married.  The  two  young  women  and  their  husbands 
lived  in  Detroit  for  about  five  years  afterward,  and  during 
this  time  Margaret  became  the  mother  of  three  children, 
^Yilliam,  James  and  Elizabeth ;  and  Elizabeth  had  two  chil- 
dren, John  K.,  and  Elizabeth. 

The  father  of  the  two  girls,  about  twenty-five  years  after 
their  abduction  from  his  home,  received  tidingfs  of  his  chil- 
dren,  and  hastened  to  Detroit  to  see  them.  So  happy  w^ere 
the  girls  to  see  their  father  again,  and  so  loth  was  he  to  leave 
them,  that  they  agreed  to  return  with  him  to  his  old  home. 
The  husbands  consented.  No  final  separation  was  intended, 
says  Mr.  Kinzie' s  biographers,  but  time  and  distance  divorced 
them  forever. 

Mr.  Kinzie  afterward  married  the  widow  of  an  English 
ofiicer  at  St.  Joseph.  Margaret  married  Mr.  Benjamin  Hall, 
of  Virginia,  and  Elizabeth  married  Mr.  James  Clybourn, 
also  of  Virginia.  One  might  naturally  suppose  that  this 
romance  of  real  life  might  end  here,  but  no.  David,  the 
eldest  son  of  Benjamin  Hall  and  Margaret,  made  a  journey 
to  Chicago  in  1822,  where  he  remained  three  years.  On 
his  return  to  Virginia,  he  gave  such  a  flattering  account  of 
the  place  that  a  large  number  of  persons  were  induced  to 


14  THK    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

emigrate  hither.  The  first  of  them  Avas  Archibald  Clybourn, 
the  oldest  son  of  Elizabeth,  who  became  one  of  the  leading 
citizens  and  a  historical  character.  His  mother,  Elizabeth, 
the  former  captive,  autl  her  second  husband,  Mr.  Clybourn, 
shortly  afterward  removed  to  Chicago.  Mr.  Benjamin  Hall 
also  came  out  here.  From  these  sisters  descended  a  long 
line  of  men  and  women  who  were  distinguished  in  the 
early  history  of  Chicago,  and  their  blood  mingles  today  with 
that  of  many  of  the  leading  people  of  the  city. 

John  Kinzie  shortly  after  his  second  marriage,  determined 
to  come  to  Chicago.  His  wife  was  the  mother  of  a  daughter 
by  her  first  husband.  By  his  second  wife  he  was  the  father 
of  a  boy,  John  H.  Kinzie,  then  abimt  six  months  old. 

In  the  spring  of  1804,  John  Kinzie,  his  wife,  daughter 
and  the  babe,  with  their  effects  packed  in  saddle  bags,  and 
lashed  to  the  backs  of  the  horses,  took  the  Indian  trail  that 
led  from  Detroit  through  Ypsilanti,  Niles  and  St.  Joseph 
around  the  southern  extremity  of  L;ike  Michigan  to  Chicago. 
Soon  after  his  arrival,  Mr.  Kinzie  purchased  of  a  Frenchman 
named  Le  Mai,  a  small  trading  establishment,  and  here  his 
little  family  were  housed.  He  improved  the  hut  from  time 
to  time,  until  at  a  later  period,  he  built  a  comfortable  home. 

John  Kinzie  was  practically  the  first  genuine  citizen  of 
Chicago.  He  came  here  to  live  and  grow  up  with  the  coun- 
try. He  came  here  to  assist  in  developing  the  place,  and  he 
soon  gathered  around  him  others  of  the  same  steady  and 
indefatigable  type.  He  was  also  the  first  prominent  busi- 
ness man,  and  the  same  restlessness  that  has  characterized 
those  who  came  after  him,  was  developed  to  a  large  extent 
in  the  person  of  this  pioneer. 

We  have  now  located  at  Chicago,  firstly,  a  police  depart- 
ment, in  the  nature  of  a  garrison  of  United  States  regulars; 
secondly,  a  lawless  mob  in  the  nature  of  Illinois  and  Potta- 
wattamie Indians ;  thirdly,  the  rabble  in  the  nature  of  advent- 
urers, hunters  and  shiftless  half-breeds,  and  fourthly,  the 
prominent  citizen,  represented  in  the  person  of  Mr.  John 


THE    FIRST    SETTLEMENT.  15 

Kinzie  and  a  few  small  French  far  traders.  Now  it  may  be 
said  that  Chicago  is  fairly  started  oat  in  life.  Here  are  the 
essentials  for  the  formation  of  a  community. 

The  baby  that  John  Kinzie  carried  from  Detroit,  swung 
in  a  swaddling  pocket  from  the  horn  of  a  saddle,  is  married 
and  years  afterward  his  accomplished  wife  writes  a  book  on 
frontier  life,  a  book  full  of  thrilling  interest  and  containing 
many  graphic  pictures.  It  is  entitled,  Wabun.  In  speak- 
ing of  her  father-in-law's  first  experience  in  Chicago,  she 
says: 

"By  degrees  more  remote  trading  posts  were  established  by  bim, 
all  contributing  to  the  parent  one  at  Chicago.  At  Milwaukee  with  the 
Menominees;  on  the  Illinois  river  and  Kankakee  with  the  Pottawatomies 
of  the  prairies;  and  with  the  Kickapoos,  in  what  was  then  called  Le  Large 
— being  the  widely  extended  district  afterward  created  into  Sangamon 
county.  Each  trading  post  had  its  Superintendent  and  its  Engages — its 
train  of  pack  horses  and  its  equipment  of  boats  and  canvass.  From 
most  of  the  stations  the  furs  and  peltries  were  brought  to  Chicago  on 
pack  horses,  and  the  goods  necessary  for  the  trade  were  transported  in 
return  by  the  same  method.  The  vessels  which  came  in  the  spring  and 
fall  (seldom  more  than  two  or  three  annually)  to  bring  the  supplies  and 
goods  for  the  trade,  took  the  furs  that  were  already  collected  to  Macki, 
uaw,  the  depot  of  the  Southwest  and  American  fur  companies.  AV 
other  seasons  of  the  year  they  were  sent  to  the  place  in  boats  coastiny^ 
around  the  lakes. 

"Of  the  Canadian  Voyageurs  or  Engages,  a  race  that  has  now  so 
nearly  passed  away,  more  notice  may  very  properly  here  be  given.  They 
were  unlike  anj'  other  class  of  men.  Like  the  poet,  they  seemed  born  to 
their  vocation.  Sturdy,  enduring,  ingenious  and  light-hearted,  they  pos- 
sessed a  spirit  capable  of  adjusting  itself  to  any  emergency.  No  difficul- 
ties baffled,  no  hardships  discouraged  them,  while  their  affectionate 
nature  led  them  to  form  attachments  of  the  warmest  character  to  their 
'bourgeois'  or  master,  as  well  as  to  the  native  inhabitants,  among 
whom  their  engagements  carried  them.  Montreal,  or,  according  to  their 
own  pronunciation,  Maraialle,  was  their  depot.  It  was  at  that  place  that 
the  agents  commissioned  to  make  up  the  quota  for  the  different  compan- 
ies and  traders  found  material  for  their  selections." 

In  Blanchard's  history  we  learn  that  the  terms  of  en- 
gagement of  these  Voyageurs  were  usually  from  four  to  six 
hundred  livres  (ancient  Quebec  currency)  per  annum  as 
wages,  with  rations  of  one  quart  of  lyed  corn,  and  two  ounces 
of  tallow  per  diem,  or  its  equivalent  in  whatever  sort  of  food 


IG  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

was  to  be  found  in  the  Indian  country.  Instances  are  known 
of  their  submitting  cheerfully  to  fare  from  fresh  fish  ami 
maple  sugar  for  a  whole  winter  when  cut  off  from  supplies. 
It  was  a  common  saying,  "Keep  an  Engage  to  his  corn  and 
tallow  and  he  will  serve  you  well,  give  him  pork  and  bread 
and  he  will  soon  get  beyond  your  management.'"' 

The  families  that  became  neighborly  with  the  Kinzies  at 
once,  and  were  friendly  for  years  afterwards,  were  the  Le 
Mais,  the  Ouilmettes  and  the  Pettels.  Of  these  the  Ouil- 
mettes  were  ])evhaps  best  known  in  after  years,  and  the  name 
is  perpetuated  to  this  day  by  a  little  suburban  village  on  the 
lake  shore  north  of  Evanston.  It  is  now  spelled  as  pronounced, 
Willmette.  This  village  is  located  in  a  large  reservation  of 
lands  which  was  granted  to  the  founder  of  the  family  as  a 
reward  for  his  early  achievements  and  his  devotion  to  the 
interests  of  the  settlement. 

The  young  bride  of  Capt.  Whistler  who  accompanied  her 
husband  in  the  first  schooner  to  Chicago  Portage,  was  alive 
only  a  few  years  ago.  Henry  W.  Hurlbut,  a  citizen  of  Chi- 
cago, visited  her  in  1875.  In  a  pamphlet  on  "Chicago  An- 
tiquities," he  describes  his  interview  with  her  as  follows: 

"  It  was  a  coveted  privilege  which  we  sought,  as  any  one  might  be- 
lieve, for  it  was  duriug  the  tremendous  rainstorm  of  the  evening  of  the 
29th  day  of  October,  1875,  that  we  sallied  out  to  call  on  Mrs.  Col.  W.  A. 
Whistler.  When  we  entered  the  parlor  the  venerable  woman  was  engaged 
at  the  centre  table  in  some  game  of  amusement  with  her  grand-children, 
and  great  grand-children,  seemingly  as  much  interested  as  any  of  the 
children.  She  claimed  to  enjoy  good  health,  and  was  apparently  an  un- 
usual specimen  of  well  preserved  faculties,  both  intellectual  and  physical. 
She  is  of  a  tall  form  and  her  appearance  still  indicates  the  truth  of  the 
common  report  that  in  her  early  years  she  was  a  person  of  surprising  ele- 
gance. A  marked  trait  of  hers  has  been  a  spirit  of  unyielding  energy  and 
determination,  and  which  length  of  years  has  not  yet  subdued.  Her  ten- 
acious memory  ministers  to  a  voluble  tongue,  and  we  may  say  briefly  she 
is  an  agreeable,  intelligent  and  sprightly  lady,  numbering  only  a  little 
over  eighty-eight  years.  "To-day,"  said  she,  "I  received  my  first  pension 
on  account  of  my  husband's  services." 

"Mrs.  Whistler  lives  in  Newport,  Kentucky.  She  has  one  son  and 
several  grandsons  in  the  army.  Born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  July  3,  1787,  her 
maiden  name  was  Julia  Ferson,  and  her  parents'  were  John,  and  Mary 


THE    FIRST    SETTLEMENT.  17 

La  Duke  Ferson.  In  c-hildhooJ  she  removed  witliher  parents  to  Detroit, 
where  she  received  most  of  her  edueutiou.  In  the  month  of  May,  1802, 
she  WHS  married  to  William  Whistler  (born  in  Hagerstown,  Md.,  about 
1784)  a  second  lieiitenant  in  the  company  of  his  father,  John  Whistler, 
U.  S.  A.,  then  stationed  at  Detroit." 

What  wonderful  cliauges  this  woman  had  seen!  A  bride 
of  sixteen  years  she  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chicago 
river  in  the  "Wihlerness.  There  are  but  three  log  huts,  and 
not  a  person  of  her  age,  sex  or  cultivation  that  she  can  associ- 
ate with  nearer  to  her  than  Detroit.  She  watches  the  build- 
ing of  old  Fort  Dearborn.  She  sees  a  little  settlement 
grow  up  around  it;  she  is  there  and  has  children  born  to  her 
before  the  Kinzies  arrive;  she  sees  the  slow  but  steady  trans- 
formation of  the  country  about,  the  marshes  disappearing 
through  numerous  drains,  the  fields  cultivated,  and  the  sav- 
ages becoming  less  numerous  week  by  week ;  she  lives  to  see 
the  fields  that  surrounded  the  block-houses  and  palisadea 
covered  with  handsome  houses — sees  streets  cut  through 
what  was  once  a  dense  morass,  survives  to  the  beginning  of 
this  decade,  and  her  faculties  remain  clear  enough  to  behold, 
Chicago  the  fourth  city  of  the  American  continent ! 


18  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


CHAPTER  II. 

THE  EVENTS  LEADING  UP  TO  AND  CULMINATING  IN  THE  MASSACRE  OF 
FT.  DEARBORN-ENGLAND'S  TREATMENT  OF  THE  YOUNG  REPUBLIC 
-THE  ANGLO-FRENCH  WAR-EMBARGOS  ON  COMMERCE  AND  NON- 
INTERFERENCE-THE  WAR  OF  1812-TECUMSEH  AND  THE  POTTA- 
WATOMIES-THE  RAID  OF  THE  WINNEBAGOS-EVACUATION  OF  THE 
FORT-THE  MASSACRE-EARLY  HEROISM. 

When  England  in  1783  was  compelled  to  acknowledge 
the  defeat  of  her  armies  and  the  success  of  the  American 
revolution,  she  did  so  grudgingly,  and  with  a  determination 
to  make  independence  a  costly  and  burdensome  luxury  for 
the  late  dependent  colonies.  She  had  it  in  her  power  to 
annoy  the  young  republic,  and  she  never  missed  an  oppor- 
tunity. No  minister  was  sent  to  represent  the  court  of  St. 
James  at  the  American  seat  of  government,  and  this  cour- 
teous recognition  was  withheld  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  an 
American  minister  represented  the  republic  in  London. 
She  excluded  our  commerce  from  her  colonial  ports,  com- 
pelled American  merchants  to  trade  in  English  waters,  under 
the*  monopolizing  system  that  she  had  established  by  means 
of  her  armament  on  the  high  seas,  directed  by  her  laws  of 
trade.  Her  war  vessels  sailed  the  American  lakes  and  men- 
aced our  infant  commerce  at  every  point ;  they  supplied  her 
forts,  still  held  on  American  soil,  with  arms  and  munitions, 
which  were  presented  cheerfully  to  the  Indians  that  they 
might  plunder  and  murder  American  settlers,  and  thereby 
retard  the  progress  of  the  country.  By  every  means  in  her 
power,  nearly  always  secretly,  but  now  and  then  openly  and 
brazenly,  she  continued  a  guerilla  warfare  upon  the  people 
who  had  just  compelled  her  armies  to  surrender. 


rpl^- 


AUSTIN   J.   DOYLE, 

Ex-Stipe)iittendent  of  Police. 


THE    BLOODY    BEGIN  NINO.  19 

The  war  of  indepeiuloiice  had  left  the  country  in  a 
crippled  coiulition  financially.  During  the  revolution  pro- 
duction had  almost  ceased,  the  demands  made  by  the  pa- 
triots in  the  field  exhausted  the  resources  of  the  people. 
They  had  won  their  liberty,  but  it  found  them  impoverished. 
England  knew  this,  and  knew  also  that  the  republic  would 
not  dare  to  undertake  another  war  in  her  then  enfeebled 
condition.  AVestern  people  cared  little  for  the  indignation 
and  outrages  heaped  upon  the  Eastern  mercantile  classes  by 
England's  maritime  policy,  but  they  had  reason  to  complain 
bitterly  of  the  atrocities  committed  along  the  borders  by 
Indians  armed  Avith  English  weapons,  and  supplied  with 
English  ammunition  and  provisions. 

All  this  time  it  was  by  no  means  certain  that  a  federal 
government  would  be  established  under  a  constitution  that 
would  insure  the  permanency  of  the  republic.  American 
statesmen  were  quarrelling  among  themselves  over  the  form 
of  the  central  government  which  should  be  instituted  to  take 
the  place  of  the  continental  congress;  there  were  bitter  and 
personal  disputes  between  the  delegates  from  the  different 
colonies  or  states,  and  for  a  time  it  looked  as  if  the  war  for 
independence  would  result  only  in  shattering  the  federation 
which  appeared  to  be  so  closely  cemented  while  there  was  a 
common  enemy  in  sight. 

These  internal  disputes  increased  England's  opportuni- 
ties, and  Washington  at  length  became  impressed  with  the 
necessity  of  taking  vigorous  measures  for  the  protection  of 
the  results  which  his  masterly  genius  had  assisted  in  achiev- 
ing. As  a  first  step  he  determined  to  establish  our  com- 
mercial relations  on  a  firm  and  profitable  basis.  Prosperity, 
he  reasoned,  would  speedily  put  an  end  to  disputes  at  home ; 
foreign  powers,  and  especially  England,  must  be  taught  to 
respect  the  American  flag  and  the  rights  of  those  who 
soiight  its  protection. 

The  result  was  Jay's  treaty  of  1794,  which  allowed 
America  to  trade  direct  with  the  West  Indies.     England  re- 


20  THE    CHICAGO    TOLICE. 

linquislied  the  Western  ports  wrongfully  held  by  her  since 
the  signing  of  the  peace,  trade  immediately  sprang  up,  and 
prosperity  continued  until  the  mad  war  between  England 
and  France,  during  the  progress  of  which  the  principals  vio- 
lated all  treaty-rights  and  treated  with  disrespect  the  natural 
rights  of  neutrals. 

In  1805  the  French  fleet  was  destroyed  at  Trafalgar  by 
the  great  Nelson,  and  England  became  in  fact  mistress  of 
the  seas.  Napoleon  in  1806  had  issued  his  famous  edict 
closing  all  the  ports  subject  to  French  authority,  and  the 
ports  of  all  nations  friendly  to  France,  against  English  com- 
merce. English  merchandise  wherever  found  was  to  be  sub- 
jected to  seizure.  Millions  of  dollars'  worth  of  English 
goods  were  seized,  and  much  of  them  destroyed,  in  the  ports 
of  Holland,  Belgium  and  Italy.  England,  to  counteract  the 
effect  of  this  mandate,  inspired  by  the  almost  insane  hatred 
which  Bonaparte  felt  toward  everything  English,  issued  in 
November,  1807,  "plenary  orders  for  the  confiscation  of 
ships  and  goods  bound  for  the  ports  of  France  and  her 
allies,  from  wherever  they  might  come,  and  her  ability  to 
execute  these  orders  made  them  effective,  and  ultimately 
recoiled  with  force  against  Napoleon,  the  prime  mover  in 
this  attempt  to  fight  natural  destiny."  Of  course  the  United 
States,  struggling  to  expand  her  commercial  relations, 
suffered  from  both  decrees.  The  English  decree  was  specific 
in  its  language  pointing  toward  the  restriction  of  American 
trade.  The  following  paragraph  will  illustrate  the  general 
tenor  of  the  situation : 

"  All  trade  directly  from  America  to  every  port  and  country  in  Eu- 
rope at  war  with  Great  Britain,  is  totally  prohibited.  All  articles, 
whether  of  domestic  or  colonial  produce,  exported  by  America  to  Europe, 
must  be  landed  in  England,  from  whence  it  is  intended  to  permit  their 
re-exportation  under  such  regulations  as  hereafter  may  be  demanded." 

Here  was  a  dilemma  for  a  young  government  to  grapple 

with.      Our  farmers,   traders,    exporters,    had  been  reaping 

the    benefit    of    European    misfortunes.      The     people    had 

turned  in  and  tilled  tlie  lands  until  the  country  was  able  to 


THE    BLOODY    BEGINNING.  21 

supply  the  European  armies  and  the  hostile  European  na- 
tions Avith  breadstutrs  and  raw  products  of  every  description. 
The  embargo  acts  of  France  and  England  stopped  all  tiiis. 
An  American  vessel  bound  for  a  French  port  was  subject  to 
seizure  and  ccmfiscation  by  English  men  of  Avar.  An  Ameri- 
can vessel  bound  for  an  English  port  was  subject  to  seizure 
and  confiscation  by  French  men  of  war.  The  United  States 
Congret^s,  thinking  that  if  our  su[)plies  were  cut  off  alto- 
gether the  Avar  Avould  haA^e  to  be  brought  to  a  close,  passed 
the  embargo  act  of  1807,  and  the  non-intercourse  act  of 
.  1809.  The  French  resented  these  acts,  and  seized  American 
vessels  in  French  ports  as  lawful  prizes.  England  did  not 
object  seriously,  "but  continued  her  right  of  search  and  the 
consequent  impressment  of  American  seamen  into  her  service, 
a  very  questionable  prerogative  that  she  had  never  aban- 
doned since  our  colonial  vassalage,  if  her  necessities  re- 
quired its  practice.  The  colossal  proportions  which  the  Avar 
betA\'een  England  and  France  now  assumed,  by  which  they 
were  daily  weakening  each  other,  may  have  extended  the 
limit  of  American  forbearance  to  declare  Avar;  instead  of 
doing  Avhich  she  made  an  offer  to  England  to  rescind  her 
embargo.  This  offer  England  rejected,  on  the  ground  that 
she  would  }iot  accept  a  favor  from  America  Avhich  might 
benefit  France." 

In  1810  France  repealed  her  obnoxious  decrees  against 
the  commerce  of  the  United  States,  upon  the  contingency 
that  our  government,  after  reopening  commercial  relations 
Avith  France,  should  continue  its  restriction  against  En- 
gland. The  treaty  or  understanding  went  into  effect  with- 
out any  official  notice  of  the  fact  being  sent  to  England. 
By  a  blunder  some  American  merchantmen  were  soon  after- 
Avards  seized  by  France,  and  England  took  advantage  of  this 
eA'eut  to  insist  that  all  the  orirrinal  embarijo  decrees  Avere 
still  in  force.  While  negotiations  were  in  progress  between 
this  country  and  France  several  appeals  were  made  by  the 
representatives  of  this   goA'^ernment  and   inliuential  citizens 


22  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

tti  England,  praying  that  the  embargo  which  the  latter  na- 
tion had  placed  upon  ovir  commerce  be  removed.  England 
would  not  agree  to  do  this,  but  in  reply  called  the  attention 
of  the  American  Government  to  the  fact  that  it  had  been 
engaged  in  secret  and  insidious  negotiations  with  France  to 
the  detriment  of  Great  Britain.  Finally  the  British  Gov- 
ernment, in  1812,  in  its  ultimate  reply,  attempted  to  justify 
its  previous  acts,  and  said:  "If  at  anytime  hereafter  the 
Berlin  and  Milan  decrees  (Napoleon's  embargo  edicts) 
shall,  by  pome  authentic  act  of  the  French  Government, 
publicly  promulgated,  be  expressly  and  unconditionally  re- 
voked, then  the  order  in  council  of  the  7th  of  January, 
1807,  (the  British  embargo  decree)  shall  be  revoked." 

As  the  result  of  this  unsatisfactory  reply,  and  as  our  re- 
lations with  France  had  again  become  friendly,  the  United 
States  Government,  on  June  18,  1812,  declared  war  upon 
England. 

This  history  would  have  little  to  do  with  the  important 
events  which  it  has  glanced  over  so  hastily,  were  not  Fort 
Dearborn,  on  the  outskirts  of  American  civilization,  very 
closely  interested  in  the  conflict  which  was  about  to  ensue. 
little  did  the  garrison  and  the  inhabitants  of  this  post 
dream  at  the  time  that  circumstances  were  combining  which, 
within  a  few  short  weeks,  would  bring  terror  and  the  horrors 
of  a  massacre  to  the  little  outpost. 

President  Madison,  two  months  before  the  declaration  of 
war,  had  ordered  Gov.  Meigs,  of  Ohio,  to  raise  1,000  men 
for  Western  service.  He  promptly  raised  this  number 
and  300  more,  which  force  he  turned  over  to  Gen.  Hull  at 
Dayton.  The  commanding  officer  marched  to  Detroit. 
Maiden,  the  most  important  British  post  on  the  upper  lakes, 
was  situated  on  the  Canadian  side  of  the  main  channel  of 
the  Detroit  river,  and  commanded  the  direct  passage  of  that 
stream.  A  schooner,  which  carried  some  invalids,  hospital 
stores,  and  a  trunk  containing  his  official  papers,  had  been 
sent   ahead  by    Gen.    Hull   in  company  with  a  boat.      The 


THE    BLOODY    BEGINNING. 


23 


2:2 

C     00 


24  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

schooner  during  the  night  ran  ahead  of  the  boat  and  was 
captured  in  the  Detroit  river  by  the  Britisli  brig  "  Hunter," 
The  boat  fortunately  escaped  capture.  The  day  after  the 
capture  of  the  schooner  Gen.  Hull  received  a  letter  from  the 
War  Department,  by  way  of  Cleveland,  announcing  the 
declaration  of  Avar  with  England.  This  was  the  iirst  intima- 
tion he  had  received  of  the  Government's  action.  He  was 
ordered  to  proceed  to  his  post  at  Detroit  with  all  possible 
speed,  and  to  make  such  arrangements  for  the  defense  of 
the  country  as  in  his  judgment  might  be  necessary. 

He  reached  Detroit  on  July  7,  and  on  the  12th  crossed 
over  to  the  Canadian  shore  with  his  little  army.  Here  he 
issued  a  spirited  address  to  his  soldiers  and  the  French 
Canadians,  who  were  naturally  at  enmity  with  England,  and 
the  watchword  "  On  to  Maiden,"  became  an  inspiring  cry 
on  all  sides.  A  reconnaisance  of  280  men  were  sent  for- 
ward to  the  British  post.  Five  miles  from  that  point  they 
came  into  collision  with  an  outpost  of  the  British,  and  the 
first  blood  of  the  war  of  1812  was  spilled. 

Gen.  Isaac  Brock,  Governor  of  Upper  Canada,  was  alive 
to  the  situation,  and  had  already  marked  out  his  plan  of 
campaign.  Fort  Michilimacinac  was  the  first  place  to  be 
attacked,  and,  skipping  all  the  preliminary  incidents,  suflSce 
it  to  say  that  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British  and  their 
Indian  allies  on  July  16.  "It  was  regarded  as  the  most 
important  post  in  the  Northwest,  except  Detroit.  It  had  an 
annual  export  trade  of  furs  amounting  to  $240,000,  and  the 
custom  house  duties  on  imports  were  about  $50,000  per 
annum." 

The  Indians,  finding  that  the  British  were  successful  in 
the  opening  struggle  of  the  war,  flocked  to  the  standard  of 
our  enemy.  Tecumseh  had  been  elevated  to  the  rank  of 
bricadier-gen^ral,  and  was  already  rendering  excellent  serv- 
ice to  Gen.  Brock. 

The  officers  who  were  originally  in  command  of  Fort 
Dearborn  had  been  replaced  the   year  previously  by  Capt. 


THE   BLOODY    BEGINNING. 


25 


It 

Bit:, 


ilf' 


^ 


26  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

Heald,  Lieut.  Helm  (who  had  married  John  Kinzie's  step- 
daughter), Ensign  George  Eonau,  and  Surgeon  Dr.  Van 
Voorhees.  A  reinforcement  of  twelve  militiamen  had  in- 
creased the  garrison  force  to  sixty-six  soldiers.  John  Kin- 
zie,  Jr.,  born  in  Canada,  opposite  Detroit,  just  before  his 
father  emigrated  to  Chicago,  was  a  lad  of  eight  years.  Ouil- 
mette,  a  French  laborer  in  Mr.  Kinzie's  employ,  had 
married  an  Indian  wife,  and  was  blessed  with  several  chil- 
dren. He  lived  near  the  Kinzie  residence.  On  the  same 
side  of  the  river  and  about  eighty  rods  to  the  west  lived  Mr. 
Burns,  his  wife  and  children.  Four  miles  up  the  south 
branch  lived  Mr.  White  on  a  farm  known  as  Lee's  place. 
He  had  three  French  laborers  in  his  employ.  The  spot 
which  this  little  farm  covered  is  now  in  the  heart  of  the  saw 
and  planing-mill  district.  Besides  the  farms  mentioned 
there  were  a  number  of  half-breeds,  who  lived  in  huts  or 
camps,  according  to  their  circumstances.  Inside  the  pali- 
sades of  the  fort  dwelt  the  families  of  Capt.  Heald,  Lieut. 
Helm  and  Sergt.  Holt,  "whose  wives  were  destined  to  be- 
come heroines  of  history,  and  to  their  number  may  be  added 
Mrs.  Bisson,  sister  of  Ouilmette's  wife,  and  Mrs.  Corbin, 
wife  of  a  soldier." 

According  to  a  paper  read  before  the  Chicago  Historical 
Society  by  Judge  Caton,  in  1870,  and  published  by  Fergus 
in  1876,  the  data  for  which  was  received  from  one  of  the 
oldest  Pottawatomie  chiefs,  the  hunting  grounds  of  these 
Indians  were  limited  on  the  south  by  Peoria  Lake,  and  on 
the  west  by  Bock  Biver.  "Since  the  days  of  the  great 
Pontiac,  their  alliance  with  his  tribe,  the  Ottawas,  had  been 
cemented  into  a  chain  of  friendship  strong  and  enduring; 
both  had  ever  been  active  allies  of  the  French  since  1673, 
as  appears  from  the  contemporary  history,  and  both  were 
unrelenting  foes  to  the  English  during  the  long  and  bloody 
French  and  Indian  war,  and  Pontiac's  war  which  followed, 
a  period  extending  from  1755  to  1764;  and  when  their  be- 
loved  chief  Pontiac  was  basely  murdered  by  an  Illinois, 


THE    BLOODV    BEGINNING.  27 

both  of  these  tribes  took  siiiumary  vengeance  on  the  whole 
Illinois  tribe,  and  at  Starved  Hock  slaughtered  the  last  rem- 
nant of  them,  except  eleven  warriors,  who  fled  under  cover 
of  darkness  to  St.  Louis.  And  this  was  the  victory  which 
gave  the  Pottawattomies  so  much  ascendancy  in  northern 
Illinois. 

But  the  French  had  in  a  great  measure  been  driven  out 
of  Illinois  by  the  English,  and  the  English  had  worked 
their  way  steadily  into  the  confidence  and  affections  of  the 
Indians.  They  had  been  taught  by  English  agents  and 
emissaries  that  the  Americans  were  attempting  to  rob  them 
of  their  hunting  grounds,  and  led  to  believe  that  if  they 
would  join  their  futures  with  the  British,  the  Americans 
would  be  driven  out  of  the  country,  and  be  forever  pre- 
vented from  trespassing  upon  their  lands.  The  Shawanees 
had  been  thoroughly  blinded  by  the  English,  and  had  given 
themselves  over  bodily  to  the  enemy,  with  Tecumseh  at 
their  head.  This  great  chieftain  was  as  eloquent  as  he  was 
brave.  He  talked  to  the  Pottawattomie  chiefs,  worked  upon 
their  credulity  and  gained  their  adhesion  to  the  English 
cause.  Several  of  them  had  fought  by  his  side  at  Tippe- 
canoe the  year  before,  and  Brown's  History  of  Illinois  in- 
forms us  that  even  then  Tecumseh  contemplated  the  des- 
truction of  Fort  Dearborn,  and  would  have  carried  his 
plans  into  execution  were  it  not  for  the  defeat  he  suffered  in 
that  memorable  engagement. 

He  was  an  energetic  men,  and  he  wandered  through  the 
wilderness  constantly  in  search  of  new  allies  to  assist  him 
in  driving  the  white  settlers  east  of  the  Ohio  river.  He 
succeeded  in  forming  an  alliance  of  this  character  with  the 
Winnebagoes  of  Ptock  River. 

Tecumseh's  influence  was  great,  and  he  succeeded  in 
winning  over  to  his  side  the  great  body  of  the  Indians  of 
all  tribes  east  of  the  Mississippi.  A  short  time  before 
trouble  actually  began,  some  Indians  who  had  come  to  Fort 
Dearborn  on  business,  seeing  Mrs.   Heald  and  Mrs.  Helm 


l:»  '  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

playing  at  some  outdoor  game,  one  of  them  said  to  the  in- 
terpreter: "The  white  chiefs'  wives  are  amusing  themselves 
very  much;  it  will  not  be  long  before  they  are  hoeing  in 
our  corn  fields."  A  few  weeks  later  the  Winnebagoes 
raided  the  settlement,  and  the  circumstances  point  directly 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  massacre  of  all  persons  found  out- 
side of  the  palisades  was  contemplated  in  the  design.  This 
is  known  to  history  as    "The  attack  on  Lees'  Place." 

It  -was  late  in  the  afternoon  of  April  7,  1812,  when  a 
party  of  twelve  Indians  entered  the  log  house  of  Lees  and 
seated  themselves  with  the  utter  disregard  for  manners  which 
characterized  the  Indian  race  generally.  In  ordinary  times 
this  would  not  have  aroused  suspicion,  but  the  actions  of 
the  Indians  now  alarmed  the  inmates,  who  were  anticipating 
trouble.  Two  of  the  men,  under  pretense  of  a  desire  to 
feed  the  cattle,  left  the  house,  and  imm.ediately  fled  toward 
the  fort,  alarming  the  Burns  household  on  the  way.  Here 
Mrs.  Kinzie  sat  by  the  side  of  Mrs.  Burns,  who  was  lying 
on  a  couch  with  a  new-born  babe.  On  hearing  the  alarm 
sounded  by  the  fugitives  across  the  river,  she  lost  all  con- 
sciousness of  the  sick  woman  and  thought  only  of  her  own 
children,  to  whom  she  fled  like  a  wild  woman,  shouting: 
"The  Indians!  The  Indians!  Killing  and  scalping!"  Mr. 
Kinzie  was  engaged  in  the  chaste  amusement  of  playing  a 
violin,  to  the  music  of  which  the  children  were  dancing.  On 
hearing  his  wife's  announcement,  the  family  was  hurried 
into  two  boats  and  rowed  rapidly  to  the  fort.  The  Burns 
family  was  rescued  by  Ensign  Ron  an  and  six  soldiers,  who 
carried  the  poor  mother  on  a  mattress  into  the  fort.  The 
Indians  had  murdered  Mr.  White  and  one  of  his  French 
laborers,  and  killed  a  dog  belonging  to  the  latter.  All  the 
white  residents,  half-breeds  and  friendly  Indians,  were  now 
gathered  under  the  protection  of  the  fort,  the  families  tak- 
ing up  their  quarters  in  the  agency  house,  which  was  placed 
under  additional  protection,  the  verandas  being  planked  up, 


LOKING   J.  VAN    PELT, 


THE    BLOODY    BEGINNING.  29 

with  port  holes  cut  in   the  sides,  to  be  used  in  case  of   an 
emergency. 

The  fort  was  amply  provisioned  for  a  long  siege,  and 
police  organization  at  once  went  into  operation.  Patrolmen 
were  appointed  to  look  out  day  and  night  for  signs  of 
trouble.  An  order  was  issued  to  prohibit  any  citizen  or  sol- 
dier from  leaving  the  enclosure  without  a  guard.  A  few 
nights  after  the  attack  Indians  were  seen  prowling  around 
the  fort.  They  were  fired  upon  by  the  patrolmen,  and  one 
of  them  was  killed.  Numerous  visitations  were  made  after 
this,  sheep  found  outside  the  fort  were  killed,  and  other 
cowardly  depredations  were  committed,  but  soon  these  an- 
noyances ceased,  and  after  a  few  weeks  the  inhabitants 
began  to  move  abroad  with  their  old  time  confidence.  The 
Pottawatomies  all  this  time  wore  the  guise  of  friendship, 
disclaimed  all  knowledge  of  a  complicity  in  the  recent  out- 
rages, and  pretended  to  entertain  the  best  of  sentiments 
toward  the  soldiers  and  settlers. 

Everybody  familiar  with  American  history  will  recall 
readily  the  disastrous  defeats  and  humiliations  which  befell 
our  armies  in  the  Northwest  during  the  early  months  of  the 
war  of  1812.  It  is  not  necessary  to  the  purposes  of  this 
volume  that  these  events  should  be  detailed,  except  where 
they  bear  directly  upon  the  little  settlement  surrounding 
Forfc  Dearborn.  Owing  to  the  almost  criminal  tardiness 
and  inefficiency  of  the  government  then  administering  the 
affairs  of  the  nation,  Gen.  Hull  was  left  without  sufficient 
reinforcements,  with  inadequate  supplies,  and  almost  en- 
tirely at  the  mercy  of  the  British,  who  were  pressing  him 
from  all  directions  and  carrying  on  a  vigorous  and  admir- 
able campaign.  Fort  Michilimacinac  had  fallen.  Finally 
the  garrison  of  Detroit,  together  with  the  town  and  the  en- 
tire territory  of  Michigan,  were  surrendered  to  the  enemy. 
This  was  a  dreadful  blow  to  the  pride  of  the  nation  and  a 
menace  to  its  ver}^  existence.  Gen.  Hull  was  tried  by  court 
martial   and  sentenced  to  be  hnn:rf^d,  a  sentence  never  exe- 


30  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

cuted,  aud  time  has  done  him  the  justice  to  acquit  him  of 
the  responsibility  which  a  weak  and  vacillating  government 
placed  upon  his  shoulders,  in  order  to  hide  its  own  defects 
and  conceal  its  own  disgrace. 

Some  days  before  surrendering  he  had  the  manli- 
ness and  the  foresight  to  acquaint  Capt.  Heald,  the  com- 
mander of  Fort  Dearborn,  of  the  situation,  to  warn  him  of 
the  impending  danger,  and  to  urge  upon  him  and  the  little 
garrison  the  expediency  of  evacuating  the  fort  and  retreat- 
ing to  Fort  Wayne,  if  they  believed  themselves  unable  to 
hold  out  against  an  attack  until  succor  should  reach  them. 
The  message  was  sent  in  ample  season,  and  was  entrusted  to 
Winnemac,  the  Pottawatomie  chief,  who  happened  to  be  at 
Detroit  at  the  time.  He  left  on  his  mission  July  28,  1812, 
and  arrived  safely  at  his  destination  on  Aug.  9.  This  was 
the  first  intimation  Fort  Dearborn  had  received  of  the  dec- 
laration of  war,  and  the  unfortunate  disasters  which  had  be- 
fallen the  Americans  at  Michilimacinac  and  Detroit.  The 
news  created  confusion  and  consternation,  bordering  upon 
panic.  To  add  to  the  horrors  of  the  situation  there  was 
anything  but  harmony  existing  between  Capt.  Heald  and 
his  subordinates.  On  the  receipt  of  Gen.  Hull's  communi- 
cation, Heald  determined  upon  evacuation,  without  consult- 
ing with  his  ofiicers,  in  spite  of  the  opposition  of  Kinzie 
and  against  the  opinion  of  Winnemac,  who  had  proved  his 
friendship  and  might  have  exerted  his  influence  to  prevent 
the  sad  results  which  followed.  Gen.  Hull  had  ordered 
that  the  supplies  contained  in  the  fort  be  distributed  among 
the  surrounding  Indians.  At  length  when  it  was  found  that 
Heald  was  fully  determined  to  evacuate,  Kinzie  begged  him 
to  do  so  at  once,  before  the  American  defeats  and  the  peril 
and  weakness  of  their  position  became  noised  among  the 
savages.  Heald,  who  was  bent  upon  obstinacy,  insisted  upon 
postponing  the  move  till  he  could  summon  all  the  Indians, 
in  order  to  divide  among  them  the  supplies.  Winnemac 
saw  clearly  the  danger  of  this  policy,  and  advised  that  the 


THE    BLOODY    BF.GINNING.  31 

fort  be  abandoned  witliout  delay,  with  everything  left  as  it 
was,  so  that  wliile  the  Indians  were  ransacking  the  place 
for  spoils,  and  gorging  themselves  with  the  provisions,  the 
garrison  might  safely  escape.  Heald  would  not  listen  to 
this  suggestion,  though  backed  by  Kinzie,  who  knew  the 
Indian  nature  thoroughly,  and  next  morning  at  roll  call  the 
original  plan  of  the  commander  was  read.  The  subordinate 
officers  that  afternoon  united  in  a  further  appeal  to  Capt. 
Heald,  laying  before  him  all  the  dangers  which  they  saw  in 
his  plans.  They  told  him  that  the  Indians  on  learning  of 
the  recent  disasters  to  .the  government  could  not  be  re- 
strained ;  that  their  friendship,  even  when  encouraged  by  a 
distribution  of  supplies,  would  be  but  a  frail  reed  to  rest 
upon,  and  that  not  even  the  popularity  of  Kinsie  among 
them  would  be  sufficient  to  stay  their  desire  for  pillage  and 
bloodshed  when  once  aroused.  They  also  raised  the  point 
that  their  retreat,  encumbered  as  it  must  be  by  women  and 
baggage,  would  be  slow,  and  that  it  were  better  to  hold  the 
position  and  wait  for  succor,  or  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the 
British,  than  to  run  the  risk  of  being  massacred  on  the  road 
by  the  pursuing  Indians.  But  all  to  no  avail.  The  subor- 
dinate officers  thenceforth  remained  silent.  Daily  the  num- 
ber of  Indians  increased  around  the  fort;  they  became  inso- 
lent, stared  impertinently  at  the  ladies,  used  their  fire-arms 
freely,  going  so  far  as  to  discharge  a  gun  in  one  of  the  la- 
dies' parlors,  and  behaved  themselves  generally  with  disre- 
spect, as  if  bent  on  mischief.  On  August  12,  a  council  of  Pot- 
tawatomies  was  assembled  and  called  to  order  by  Capt.  Heald 
in  the  presence  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  who  accompanied  him  to  the 
place  of  meeting  outside  the  palisades.  The  subordinate 
officers  refused  to  attend,  on  the  ground  that  they  had  reason 
to  suspect  that  the  Indians  would  turn  the  council  into  a 
massacre.  It  passed  off  peaceably  and  friendly  enough,  how- 
ever, Capt.  Heald  promising  to  evacuate  the  fort  and  distrib- 
ute the  supplies,  and  all  surplus  ammunition  and  arms  within 
the  garrison.      The  Indians  were  also  to  receive  a  ]il:)eral  re- 


32  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

ward  ill  money  before  starting,  and  an  additional  reward  on 
arriving  at  Fort  Wayne,  upon  their  promise  to  escort  the  gar- 
rison and  settlers  to  that  point  in  safety.  Capt.  Heald  ap- 
peared to  be  well  satisfied  with  these  arrangements,  but  his 
satisfaction  was  not  shared  by  tlie  others.  The  news  of  the 
American  defeats  had  been  withheld  from  the  Indians  by 
Capt.  Heald,  but  it  was  conveyed  to  them  quickly  by  Tecum- 
seh,  who  pronounced  this  a  glorious  opportunity  to  anni- 
hilate the  whites  and  drive  them  forever  out  of  the  hunting 
grounds  of  the  red  men. 

The  effect  of  this  intelligence  upon  the  Indians  was  at 
once  manifest.  They  became  more  offensive  than  ever.  At 
length  Heald  saw  his  mistake,  and  at  the  instance  of  Kinzie 
he  decided  to  destroy  all  the  ammunition  and  arms  which  were 
not  needed  by  his  men.  The  next  day  the  supplies,  consist- 
ing of  clothing,  ornaments  and  provisions,  were  distributed; 
but  the  Indians  plainly  exhibited  their  displeasure  and  dis- 
appointment that  the  arms,  ammunition  and  liquor  were 
withheld.  That  night  prowling  Indians  found  fragments 
of  muskets,  firelocks,  flints  and  broken  powder  casks  thrown 
in  a  well,  and  at  the  river  bank  a  number  of  headless  whis- 
key casks,  the  contents  of  which  had  been  emptied  into  the 
stream.  Reporting  these  discoveries  to  the  multitude  of  red 
skins  now  assembled,  their  indignation  knew  no  bounds. 
The  Indians  justly  looked  upon  this  act  of  Capt.  Heald  as 
a  piece  of  treachery,  depriving  them  of  the  gifts  which  they 
prized  most  highly,  and  as  Blanchard  says,  "  It  compro- 
mised all  the  good  fellowship  that  existed  between  the 
Indians  and  the  garrison,  on  which  alone  Capt.  Heald  had 
based  a  frail  hope  of  security.*' 

The  garrison  had  made  friends  among  the  chiefs. 
Black  Partridge  was  one  of  them.  Next  day  he  called  on 
Capt.  Heald  and  said,  "  Father,  I  come  to  deliver  up  to  you 
the  medal  I  wear.  It  was  given  me  by  the  Americans,  and 
I  have  long  worn  it  in  token  of  our  mutual  friendship,  but 
our  young  men  are  resolved  to  imbrue  their  han/Is  in  the 


^''3^ 


<f 


JOSEPH    B.   SHEPARD, 

Assistant  Secretary. 


THE    BLOODY    BEGINNING.  8:5 

blood  of  the  whites.  ■  I  cannot  restrain  them,  and  I  will  not 
wear  a  token  of  peace  while  I  am  compelled  to  act  as  an  en- 
emy." Brave  words  well  spoken.  They  came  when  the  pro- 
visions of  the  fort  had  been  given  away,  and  when  there 
were  but  twenty-five  rounds  of  amunition  to  a  man!  The 
contest  would  not  be  a  battle;  it  would  be  a  massacre. 

Rumors  of  the  threatened  danger  at  Fort  Dearborn  had 
reached  Fort  "Wayne.  Capt.  Wells,  stationed  there,  was  a 
brother  of  Mrs.  Hoald.  When  a  lad  he  had  been  taken 
captive  by  the  Indians,  and  was  reared  by  Little  Turtle,  a 
celebrated  warrior.  As  a  young  man  he  fought  side  by  side 
wnth  the  Indians  at  St.  Clair.  Grov/ing  older,  he  bade  his 
adopted  father  good  bye,  and  joined  Gen.  Wayne  in  1794. 
When  the  Revolution  closed  he  went  back  to  Little  Turtle, 
and  converted  the  chief  to  belief  in  the  Americans.  When 
the  war  of  1812  broke  out  he  reported  for  duty  at  Fort 
Wayne.  Hearing  of  the  danger  which  threatened  his  sister 
and  the  garrison  of  Fort  Dearborn,  he  speedily  departed  with 
fifteen  Miamis  to  the  rescue,  arriving  at  the  latter  place  on 
the  14th,  and  finding  the  garrison  without  hope  of  deliver- 
ance from  its  frightful  position.  Evacuation  at  any  cost  had 
been  determined  on,  as  starvation  was  the  only  alternative. 

It  was  agreed  that  on  the  next  morning  at  9  o'clock  the 
fort  should  be  evacuated,  and  the  march  begun  to  Fort 
Wayne.  Mr.  Kinzie  entrusted  his  family  to  the  care  of 
some  friendly  Indians,  and  had  volunteered  to  accompany 
the  troops,  his  influence  on  the  Indians  being  considered  a 
better  protection  than  the  muskets  of  the  soldiers.  That  morn- 
ing he  received  a  message  from  To-pe-nee-bee,  a  chief  of  the 
St.  Joseph's  band,  warning  him  that  the  Pottawatomies  who 
had  engaged  to  escort  the  garrison,  were  bent  upon  treach- 
ery, urging  him  not  to  accompany  the  troops,  and  promising 
that  a  boat  containing  himself  and  family  should  be  allowed 
to  pass  over  to  St.  Joseph  in  safety.  Kinzie  felt  his  respon- 
ibility  and  was  prepared   to   assume   it;   he  knew  that   his 


34  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

presence  with  the  retreating  party  would  to  some  extent,  at 
least,  prove  a  safeguard,  so  he  declined  to  take  advantage  of 
the  kindly  offer,  but  accepted  it  for  his  wife  and  children.  The 
latter  were  crowded  into  a  boat  and  rowed  to  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  where  a  messenger  from  To-pe-nee-bee  detained 
them.  Kinzie  bade  his  family  good  bye,  and  hastened  to 
join  the  garrison  party. 

The  evacuation  was  one  of  the  saddest  spectacles  that 
one  could  imagine.  As  the  inmates  left  the  palisades,  they 
were  preceded  by  the  post  band  which  played  the  Dead 
March.  Not  a  man  or  a  woman  among  them  expected  to 
reach  Fort  Wayne.  They  felt,  one  and  all,  that  their  doom 
was  sealed.  Capt.  Wells  led  the  little  band  of  Miamas, 
which  formed  the  van.  He  had  blackened  his  face  in  token 
it  is  said,  of  his  impending  fate. 

The  evacuating  party  consisted  of  the  garrison,  about 
sixty-five  men,  officers  included,  the  Miamis  and  leader, 
sixteen  men,  the  wives  and  children  of  the  officers,  soldiers 
and  settlers,  some  half-breeds  and  a  few  friendly  Indians — 
about  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  persons,  all  told.  They 
took  their  route  along  the  southern  shore  of  the  lake. 
Extending  from  the  water's  edge  to  the  center  of  the  block 
between  the  present  Michigan  and  Wabash  avenues,  was  the 
beach.  This  was  skirted  by  a  range  of  sand  hills.  To  the 
west  of  these  hills,  or  from,  say  State  street  inward,  was 
the  prairie,  or  swamp  lands,  dry  in  the  month  of  August, 
1812.  The  little  band  of  whites  and  their  Indian  friends 
marched  on  the  beach,  the  line  of  which  had  been  used  as 
the  common  highway  heretofore.  Much  to  their  alarm,  the 
Pottawatomies  took  the  prairie  on  the  west  side  of  the  sand 
ridge.     This  looked  suspicious  to  begin  with. 

They  must  have  reached  a  point  on  the  shore  at  the  pres- 
ent Eighteenth  street,  when  Capt.  Wells,  who  had  been  rid- 
ing in  advance,  came  galloping  back  to  the  main  body  with 
the    announcement:      "  Tliev     are     about     to     attn'-k     us; 


PATRICK    LAMEY, 
Veteiinaiy  Swgeon,   Police  Department. 


THE    BLOODY    BEGINNING.  35 

(meaning  the  Pottawatomie  escort)  form  instantly  and 
charge  upon  them!  " 

These  words  were  echoed  by  a  volley  from  the  openings 
between  the  sand-hills.     The  massacre  had  begun. 

Great  credence  is  placed  upon  the  story  of  the  massacre 
told  by  Mrs.  Helm,  wife  of  the  Lieutenant,  and  step-daughter 
of  John  Kinzie.  She  was  an  eye  witness  of  the  attack,  and 
had  an  opportunity  of  observing,  as  well  as  a  bewildered 
and  frightened  woman  could,  the  terrible  beginning  of  the 
assault.  But  owing  to  the  ill-feeling  prevailing  among  the 
garrison  officers  it  is  very  fair  to  presume  that  she  dealt 
rather  severely  with  the  conduct  of  several  of  the  principals 
on  the  white  side,  in  her  narrative.  She  tells  for  instance  of 
the  cowardly  conduct  of  the  Surgeon,  Dr.  Van  Voorhees,  who 
was  almost  immediately  tomahawked,  and  casts  reflection 
upon  the  behavior  of  Capt.  Heald,  while  she  lauds  the  behav- 
ior of  Ensign  Ronan,  her  husband  and  her  father.  It  is  very 
likely  that  all  conducted  themselves  as  well  as  men  generally 
do  when  placed  in  such  a  terrible  position.  Mrs.  Helm  was 
carried  off  the  field  to  a  place  of  safety  at  the  lake  shore, 
and  hidden  almost  under  the  water  by  no  other  than  the 
faithful  chief.  Black  Partridge,  who  saved  other  lives  that 
day. 

At  the  very  first  discharge  of  the  enemies'  muskets, 
Capt.  Wells'  band  of  Miamis  precipitately  fled  across  the  prai- 
rie, and  left  the  others  to  their  fate.  The  Miami  chief,  after 
accusing  the  Pottawatomie  chief  of  treachery,  and  uttering 
a  threat  of  future  vengeance,  followed  his  flying  braves. 

The  whites  fought  with  all  the  courage  and  energy  of 
desperation.  One  after  another,  the  charges  of  the  Potta- 
watomies  were  repulsed  with  great  losses  on  both  sides.  Ensign 
Ronan,  mortally  wounded,  and  kneeling  in  the  sand,  loaded 
and  fired  with  deadly  precision  until  he  fell  exhausted.  Kin- 
zie'and  Capt.  Wells  were  fighting  like  madmen  to  protect  the 
women  and  children.  Presently,  while  the  whites  were 
charging  on  a  squad  of  Indians  hidden  in  a  ravine,  a  young 


36  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

Indian  brute  climbed  into  a  baggage  wagon  in  which  were 
the  children  of  white  families,  twelve  in  number,  and 
slaughtered  every  one  of  them.  The  number  of  whites  had 
been  reduced  to  twenty-eight  after  hard  fighting  near  the 
ravine.  The  little  band,  according  to  Mrs.  Helm,  succeeded 
in  breaking  through  the  enemy  and  gaining  a  rising  ground 
not  far  from  Oakwoods.  The  contest  now  seemed  hopeless, 
and  Lieutenant  Helm  sent  Peresh  Leclerc,  a  half-breed 
boy  in  the  service  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  who  had  accompanied 
the  detachment  and  fought  manfully  on  their  side,  to  pro- 
pose terms  of  capitulation.  It  was  stipulated  that  the  lives 
of  all  the  survivors  should  be  spared  and  a  ransom  permitted 
as  soon  as  possible. 

It  was  then  that  tidings  came  of  the  massacre  of  the 
children.  "Is  this  their  game?"  cried  Capt.  Wells,  "butch- 
ering the  women  and  children?    Then  I  will  kill,  too!" 

So  saying,  he  started  for  the  Indian  camp  where 
the  Indians  had  left  their  squaws  and  children,  pursued 
closely  by  Pottawatomies.  "  He  laid  himself  flat  on  the 
neck  of  his  horse,  loading  and  firing  in  that  position,  as  he 
would  occasionally  turn  on  his  pursuers.  At  length  their 
balls  took  efiect,  killing  his  horse  and  seriously  wounding 
himself.  At  this  moment  he  was  met  by  Winnemac  and 
Wau  ban-see  who  endeavored  to  save  him  from  the  savages 
who  had  now  overtaken  him.  As  they  supported  him  along, 
after  having  disengaged  him  from  his  horse,  he  received  his 
death  blow  from  another  Indian,  Pee-so-tum,  who  stabbed 
him  in  the  back."  His  heart  according  to  a  historian  of  Ill- 
inois (Brown)  was  afterward  taken  out,  cut  to  pieces  and  dis- 
tributed among  the  tribes.  Mrs.  Corbin,  wife  of  a  soldier, 
surrounded  by  savages,  fought  like  a  tigress  and  refused  to 
surrender,  although  safety  and  kind  treatment  was  prom- 
ised her,  and  was  finally  cut  to  pieces.  Sergeant  Holt  find- 
ing himself  mortally  wounded  by  a  ball  in  tlie  neck,  gave  his 
sword  to  his  wife  who  was  on  horseback,  telling  her  to  de- 
fend   herself.      She    too  was  surrounded   by  Indians    who 


THE    BLOODY    BEGINNING.  87 

endeavored  to  capture  her  alive.  She  fought  with  mad  des- 
peration, and  finally  broke  away  from  the  annihilating  party 
and  tied  to  the  prairie.  The  Indians  admired  her  bravery, 
and  the  cry  followed  her  pursuers  to  save  her  life.  She  was 
at  length  seized  from  behind.  She  was  afterward  turned 
over  to  a  trader  on  the  Illinois  river,  and  later  restored  to 
her  friends.  Mrs.  Heald,  who  was  wounded,  was  on  the 
point  of  being  scalped,  when  near  the  boat  occupied  by 
the  Kinzies,  to  which  spot  she  had  been  conducted  by  her 
captor,  when  a  friendly  Indian  under  the  instructions  of 
Mrs.  Kinzie,  saved  the  lady's  life  by  making  the  savage  a 
present  of  a  mule,  and  a  promise  of  ten  gallons  of  whiskey. 
Mr.  Kinzie,  later  in  the  day,  extracted  a  ball  that  had  pene- 
trated her  arm.  The  Kinzie  family  were  protected  during 
the  massacre,  and  afterward  removed  to  their  home  near  the 
fort. 

The  battle  was  over  by  this  time.  The  whites  had  sur- 
rendered after  the  loss  of  about  two-thirds  of  their  number. 
Notwithstanding  the  terms  of  the  armistice,  that  the  lives 
of  all  the  survivors  should  be  spared  and  protected  until 
ransomed,  the  Indians  slaughtered  a  large  number  of  the 
wounded. 

At  the  fort  during  the  massacre,  the  Indians  left  behind 
had  begun  the  work  of  destruction.  "  The  cattle  were  shot 
down  as  they  ran  at  large,  and  lay  dead  and  dying  around, 
but  it  was  not  until  next  morning  that  the  torch  was  applied, 
which  now  left  nothing  but  blackened  debris  to  mark  the  spot 
where  the  fort  had  stood." 

Kinzie's  family  was  threatened  with  destruction  later, 
and  there  was  more  or  less  atrocious  barbarity  and  blood- 
shed afterward,  several  prisoners  being  murdered  in  cold 
blood  on  the  day  following  the  fight,  but  the  worst  was  over. 
Black  Partridge,  Winnemac  and  other  friendly  chiefs  did 
their  utmost  to  insure  the  safety  of  the  few  survivors,  and 
to  them  is  due  the  fact  that  a  solitary  white  face  or  half- 
breed  was  permitted  to  escape.      Once  when  the  massacre  of 


iiS  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

Kinzie's  family  and  all  the  other  survivors  had  been  deter- 
mined on  in  spite  of  the  protests  of  the  friendly  chiefs,  Billy 
Caldwell,  a  chief  of  the  Pottawatomie  nation,  whose  father 
was  a  British  officer,  and  mother  a  Wyandotte  woman,  saved 
their  lives  by  his  sudden  appearance  and  an  admirable  piece 
of  diplomacy,  through  which  he  made  the  Indians  feel 
ashamed  of  their  cowardly  proceedings  and  treachery. 

Three  days  after  the  massacre,  John  Kinzie  and  family 
were  conducted  to  St.  Joseph,  the  wife  and  children  being 
permitted  later  to  leave  for  Detroit,  where  he  joined  them 
in  the  following  January.  Capt.  Heald  and  his  wife,  both 
wounded,  were  also  sent  across  the  lake  to  St.  Joseph.  Lieut. 
Helm,  also  wounded,  was  conveyed  liy  more  friendly  Indians 
to  their  village  at  An  Sable.  Later  lie  ami  his  wife,  arriving 
at  Detroit,  w^cre  arrested  by  the  British  and  subjected  to 
various  indignities  and  brutalities.  Mrs.  Burns  with 
her  infant  became  the  prisoners  of  a  chief  who  carried  them  to 
his  village,  and  afterwards  were  liberated.  Mr.  Lee,  his  son 
and  all  the  other  members  of  the  household  at  ''Lee's  Place" 
on  the  river,  except  Mrs.  Lee  and  her  infant,  fell  victims  on 
the  15th  of  August.  Black  Partridge  saved  the  mother  and 
child  from  the  infuriated  savacjes  during  the  massacre.  The 
noble  chief  later  proposed  marriage  to  this  woman,  but  was  in- 
duced to  give  her  up  for  a  liberal  ransom.  The  man  who  paid 
the  ransom,  a  trader,  Mr.  Du  Pois,  afterward  married  her 
himself. 

Chicago  toward  the  close  of  181"2  and  until  the  4:th  day 
July  1816,  just  thirteen  years  after  the  arrival  of  Capt.  Whist- 
ler, was  as  desolate  a  spot  as  it  had  been  one  hundred  and  fifty 
years  before.  At  the  close  of  the  war  of  1812,  that  is  to  say 
in  1814,  the  project  of  constructing  a  new  fort  to  replace  the 
one  destroyed,  was  broached  in  Congress,  and  President 
Madison  in  the  same  year  called  the  attention  of  that  body 
to  the  necessity  of  a  canal  that  would  connect  Lake  Michigan 
with  the  Illinois  and  the  Mississippi  rivers.  It  was  also  sug- 
gested about  this  time,   that  a  line  of  f<n'ts  be  constructed 


EDWARD    LOUC.HLIN, 
Lieut.   Comdc-   Haf  risen   St.   District. 


THE    BLOODY    BEGINNING.  39 

along  the  water  highway  from  Chicago  to  St.  Louis.  Pres- 
ident Madison's  suggestion  is  said  to  be  the  first  expression 
ever  given  to  the  idea  which  afterward  was  carried  out  in  the 
construction  of  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal.  The  con- 
struction of  the  new  Fort  Dearborn  was  placed  in  the  hands 
of  Capt.  Hezekiah  Bradley,  who  arrived  with  his  detachment 
on  July  4,  1816. 

"  The  bones  of  the  victims  of  1812,"  says  Blanchard, 
"  still  lay  scattered  over  the  sand  drifts,  amongst  the  sparse 
growth  of  bunch  grass  and  stunted  shrubbery  that  grew 
there,  and  thus  remained  till  1822,  when  they  were  care- 
fully gathered  and  buried  with  the  measured  respect  of  mil- 
itary etiquette,  and  they  are  now  a  part  of  the  dust  beneath 
the  feet  of  a  countless  throng  of  busy  citizens." 

The  new  fort  occupied  the  exact  site  of  the  one  de- 
stroyed, and  resembled  it  somewhat  in  structure,  there  being 
block  houses,  store  houses,  etc.,  surrounded  by  palisades. 
The  government  at  this  time  also  ordered  a  survey  of  the 
water-course  between  Chicago  and  the  Illinois  river,  which 
was  conducted  by  Maj.  Long.  Mr.  John  Kinzie  and  family 
returned  to  Chicago  during  the  summer  and  occupied  the 
old  residence  which  the  Indians  had  respected;  a  treaty  was 
concluded  during  the  same  year,  with  the  Ottawas,  Chippe- 
was  and  Pottawatomies,  which  practically  resulted  in  freeing 
Northern  Illinois  of  the  presence  of  the  savages.  Commu- 
nication had  been  opened  with  towns  and  settlements  in 
Southern  Illinois.  The  tide  of  emigration  had  begun 
to  flow  toward  the  West.  The  waste  places  were  taken  up 
rapidly  under  the  homestead  act.  Illinois  was  admitted  into 
the  Union  in  1818.  Chicago  began  to  assume  the  appear- 
ance of  a  thrifty  village,  and  from  that  time  on,  though 
interrupted  now  and  then  by  dreadful  calamities,  her  course 
has  been  upward  and  onward. 


40 


THE    CHICAGO    TOLICE. 


CHAPTER   III. 

PROM  1S29  TO  1837— THE  LAST  ATTEMPT  OF  THE  INDIANS  TO  DRIVE  THE 
WHITE  INVADERS  BACK— CHICAGO  SURVEYED  AND  PLATTED  AS  A  VIL- 
LAGE—THE VILLAGE  GOVEIlNMENT- TOWN  ORGANIZATION  UNDER  A 
BOARD  OF  TRUSTEE?— TOWN  AND  POLICE  CONSTABLES-ONE  OF  THE 
FIRST  RECORDED  POLICE  CASES— PRIMITIVE  METHOD  OF  DEALING 
WITH  A  THIEF— INCORPORATION  OF  THE  CITY— THE  FIRST  HIGH  CON 
STABLE. 

Indian  disturbances  from  time  to  time  menaced  tlie  peace 
of  Chicago  after  the  rebuilding  of  Fort  Dearborn,  the  most 
notable  event  of  the  kind,  culminating  in  the  "  Winnebago 
troubles,"  in  1827,  but  nothing  of  a  serious  nature  trans- 
pired within  the  limits  of  the  village,  and  the  slow  but 
steady  progress  of  the  settlement  was  practically  uninter- 
rupted. The  name  "Chicago"  first  appeared  in  a  school 
atlas  about  this  time.  The  fur  trade  had  groAvn  to  very 
considerable  proportions.  AVool  was  cultivated  to  some  ex- 
tent, but  commanded  very  low  prices.  In  1829,  Chicago 
was  surveyed  and  platted  into  village  lots.  The  legislature, 
sitting  at  Vandalia,  had  taken  preliminary  steps  looking  to 
the  construction  of  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal,  but  cir- 
cumstances arose  which  prevented  the  completion  of  the 
■work  for  many  years  afterward.  In  1830,  there  were  thirty 
votes  cast  in  the  village,  Reynolds,  the  Jackson  candidate 
for  governor,  receiving  twenty-two  of  them,  and  three- 
fourths  of  all  the  voters  were  French  or  half-breeds.  The 
judges  at  the  election  were  Russell  E.  Heacock,  Chicago's 
first  lawyer,  Gen.  John  Baptiste  Beaubien  and  James  Kin- 
zie.  The  clerks  were  Medard  B.  Beaubien  and  Jesse  Walker. 
Cook  comity  was  organized  in   March,    1831.     Col.   R.    J. 


JOHN  BYRNE, 
Lieut.   Comdg.  Harrison    St.  District. 


UNDER     THE     CONSTABULAKY.  41 

Hamilton,  accordiii<;  t^)  William  Bross'  history,  became  in 
the  course  of  a  siuyle  your,  probate  judge,  recorder,  county 
clerk,  treasurer  and  commissioner  of  scihools,  some  of  which 
duties  lie  fulfilled  without  gratuity.  "  The  county  of  Cook, 
in  1831,  embraced  all  the  territory  now  included  in  the  coun- 
ties of  Lake,  McHenrj^,  DuPage,  Will  and  Iroi^uois,"  says 
Mr,  Bross.  No  mention  is  made  of  a  police  force  in  those 
days,  but,  judging  from  the  number  of  taverns  in  the  place, 
we  might  suppose  that  a  few  constables  could  have  been 
kept  moderately  well  occupied.  There  were  two  companies 
of  infantry  in  the  fort,  conjiuanded  by  Major  FoAvle,  and  the 
prominent  citizens  were  Elijah  Wentworth,  James  Kinzie, 
AYilliam  Lee,  Robert  A.  Kinzie,  Samuel  Miller,  John  Miller, 
Mark  Beaubien,  J.  B.  Beaubien,  Dr.  E.  Harmon,  James  Har- 
rington, Dr.  Walcott,  and  the  blacksmith,  a  Mr.  McKee. 
All  of  the  above  were  active  men,  some  of  them  keeping 
taverns,  others  grocery  stores,  others  dry  goods  stores,  and 
others  trading  with  the  Indians,  or  combining  professional 
with  commercial  pursuits.  The  settlement  nearest  to  Chi- 
cago was  Naperville,  called  after  the  first  settler.  Galena 
was  at  this  time  quite  a  prosperous  mining  town.  "  Chicago 
was  yet  essentially  an  Indian  town,"  says  Blanchard.  "  Pel- 
tries and  furs,  guns,  blankets,  kettles,  knives,  hatchets,  ver- 
milion and  whisky  were  its  stock  in  trade,  and  Indians 
were  its  suppliers  and  consumers.  Quiet  reigned  then 
because  no  one  had  occasion  to  offend  the  Indians,  and 
when  they  became  intoxicated  the  squaws  took  care  to  keej) 
sober  in  order  to  restrain  them."  "  The  Pottawatomies 
paid  one-half  the  expense  of  building  the  first  bridge  from 
the  South  to  the  West  Side,"  says  JVestern  Annals. 

It  was  in  1831  that  the  Black  Hawk  war  broke  out.  In- 
teresting as  t]:e  story  would  be,  it  is  not  necessary  here  to 
follow  the  details  of  that  memorable  conflict — the  last  effort 
of  the  Indian  tribes  in  the  Mississippi  valley  to  check  the 
progress  of  the  white  settlers.  It  was  the  desperate  attempt 
of  a  doomed  race  to  assert  itself  against  the  growing  power 


42    .  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

of  a  grasping  invader — the  last  united  struggle  of  a  hunted 
people,  driven  from  point  to  point  across  half  a  continent, 
to  make  a  stand  against  the  Ano^lo-Saxon  host  that  robbed 
them  of  their  inheritance  and  threatened  them  sooner  or  later 
with  annihilation.  The  Black  Hawk  contest  was  a  terrible 
one  for  the  whites,  a  fatal  one  for  the  Indians.  It  plunged 
the  young  state  of  Illinois  into  all  the  horrors  of  a  ]>arbar- 
ous  insurrection,  and  made  her  prairies  and  wooded  river- 
banks  the  scenes  of  most  atrocious  outrages  and  diabolical 
massacres.  It  brought  consternation  and  panic  into  every 
border  settlement  and  made  Chicaero  the  refuo:e  of  the 
frightened  whites,  who  ilocked  for  protection  under  the  guns 
of  Fort  Dearborn.  Inside  the  palisades  of  the  fort,  in  a 
very  few  days.  Gen.  Scott's  command,  which  had  been  or- 
dered to  the  AVest  to  assist  in  suppressing  the  Indian  upris- 
ing, suffered  a  loss  of  90  men  from  that  most  frightful  of  all 
diseases,  the  Asiatic  cholera,  and  the  whitened  bones  of  these 
unfortunate  men  were  exposed  ])y  the  erosion  of  the  lake, 
ten  years  afterward  (about  1840, )  in  their  burying  ground 
on  the  lake  front,  foot  of  Madison  street.  Thirty  of  their 
comrades  had  perished  on  the  steamer  which  brought  Gen. 
Scott's  troops  to  Chicago.  Tlie  Black  Hawk  war  was  the 
school  in  which  many  American  heroes  received  their  train- 
ing. One  in  particular  the  memory  of  readers  will  recall — 
Abraham  Lincoln — but  many  of  the  officers  and  men  who 
served  in  this  contest,  proved  themselves  to  be  skilled  and 
courageous  soldiers  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  while  some  of 
them  who,  as  boys,  had  joined  in  tlie  pursuit  of  Black  Hawk's 
warriors,  fought  with  distinguished  brilliancy  in  the  rebel- 
lion. 

The  Indians  were  scattered,  driven,  killed,  until  but  a 
remnant  remained,  to  be  removed  beyond  the  possibility  of 
causing  further  annoyance  to  the  white  invader.  '"The  con- 
quest of  the  northwest  was  now  completed.  The  spasmodic 
throe  of  a  lingering  native  power  that  had  been  quickenec? 


INDEIJ     THE     CONSTABULARY.  ,      4;? 

into  a  fleeting  activity  by  the  courage  of  Black   Hawk,   iia  I 
vanished." 

It  was  on  August  10th,  li<3;3,  tliat  Chicago  became  or- 
ganized as  a  town  under  the  general  laws  of  tho  state,  and 
at  the  election  held  that  day  only  twenty-eight  votes  were 
cast.  A  boai'd  of  trustees  was  elected,  consisting  of  P.  J. 
V.  Owen,  George  W.  Dale,  Medard  Beaubien,  John  Miller 
and  E.  S.  Kimberly.  One  of  the  first  measures  of  public 
utility  was  the  construction  of  a  log  house  to  answer  the 
purpose  of  a  jail,  in  the  public  square  where  the  City  Hall 
and  Court  House  now  stand.  Another  public  building  was 
shortly  afterward  added.  It  was  an  estray  pen,  or  pound, 
and  the  total  cost  of  the  same  was  twelve  dollars.  Under 
the  preceding  Board  of  Trustees  one  of  the  greatest  pul)- 
lic  improvements  demanded  Avas  the  building  of  ditches  on 
either  side  of  Claik  street,  then  the  leading  street  of  the 
town,  so  as  to  make  the  thoroug  hf  are  passable.  The  treasury 
was  empty  and  the  president  of  the  Board  was  driven  to  the 
necessity  of  negotiating  a  loan  for  sixty  dollars  in  order  to 
carry  out  the  work.  This  amount  was  expended  faithfully 
and  the  debt  was  paid  on  maturity.  It  is  mentioned  here 
because  it  was  perhaps  the  first  financial  transaction  ever 
entered  into  by  Chicago  as  an  organized  community. 

In  1833  the  Chicago  Democrat  was  established  by  John 
Calhoun,  whose  daughter  married  Col.  J.  K.  C.  Forest,  at 
present  the  oldest  active  journalist  of  this  city.  The  pub- 
lication of  the  first  copy  of  this  paper  marked  an  epoch  in 
local  history.  The  fact  that  it  was  fairly  prosperous  from 
the  beginning  proves  that  intelligence  and  enterprise  were 
even  then  prominent  characteristics  of  Chicago  people.  On. 
the  11th  of  June,  1834,  the  following  significant  "item"  ap- 
peared in  this  paper  : 

Hardly  u  vessel  arrives  that  is  not  crowded  with  emiirrants,  and  Ihe 
stage  thatnowruns  twice  a  week  from  the  East  is  thronged  with  travelers 
The  steamboat  Pioneer,  which  now  performs  her  regular  trips  lo  yt 
Joseph,  is  also  a  great  accommodation  to  the  traveling  community 
Loaded  teams  and  covered  wagons,  laden  with  families  and  goods,  are 
daily  arriviu^r  and  settling  upon  the  country  back. 


44    •  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

The  tide  which  has  continued  to  flow  up  to  the  present  day, 
Avas  setting  in.  "  During  the  summer  of  1833,"  says  Colbert's 
history,  "not  less  than  160  frame  houses  were  erected  and  the 
number  of  stores  increased  from  five  or  six  to  25."  From 
the  same  source  we  learn  that  the  year  1834  "witnessed  the 
establishment  of  closer  relations  with  other  points  east  and 
west."  On  the  30th  of  the  same  month  (April),  the  corpora- 
tion announced  that  emigration  had  fairly  set  in,  as  more 
than  100  parsons  had  arrived  by  boat  and  otherwise  during 
the  preceding  ten  days.  On  Saturday,  July  11th,  the 
schooner  Illinois,  the  first  large  vessel  that  ever  entered  the 
river,  sailed  into  the  harbor  amid  great  acclamations,  the 
sand  having  been  washed  away  by  the  freshet  of  the  spring 
previous.  In  its  issue  of  Sept.  3d,  the  Democrat  stated  that 
150  vessels  had  discharged  their  cargoes  at  the  port  of  Chicago, 
since  the  20th  of  April  preceding.  "  The  total  number  of 
votes  polled  in  the  whole  county  of  Cook,  this  year,  was  528. 
The  poll  list  of  Chicago  had  increased  to  111  out  of  a  pop- 
ulation of  400,  besides  200  soldiers  in  the  fort.  It  is  note- 
worthy that  not  less  that  13  of  the  111  were  candidates  for 
office  at  the  October  election." 

We  learn  from  Colbert's  work,  also,  that  in  the  spring  of 
1834  stage  communication  was  opened  up  between  Chicago  and 
the  country  westward,  by  means  of  J.  T.  Temple's  line  for 
St.  Louis,  the  line  for  Ottawa  being  piloted  out  by  John  D. 
Caton,  who  had  previously  been  over  the  unmarked  miles  on 
horse-back.  A  large  black  bear  was  seen  on  the  morning  of 
October  Ctli,  in  a  strip  of  timber  on  the  corner  of  Market 
and  Jackson  streets.  He  was  shot,  and  the  people  afterward 
"got  up  a  game  wolf  hunt  in  the  same  neighborhood  and 
killed  not  less  than  forty  of  those  animals  before  nightfall. 
It  was  just  at  this  point,  thirty-seven  years  after,  almost  to 
a  day,  that  the  flames  leaped  across  the  river  from  the  west 
division  and  swept  northward  to  the  limits  of  the  city."  In 
this  year  a  drawbridge  was  built  across  the  river  at  Dearborn 
street;  active  measures  w^ere  taken  to  prevent  the  spread  of 


JOHN  E.   FITZPATRICK, 
Diill  Master  and  Lieut.,    Centtal  Detail. 


UNDER    THE    CONSTABULARY.  45 

cholera,  and  a  committee  was  authorized  to  buikl  a  cholera 
hospital,  if  the  disease  should  make  its  appearance  in  the 
town;  the  first  Sunday  licpior  law  was  passed;  the  sum  of 
forty  dollars  was  paid  for  repairing  bridges,  and  the  town 
was  divided  into  four  wards  "by  an  ordinance  intended  to 
prevent  fires."  "  Prior  to  this  year,"  says  the  same  author- 
ity, "all  the  stores  were  located  on  South  Water  street — 
indeed,  Lake  street  and  all  the  streets  southward  of  it,  only 
existed  on  paper."  In  the  autumn  of  1834,  Thomas  Church 
erected  a  store  on  Lake  street  which  was  soon  the  busiest  in 
the  whole  town.  The  packing  statistics  of  the  year  show 
that  Mr.  Clybourn  packed  GOO  cattle  and  more  than  3,000 
hogs,  in  a  packing  house  of  his  own,  recently  built  on  the 
south  branch.  The  same  year  Gurdon  S.  Hubbard  packed 
5,000  hogs  on  the  corner  of  Lake  and,  LaSalle  streets.  The 
first  watei*works  of  the  future  city  was  established  about  this 
time,  the  sum  of  $95.50  being  paid  for  the  digging,  stoning, 
and  stone  of  a  well  in  Kinzie's  addition  on  the  North  Side. 
In  1835,  numerous  hotels  were  added  to  those  already  in 
existence  under  the  name  of  taverns.  Among  these  was  the 
Tremont  House,  which  had  been  erected,  however,  the  year 
previous  on  the  spot  where  its  magnificent  successor  stands 
to-day.  The  Green  Tree,  the  Saganash,  the  Gra  ves  and  the 
Tremont  Avere  the  leading  hostelries  in  those  days.  About 
this  time  the  town  ventured  upon  another  financial  transac- 
tion. The  treasurer  was  authorized  to  borrow  $2,000,  at 
jiot  more  than  10  per  cent,  interest,  payable  in  twelve  months. 
Rather  than  face  the  responsibility  he  resigned,  and  his  res- 
ignation was  followed  by  that  of  the  street  commissioner.  An- 
other notable  event  of  this  year  (1834)  was  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Democrafs  rival,  the  Ohicago  American.  In 
1835,  two  additional  buildings  were  erected  in  Court  House 
square — a  brick  structure  for  the  use  of  the  county  officers, 
and  an  engine  house,  costing  $220.  •  The  first  fire  engine 
was  bought  in  December  of  the  same  year  for  $896.38,  and  a 


46  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

second  ordered,  and  the  first  fire  company  was  organized 
two  days  afterward. 

It  was  some  time  afterward  that  the  legislature  passed 
an  act  (approved  February  11,  1853),  including  all  the  land 
east  of  State  street  from  Twelfth  street  to  Chicago  avenue, 
within  the  corporate  limits,  except  the  Fort  Dearborn  res- 
ervation, lying  between  Madison  street  and  the  river,  which 
should  not  belong  to  the  town  until  vacated  by  the  United 
States.  This  was  the  original  600  acres,  the  ownership  of 
which  induced  the  government  to  establish  a  military  post 
here  in  the  first  place.  South  Water  street  property,  with 
wharfing  privileges,  sold  toward  the  close  of  the  year  at  $25 
per  front  foot. 

In  1836,  the  schooner  Clarissa  was  built  on  the  river 
front,  and  a  large  assemblage  visited  the  first  launching  in 
the  town.  This  year,  also,  ground  was  broken  for  the  Illi- 
nois and  Michigan  canal.  The  dream  of  the  earliest  settlers 
was  about  to  be  realized.  In  order  to  exhibit  the  remark- 
able growth  of  Chicago  as  a  commercial  point,  between  33 
and  '36,  the  following  will  serve  as  an  illustration: 

NUMBEK  OF  VESSELS   AKKIVED.  TONNAGE. 

1833 4 700 

1834,- 176 5,000 

1835 250 22,000 

1836 450 60,000 

The  town  was  indeed  making  remarkable  progress  in 
every  direction,  and  soon  it  became  evident  that  her  first 
corporate  garments  were  becoming  too  small  for  her.  She 
was  resolved  upon  being  a  "  city,"  and  her  career  as  a  town 
ended  on  the  3d  of  March,  1837,  On  the  4th,  by  an  act  of 
the  legislature,  she  was  incorporated  as  a  city,  and  William 
B,  Ogden,  the  democratic  candidate,  was  elected  mayor  over 
John  H.  Kinzie,  who  ran  on  the  whig  ticket.  Tho  former 
received  469  votes,  the  latter  237.  The  South  division  cast 
408  votes,  the  North  204,  and  the  West  97  at  this  election. 
We  have  now  followed  the  early  history  of  Chicago 
down  to  a  point  where  minor  events  must  henceforth  sink 


UNDER     THE     COMSTABULAHY.  47 

into  insi»2^nificance,  aud  Ave  pass  into  a  period  which  gives 
attention  only  to  enterprises  of  great  moment.  It  is  neither 
possible  nor  expedient  to  follow,  within  the  scope  of  this 
work,  the  manifold  interests  which  have  contributed  since 
1S37  toward  making  Chicago  one  of  the  most  remarkable,  most 
prosperous  and  most  popuh)us  cities  on  the  globe.  That  is 
a  work  already  well  performed  by  others.  Our  mission  now 
is  to  tell  how  the  peace  has  been  preserved  in  Chicago  all 
these  years;  how  order  has  been  maintained  among  a  popu- 
lace embracing  representatives  from  every  civilized,  semi- 
civilized  and  uncivilized  land  on  the  face  of  the  earth ;  how 
the  passions  and  the  vices  of  avaricious  and  turbulent  seek- 
ers after  wealth  have  been  held  in  check;  how  crime,  the 
inevitable  companion  of  such  phenomenal  growth  in  popula- 
tion and  wealth,  has  been  restrained,  and  how  the  property 
and  persons  of  the  people  who  have  flocked  in  hundreds  of 
thousands  to  this  city  from  every  point  of  the  compass  have 
been  protected. 

Not  all  of  those  who  poured  into  Chicago  in  the  early 
days  were  people  bent  upon  making  an  honest  fight  for 
life,  for  fortune  or  for  happiness.  While  the  thriving  city 
that  grew  up  around  the  Fort  Dearborn  reservation  drew 
very  largely  upon  the  honest  and  hardy  yeomanry  of  the 
East,  and  attracted,  at  first  by  hundreds  and  afterward  ly 
thousands,  the  brightest  and  most  energetic  citizens  of  older 
towns  and  cities,  and  while  as  a  rule  the  people  who  turned 
their  eyes  and  their  footsteps  toward  Chicago,  and  made  it 
their  abiding  place,  proved  themselves  deser^dng  of  all  the 
blessir.gs  of  freedom  and  self-government — yet  the  spirit  of 
adventure,  the  thirst  for  easily-acquired  gain,  the  easily-ac- 
quired gain  itself,  the  opportunities  for  the  dishonestly- 
inclined,  the  looseness  of  a  ha  ^-organized  society,  the  swell- 
ing tide  of  unregulated  European  immigration,  the  tempta- 
tions of  a  city  where  women  were  greatly  in  the  minority, 
where  Homes  were  scarce,  the  very  prosperity  of  the  place, 
and  the  advantages  which  it  held  out  to  all,  from  the  black- 


48  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

leg  to  the  banker,  from  the  thief  to  tlie  mechanic,  contrib- 
uted toward  the  collection  of  elements  which  required  the 
unremitting  vigilance  of  good  citizens  to  hold  in  check. 

As  far  back  as  1850,  Chicago  had  an  unenviable  reputation 
throughout  the  country,  and  she  became  known  as  the  wick- 
edest city  in  America  before  she  had  attained  her  majority. 
It  is  not  necessary  here  to  attempt  any  defense  of  the  city's 
morality,  nor  to  endeavor  to  disprove  the  charges  made  against 
her  from  time  to  time.  We  remember  very  well  that  iKe 
great  fire  was  spoken  of  in  a  thousand  pulpits  throughout 
the  land  as  the  visitation  of  an  angry  Providence,  and  that 
the  destruction  of  the  greater  part  of  this  city  was  pointed 
out  to  intelligent  audiences  by  learned  men  as  the  fall  of  the 
second  Sodom.  That  Chicago  deserved  much  of  the  odium 
which  was  cast  upon  her  there  is  no  denying,  but  that  she 
could  not  have  been  anything  other  than  she  was  is  unques- 
tionable. She  had  in  her  wonderful  growth  received  as  sus- 
tenance and  nourishment  the  very  cream  of  the  world's 
population;  that  she  was  compelled  to  swallow  much  of  the 
scum  of  civilization  was  the  penalty  her  sudden  rise  from 
obscurity  into  greatness  imposed  upon  her. 

The  first  constable  of  whom  we  have  any  record  was  Arch- 
ibald Clybourn,  and  he  was  appointed  before  the  organiza- 
tion of  Cook  county.  "  He  was  made  constable  of  the  First 
Precinct  of  Peoria  county,  comprising  all  that  part  of  the 
country  east  of  the  mouth  of  the  DuPage  river,  where  it 
empties  its  waters  into  Aux  Plains  river.  This  was  rather  a 
hard  beat  for  a  constable  even  in  those  times,  but  the  prob- 
abilities are  that  beyonel  serving  civil  processes,  he  paid 
little  attention  to  the  duties  commonly  falling  to  the  lot  of 
constables  in  new  settlements.  This  Archibald  Clybourn 
v/as  the  oldest  son  of  the  Elizabeth  McKenzie,  the  captive 
maiden  mentioned  in  a  preceding  chapter.  He  became  one 
of  the  most  prominent  of  the  earlier  settlers. 

Long  before  Chicago  was  incorporated  as  a  town  there 
were  regularly  elected  constables  to  act  as  village  guardians, 


FRANCIS   SMITH, 
Lieut.    Comdg.    Central  Detail. 


UNDER     THE    CONSTABULARY.  49 

John  Kinzie  was  the  first  justice  of  the  peace,  elected  July 
28,  1825,  and  he  Avas  followed  by  Alexander  AValcott  and 
John  B.  Beaubien.  There  were  certainly  constables  at- 
tached to  these  coui'ts,  but  no  record  of  them  remains.  At 
the  special  election  for  justice  of  the  peace  and  constables, 
held  at  the  home  of  John  Kinzie,  July  24,  1830,  thirty-three 
votes  elected  John  S.  C.  Hogan  to  the  first  named  office, 
while  Horatus  G.  Smith  was  elected  constable,  receiving  one 
vote  less.  At  a  special  election  held  at  the  same  place,  Nov. 
25,  1830,  Stephen  Forbes  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace, 
but  the  name  of  the  fortunate  constable  cannot  be  ascertained. 
Presumably,  however,  Mr.  Smith  continued  in  office.  This 
same  Stephen  Forbes  was  elected  first  sheriff  of  Cook  county 
in  August,  1832.  He  received  106  votes  against  two  cast  for 
James  Kinzie,  who  was  the  last  sheriif  under  the  old  county 
organization  and  the  predecessor  of  Forbes.  The  new  county 
took  its  name  from  Daniel  P.  Cook,  a  member  of  congress, 
from  Southern  Illinois.  Contemporaneous  with  Foi'bes  were 
Samuel  Miller,  Gholsen  Kercheval  and  James  Walker,  who 
were  sworn  in  as  our  first  county  commissioners,  March  8, 
1831,  before  Justice  Hogan.  Archibald  Clybourn  was  the 
first  county  treasurer  and  Jediah  Wooley  the  first  county 
surveyor. 

In  the  spring  of  1833,  before  the  village  board  of  trustees 
ceased  to  exist,  John  D.  Caton,  who  afterward  became  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  jurists  of  the  west,  occupied  a  room 
with  Giles  Spring,  another  adventuresome  young  attorney. 
Both  were  very  poor,  as  clients  were  scarce  and  but  little 
money  was  paid  out  in  law-suits.  Erach  managed  in  some 
way  to  pay  $5  per  week  for  board,  or  to  escape  paying  it,  as 
the  case  may  be.  The  first  criminal  trial  we  have  been  able 
to  find  any  mention  of,  occurred  about  this  time.  A  man 
named  Hatch  had  been  robbed  by  a  fellow  boarder  of 
$34  in  Bellows  Falls  money,  (this  was  in  the  "wild  cat" 
period)  at  Old  Geese's  tavern.  Heacock,  Chicago's  first 
lawyer,  was  the  justice  and  he  issued  a  warrant  which  was 


50  -  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

served  by  Constable  Reed,  who  was  a  carpenter.  The  pris- 
oner was  captured  and  conveyed  to  the  carpenter's  shop,  which 
was  used  as  a  "sweat-box."  Here  the  culprit,  surrounded 
by  a  crowd  of  interested  spectators,  was  subjected  to  a  sys- 
tematic search.  Caton  had  been  retained  by  the  prosecution, 
and  he  compelled  the  prisoner  to  shed  his  clothing.  The  attor- 
ney, notwithstanding  the  protests  and  objections  of  Spring,  for 
the  defense,  compelled  the  prisoner,  finally,  to  strip  him- 
self of  drawers  and  stockings,  and  in  one  of  the  latter  the 
stolen  money  was  found.  The  court  sat  upon  the  carpenter 
bench,  and  in  the  presence  of  this  evidence  ordered  that  the 
prisoner  be  committed  for  trial  next  day.  There  was  no 
jail  and  the  constable  had  to  sit  up  with  him  all  night. 
Next  day,  at  Old  Geese's  tavern,  the  trial  took  place,  Caton 
and  Spring  distinguishing  themselves  before  a  dining-room 
full  of  country-gawkes,  half-breeds  and  Indians,  and  the 
prisoner  was  convicted.  He  gave  straw  bail,  however,  pend- 
ing a  motion  for  a  new  trial,  and  escaped.  It  was  generally 
believed  at  the  time  that  Spring  helped  the  prisoner  to  escape, 
so  determined  was  he  to  beat  his  room-mate,  Caton. 

There  was  a  black  town-crier  employed  by  the  village, 
named  George  White.  Shortly  after  the  occurrence  above 
mentioned  he  called  the  inhabitants  together  to  attend  the 
sale  of  a  man  named  Harper  under  the  vagrant  law.  Harper 
had  once  been  a  man  of  some  respectability  and  education, 
but  border  life  and  border  whisky  had  so  demoralized  him 
that  the  community  determined  upon  taking  this  extreme 
measure.  There  was  a  large  attendance  at  the  sale.  Consta- 
ble Reed  acting  as  auctioneer.  Negroes  had  been  sold  in  this 
way,  but  the  sentiment  of  the  people  revolted  against  the 
sale  of  a  white  man.  Finally  the  negro  town-crier  bought 
Harper  for  a  quarter,  but  some  of  the  villagers  helped  the 
unfortunate  vagrant  to  escape  to  the  woods  that  night.  He 
never  was  seen  in  these  parts  again. 

The  constables  under  the  village  organization  were  sel- 
dom called  upon  to  perform  any  important  service.    In  cases 


UNDEll     THE     CONSTABULAin'.  51 

"where  the  peace  was  seriously  lueuacecl,  the  garrison  at  the 
fort  was  ready  to  act,  and  citizens  generally  turned  out  to 
preserve  order  in  case  of  any  extraordinary  fracas.  After  the 
organization  of  the  county  the  sheriff  assumed  the  responsi- 
bility of  arresting  the  greater  criminals,  and  the  town  con- 
stables were  seldom  called  upon  to  act  singly  in  any  danger- 
ous police  enterprise.  • 

The  early  inhabitants,  as  a  rule,  settled  their  own  differ- 
ences in  their  own  way.  There  were  no  ordinances  worth 
mentioning,  and,  consequently,  no  violations  of  them  to  be 
attended  to.  The  constable  was  a  man  who,  like  Reed,  fol- 
lowed some  trade  and  who  considered  his  official  position 
simply  a  sinecure  to  which  but  little  profit  was  attached. 

Under  the  village  organization  the  fines  inflicted  upon 
law-breakers  were  shared  in  by  the  informers.  Half  the 
fines  usually  went  to  the  person  giving  information.  This 
system  was  also  in  practice  after  the  town  became  organized 
and  public  notices  were  posted  in  conspicuous  places,  which 
rej^resented  that  for  certain  violations  of  local  laws  tines 
would  be  imposed,  one-half  of  which  would  be  given  to  the 
person  whose  testimony  would  lead  to  the  conviction  of  the 
offender. 

On  August  lOtl?,  1833,  the  first  town  election  was  held 
under  general  statute  law,  with  the  result  heretofore  stated. 
As  only  28  votes  were  cast  at  the  election  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  necessity  for  a  police  force  was  not  great.  No  constable 
is  mentioned  in  connection  with  the  election,  but  that  one 
was  appointed  or  otherwise  provided  for  is  certain,  for  even 
under  the  villas^e  organization  there  were  constables.  In 
1834,  when  Eli  B.  "Williams  was  elected  President  of  the 
Council  Board  of  Trustees,  the  name  of  a  constable  fails  to 
occur  likewise.  But  in  1835,  at  the  August  election,  O. 
Morrison  is  chosen  constable  and  town  collector. 

This  year,  also,  the  Board  of  Trustees  adopted  several 
important  ordinances  bearing  upon  police  regulations.  The 
sale  of  liquor  was  prohibited  on  Sundays,  gambling  houses 
were  ordered  closed,  street  nuisances  were  defined,   and  the 


52  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

use  of  fire-arms  on  tlie  streets  was  positively  prohibited, 
penalties  being  provided  in  each  instance.  Constable  Mor- 
rison was  re-elected  in  1830.  The  year  had  been  a  most 
prosperous  one  for  Chicago,  and  the  toAvn  was  expanding  in 
all  directions.  The  population  had  grown  from  about  200  in 
1833  to  very  nearly  4,000.  The  work  on  the  canal  and  har- 
bor improvements  had  attracted  large  numbers  of  persons, 
while  speculation  in  lands,  the  rapid  increase  in  valuation, 
and  the  opportunities  offered  to  settlers  in  the  vicinity,  con- 
tributed toward  swelling  the  population.  It  became  plain  to 
the  more  watchful  and  enterprising  citizens  that  the  growth 
of  the  place  was  going  to  be  rapid,  and  that  the  existing 
municipal  organization  was  incapable  of  meeting  the  emergen- 
cies likely  to  arise.  The  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
therefore,  on  October  20,  1830,  called  a  meeting  of  delegates 
from  each  of  the  three  geographical  divisions  of  tlie  town, 
the  South,  West  and  North  Sides,  to  meet  the  Board  in  con- 
ference as  to  the  advisability  of  applying  to  the  legislature 
for  a  city  charter.  TJiis  meeting  was  held  on  November 
25th,  and  the  result  was  the  appointment,  by  President  Eli 
B.  Williams,  of  five  delegates  to  draw  up  a  charter  for  pre- 
sentation. The  men  who  composed  this  committee  were 
Ebenezer  Peck,  J.  D.  Caton,  T.  W.  Smitk,  William  B.  Og- 
den  and  Nathan  H.  Bolles.  The  committee  presented  the 
charter  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  on  December  9tli;  after  be- 
ing slightly  amended  it  was  adopted,  and  on  March  -ith, 
1837,  the  legislature  passed  the  bill  approving  it.  The  first 
charter  election  was  held  on  May  2d,  1837,  William  B.  Og- 
den,  being  the  democratic,  and  John  H.  Kinzie  the  whig 
candidate  for  mayor.  The  former  was  elected,  receiving 
407  votes  against  237  cast  for  Mr. ,  Kinzie.  The  total  vote 
of  the  South  division  was  408,  of  the  North  204,  of  the 
West  97,  and  of  the  whole  city  709.  At  this  election  .John 
Wentworth  cast  his  first  vote,  being  challenged  on  account 
of  his  youthful  appearance,  and  sworn  as  to  his  legal  age, 
before  his  ballot  was  counted.  At  this  election,  also,  John 
Shiigley  was  chosen  high  constable. 


UNDER     TUE     MAUSHALS.  5c5 


CHAPTER  IV. 

FR0M1SS7T0  1854— THE  NEW  CHARTER  AND  ITS  PROVISIONS  FOR"  A  POLICE' 
SERVICE— RATHER  A  WEAK  FORCE-A  SATIRE  ON  THE  CONSTaBU- 
LARY-SAMUEL  J.  lOWE  AND  M.  HUNTOON— THE  DAYS  OF  OSCAR  SMITH, 
PHILLIP  DEAN,  a:\IBRO>E  BURNHAM,  LmiER  NICHOLS  AND  DARIUS 
KNIGHTS— CRIME  IN  THE  YOUNG  CITY— THE  MOBBING  OF  STEPHEN  A. 
DOUGLA-. 

The  city  cliarter  required  that  some  very  radical  change 
should  be  made  in  local  governmental  affairs,  and  proper 
provision  was  made  for  the  police  branch  of  the  service,  al- 
thongli  it  was  not  expected  that  the  powers  of  the  young 
municipality  in  this  direction  would  be  called  into  play  for 
some  time  to  come.  Chicago  was  growing  too  rapidly  to  feeL 
comfortable  in  her  old  garments,  but  she  had  not  developed. 
sufficieutly  to  wear  the  new  ones  with  grace.  So  she  adopted 
the  simplest  methods  possible  under  the  charter,  and  waited 
patiently  until  she  could  take  advantage  of  the  larger  possi- 
bilities for  which  it  gave  ample  scope. 

The  new  charter  created  a  municipal  court  which  had 
jurisdiction  concurrent  with  the  county  court,  over  all  mu- 
nicipal matters.  The  high  constable  was  an  officer  of  this 
court,  bearing  about  tlie  same  relation  to  it  that  the  sheriff 
did  to  the  county  tribunal.  The  common  council  was  em- 
powered to  appoint  one  constable  for  each  of  the  six  wards 
into  which  the  city  was  districted,  and  these,  acting  under 
the  high  constable,  were  to  constitute  the  first  city  police 
force.  But  there  appears  not  to  have  been  any  necessity  for 
a  police  establishment  of  seven  men.  How  many  men  John 
Shrigley  liad  under  him  is  not  known,  but,  judging  from  in- 


54  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

formation  respecting  siibsequent  years,  lie  was  probably  lim- 
ited to  two  or  three. 

He  held  the  chief's  position  under  Buckner  S.  Morris, 
Chicago's  second  mayor,  and  in  1839,  when  Benjamin  W. 
Raymond  succeeded  to  the  head  of  the  city  government, 
Samuel  J.  Lowe  was  elected  high  constable,  and  his  assist- 
ants were  Daniel  B.  Heartt,  D.  C.  Allen  and  M.  Huntoon. 
Whethej  from  motives  of  economy,  or  because  there  was  no 
real  necessity  for  a  force  of  four  men,  is  not  known,  but  cer- 
tain it  is  that  shortly  after  Mayor  Raymond's  accession  the 
police  force  was  reduced  to  two  men — Messrs.  Lowe  and 
Huntoon.  S.  Lisle  Smith  was  then  the  city  attorney  and  the 
common  council  met  on  Clark  street,  in  the  old  City  Hotel 
building.  It  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  mention  here,  that 
in  the  early  days  of  Chicago  "Clark,"  in  Clark  street,  was  in- 
variably spelled  with  a  final  "e."  When  "Clarke"  finally  gave 
way  to  "Clark"  is  uncertain,  but  it  must  have  been  some  time 
during  the  fifties.  The  city  attorney's  ofiice  was  located 
"over  Clark's  druggist  store,"  and  the  river  was  crossed  on 
"Clarke"  street,  by  ferry.  The  Daily  American,  of  April 
11,  1839,  says: 

Our  offic3  is  U3W  at  tha  head  of  navigation  and  the  ferry  is  constantly 
in  motion  with  th9  life  of  the  city.  We  would  caution  men  of  business 
against  b3ing  too  intent  in  conversation  with  those  on  the  boat  who  are 
bound  for  the  other  shore,  as  the  boat — like  "  time  and  tide  " — waits  for 
no  one,  and  they  may  find  themselves  going  the  wrong  way. 

There  was  a  rival  ferry  at  State  street,  and  this  competi- 
tion was  loudly  commended  by  the  paper  just  quoted.  In 
the  same  paper  of  Tuesday  evening,  April  25,  1839,  we  find 
the  following: 

(5^*  The  scoundrel  who  set  fire  the  other  night  to  the  old  postoffice 
building  is  suspecfer/.  He  and  all  other  suspicious  loafers  about  the  city 
had  better,  as  soon  as  possible,  make  themselves  scari  e,  or  tJte  city  watch 
will  be  at  their  lieeU. 

The  "city  watch,"  of  course,  consisted  of  Lowe  and  Han- 
toon,  but  whether  they  ever  got  at  the  heels  of  the  suspicious 
loafers  is  a  matter  that  must  forever  remain  in  doubt.  There 
were  many  of  these  loafers  in  the  young  city,  however,  des- 


UNDER     THE     MARSHALS.  55 

perate  characters,  too,  but,  judginir'  from  the  i'oUowing  in  the 
American  of  May  20,  same  year,  life  and  property  were  faitli- 

fully  guarded  by  the  city  watch: 

The  j,'raud  jury  after  a  sessiou  of  four  days  has  adjourned  after  find- 
ing six  indictments,  four  for  larceny,  and  two  for  perjury.  When  wo  con- 
sider the  number  of  indictments  found  at  previous  times,  the  public  must 
be  satisfied  that  crime  is  fast  diminisjiiug. 

In  the  common  council  about  this  time  S.  J.  Lowe  is  allow- 
ed"$30  for  services  as  police  constable  during  the  riots  and 
distui'bances  of  August  last,  and  other  services."  These  riots 
and  disturbances,  it  appears,  consisted  of  a  row  between  some 
residents  and  soldiers  of  the  garrison,  who  were  all  more  or 
less  excited  by  the  immoderate  use  of  alcoholic  stimulants. 
Horse  stealing  was  the  l^ane  of  the  early  agricultural  settlers 
here,  as  it  has  been  elsewhere  ever  since,  and  the  American 
calls  attention  to  the  organization  at  Naperville  of  a  society 
for  the  detection  and  punishment  of  horse  thieves,  and  sug- 
gests that  a  similar  society  be  organized  in  Chicago.  On 
June  19,  1839,  the  common  council  requests  "  City  Marshal 
Lowe" — this  is  the  first  time  he  is  mentioned  as  city  marshal — 
"to  make  monthly  reports  of  all  his  doings,  and  suggests  such 
measures  for  the  better  order  and  government  of  the  city  as 
he  should  deem  expedient."  Sam  Lowe  had  at  least  four 
titles  during  his  management  of  police  affairs.  He  was 
"High  Constable"  at  first,  then  "Head  Constable,"  later 
on  we  find  him  mentioned  as  "Chief  of  the  City  Watch"  and 
still  later  as  "City  Marshal."  The  watch  house  was  for 
a  time  located  on  the  lake  front,  and  afterward  in  the  rear  of 
the  first  court  house,  and  in  front  of  the  jail,  facing  Randolph 
street,  nearly  opposite  the  west  wall  of  the  present  Sherman 
House,  It  was  built  of  upright  oak  boards  and  its  dimen- 
sions were  about  15x20. 

The  "tippling  houses"  and  "groceries"  furnished  the  watch- 
men of  '39  with  the  greater  part  of  their  work.  The  soldiers 
in  the  fort  were  in  the  habit  of  resorting  to  these  places,  partic- 
ularly on  pay  days,  and  collisions  with  the  residents  were  not 
infi'equent.     Another  source  of  constant   employment,  es- 


56  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

pecially  in  the  summer  season,  was  the  hunting  clown  and 
butchering  of  Avorthless  dogs.  Where  they  came  from,  no- 
body could  tell,  but,  judging  from  the  frequent  references  to 
them,  they  were  as  numerous  in  proportion  to  the  popu- 
lation as  they  are  now. 

A  newspaper  published  at  Jackson,  Mich.,  evidently  not 
over-friendly  to  Chicago,  printed  the  following  in  the  sum- 
mer of  '31): 

The  population  of  Chicago  is  said  to  be  principally  composed  of  dogs 
and  loafers. 

To  which  the  American  replies,  directing  its  remark  to 
the  editor  of  the  Jackson  paper: 

Yon  had  better  emigrate.    We  will  classify  you. 

For  some  time  the  press  had  Ijeen  making  complaints 
about  the  police  force.  Attention  was  called  frequently  to 
the  number  of  brawls  in  the  rum  shops,  street  fights,  etc.  Be- 
sides complaint  was  made  that  "small  pigs  and  fowls"  were 
"running  at  large  in  the  6th  ward,"  and  finally  the  Ameri- 
can charged  the  "watch"  with  dereliction  of  duty  on  the 
4th  of  July,  when  a  serious  row  had  taken  place  in  a  whisky 
shop.  It  is  presumed  that  the  high  constable,  accompanied 
by  the  head  constable,  the  city  marshal  and  the  chief  of  the 
watch,  called  upon  the  editor  to  make  an  explanation,  for  on 
July  12,  the  American  contained  the  following  piece  of  satire 
and  defense  of  the  constables: 

Our  City  Police. — The  constabulary  patronage  of  our  city  is  alarm- 
ing. The  liberties  of  the  people  are  positively  in  danger  from  the  number 
of  police.  We  learn  that  there  is  kept  up  from  one  end  of  the  year  to  the 
other,  without  increase  or  diminution,  the  enormous  number  of  two  police 
marshals.  This  is  indeed  a  small  standing  army  of  "  office-holders  "  and 
unless  the  number  be  diminished  at  least  two-thirds,  we  apjarehend  the 
worst  consequences.  Seriously  speaking,  we  regard  it  as  a  great  evil  that 
the  number  of  our  police  is  so  contemptibly  small.  Perhaps  Messrs.  Lowe 
and  Huutoon  who  are  indefatigable  in  the  performance  of  their  dutj',  may 
be  able  to  preserve  the  order  of  the  city  in  'these  piping  times  of  peace," 
but  on  extraordinary  occasions,  such  as  the  4th  of  July  and  election  day, 
a  greater  force  should  be  provided.  We  unintentionally  did  these  two 
worthy  officers  an  injustice  when  speaking  a  few  days  since  of  a  row  at 
Burg's  grocery.  We  were  not  aware  that  the  Jth  of  July  muster  roll  was 
thn  sn  me  as  the  "  peace  establishment."  It  is  certainly  unreasonable  to 
expect  two  men  to  be  keeping  order  in  six  wards  at  the  same  time. 


FRANCIS  P.  BARCAL, 
Lieut.  Comdg.    Twelfth  St.  District. 


UNDER     THE     MARSHALS.  J  i 

A  destructive  fire  broke  out  on  Suiulay  morning,  October 
27,  of  tiiis  year,  in  which  eighteen  buildings  Avere  reduced  to 
ashes — tlie  first  great  caLamity  of  the  kind  recorded  in  the 
young  city.  At  the  time  it  was  h)oked  upon  as  a  crushing 
bhnv,  but  the  phice  rapidly  recovered  from  it,  and  from  many 
another  destructive  confia^jration  involviui^  terrible  losses  in 
life  and  property.  All  of  these  fires  were  so  overshadowed 
by  the  blaze  of  October,  1871,  that  they  appear  to  have  been 
entirely  lost  sight  of  now. 

Lowe  and  Huntoon  continued  on  the  police  force,  and  ad- 
ditional assistance  was  given  them  "  on  extraordinary  occa- 
sions, such  as  the  4th  of  July  and  election  day,"  but  in  1842, 
Avhen  Orson  Smith  Avas  elected  city  marshal  and  street  com- 
missioner combined,  he  had  but  three  assistants — Henry 
Khijies,  Hugh  K.  Henry,  and  William  Wesencraft,  The 
population  of  the  city  then  was  7,580,  and  it  must  have  been 
a  hard  task  for  this  little  force  to  preserve  anything  like 
order,  inasmuch  as  every  second  shop  was  a  grocery,  and 
the  groggeries  Avere  the  favorite  resorts  of  two-thirds  of  the 
population.  Orson  Smith  was  the  first  regularly  elected  city 
marshal  and  he  held  the  office  during  the  administration  of 
Mayors  Augustus  Garrett  and  Alanson  S.  Sherman  till  1844. 
The  only  police  constable  mentioned  in  the  latter  year  is 
William  Wesencraft,  but  there  must  have  been  others,  as 
the  population  had  now  reached  10,864.  Of  this  number, 
''  072  were  Irish,  1,056  German,  531  Norwegian,  and  683 
olher  foreigners,"  making  the  total  foreign  population  3,242. 
Tliere  were  43  lawyers  and  28  physicians  in  the  town,  and 
the  total  expenditures  of  the  city  administration  were  $21,- 
488.20.  At  the  election  held  on  March  4,  of  this  year,  2,133 
votes  were  cast  in  the  six  Avards. 

In  1845,  Augustus  Garrett  again  becoming  mayor,  Phil- 
lip) Dean  Avas  elected  marshal  and  street  commissioner,  and 
William  Wesencraft  held  on  as  police  constable,  but  consta- 
bles were  elected  additionally  in  each  of  the  six  wards.  Dean 
served  as  marshal  until  1847,  Avhen  the  number  of  Avards  in 


58  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

the  city  was  increased  to  nine,  and  nine  constables  elected. 
Ill  1848  Ambrose  Burnliam  was  elected  city  marshal,  and  the 
police  force  consisted  of  the  following  constables,  one  from 
•  each  ward,  in  the  order  named:  Carding  Jackson,  A.  H.  Pahl- 
man,  A.  J.  Chappel,  Daniel  T.  Wood,  Henry  Misner,  J.  E. 
Willick,  Bartley  Ford,  Erni  Pattriolett  and  William  Boomer. 
These  men  served  during  the  dreadful  cholera  epidemic,  and 
are  mentioned  as  having  performed  their  duties  faithfully 
and  in  many  instances  heroically.  Mr.  Burn  ham  held  over 
till  the  accession  of  Mayor  Curtis  in  1S5(),  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  James  Howe,  who  was  city  marshal  during  the  suc- 
ceeding four  years.  In  1850  the  force  consisted  of  nine  men, 
there  being  some  changes,  as  follows:  C.  T.  Bogue,  W.  H. 
Wells,  Michael  O'Brien,  A.  S.  Fay,  H.  Misner,  J.  N.  Nor- 
ton, B.  Ford,  Michael  Maguire,  John  McHale.  These  police- 
men each  had  charge  o^  the  ward  they  represented,  from  first 
to  ninth,  and  the  population  of  the  different  wards  was  then: 
1st,  2,829;  2d,  3,398;  3d,  3,250;  4th,  3,200;  5th,  3,400; 
6th,  2,380;  7th,  3,560;  8th,  3,224;  9th,  2,384— whole,  28,- 
620;  increase  in  ten  months,  5,573. 

Robberies  and  burglaries  were  of  frequent  occurrence 
then,  and  the  Gem  of  the  Prairie  was  unspairing  in  its 
abuse  of  the  police  for  not  attending  to  their  duties.  In  its 
issue  of  May  3,  1850,  after  describing  a  burglary  in  Hub- 
bard's building,  in  which  the  safe  of  Winslow  J.  Ball  was 
broken  open,  it  said: 

The  city  watch  knew  nothing  of  it,  of  course.  They  were  probably 
regaling  themselves  in  pleasant  quarters  at  the  time. 

Sam.    Lowe,    the   ex-high    constable,   had    now    become 

a    justice    of   the    peace,    and    he    appears    to    have    been 

kept  busy  attending  to  city  criminal  matters      About  this 

time  there  was  a  bloody  fracas  at  the  "Farmer's  Home,"'  a 

tavern    that    stood  upon  the   corner  of  LaSalle  and  South 

Water  streets.      Soldiers  from  the  fort  had  been  drinking 

there,  and  the  usual  disturbance  followed.      Constable  Hines 

interfered  in  the  interest  of  good  order   and  was  knocked 


UNDER     THE     MAliSHALS;  59 

down  with  a  club,  "'■  which  exit  his  head  open  fright! ally." 
Another  constable  Avas  served  in  like  manner,  and  then  both 
were  forced  out  of  the  room.  At  this  stage,  three  adtlitional 
city  watchmen  appeared  and  demanded  admission.  On 
being  refused  they  broke  down  the  door  with  huge  clubs. 
"Once  inside,  they  assaulted  the  soldiers,  knocked  them 
down  with  their  clubs  and  dragged  them  bleeding  to  the 
calaboose."  Notwithstaiidini;  this  valiant  conduct  on  the 
part  of  the  "watch,"  a  Tax-payer  writes  to  the  Gem  of  the 
Prairie,  under  date  of  August  17,  1850,  protesting  against 
the  method  of  selecting  watchmen,  alleging  that  although 
the  power  was  in  the  council,  it  was  delegated  to  one  man — 
meaning  the  mayor — bad  material  was  selected,  and  the 
force  was  composed  of  strangers  instead  of  respectable  citi- 
zens. The  writer  further  says  that  he  heard  "a  man"  remark 
that  "  the  city  was  best  protected  when  the  watch  was 
asleep."  Complaint  is  made  by  other  citizens  that  Erie  and 
Champlain  sailors,  of  unknown  character,  were  preferred  to 
well-known  residents  for  positions  on  the  force. 

J.  N.  Barker  was  the  assistant  marshal  at  this  time,  and 
he  gives  notice  to  the  public  that  he  will  collect  the  census  re- 
turns for  1850.  Duties  foreign  to  regular  police  service  were 
enforced  upon  the  officers  generally,  and  toward  the  close  of 
the  year  the  Gem  of  the  Prairie  confesses  that  the  police 
cannot  be  justly  blamed  for  the  numerous  robberies  reported, 
as  the  force  is  entirely  too  small.  The  paper  demands  a 
large  and  an  immediate  increase  in  the  number  of  men. 

The  salaries  paid  at  this  time  were  very  small,  the  marshal 
receiving  only  $800,  and  the  cost  of  supporting  the  entire 
night  watch  was  but  $(),344  per  annum.  The  city  attorney 
received  $500  per  annum  for  his  services. 

It  was  customary  in  those  days  to  compel  prisoners  con- 
victed of  offenses  against  the  city  ordinances,  and  who  were 
unable  to  pay  their  fines,  to  work  them  out  in  the  "ball  and 
chain  gang"  upon  the  public  streets,  doing  scavenger  work 
and  repairing.     Every  prisoner  had  a  chain  fastened  around 


60  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

his  ankle,  at  the  eud  o£  which  was  a  heavy  ball  of  iron,  to 
prevent  his  escape  should  he  take  a  notion  to  attempt  to 
elude  the  vigilance  of  the  watchman  placed  over  the  gang. 
This  was  looked  upon  by  many  citizens  as  a  barbarous  cus- 
tom, disgusting  to  the  sight  of  all,  and  demoralizing  to  the 
unfortunate  fellows  who  were  forced  to  submit  to  it.  The 
anti-slavery  movement  was  growing  at  the  time,  too,  and 
everything  that  had  a  tendency  to  degrade  mankind  was 
becoming  obnoxious.  The  Tribune  of  September  G,  1851, 
contained  a  strong  editorial  protesting  against  the  use  of 
the  ball  and  chain,  and  condemning  the  custom  as  inhuman 
and  a  disgrace  to  the  age.  Soon  afterward  the  bridewell 
was  completed,  and  the  "chain  gang"  disappeared  forever. 
The  bridewell  was  opened  in  1851.  This  city  prison  was 
located  on  the  corner  of  Wells  (Fifth  avenue)  and  Polk 
streets.  It  was  built  of  three-inch  oak  planks,  set  upright 
and  roofed  with  the  same  material.  It  was  100  feet  in 
length,  24  in  width,  and  one  story  high.  There  were  cells 
for  200  persons.  Employment  was  found  for  culprits  in 
handling  and  piling  the  lumber  used  in  street  planking. 
Later,  when  the  plank  road  system  was  abolished,  they  were 
forced  to  labor  in  a  stone  yard,  provided  for  them  near  by. 
Walsh  was  superintendent  of  the  bridewell  till  1857. 

The  same  year,  in  September,  the  corner  stone  of  the 
new  Court  House  and  City  Hall  was  laid  in  the  public  square 
with  imposing  ceremonies.  The  procession  was  half  a  mile 
long,  says  the  report,  and  it  was  composed  of  the  masonic 
fraternity,  which  had  charge  of  the  ceremonies,  military 
companies  and  the  volunteer  fire  brigade.  Every  able- 
bodied  man  in  town  belonged  to  an  engine  or  hose  company. 
He  might  belong  to  other  organizations,  but  he  was  not  con- 
sidered a  citizen  in  first-class  standing  unless  he  "ran  with 
the  machine." 

In  1852  Walter  S.  Gurnee  was  mayor  and  James  L.  Howe 
was  marshal.  The  police  constables  were  A.  B.  Wheeler,  S. 
H.    McDearman,    John   N.    Norton,    J.    Y.    Cutler,   Richard 


ANARCHIST  BANNERS  CARRIED  BY  THE  ANARCHISTS  IN  THEIR 
NUMEROUS  PROCESSIONS  IN  CHICAGO. 


UNDEi:     THE     MAllSliALS.  (>1 

Carthew.  K  V.  Wiirhtiuan,  James  Daly,  Michael,  Grant 
and  AVilliam  Cannon.  Added  to  these  were  special  con- 
stables Luther  Nichols,  George  Rommeiss,  Charles  O'Mal- 
ley,  Owen  Dougherty  and  William  Harrison.  Of  all  these, 
Charles  O'Malley,  will  be, most  pleasantly  remembered 
by  the  past  and  present  generation.  As  a  police  justice 
he  attained  a  national  reputation  in  later  years  for  the 
originality  of  his  decisions  and  his  utter  disregard  of 
common  and  statutory  law.  He  is  dead.  Owen  Dougherty 
was  a  well-known  character  also  for  many  years.  But 
perhaps  Luther  Nichols  is  deserving  of  more  recognition 
as  a  historical  personage  than  any  of  the  others. 

He  was  a  native  of  Gilbertsville,  Ostego  county,  New 
York;  born  in  1805,  and  enlisted  as  a  regular  soldier  in  1828, 
arrivinij  in  Chicajro  with  his  wife  and  one  child  as  a  soldier  of 
the  2d  United  States  Infantry,  under  the  immediate  charge 
of  Major  AVhistler.  When  he  reached  Chicago  it  was  dur- 
ing the  Black  Hawk  war,  and  Fort  Dearborn  was  crowded 
with  refugees  from  the  surrounding  country.  It  was  a  few 
days  after  the  arrival  of  the  company  of  50  men,  to  which 
Nichols  was  attached,  that  Gen.  Scott  arrived  with  his  chol- 
era-stricken command.  Upon  Scott's  arrival  Major  W^histler 
built  a  barrack  for  his  men  at  the  foot  of  Madison  street. 
During  the  cholera  Nichols,  with  six  other  soldiers,  was 
detailed  to  inter  the  remains  of  cholera  victims,  which  were 
thrown  overboard  from  the  troop  vessel  during  the  trip  down 
the  lake,  and  which  the  winds  had  washed  ashore  along  the 
south  beach.  He  was  present  at  Rock  Island  when  the  treaty 
was  signed  with  the  Indians,  and  was  discharged  from  the 
service  in  1833.  He  became  a  citizen  of  Chicago  and  served 
in  many  responsible  positions. 

In  1852  the  Chicago  Tribune  was  printed  at  53  Clarke 
street.  It  was  a  whig  newspaper  and  its  editors  were  Wil- 
liam Duane  Wilson  and  Henry  Fowler.  It  then  claimed 
the  modest  circulation  of  2,000  daily  and  2,000  weekly.  The 
Journal,    published    at   107  Lake   street,   was   also    politi- 


62  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

cally  a  Avliig,  and  its  editors  were  R.  L.  and  C.  L.  "Wilson; 
circulation,  daily,  1,000;  weekly,  2,000.  The  Illinois 
Slaats  Zeitung  was  published  at  190  Randolph  street;  its 
editor  being  George  Schneider,  and  its  daily  circulation  500. 
The  Daily  Times  and  Citizen  was  published  at  50  Clarke 
street,  a  Free  Democrat  in  politics,  and  its  editor  was  Z. 
Eastman;  circulation,  800.  The  Democratic  Press  was  pub- 
lished at  45  Clarke  street;  politically,  democratic,  and  its 
editors  were  J.  L.  Scripps  and  William  Bross ;  circulation, 
800.  There  were  in  all  seven  daily  papers  published  here. 
The  population  on  June  1st,  1852,  was  stated  at  38,733; 
American,  19,314,  and  foreign,  19,419. 

In  1853  Charles  M.  Gray  was  mayor  and  James  L.  Howe 
continued  as  city  marshal.  Daniel  T.  Wood  replaced  John 
N.  Norton,  Thomas  Hennessy  succeeded  R.  V.  Wightman; 
and  Charles  O'Malley,  Thomas  Melvin  and  James  Quinn 
were  substituted  for  James  Daly,  Michael  Grant  and  William 
Cannon  on  the  constabulary.  The  City  Hall  w^as  then  tem- 
porarily located  over  the  South  Market  Hall,  on  State  street, 
but  the  mayor's  office  was  room  No.  1,  "Court  House,  Court 
Square.""  The  county  jail  was  in  the  basement  of  the  Court 
House.  The  Recorders  Court,  with  the  same  jurisdiction  as 
our  present  Criminal  Court,  was  established  in  1853.  Previ- 
ous to  its  establishment  criminal  business  was  transacted  in 
the  Circuit  Court.  Hon.  Robert  S.  Wilson  was  the  first 
judge  of  the  new  tribunal,  Phil  A.  Hoyne  w^as  the  first  clerk, 
and  he  was  succeeded  by  Col.  J.  K.  C.  Forest.  Daniel  Mc- 
Elroy  was  state's  attorney  from  1853  to  1856. 

In  1854  Isaac  L.  Milliken  succeeded  to  the  mayorial 
chair  and  Darius  Knights  became  marshal.  Luther  Nichols 
was  appointed  Captain  of  the  Watch  or  assistant  marshal, 
and  held  the  position  for  one  year.  The  police  justices  were 
his  honor,  the  mayor,  Calvin  DeWolf  and  P.  Lamb,  and  the 
police  constables  were  Charles  T.  Bogue,  A.  B.  Wheeler, 
John  Beech,  Michael  Hickey,  Richard  Carthew,  T.  Hennessy, 
James  Keefe,  Michael  Grant,  and  William  Duffy.     The  pop- 


WILLIAM  H.  WARD, 
Ex-Cap t.    Third   Precinct. 


UNDEll     THE     MARSHALS.  03 

Illation  at  this  time  was  said  bj  one  statistician  to  be  58.538, 
but  another  estimate  phxced  the  figures  at  05,872;  these 
figures,  however,  included  some  4,000  "marines,''  in  poi-t  at 
the  time  the  count  was  made. 

It  is  of  sonin  importance  to  understand  that  of  this  popu- 
lation 35,857  wvM\3  re[)orted  to  be  of  foreign  birth,  for  people 
of  foreign  birth  iu  those  days  were  facing  an  issue  that  had 
more  tliau  once  culminated  in  bloodshed,  and  threatened  to 
produce  a  state  of  feeling  which  might  at  any  moment  cause 
an  internal  rupture,  mora  lamentable  and  frightful  in  its  ef- 
fects, and  far  less  satisfactory  in  its  ending  or  results,  than 
the  civil  war,  that  convulsed  the  nation  a  few  years  later. 

Know-nothingism  was  in  its  bloom  in  1854,  The  cry, 
"Put  none  but  natives  on  guard!"  echoed  from  one  end  of 
the  country  to  the  other.  Dastardly  outrages  had  been  and 
were  being  committed  upon  foreign-born  citizens  in  the 
East,  for  no  other  reason  than  that  they  were  foreign-born, 
and  "Down  with  the  Irish!"  "Down  with  the  Dutch!"  "to  h — 
with  the  Pope!"  were  the  political  rallying  cries  of  tlie  fa- 
natics who,  for  the  time  being,  seemed  to  forget  that  their 
fathers,  grandfathers,  or  great-grandfathers  had  been  per- 
haps but  poor,  poverty-stricken  emigrants  themselves. 

These  cries  were  raised  in  Chicago,  and  there  were  not 
wanting  newspapers  ready  and  Avilling  to  nurse  the  bigotry 
and  intolerance  that  gave  them  voice.  From  the  very  first 
Chicago  has  been  indebted  to  foreign-born  citizens  for  the 
greater  part  of  her  prosperity  and  glory.  Her  first  white  discov- 
erers were  French  missionaries ;  her  first  traders  were  French- 
men ;  her  first  genuine  resident-merchant  and  citizen — John 
Kinzie — was  born  on  foreign  soil ;  her  leading  business  men 
during  the  first  quarter  of  a  century  of  her  existence  as  a 
settlement  were  largely  German,  Irish  and  Norwegian  em- 
igrants ;  fifty,  and  even  sixty  per  cent  of  her  population  in 
the  earlier  days  of  her  existence  as  a  city  were  foreign-born, 
and  in  1854,  when  know-nothingism  was  in  its  bloom,  as  we 
have  said,  35,857  of  her  65,872  residents  claimed   foreign 


64  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

nativity.  And  ever  since  then  population  statistics  from 
year  to  year  have  shown  that  a  minority  only  of  the  citizens 
of  Chicago  have  been  native-born. 

The  know-nothing  hue  and  cry  went  up  in  every  hamlet, 
town  and  city  from  the  coast  to  the  Mississippi,  and  it 
found  many  strong  adherents  and  devoted  followers  in 
Chicago,  but  the  masses  of  our  people  were  strongly  opposed 
to  the  narrow  doctrines  advocated  by  its  noisy  promoters, 
and  some  of  its  most  bitter  antagonists  were  men  who  could 
look  back  over  a  long  line  of  American  ancestor 

Adding  to  the  disturbed  condition  of  the  public  mind 
was  the  free  soil  question,  then  at  its  whitest  heat.  By 
some  unfortunate  and  unfathomable  misapprehension  on  the 
part  of  a  large  class,  and  undoubtedly  through  the  cunning 
maneuvering  of  the  fanatical  element,  the  know-nothing  cause 
became  entangled  in  the  free  soil  movement,  to  such  an  ex- 
tent that  it  was  difficult  for  a  person  to  be  a  know-nothing 
and  not  be  a  free  soiler,  or  to  be  a  free  soiler  and  not  be  a 
know-nothing.  Foreign-born  citizens  throughout  the  North 
were  strongly  opposed  to  permitting  the  encroachments  of 
slavery  upon  free  territory,  or  to  the  spread  of  the  institu- 
tion upon  any  pretext,  but  they  were  prevented  from  forming 
an  alliance  with  the  free  soilers  because  the  know-noth- 
ings controlled  or  at  least  influenced  their  movement.  They 
had  their  choice,  therefore,  between  the  democratic  party, 
which  was  willing  to  add  Kansas  and  Nebraska  to  the  list  of 
slave  states,  or  the  free  soil  party  which,  while  it  was 
strongly  in  favor  of  advancing  the  interests  of  the  Ethiopian, 
was  openly  at  enmity  with  the  citizens  who  chanced  to  have 
been  born  in  other  lands.  The  Kansas  troubles  added  their 
heat  to  the  general  conflagration  of  public  feeling.  Politics 
were  mixed ;  parties  were  demoralized.  Men  who  were  whigs 
on  one  question  were  strongly  democratic  on  another.  Tlie 
lines  of  policy  were  hanging  loosely  on  both  sides,  and 
neither  creed  could  define  its  position  to  the  satisfaction  of 
its  followers.     In  the  midst  of   this  turmoil  whigism    was 


UNDER     THE     MARSHALS.  65 

soon  to  writhe  in  the  throes  of  labor  and  bring  forth  at  the 
cost  of  its  own  life  a  child — the  republican  party — which 
could  and  would  define  its  policy ;  the  democracy  was  to  un- 
dergo a  similar  ordeal,  but  tlie  result  was  destined  to  be  one 
of  its  usual  miscarriages,  with  sinking  spells  which  were  to 
occur  frequently  for  years  afterward. 

Stephen  A.  Douglas,  senator  from  Illinois,  was  on  the 
wrong  side  of  both  questions,  when  looked  at  from  the  na- 
tive Northern  stand  "oint.  He  was  unfortunately  on  the 
wrong  side  of  one  q  uestion  when  looked  at  from  the  foreign- 
born  Northern  standpoint ;  but  the  latter  were  willing  to  wink 
at  his  "Squatter  Sovereignty"  doctrines,  so  broadly,  so  liber- 
ally, so  manfully  did  he  advocate  his  own  opinions,  and  so 
tolerant  was  he  of  the  opinions  of  others. 

"On  the  know-nothing  question  Douglas  took  a  noble  and 
even  advanced  ground,"  said  Mr.  Fred  Cook  in  an  article 
which  appeared  in  the  Chicago  Times  in  1877.  "In  fact  he 
was  the  fii'st  to  make  war  upon  the  proscriptive  spirit  of  the 
native  party,  and  it  was  he  who  marshaled  the  democratic 
party  against  the  hosts  of  intolerance  and  political  as 
well  as  religious  fanaticism — for  this  party,  like  another, 
until  'christain  statesmanship'  put  it  to  the  blush,  claimed 
all  the  cardinal  virtues  and  followed  meekly  in  the  wake  of 
the  pulpit." 

Chicago,  before  the  know-nothing  and  free  soil  ques- 
tions were  raised,  was  a  democratic  stronghold.  An  "old 
settler"  is  credited  with  the  following  statement  regarding 
the  political  bias  of  the  young  city:  "If  the  town  pump," 
he  said,  "had  been  nominated  for  mayor  in  those  days  on 
the  democratic  ticket,  it  would  have  been  elected.  A  nom- 
ination was  always  equivalent  to  an  election,  and  I  remem- 
ber once  when  Dr.  Kimberly  got  the  nomination  for  clerk  of 
some  court,  in  the  democratic  convention  that  was  held  in 
the  little  old  Court  House,  that  stood  on  the  northeast  cor- 
ner of  the  square,  he  fainted  dead  away,  he  was  so  over- 
powered by  it.     You  see  the  nomination  gave  him  a  nice 

5* 


60  THE    CHICAGO     TOLICE. 

thing,  and  the  nomination  and  election  coming  that  way  in 
one  fell  swoop  is  calculated  to  knock  off  the  strongest,  as  I 
happen  to  know,  f(ir  I  have  run  for  office  once  or  twice  ray- 
self."  But  in  185-1-,  as  we  have  already  pointed  out,  th^ 
party  lines  were  ragged,  and  "Fusion"  this  way  or  that  *way 
was  the  fashion  in  politics.  The  democratic  party  was 
afraid  to  take  up  arms  against  the  know-nothing  doctriiio, 
and  its  leaders  begged  the  question  until  Stephen  A.  Doug- 
las, in  a  Fourth  of  July  address  at  Philadelphia,  had  th(^ 
nerve  to  combat  it.  Had  he  stopped  after  giving  the  know- 
nothings  the  most  scathing  overhauling  they  ever  received 
it  would  perhaps  have  been  better  for  him,  but  his  position 
on  the  Nebraska  question  "so  offended  the  free  soil  element 
in  his  party  that  a  general  stampede  followed,  and  this  free 
soil  element,  together  with  the  know-nothings  in  Chicago, 
determined  to  give  him  a  warm  reception  when  he  reached 
home."  The  Democratic  Press,  a  free  soil  organ,  edited  by 
John  L.  Scripps  and  Hon.  William  Bross,  and  published 
here  at  the  time,  heaped  the  most  bitter  denunciation  upon 
the  shoulders  of  the  "Little  Giant,"  and  so  great  was  the 
opposition  to  him,  by  the  know-nothing  element  on  the  one 
side  and  the  free  soil  element  on  the  other,  that  a  writer  says, 
"not  more  than  a  corporal's  guard  of  true  souls  could  be 
found  to  give  the  little  senator  a  brave  backing." 

Douglas  arrived  in  Chicago  on  the  25tliof  August,  1854, 
Congress  having  adjourned  on  the  1st  of  the  same  month. 
He  found  the  town  up  in  arms  against  him.  From  the  bit- 
terness and  noise  of  the  opposition  it  seemed  as  though  he 
had  not  a  solitary  friend  left.  Notice  was  given  him  publicly 
and  privately  that  he  would  not  be  permitted  to  express 
the  views  he  had  aired  in  "Washington  and  Philadelphia,  be- 
fore a  Chicago  audience.  Threatening  letters  Avere  sent  to 
him  and  he  was  even  warned  that  his  life  was  in  danger. 
Nevertheless  he  announced  his  determination  to  address  the 
public  on  the  evening  of  Sept  1,  in  the  old  North  Market 
Hall,  Michigan  street  near  Clark.      "All  sorts  of  wild  rumors 


UNDER     THE     MAllSHALS.  67 

were  afloat,"  says  a  report  of  the  meeting,  "one being  to  the 
effect  that  Doughis  had  selected  a  body  guard  of  five  hun- 
dred Irishmen,  Avho,  with  arms  in  their  hands,  were  to  be 
present  and  compel  the  people  to  silence  while  he  spoke." 
Of  course  there  was  no  foundation  for  such  a  reckless  state- 
ment. 

The  gathering  did  not  take  place  inside,  but  immediately 
in  front  of  the  Market  House.  Mayor  Milliken,  who  had  con- 
sented to  preside  at  the  meeting,  being  a  democrat  and  a 
strong  personal  friend  of  Douglas,  took  every  precaution  to 
preserve  the  peace.  Marshal  Darius  Knights  and  Luther 
Nichols,  captain  of  the  watch,  with  almost  the  entire  regu- 
lar constabulary,  and  a  large  number  of  specials  sworn  in 
for  the  occasion,  were  on  hand,  but  their  presence  was  next 
to  useless,  for  the  constables  were  careful  not  to  offend  their 
fellow  citizens,  nor  to  interfere  with  them  in  the  interest  of 
peace  when  the  question  at  issue  happened  to  be  a  political 
one,  and  besides,  each  and  every  one  of  them  had  his  own 
personal  and  political  sentiments  to  indulge  and  his  own 
prejudices  to  nurse.  But  a  majority  of  the  constables  were 
Irishmen,  and  their  sympathies  were  naturally  with  the  sena- 
tor. However,  during  all  the  disgraceful  and  riotous  pro- 
ceedings of  the  night,  it  is  certain  that  Mayor  Milliken's 
police  shirked  their  duty,  or  were  overawed  by  the  howling, 
angry  mob  with  which  they  had  to  deal. 

The  senator  had  scarcely  begun  his  address  before  it  be- 
came evident  that  trouble  was  breAviug.  Mr.  Bross,  who  was 
at  the  time  acting  as  a  reporter  for  his  paper.  The  Democratic 
Press,  is  credited  with  opening  the  opposition  ball  by  call- 
ing certain  of  the  senator's  remarks  to  question. 

Mr.  Bross,  under  the  excitement  of  the  moment,  threw 
a  fire-brand  into  the  midst  of  the  combustibles,  with- 
out thinking,  perhaps,  what  the  consequences  would  be. 
It  proved  to  be  the  signal  which  the  mob  was  waiting 
for,  nevertheless.  Pandemonium  ensued.  "Douglas  was 
instantly  assailed  by   all   manner  of    epithets,"  says  Cook, 

8 


68  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

"every  name  that  vile  tongues  could  invent  were  hurled  at 
him.  In  a  moment  he  was  surrounded  by  a  howling,  raging 
mob,  hungry  to  do  him  personal  injury.  But  all  undaunted 
he  fearlessly  faced  the  enemy,  at  the  same  time  keeping  down 
a  little  company  of  friends  on  the  platform,  who  were  all 
eagerness  to  resent  the  insults  and  affronts  so  brutally  heaped 
upon  their  idol.  He  boldly  denounced  the  violence  exhibited 
as  a  preconcerted  thing,  and  in  defiance  of  yells,  groans, 
cat  calls  and  every  insulting  menace  and  threat,  he  read 
aloud,  so  that  it  was  heard  above  the  infernal  din,  a  letter  in- 
forming him  that  if  he  dared  speak  he  would  be  mal- 
treated." It  was  reported  at  the  time  that  he  had  been  pelted 
with  rotten  eggs,  but  this  has  been  denied,  and  rotten  apples, 
it  is  said,  Avere  the  most  offensive  missiles  used. 

The  late  Mr.  James  Sheahan,  for  many  years  one  of  the 
ablest  of  Chicago  journalists,  in  his  "Life  of  Stephen  A. 
Douglas,"  thus  refers  to  this  episode: 

We  never  saw  such  a  scene  before  and  hope  never^to  see  the  like  again. 
*  *  *  Until  ten  o'clock  he  stood  firm  and  unyielding,  bidding  the  mob 
defiance  and  occasionally  getting  in  a  word  or  two  on  the  general  sub- 
ject. It  was  the  penalty  for  his  speech  in  Philadelphia.  It  was  the  pen- 
alty for  having  made  the  first  assault  upon  know-nothingism.  It  was  the 
penalty  for  having  dared  to  assail  an  order  including  within  its  members 
a  vast  majority  of  the  allied  opposition  of  the  Western  states.  We  have 
conversed  since  with  men  who  were  present  at  that  mob;  with  men  who 
went  there  as  members  of  the  order,  pledged  to  stand  by  and  protect 
each  other;  with  men  who  were  armed  to  the  teeth  in  anticipation  of  a 
scene  of  bloody  violence,  and  they  have  assured  us  that  nothing  prevented 
bloodshed  that  night,  but  the  bold  and  defiant  manner'iu  which  Douglas 
maintained  his  ground. 

The  little  body  guard  which  stood  by  Douglas  through- 
out this  ordeal,  and  finally  forming  a  line  around  him,  placed 
him  in  a  carriage  and  escorted  him  to  the  Tremont  house, 
are  now  nearly  all  gone.  The  most  notable  of  them  Avere: 
Hon.  Frank  C.  Sherman,  General  Hart  L.  Stewart,  Cornelius 
and  William  Price,  Tom  Mackin,  Elihu  Granger,  Dan  Mc- 
Elroy,  Dan  O'Hara,  Col.  Dick  Hamilton,  Elisha  Tracy  and 
Ike  Cook. 


UNDEK     THE     MARSHALS.  69 

It  was  Chicago's  first  experience  with  a  mob,  uiul  when 
the  angry  passions  wliich  liad  been  excited  so  readily  by  po- 
litical differences  had  cooled  down,  citizens  began  to  ask 
themselves  what  would  have  been  the  result  that  nii^ht  if  a 
single  shot  had  been  fired  ?  What  was  there  to  check  a  riot  ? 
Upon  what  protection  cciuld  peaceable  citizens  depend  ?  The 
police  force  was  unworthy  of  consideration.  The  example 
set  by  this  mob  might  be  followed  by  other  and  more  des- 
perate ones.  Better  protection  was  demanded  on  all  sides. 
The  more  the  subject  was  discussed  the  more  dangerous  the 
situation  appeared.  It  only  required  a  few  mouths  to  prove 
that  this  alarm  was  not  groundless. 


70  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


CHAPTER  V. 

FROM  1851  TO  1858— THE  POLICE  SERVICE  GROWS  IN  IMPORTANCE- 
DECLINE  AND  FALL  OF  KNOW-NOTHINGISM— THE  CELEBRATED  "  LAGER 
BEER"  RIOT— RACE  AND  RELIGIOUS  PREJUDICE— DESTRUCTION  OF  "THE 
SANDS"— AN  ANTI-SLAVERY  MOB— HARD  TIMES  IN  THE  YOUNG  CITY- 
SUFFERINGS  OF  THE  POOR  AND  FRIGHTFUL  INCREASE  OF  CRIME— THE 
ADMINISTRATIONS  OF  MAYORS  BOONE.  DYER  AND  SVENTWORTH  RE- 
VIEWED. 

We  have  reached  a  most  remarkable  period  in  the  history 
of  this  citv.  The  events  o£  1855  were  extraordinary  enouo-h 
to  have  impressed  themselves  upon  the  memory  of  every 
old  citizen  indelibly,  and  such  "would  have  been  the  case 
were  it  not  that  the  war  of  the  rebellion  and  the  great  fire  of 
'71  built  barriers  mountain-hicrh  between  the  Chicao^o  of  the 
Past  and  the  Chicago  of  the  Present.  And  is  it  not  possible, 
nay,  probable,  high  in  our  estimation  as  the  events  of  the 
Present  may  be,  and  fraught,  as  Ave  think  them,  with  such 
vital  importance  to  the  city,  that  some  overshadowing  calam- 
ity, some  mighty  revolution  in  our  affairs,  may  occur,  which 
will  make  them  appear  insignificant  to  those  who  come 
after  us? 

The  anti-Popery  riots  of  the  last  century  in  London 
would  have  shrunken  into  obscurity  had  not  Dickens  woven 
from  the  career  of  the  hair-brained  fanatic,  Lord  George 
Gordon,  the  story  of  Barnaby  Rudge.  Historians  pass  over 
the  episode,  deeming  it  too  trivial  to  merit  the  attention  of 
their  erudite  minds;  but  the  touch  of  the  novelist  has 
brought  it  out  in  relief  as  one  of  the  most  interesting  and 
entrancing  chapters  in  the  history  of  the  English  people. 
When  the  coming  American  novelist,  if  he  be  a  Chicagoau, 
is  searching  for  facts  upon  which  to  frame  his  romances,  he 


DAYS     OF     DISTURBANCE.  71 

will  ill  all  likelihood  gloat  oxultiugl y  over  the  musty,  ragged, 
incomplete  records  which  will  be  then  in  existence,  to  tell 
the  story  of  intolerance,  bigotry,  race  prejudice  and  religious 
fanaticism  which  culminated  in  the  lager  beor  riot  in  1855. 
Tlirou""liout  the  entire  country  bitterness  had  taken  the  i)lace 
of  good  fellowship.  "  It  was,"  says  a  writer  in  later  years, 
"one  of  the  hottest  and  most  unreasoning  political  peri(xls 
in  the  history  of  the  country.  Passion  ran  high  on  all  sides. 
The  temperance  question  was  alive ;  the  Catholic  (j[uestion  al- 
most precipitated  a  religious  war,  and  kiiow-nothingism  hung 
on  the  outer  wall  a  banner  inscribed,  ' '  Put  none  but 
Americans  on  guard!  Each  one  of  these  questions  was 
well  calculated  to  rouse  the  very  worst  passions,  and  under 
this  stimulus  sprang  up  a  generation  of  '  b'hoys '  that,  until 
the  war  of  the  rebellion,  were  the  terror  of  all  large  Amer- 
ican cities.'' 

Dr.  Levi  D.  Boone,  the  candidate  of  the  American  or 
know-nothing  party,  was  elected  mayor  of  Chicago  in  March, 
1855,  after  one  of  the  most  bitter  political  contests  that  has 
ever  occurred  in  this  city.  Indeed,  the  entire  city  government 
was  in  the  hands  of  the  "Native  American  party,"  and  no 
better  illustration  of  the  length  to  which  race  prejudice 
was  permitted  to  extend  can  be  found,  than  in  the  fact  that 
every  applicant  for  employment  under  the  city  administra- 
tion was  compelled  to  prove  that  he  had  been  born  on  Amer- 
ican soil.  The  mobbing  of  Douglas,  together  with  the 
probability  that  trouble  would  result  from  the  enforcement  of 
a  stringent  temperance  law,  which  the  legislature  of  the 
preceding  winter  had  ordered  to  be  submitted  to  the  people, 
for  ratification  or  rejection — and  which  it  was  believed  would 
certainly  be  ratified — convinced  all  good  citizens  that  the 
constabulary  should  be  increased.  The  new  council  passed 
ordinances  immediately,  providing  for  the  creation  of  a  po- 
lice department  and  a  force  of  eighty  or  ninety  men.  Every 
man  appointed  on  this  force  was  a  native  American.  It 
should  be  remembered  that  this  discrimination  was  enforced 


72  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

in  the  face  of  the  fact  that  one-half  the  population  was  foreign- 
born.  "AVhat  a  change  less  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  has 
brought!"  said  Mr.  Cook,  in  the  Chicago  Times  in  1877.  "A 
prescriptive  spirit  of  that  sort  could  not  now  maintain  itself 
for  a  moment  even  in  the  most  intolerant  community  in  the 
country,  and  least  of  all  in  Chicago.  Now  the  Chicago  police 
force  is  divided  among  all  nationalities.  And  this  is  well, 
not  so  much  because  every  nationality  has  an  individual 
right  to  be  represented  in  the  force — it  has  nothing  of  the 
sort — but  because  business  can  be  best  expedited  in  that  way, 
and  the  ends  of  justice  and  the  interests  of  humanity  are  so 
best  subserved.  Now  the  German  districts  are  largely 
patrolled  by  German  policemen,  the  Scandinavian  by  Scan- 
dinavian, and  so  on  through  the  whole  list.  By  this  means 
each  policeman  is  his  own  interpreter,  and  many  serious 
blunders  and  mistakes  are  avoided." 

The  temperance  crusade  at  this  time,  the  impartial 
reviewer  of  tJiese  events  is  constrained  to  say,  was  not  insti- 
tuted from  any  very  exalted  motives  on  the  part  of  public 
functionaries,  nor  to  conserve  the  ends  of  public  morality; 
but  purely  and  simply  to  strike  at  the  habits  and  customs  of 
one  class  of  foreigners — the  Germans.  The  assault  which 
was  made  upon  the  social  life  of  these  foreign-born  people 
was  entirely  unprovoked  and  outrageously  wanton.  The  men 
who  attempted  to  deprive  them  of  the  privilege  of  drinking 
beer  were,  with  few  exceptions,  notorious  for  their  own 
convivial  habits.  While  claiming  apostolic  purity  in  their 
warfare  upon  intemperance,  their  aim  was  to  drive  out  the 
beer  sellers  by  imposing  heavy  and  intolerable  burdens  u[)on 
them  in  the  way  of  taxation.  The  mayor  Avho  drank  grog 
himself  was  not  above  resorting  to  the  sheerest  trickery  in 
order  to  deprive  his  fellow-citizens  of  German  birth  or  ex- 
traction from  indulging  their  taste  for  beer,  but  he  lived  to 
see  his  mistake,  and  to  feel  ashamed  of  the  narrow-minded 
views  which  were  his  in  '55. 

He  had  scarcelv  taken  his  oath  of  office  before  he  recom- 


EDWARD   J.  STEELE, 
Comdz.   Detectives  Central  Station. 


DAYS     OF     DISTURBANCE,  73 

mended  to  the  council  that  the  li(juor  license  fee  be  raised 
from  fifty  to  three  hnndved  dollars  per  annum,  and  that  no 
license  be  issued  for  a  longer  period  than  three  months.  In 
later  years  he  claimed  that  he  made  this  recommendation 
thinking  it  would  be  a  wise  precaution,  since  it  would  "drive 
out  all  the  lower  class  of  dives  and  leave  the  business  in  the 
hands  of  the  better  class  of  saloon  keepers,  who,  when  the 
temperance  law  should  go  into  force,  could  be  rationally 
dealt  with."  Even  Avere  this  his  motive,  his  reasoning  was 
most  illogical,  for  the  smaller  liquor  dealers  Avere  by  no 
means  the  worst,  nor  were  the  larger  dealers  by  any  means 
the  best.  What  he  intended  was  to  drive  out  the  small 
beer  dealers  who  Avere  scattered  particularly  throughout  the 
North  Side,  Avhere  the  Germans  Avere  in  the  ascendency, 
knoAving  that  as  they  depended  for  existence  upon  the  cus- 
tom of  an  economical  and  laAV-abiding  people,  and,  as  their 
profits  Avere  but  small,  in  comparison  Avith  those  of  the  doAvn 
toAvn  whisky-dealers,  they  could  not  meet  the  demanded  in- 
crease in  the  license  fee,  and  Avould  be  compelled  to  close 
up.  The  ordinance  was  passed,  of  course,  and  the  beer 
dealers  banded  together  to  defeat  its  execution. 

It  Avas  the  last  straAV  and  it  bi'oke  the  camel's  back.  As 
long  as  the  knoAv-nothings  confined  themselves  to  mere 
abuse,  ridicule  and  misrepresentation,  the  German-born  citi- 
zen paid  little  attention  to  the  agitation,  wisely  calculating 
that  the  mad  prejvidice  Avould  soon  Avear  itself  out.  But 
soon  as  an  attempt  Avas  made  to  deprive  them  of  rights  Avhich 
they  had  enjoyed  under  a  despotic  government,  of  rights 
guaranteed  them  by  the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
they  felt  that  if  they  did  not  now  assert  themselves  as 
men  in  behalf  of  their  liberties,  "there  Avould  soon  be  in- 
stituted for  the  Avhite  alien  a  slavery  as  abject  as  the  negroes' 
servitude  on  the  Southern  plantation." 

The  excitement  throughout  the  city  ran  high,  but  the 
Nord  Seite  was  in  a  perfect  ferment.  Meetings  Avere  held, 
speeches  were  made,  resolutions  were  adopted,  and  pledges 


74  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

were  registered  that  the  Germans  of  Chicago  woukl  die,  if 
need  be,  rather  than  submit  to  this  outrage  upon  their 
rights.  Loud-mouthed,  shallow-brained  and  mischief -loving 
agitators  stepped  to  the  front,  and  the  result  was  a  frenzied 
state  of  public  feeling,  for  and  against  the  ordinance.  The 
Irish  and  Scandinavian  citizens  who  drank  alcoholic  liquors, 
or  didn't  drink  liquor  at  all,  were  naturally  in  sympathy 
with  the  Germans,  avIio  had  a  weakness  for  malt,  and  made 
common  cause  against  the  fanatical  party.  The  line  for 
once  was  clearly  drawn.  All  native  Americans  were  not 
know-nothings,  but  all  know-nothings  were  native  Ameri- 
cans, and  they  had  ari-ayed  themselves  against  foreign-born 
citizens  of  every  nationality. 

As  if  to  blow  the  flames  into  a  whiter  heat,  the  mayor 
attempted  in  the  midst  of  this  excitement  to  enforce  the 
almost  forgotten  Sunday  law,  which  had  been  adopted  when 
the  place  was  a  mere  village,  and  had  been  a  dead  letter  for 
years.  The  back  and  side  doors  of  the  whisky  shops  Avere 
open  to  the  natives  on  the  Sabbath,  but  the  German  beer 
gardens  and  saloons  were  ordered  to  be  closed  tight.  Nat- 
urally the  Germans  resisted,  and  the  result  was  that  over 
two  hundred  of  them  were  arrested  for  violation  of  the 
license  and  the  Sunday  ordinances.  Some  of  them  Avere  com- 
mitted to  the  city  prison  and  others  were  liberated  under 
bonds.  The  saloon  keepers  decided  to  unite  for  defense  and 
resistance,  contributed  toward  a  common  fund  and  engaged 
counsel  to  represent  all.  It  was  decided  between  counsel 
for  the  defense  and  the  city  attorney  that  a  test  case  should 
be  tried,  the  agreement  being  that  the  decision  should  settle 
the  dispute.  The  case  was  set  for  the  21st  of  April,  and 
was  to  be  heard  before  Squire  Henry  L.  Rucker,  Avhose  ofhce 
was  in  the  public  square,  bet^veen  the  Court  House  and  the 
watch  house.  The  case  Avas  called,  but  before  proceedings 
were  well  under  Avay  an  uproar  Avas  heard  outside.  The 
liberated  saloon  keepers  had  collected  their  friends  on  the 
North  Side,  and,  preceded  by  a  fife  and  drum,  the  mob,  about 


DAYS    OF     DISTURBANCE.  i'O 

500  strong,  had  marched  in  solid  phaLanx  upon  tlie  justice 
shop,  as  many  as  coukl  entering  the  sacred  precincts.  After 
making  themselves  understood  that  the  decision  of  the  court 
must  be  in  their  favor,  if  the  town  didn't  want  a  taste  of 
war,  they  retired  and  formed  at  the  intersection  of  Clark 
and  Randolph  streets,  and  held  possession  of  these  thorough- 
fares to  the  exclusion  of  all  traffic.  Crowds  gathered  from 
all  sections  of  the  city,  friends  and  enemies,  and  the  uproar 
around  the  Sherman  House  was  deafening.  The  situation 
was  a  threatening  one,  but  Mayor  Boone,  narrow-minded  as 
he  was,  had  the  courage  of  his  convictions,  and  a  high  and 
clear  sense  of  his  duties  as  the  city  s  chief  magistrate,  and 
he  prepared  to  grapple  with  it  Avitli  admirable  energy. 

Under  the  new  organization  of  the  police  force.  Marshal 
Darius  Knights  remained,  but  its  real  head  was  Cyrus  P. 
Bradley.  He  was  Chicago's  first  Chief  of  Police,  and  it 
was  he  who  reorganized  the  service  in  1855.  Bradley  was 
born  at  Concord,  N.  H.,  Nov.  14,  1819,  and  located  in  Chi- 
cago when  about  18  years  of  age,  when  he  entered  into  the 
employment  of  H.  H.  Norton,  Walters  &  Co.,  near  Fort 
Dearborn.  He  married  in  1843  the  daughter  of  John 
Hodgson,  and  in  1849  was  appointed  collector  of  taxes  for 
South  Chicajjo.  His  heroic  conduct  durino-  the  Hoods  in 
detaching  vessels  from  the  ice-gorge  and  breaking  up  the 
jam,  brought  him  more  prominently  into  notice.  He  had  been 
identified  for  some  time  with  Pioneer  Fire  Engine  Co,  No.  1 
and  was  one  of  its  first  foremen.  In  1860  he  succeeded  Ashley 
Gilbert  as  fire  marshal,  serving  for  two  terms,  and  he  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Firemen's  Benevolent  Associa- 
tion, acting  as  its  secretary  till  1885,  when,  after  serving 
two  terms  as  sheriff  in  the  meantime,  lie  was  appointed 
Chief  of  Police  by  Mayor  Boone,  and  from  the  spring  of 
1850  to  the  spring  of  1860  he,  with  B.  C.  Yates,  J.  H.  Wil- 
liams and  Chris.  Noyes,  conducted  a  private  detective  agency, 
and  afterward  conducted  a  similar  institution  alone.  His 
detective  abilitv  ranked  high.     Before  the  war  he  was  a  mem- 


76  THl']    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

ber  of  the  Light  Artillery,  Avliich  became  known  as  batteries 
"A"  and  "B,"  but  he  did  not  go  into  actual  service.  When 
the  war  broke  out  he  was  superintendent  of  police,  and  did 
valuable  service  as  provost  marshal,  "by  placing  an  iron- 
bound  embargo,"  says  his  biographer,  "upon  fugitives  from 
the  draft.  Policemen  were  placed  at  all  the  depots  and  on 
vessels  in  the  harbor,  and  all  persons  subject  to  the  draft 
were  compelled  to  show  they  were  not  leaving  to  avoid  serv- 
ice." He  resigned  the  superintendency  in  18()2,  was  after- 
ward elected  secretary  of  the  Police  Board,  continuing  in 
that  capacity  till  1864,  and  from  that  date  to  his  death  was 
connected  with  the  government  secret  service,  doing  splendid 
work  in  the  detection  of  counterfeiters.  He  died  March 
6,  1865. 

Previous  to  Bradley's  time  there  had  been  no  regular  day 
patrol,  but  now  the  force  was  put  on  constant  duty.  Luther 
Nichols  was  captain.  Knights,  Bradley  and  Nichols  were 
men  of  great  force  of  character  and  Avide  experience,  and 
they  seconded  the  efforts  of  the  mayor  to  restore  due  respect 
for  the  law. 

After  the  mob  had  completely  blockaded  Clark  and  Ran- 
dolph streets,  Captain  Nichols  waited  upon  Mayor  Boone  and 
demanded  orders.  "What  shall  I  do'?"  he  asked.  "Clear 
the  streets  and  disperse  the  mob,"  was  the  answer.  This 
Captain  Nichols  proceeded  to  do,  at  the  head  of  a  squad  of 
policemen,  and,  notwithstanding  the  apparently  determined 
stand  it  had  taken,  the  mob  was  quickly  scattered.  A  num- 
ber of  men  who  offered  resistance  were  arrested  and  quietly 
locked  up. 

This  was  entirely  satisfactory  so  far,  and  the  mayor, 
taking  a  look  over  the  ground,  congratulated  himself  that 
the  disagreeable  business  was  over.  But  it  wasn't.  This 
was  in  the  morning.  The  South  Side  was  quiet,  but  the 
North  Side  was  preparing  for  another  demonstration.  It 
was  decided  to  form  into  line  in  the  afternoon,  cross  over 
the    river    and    rescue    the    prisoners.     The    rioters  armed 


^^--2.. 


REUBEN    SLAYTON, 
Lieut.  Comds;.  Detectives  Cent)  a  I  Station. 


DAYS     (IF     DISTURBANCE.  77 

themselves  with  shot  guns,  rifles,  pistols,  clubs,  knives,  and 
every  species  of  weapon  within  reach.  Wild  rumors  of 
their  intended  raid  began  to  reach  the  South  Side,  and  these 
rumors  Avere  quickly  confirmed  to  the  satisfacticni  of  the 
mayor.  He  at  once  swore  in  one  hundred  and  fifty  special 
policemen,  and  had,  therefore,  at  his  command  nearly  two 
hundred  and  fifty  men  in  all. 

Speeches  were  being  made  to  the  mob  over  on  the  North 
Side.  The  excited  people  were  told  that  unless  they  suc- 
ceeded now  in  checking  the  outrages  that  were  being  heaped 
upon  them,  they  might  just  as  well  prepare  to  leave  the 
country,  for  the  know-nothings  would  never  stoj)  until  they 
had  burnt  down  their  homes  and  murdered  their  families. 
The  cry  was  for  war,  and  the  response  was  manifest  in  the 
large  numbers  of  young  and  old  men,  ordinarily  peaceful, 
and  even  women,  armed  to  the  teeth,  who  flocked  toward 
the  avenging  army. 

It  was  about  3  o'clock  when  the  mob  began  to  move, 
making  its  way  down  Clark  street  to  the  bridge.  Here  it 
met  with  a  disaster  that  it  had  not  calculated  upon.  The 
mob  moved  in  two  detachments,  there  being  quite  an  in- 
terval between  the  first  and  second.  The  first  passed  safely 
over  the  river,  and  then  the  bridge-tender,  acting  upon  the 
mayor's  orders,  swung  the  draw  and  prevented  the  second 
detachment  from  following.  As  soon  as  the  rioters,  com- 
prising the  latter,  realized  how  neatly  they  had  been  tricked, 
a  howl  went  up  that  was  heard  in  the  Court  House  square. 
They  demanded  that  the  bridge-tender  close  the  draw  at 
once.  They  threatened  him  with  death.  They  coaxed  him 
with  honied  words.  They  offered  bribes.  Some  talked  of 
shooting  him.  The  bridge-tender  shouted  across  the  yawn- 
ing space  that  he  was  acting  under  orders  from  the  mayor, 
and  that  much  as  he  would  like  to  accommodate  the  irentle- 
men  in  waiting  on  the  north  abutment,  he  could  not  con- 
veniently disobey  the  orders  of  his  superior.  The  parley 
went  on  for  some  time,  till  at  length  the  mayor,  having  per- 


78  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

fected  his  arrangements,  ordered  the  bridge  opened,  and  the 
rioters  swarmed  across,  only  to  be  met  by  a  solid  body  of 
policemen  thrown  across  Clark,  between  Lake  and  Ran- 
dolph streets,  A  collision  was  expected,  and  it  came.  Cries 
of  "  Shoot  the  police,"  "  Pick  out  the  stars,"  rose  from  the 
mob,  accompanied  by  the  cracking  of  guns  and  pistols. 
The  police  replied  without  waiting  for  orders,  and  for  sev- 
eral minutes  there  was  a  hot  engagement  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  Sherman  House.  A  German,  whose  name  is  lost,  lev- 
elled a  double-barrelled  shot  gun  at  Officer  Hunt  and  blew 
ofif  his  left  arm.  Sheriff  Andrews,  who  had  joined  the  po- 
lice, with  a  posse,  saw  this,  and  ordered  a  young  man  named 
Frazer,  standing  by  his  side,  to  return  the  fire.  He  did  so, 
shooting  the  German  dead.  A  large  number  were  wounded 
on  both  sides,  and  several  mysterious  funerals  occurred  on 
the  North  Side  within  the  next  few  days,  which  convinced 
the  authorities  that  a  number  of  the  rioters  had  been  fatally 
wounded.  There  is  positive  knowledge,  however,  of  only 
one  death,  the  man  killed  by  Frazer.  Officer  Hunt  is  still 
in  the  police  force,  and  for  many  years  has  been  detailed 
for  special  duty  in  the  comptroller's  office.  The  city  coun- 
cil, at  the  suggestion  of  Mayor  Boone,  voted  him  $3,000  in 
consideration  of  the  loss  of  his  arm,  and  for  over  twenty 
years  afterward  he  had  this  amount  out  at  interest,  with  Dr. 
Boone  for  his  financial  agent. 

Instead  of  releasing  the  prisoners  the  riot  added  sixty 
more  to  their  niimber. 

The  excitement  was  so  great  throughout  the  city  that  the 
Montgomery  guards,  an  Irish  military  company  commanded 
by  R.  R.  Swift,  at  that  time  a  prominent  financier,  and  the 
Chicago  Light  Guards,  an  American  company,  were  called 
out.  Swift,  it  is  said,  was  ordered  by  Mayor  Boone  to  pro- 
tect the  Court  House  with  his  artillery.  He  had  two  guns, 
and  claimed  that  at  most  he  could  only  protect  two  sides  of 
the  structure  at  a  time.  The  mayor  then  drew  up  a  dia- 
gram for  him,  to  demonstrate  that  by  placing  one  gun  at 


DAYS     OF    DISTURBANCE.  79 

LaSalle  and  Washington  streets,  and  the  other  at  Kandolph 
and  Clark,  he  Avould  be  able  to  command  all  the  approaches 
to  the  square.  This  settled  the  matter  for  Swift.  As  soon 
as  he  saw  that  it  could  be  done,  the  terrible  responsibility  of 
his  position  flashed  across  his  great  financial  mind,  and  he 
withdrew  from  his  command,  appointing  a  lieutenant  to  act 
in  his  place — a  man  who,  it  is  confidently  held,  would  not 
have  hesitated  to  mow  down  the  mob  had  it  made  its  appear- 
ance in  the  square. 

But  the  riot  was  over.  The  mob  was  defeated.  Not» 
however,  the  cause  for  which  the  North  Siders  fought. 
Nearly  all  the  cases  against  the  imprisoned  rioters  were  dis- 
missed, no  disposition  was  manifested  to  carry  the  bitterness 
much  further;  there  was  a  very  loud  demand  from  fair- 
minded  people  of  American  birth  that  the  disreputable 
tactics  of  the  know-nothings  be  stopped ;  the  reaction  had 
begun  to  set  in ;  the  minds  of  the  people  were  expanding 
under  the  teachings  of  the  founders  of  the  republican  party, 
and  little  by  little  the  "Native  American"  idea  faded  until 
it  finally  vanished  out  of  sight  forever. 

The  native  American  party  had  run  things  with  a  high 
hand  during  1855,  and  with  anything  but  satisfaction  to  the 
citizens.  Levi  D.  Boone  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  Dyer  as 
mayor;  James  M.  Donnelly  succeeded  Darius  Knights  as 
marshal ;  J.  W.  Connett  succeeded  Luther  Nichols  as  captain, 
and  Cyrus  B.  Bradley  was  retired.  The  office  of  chief  of 
police  was  abolished.  Under  the  new  organization  the  city 
was  divided  into  three  police  districts,  and  a  station  estab- 
lished in  each  division.  Police  station  No.  1  was  located  up 
stairs  in  the  north  end  of  South  Market  Hall,  on  State,  be- 
tween Lake  and  Randolph  streets,  and  was  in  charge  of  1st 
Lieutenant  H.  Shockley  and  2d  Lieutenant  Charles  Chilson. 
Police  station  No.  2  was  located  ap  stairs  in  the  east  end  of 
West  Market  Hall,  on  West  Randolph,  near  Desplaines 
street,  and  was  in  charge  of  1st  Lieutenant  M.  Finocan  and 
2d  Lieutenant  Frederick  Gund.     Police  station  No.    3  was 


80  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

located  up  stairs  in  the  south  end  of  North  Market  Hall,  on 
Michigan,  near  Clark  street,  and  was  in  charge  of  1st  Lieu- 
tenant John  Gorman, 

There  were  three  police  justices:  Calvin  DeAVolf,  South 
Division ;  Nathan  Allan,  AVest  Division,  and  T.  J.  Prendergast, 
North  Division.  Benjamin  R.  Knapp  was  clerk.  Marshal 
Donnelly's  office  was  in  the  Court  House,  South  Side,  as  was 
also  Captain  Connett's.  The  receipts  of  the  police  depart- 
ment, fines,  etc.,  for 'the  year  ending  February  1,  1850, 
were  $21,260.26,  and  the  expenditures  187,248.29,  which 
sum  covered  the  cost  of  suppressing  the  lager  beer  riot,  in 
addition  to  the  regular  expenses  of  the  department.  The 
population  was  less  than  100,000;  there  were  156  street 
lamps  on  the  South  Side,  costing  $8,687.00,  31  on  the  West 
Side,  costing  1984. 00  and  04  on  the  North  Side,  costing  $2,760, 
for  the  year.  The  strength  of  the  police  force  remained 
about  the  same — between  eighty  and  ninety  men. 

During  Mayor  Dyer's  administration  hard  times  had  be- 
gun to  strike  the  country,  and  they  were  nowhere  felt  more 
keenly  than  in  Chicago.  Toward  the  latter  part  of  1856 
and  early  in  1857,  the  streets  were  thronged  with  idle  men 
and  crime  increased  alarmingly.  Burglaries  were  of  almost 
nightly  occurrence,  daring  robberies  were  committed  on  the 
streets,  and  the  police  were  everywhere  denounced  for  their 
alleged  inefficiency.  Financial  panics  and  mercantile  dis- 
asters succeeded  each  other  with  startling  regularity  and 
rapidity ,  failures  were  reported  from  all  sections  and  some 
of  the  oldest  houses  in  the  land  went  under.  Discontent  was 
general,  and  Chicago  was  overrun  by  desperate  characters. 

The  municij)al  election  was  an  exciting  one,  there  being 
considerable  bad  blood  engendered  by  a  vigorous  and  bitter 
campaign.  In  the  7th  ward,  then  known  as  "the  bloody 
ground,"  Charles  Seifert  was  beaten  to  death  at  the  polls, 
and  there  was  serious  rioting  and  many  heads  broken  in  the 
10th  ward.  John  Wentworth  took  his  seat  in  March,  1857, 
and  found  the  city  in   a  pretty  low  condition  morally  and 


ANSON    BACKUS, 
lAeut.   Comdir.  West  Lake  St.  Distiict. 


DAYS     OF     DISTURBANCE.  81 

financially.  James  M.  Donnelly  remained  as  city  marshal, 
but  Bartholomew  C.  Yates  succeeded  James  W.  Connett  as 
captain.  Station  No.  1  was  in  charge  of  1st  Lieutenant 
Luther  Nichols  and  2d  Lieutenant  D.  E.  Ambrose,  and  Geo. 
W.  Hunt  was  sergeant.  Station  No.  2  was  in  charge  of  1st 
Lieutenant  John  M.  Kennedy  and  Sergeant  William  Wig- 
gins, the  2d  lieutenancy  being  vacant.  Station  No.  3  was  in 
charge  of  2d  Lieutenant  Henry  A.  Kauflfman  and  Sergeant 
L.  Prindle,  the  1st  lieutenancy  being  vacant.  The  police 
justices  were:  John  Lyle  King,  Jr.,  M.  Grants  and  John  C. 
Miller ;  F.  S.  Hooke  being  clerk.  In  addition  to  the  regular 
force  a  "fire  policeman"  was  appointed  for  each  ward.  This 
year  C.  F.  Chilson  was  fire  policeman  for  the  1st  ward,  Ira 
Colman  for  the  2d,  Delos  N.  Chappell  for  the  3d,  Robert 
Cunningham  for  the  4th,  William  K.  Norwood  for  the  5th, 
Joseph  Mitchell  for  the  6tli,  Jacob  Myers  for  the  7th,  C.  K. 
Nichols  for  the  8th,  Jacob  Knaus  for  the  9th  and  Robert 
Scuden  for  the  10th.  Then  there  were  the  "bell  ringfers" — 
M.  Joyce  and  C.  Boltz  for  the  Court  House,  Nicholas  Lacey 
for  Twelfth  street,  J.  M.  Mattey  and  Martin  Schuffer,  West 
Harrison  and  Jefferson  streets,  and  Philip  Petrie  for  Fourth, 
near  Milwaukee  avenue.  The  superintendent  of  the  reform 
school  was  D.  B.  Nichols. 

Four  new  wards  were  added  to  the  city  and  the  following 
vrere  the  boundaries  of  the  ten : 

1st  Ward. — All  that  part  of  the  South  Division  east  ot  State  street. 

2 J  Ward. — All  that  part  of  the  South  Division  between  State  and 
Clark  streets. 

3d  Ward. — All  that  part  of  the  South  Division  between  Clark  and 
Wells  streets  (now  Fifth  avenue)  extendiuf?  south  to  city  limits. 

4th  Ward. — All  that  part  of  the  South  Division  lying  west  of  Wells 
street  extended. 

5th  Ward.  -All  that  part  of  West  Division  between  West  Randolph 
and  West  Harrison  streets. 

6th  Ward.— All  that  part  of  West  Division  lying  north  of  West  Ran- 
dolph street. 

7th  Ward.— All  that  part  of  North  Division  lying  west  of  North  La- 
Salle  street. 

6* 


82  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

8th  Ward. — All  that  part  of  North  Division  between  Wolcott  and 
North  LaSalle  street. 

9th  Ward. — All  that  part  of  North  Division  lying  east  of  Wolcott 
street. 

lOtli.  Ward.— All  that  part  of  West  Division  lying  south  of  Harrison 
street. 

Mayor  Wentwortli,  shortly  after  taking-  office,  appointed 
E.  S.  Hansen  to  be  2d  lieutenant  South  Division;  Charles 
M.  Taylor  to  be  2d  lieutenant  West  Division,  and  John 
Noyes  2d  lieutenant  North  Division,  to  fill  vacancies  existing 
in  them,  caused  by  promotion. 

Various  legends  are  afloat  to  this  day  regarding  the  raid 
made  in  Mayor  Wentworth's  time  upon  the  "Sands."  There 
are  as  many  versions  of  the  story  as  there  are  persons  who 
tell  it.  It  would  be  impossible  to  extract  from  the  variety 
of  accounts  one  that  would  stand  the  test  of  investigation, 
and  it  is  deemed  best  to  give  here  the  plain  unvarnished 
tale  as  it  appeared  in  the  Chicago  Tribune  on  April  21,  1857, 
the  day  after  the  raid: 

The  Dens  in  the  Sands  Beoken  Up— Nine  Buildings  Torn  Down 
AND  Six  Burned. — Decidedly  the  vilest  and  most  dangerous  place  in 
Chicago  is,  or  rather  was,  the  locality  in  the  North  Division  near  the  lake 
shore,  known  as  the  Sands.  For  some  years  past  it  has  been  the  resort 
or  hiding  place  of  all  sorts  of  criminals,  while  the  most  wretched  and  de- 
graded women  and  their  miserable  pimps  congregated  there  in  large  num- 
bers. A  large  number  of  persons,  mostly  strangers  ia  the  city,  have  been 
enticed  into  the  dens  there  and  robbed,  and  there  is  but  little  doubt  that  a 
number  of  murders  have  been  committed  by  the  desperate  characters  who 
have  made  these  dens  their  homes.  The  most  beastly  sensuality  and 
darkest  crimes  had  their  homes  in  the  Sands,  so  famous  in  Chicago's  po- 
lice annals. 

Previous  to  yesterday  several  unsuccessful  attempts  had  been  made  to 
break  xip  the  "  Sand  Houses,"  but  the  land  upon  which  they  stood  was 
in  litigation  in  the  United  States  courts,  and  the  litigants,  in  view  of  the 
uncertainty  of  the  law,  were  disinclined  to  take  any  violent  lueasures  to 
eject  the  occupants. 

A  short  time  since  Hon.  W.  B.  Ogden  purchased  the  interest  of  one 
of  the  litigants,  and  a  few  days  since  Mr.  Ogden's  agents  notified  all  the 
occupants  to  vacate  the  premises  forthwith,  or  their  buildings  would  be 
torn  down,  and  at  the  same  time,  to  avoid  as  much  difficulty  as  possible, 
purchased  the  buildings  of  such  of  the  owners  as  would  sell  them  for  a 
reasonable  price. 

Finding  that  the  occupants  were  determined  to  retain  possession  aa 


DAYS     OF     DISTURBANCE.  S3 

long  as  possible,  yesterday  morning  the  agent,  accompanied  by  a  deputy 
sheriff,  arrived  with  writs  of  ejectment,  and  assisted  by  a  large  posse  and 
some  thirty  policemen,  headed  by  the  mayor,  had  five  disreputable  houses 
and  four  shanties  turndown.  The  inmates  were  allowed  a  sufficient  time 
to  move  their  furniture  into  the  streets;  hooks  and  chains  were  then  fast- 
ened to  the  buikliu^'s,  one  after  another,  and  down  they  came.  This  was 
in  the  morning,  and  the  proceeding  attracted  a  crowd  of  several  thoixsand 
persons. 

One  or  two  of  the  houses  were  not  destroyed,  the  occupants  promis- 
ing to  vacate  them  to-day. 

Yesterday  afternoon,  about  4:30  o'clock,  six  of  the  remaining  build- 
ings, all  houses  of  the  worst  character,  were  burned  to  the  ground.  As 
the  fire  broke  out  in  three  of  the  buildings  simultaneously,  it  is  probable 
that  they  were  set  on  fire  by  the  inmates,  out  of  spite  to  the  owner  of  the 
property  who  had  just  purchased  them.  They  were  wooden  buildings 
and  of  little  value. 

Thus  this  congregation  of  the  vilest  haunts  of  the  most  depraved  and 
degraded  creatures  in  our  city  has  been  literally  "wiped  out,"  and  the 
miserable  beings  who  swarmed  there  driven  away.  Hereafter,  we  hope 
the  "Sands"  will  be  the  abode  of  the  honest  and  the  industrious,  and 
that  efficient  measures  will  be  taken  to  prevent  any  other  portion  of  the 
city  from  becoming  the  abode  of  another  such  gathering  of  vile  and  vic- 
ious persons. 

The  story  is  told  on  good  authority  that  Mayor  Went- 
worth  had  advertised  a  dog  fight  for  large  stakes,  which  was 
to  occur  outside  the  city,  in  order  to  entice  away  the  male 
inhabitants  of  the  "Sands,"  on  the  day  of  the  contemplated 
raid ;  antl  that  device  succeeded.  There  is,  however,  no  rec- 
ord of  this  piece  of  diplomacy  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Wentworth, 
but  he  has  never  denied  that  the  story  was  well  founded. 
Judging  from  the  frequency  of  the  raids  which  the  police 
made  on  brothels  during  the  following  six  months,  it  appears 
plain  that  the  immediate  effect  of  the  raid  was  to  scatter  the 
former  denizens  of  the  sandy  lake  shore  throughout  the  city, 
and  the  newspapers  commented  upon  the  result  at  the  time 
in  anything  but  complimentary  terms.  The  Tribune,  which 
had  been  friendly  to  his  highness,  as  it  persisted  in  calling 
Mr.  Wentworth,  became  his  bitter  enemy  before  his  term  ex- 
pired. Every  issue  of  the  paper  contained  accounts  of  the 
most  daring  robberies,  burglaries  and  assaults.  Letters  from 
leadiii^'  citizens  were   printed  complaining  of  the    terrible 


84:  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

increase  of  all  manner  of  crime.  The  people  became  almost 
panic-stricken,  and  honest  citizens  returning  to  their  homes 
or  visiting  friends  after  dark,  ran  the  risk  of  being  mistaken 
for  criminals  and  shot.  Nineteen  years  later,  or  in  187G,  a 
very  similar  condition  of  affairs  existed  in  this  city,  which 
was  due  to  precisely  the  same  cause — hard  times.  In  18 o 7, 
as  in  1876,  laborers  and  mechanics  vrere  driven  from  sheer 
want  and  by  the  sufferings  of  their  families,  to  try  their  for- 
tunes as  garroters,  highwaymen,  burglars  and  thieves. 

John  Weutworth  stoutly  maintained  during  these  trying 
times  that  the  police  were  performing  their  whole  duty ;  that 
the  circumstances  were  such  as  to  defy  at  times  the  most 
vigilant  watchfulness  on  the  part  of  the  officers  and  men,  and 
that,  while  admitting  the  increase  of  crime,  the  Tribune  had 
greatly  exaggerated  the  offenses  committed  and  purposely 
misrepresented  the  true  condition  of  affairs.  In  the  paper 
mentioned,  on  the  morning  of  July  9, 1857,  attention  is  called 
to  the  fact  that  the  mayor  had  caused  the  different  lieutenants 
of  police  to  make  an  official  report  to  him  of  the  burglaries 
committed  during  the  month  of  June ;  that  Lieutenant  Han- 
sen of  the  1st  district  (South  Side),  reported  33  robberies; 
that  the  lieutenants  of  the  2d  district  (West  Side)  did  not 
report  at  all,  but  admitted  a  large  number,  and  that  the  lieu- 
tenants of  the  3d  district  (North  Side),  reported  3.  The 
Tribune  charges  that  these  reports  were  intended  rather  to 
disguise  than  to  expose  the  real  state  of  affairs ;  that  unfit 
men  were  appointed  to  the  police  force,  and  that  the  public 
was  at  the  mercy  of  the  criminal  classes.  Mr.  Medill  and 
Dr.  Ray  were  the  editors  of  the  Tribune,  and  John  "Went- 
worth  was  proprietor  and  practically  the  editor  of  the  Demo- 
craf.  The  one  bitterly  criticising  and  denouncing  the  mayor, 
the  other,  of  course,  warmly  defending  and  applauding  him, 
made  the  controversy  during  Wentworth's  term  an  exceed- 
ingly interesting  one.  Neither  paper  spared  abusive  lan- 
guage nor  epithets  of  questionable  decency,  and  sometimes, 
during  the  most  violent  stages  of  the  warfare,  careful  fathers 


DAYS     OF     DISTURBANCE.  85 

* 

and  husbands  hesitated  before  introducing  tne  sheets  into 
their  families. 

Gambling  hells  had  prospered  for  a  number  of  years  pre- 
vious to  Weutworth's  administration  and  numerous  attempts 
■were  made  to  suppress  the  evil.  On  Thursday  evening, 
July  17,  1857,  one  of  the  largest  gaming  houses  in  the  city, 
on  Randolph  between  Clark  and  Dearborn  streets,  was 
raided,  and  18  arrests  were  made.  The  raid  was  managed 
by  Capt.  Yates,  who  received  just  praise,  but  the  gamblers 
were  one  and  all  discharged  afterward,  and  the  police  be- 
came discouraged,  as  they  have  often  been  discouraged  since 
over  the  final  result  of  descents  of  a  like  nature.  Officers 
Grant  and  Brown  caught  a  burglar  a  few  nights  afterward, 
and  the  Tribune  congratulated  the  people  over  the  fact  that 
there  were  at  least  two  men  on  Wentworth's  force  who  real- 
ized that  they  had  other  duties  to  perform  besides  drawing 
their  salaries. 

It  was  in  connection  with  the  gambling  cases  that  John 
Wentworth  committed  "assault  and  battery"  upon  Charles 
Cameron,  many  years  later  a  well-known  local  politician, 
and  at  one  time  city  attorney.  Mr.  Cameron  swore  out  a 
warrant  against  the  mayor  and  the  case  came  up  before 
Justice  Beattie.  The  marshal  was  ordered  to  bring  "  Long 
John  "  into  court,  but  his  honor  refused  to  appear,  denying 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  tribunal.  Mr.  Cameron  testified 
that  he  was  sent  for  by  tvro  men  confined  in  the  watch 
house  on  a  charge  of  gambling.  While  conversing  with 
them  about  their  case  a  policeman  came  up  and  ordered  him 
away.  He  informed  the  officer  that  he  had  been  retained  as 
attorney  by  the  prisoners,  and  that  he  had  a  right  to  con- 
verse with  them.  The  policeman  then  went  away,  and  a 
moment  thereafter  Mayor  Wentworth  came  up,  and  roughly 
shoved  him  toward  two  police  officers,  and  ordered  him 
locked  up.  Cameron  further  testified  that  he  gave  his  name 
and  business  to  the  officers,  in  the  Avatcli  house,  and  was  in- 
formed that  the  charge  against  him  was  that  of  "  resisting 
an  officer."      He  denied  that  he  did  so,  when  the    mavor 


86  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

again  "took  hold  of  liim  and  pushed  him  into  a  cell."  Other 
witnesses  corroborated  the  testimony  of  complainant.  Tlie 
mayor  was  fined  $25,  and  a  judgment  for  $200,  forfeited 
bail,  was  likewise  entered  against  him.  The  matter  was  af- 
terward adjusted  amicably,  and  Cameron  and  Wentworth  in 
later  years  became  fast  friends. 

The  city  narrowly  escaped  a  serious  riot  on  Sunday,  Aug- 
ust 30th.  The  country  was  wild  over  the  "  fugitive  slave 
law"  and  the  "Dred  Scott  case,"  and  in  Chicago  the  sen- 
timent was  almost  as  pronounced  in  favor  of  abolition  as  it 
was  in  Boston.  Any  negro  who  was  fortunate  enough  to 
escape  from  bondage  could  rest  assured  of  a  hospitable  re- 
ception and  full  protection  here.  A  Kentuckian  named 
Thompson,  accompanied  by  a  negro  boy,  arrived  in  the  city 
on  the  day  named.  Some  evil-disposed  person  started  the 
rumor  that  the  negro  was  an  escaped  slave,  and  that  Tliomp- 
son  was  carrying  him  back  to  his  mastsr.  The  rumor 
spread  rapidly,  and  the  story  told  attained  a  sensational 
character  early  in  the  afternoon.  Soon  crowds  began  to 
gather  around  the  hotel  where  Thompson  was  stopping,  and 
threats  of  summary  justice  were  freely  made  and  applauded 
by  the  crowd.  Many  of  the  leading  citizens  were  in  the 
mob,  as  wild  and  lawless  in  their  talk  as  the  "  lower  "  classes. 
By  evening  the  mob  had  swollen  to  alarming  proportions, 
and  now  it  was  not  Thompson  that  was  threatened,  but  the 
landlord  of  the  hotel  which  harbored  him.  Many  in  the 
crowd  threatened  to  burn  down  the  building,  liberate  the 
negro  and  hang  Thompson  and  the  hotel  proprietor.  All 
this  time  the  latter  and  his  guest  attempted  to  make  explan- 
ations from  an  upper  window,  but  the  mob  would  not  listen. 
At  length  Allan  Pinkerton,  Alderman  DeWolf,  Mayor 
Wentworth,  Capt.  Yates  and  some  other  responsible  citizens 
held  a  meeting  and  decided  to  investigate  the  case.  They 
visited  the  hotel  and  learned  to  their  satisfaction  that  Thomp- 
son was  simply  conveying  the  negro  from  Kentucky  to  some 
relatives  in  Monmouth,  111. ;  that  there  was  no  attempt  at 
kidnapping,  and  that  the  negro  himself  was  only  worried 


DAYS     OF     DISTUUBANCE.  87 

lest  harm  should  befall  his  white  companion.  The  commit- 
tee reported  these  facts  to  the  mob;  there  were  many  wlia 
doubted  the  truth  of  the  report,  but  affidavits  made  by  the 
members  of  the  committee  were  read  to  the  excited  multi 
tilde,  and  the  excitement  soon  afterward  faded  away. 

In  a  report  submitted  to  the  common  council  on    Sept,  7, 
the  estimated  expenditures  of  the  police  department  for  the 
year  were  put  down  at  $127,000.  and  the  estimated  receipts 
from  fines,  etc.,  at  §42.103. 

One  of  those  terrible  conflagrations  which  periodically 
occurred  in  Chicago  previous  to  1871,  but  which  have  been 
blotted  out  from  the  memory  of  old  citizens  by  the  great 
fire,  broke  out  at  4  o'clock  on  Monday  morning,  Oct.  19,  of 
this  year,  in  the  stores  100  and  111  South  Water  street.  It 
destroyed  property  on  South  Water  and  Lake  streets  to  the 
value  of  $500,000,  and  18  charred  and  unrecognizable  bod- 
ies were  taken  from  the  ruins.  At  this  fire  the  police  did 
gallant  service  in  assisting  the  firemen,  and  in  the  preven- 
tion of  robberies.  The  city  was  full  of  idlers  and  thieves, 
and  it  required  the  utmost  energy  on  the  part  of  Capt.  Yates 
and  his  men  to  prevent  robberies  during  the  panic  Avhich  the 
fire  created. 

The  winter  of  1857  was  one  of  the  hardest  the  people  o£ 
Chicago  ever  passed  through.  There  was  nothing  doing. 
Bad  financiering,  a  currency  of  uncertain  or  of  no  value,, 
wild  cat  banking,  speculation  and  reckless  extravagance  for 
several  preceding  years  had  borne  bitter  fruit.  The  result 
was  hardship,  poverty,  discontent  and  crime,  throughout  the 
land,  and  in  Chicago  the  outlook  was  little  less  than  hopeless. 
Life  and  property  were  in  constant  danger  from  mobs  and 
criminals,  and  John  Wentworth's  administration  went  out 
amidst  a  general  clamor  from  all  classes  for  a  change  that 
Avould  at  least  check  the  declining  tendency  of  trade  and  in- 
dustry. Even  the  newspapers  reduced  their  size,  and  the 
Tribune  of  those  days  bears  evidence  of  a  terrible  struggle 
to  keep  alive. 

7* 


88  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

FROM  1858  TO  1866— THE  DAYS  OF  LEATHER  BADGES— MAYOR  HAINES 
INTRODUCES  UNIFORMS— JACOB  REHM,  IYER  LAWSOX— SALARIES  OF 
POLICE  OFFICERS-A  FULL  ROSTER  OF  THE  FORCE  IN  1859- WENT- 
WORTH'S  SECOND  TERM  AND  ITS  ECCENTRICITIES-ESTABLISHMENT 
OF  THE  BOARD  OF  POLICE— THE  ENTIRE  F>)RCE  DISCHARGED— 
BRADLEY  AND  NELSON— FAMILIAR  NAMES  APPEARING— THE  WAR 
EPOCH    REVIEWED. 

During  the  administration  of  John  "Wentworth,  he  prac- 
tically acted  as  chief  of  police.  He  made  all  appointments 
and  no  officer  could  be  removed  without  his  consent.  He 
directed  the  work  of  the  force,  and  on  many  of  its  raids  com- 
manded the  men  personally.  The  patrolmen  wore  leather 
badges,  of  his  invention,  a  few  of  which  are  still  in  exist- 
ence, and  preserved  as  priceless  curiosities.  The  men  car- 
ried heavy  canes  by  day  and  batons  by  night.  Instead  of 
patrol  boxes  and  electric  signals  they  were  provided  with 
"  creakers,"  such  as  had  been  used  by  the  watchmen  of 
London  for  three  centuries  before,  devices  vriih  which  to 
call  assistance  in  case  of  distress.  It  Avould  be  difficult  to 
find  such  a  thing  as  a  "creaker"  in  Chicago  now,  but  they 
are  still  in  use  in  some  European  and  Canadian  towns  by  the 
police,  wdiile  the  farmers  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and 
of  some  portions  of  the  Continent,  utilize  them  to  scare  crows 
from  the  grain  fields.  In  later  days  the  police  whistle  su- 
perseded the   "creaker." 

Under  John  C.  Haines,  who  succeeded  Mr.  AVentworth 
as  mayor  in  1858,  the  policemen  of  Chicago  took  upon  them- 
selves a  brighter  hue.  The  uniform  was  then  a  short  blue 
frock  coat,  blu.3  navy  cap  with  gold  band,  and  a  plain  l)rass 
star.   When  Wentworth  was  once  more  elected  mayor,  two  years 


ALEXANDER   ROSS, 
Lieut.    Covidi;.   Desplaines  St.  District. 


THE  DAYS  OF  LEATHER  BADGES.  89 

later,  lie  stripped  them  of  their  gaudy  "plumage,  and  agaiu 
replaced  the  stars  with  leather  badges  worn  on  the  hat  bands 
of  the  men.  Jacob  Relim  became  city  marshal  in  1858 
this,  however,  was  by  no  means  his  first  connection 
with  the  police  force  of  the  city.  John  M.  Kennedy  was  ap- 
pointed captain  of  the  police,  a  position  which  he  held  for 
two  years.  The  bridewell  was  still  located  at  Wells  and 
Polk  streets.  D.  B.  Nichols  managed  the  reform  school,  and 
the  1st  district  station  during  the  year  was  removed  from 
the  South  Market  Hall  to  the  armory  building  on  Franklin 
street.  The  following  were  the  officers  of  the  police  force, 
and  the  salaries  they  drew  in  1858  and  1859: 

OFFICERS.  INCUMBENTS.  SALARIES. 

Police  Justice Andrew  Akin .^1,200 

J.  L.  Milliken 1,200 

Pros.  Atty C.R.Jones 1,200 

Police  Clerk Neils  Larsen 1,200 

City  Marshal Jacob  Rehtn 1,500 

Capt.  of  Police J.  M.  Kennedy 1,500 

IstLieutS.D Wells  Sherman 624 

2d      "  "      Richard  Bellinger 624 

Sergeant,     "      M.M.Gillespie 448 

IstLieut.  N.D F.  Gund 624 

2d     "       '•'     J.C.Davis 624 

Sergeant,    "     W.  H.  Prince 468 

IstLieut.  W.D W.R.Greene 624 

2d        "         "     JohnS.  Palmer 624 

Sergeant      "     Thos.  Bronnell .. 448 

Lieut.  Hosp.  Station..     Michael  Grant 624 

FirePplice,  (S.D.)...-     Ira  Colman 468 

"       (N.  D.)..-     Charles  Warner 468 

"      (W.D.)...     D.H.  Howard 468 

By  a  most  fortunate  discovery  we  are  enabled  to  throw  a 
bright  light  upon  the  police  establishment  of  Chicago,  as 
it  existed  in  1859.  John  C.  Haines  was  still  mayor,  Akin 
and  Milliken  were  the  police  justices,  C.  R.  Jones  was  the 
prosecuting  attorney,  Neils  Larsen  was  the  police  court 
clerk.  Here  we  find  the  mayor  was  provided  with  a  "staflp," 
consisting  of  Geo.  W.  Hunt,  (the  hero  of  the  lager  beer 
riot  J,  E   ^   Chapman   and  John  Oliver.     This  "staff"  was 


90  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

detailed  for  duty  around  the  mayor's  and  otlier  city  offices. 
Then  there  were  two  "police  constables"  who  served  writ:> 
in  relation  to  violations  of  city  ordinances.  These  wer> 
B.  F.  Cravens  and  Asa  Gaines.  And  there  was  a  "  hack 
inspector"  named  A.  Smith.  The  day  " lock-up  turnkey  " 
was  E.  G.  Cook,  and  the  night  "lock-up  turnkey"  was  C.  M. 
Beach. 

The  marshal's  office  had  a  force  of  its  own,  and  for  tha 
first  time  the  police  department  appears  to  be  managed  from 
headquarters,  and  not  from  the  mayor's  office.  Jacob  Behin 
was  marshal  and  his  clerk  was  Charles  Hodgson,  who  became 
first  secretary  of  the  board  of  police  commissioners  later  on, 
and  died  of  the  cholera  in  18G8.  The  detective  force  consisted 
of  Asa  Williams,  J.  H.  Williams,  W.  M.  Douglas,  John 
Macauley,  H.  A.  Kaufman,  N.  S.  Tenbroeck  and  Tobias  Al- 
mendinger.  But,  more  interesting  and  important  than  all, 
we  are  enabled  to  give  the  name  of  nearly  every  man  con- 
nected with  the  regular  police  force  in  1859  and  1860.  Im- 
portant and  interesting,  because  the  latter  year  closes  a 
period  in  the  history  of  Chicago,  because  the  war  of  the 
rebellion  scattered  these  men  broadcast,  because  it  is  the  only 
complete  roster  of  the  force,  as  it  existed  before  the  firing  on 
Sumpter.  Some  of  the  men  mentioned  below  are  still  living 
in  Chicago,  many  live  in  other  parts  of  the  country,  but  the 
greater  part  of  them  are  dead.     Here  is  the  roster: 

WEST  DIVISION. 

First  Lieutenant N.  E.Green. 

Second      "  John  S.  Palmer. 

Fire  Police D.  H.  Howard. 

"        "       P.  Karlhofer. 


PATROLMEN. 

BADGE. 

PATROLMEN. 

BADGE. 

James  Hogan 

-  —  No. 

1 

H.  Simsalt 

.  —  No.   U 

A.  Hare 

a 

2 

F.C.Boone 

....    "        15 

RShippey 

a 

3 

Thos.  Biese 

"        16 

0.  T.  Belkland 

it 

4 

E.  Moore. - 

"      18 

H.  Bale . 

<( 

5 

6 

H.Fink 

"     19 

F.  Elmers 

(( 

J.  A.  Hutchins 

....  "     20 

P.   Milling 

" 

7 

Geo.  Eisenbeis 

....  «     21 

John  Stening 

ii 

8 

M.  Koff 

....  "     22 

THE  DAYS  OF  LEATHER  BADGES. 


91 


PATROLMEN.  BADGE. 

M.Coffey No.  23 

John  McCarthy "  24 

Wm.  Sawyer "  25 

J.  E.Paleu --  "  26 


PATROLMEN.  BADGE. 

George  McAiiley No.  9 

C.  P.Throop..-L.. "    10 

P.  Dehmy. "    11 

H.  Perry.... "    12 

J.J.  Foote,  Sergt "    13 

NORTH  DIVISION. 

First  Lieutenant Frederick  Giiud. 

Second      "  J.  C.  Davis. 

Sergeant W.  H.  Prince. 

Fire  Police C.  Warner. 


PATROLMEN.  BADGE. 

E.  Laugdou No.  27 

C.  McAuliil "  28 

T.  Dehli "  29 

P.O.Patterson "  30 

P.  Phillips "  31 

A.  H.  Robertson "  32 

J.  H.  Grimner "  33 

F.  Reichenbacker "  34 

J.  Bass 


PATROLMEN.  BADGE. 

J.G.Halleck.. ...No.  41 

S.  Fleis "    42 

T.  D.  Fox,  (bridge) "    43 

C.Miller "  -44 

M.  Bishop "    45 

J.  A.  Gund "    46 

S.Marx "    47 


M.  Keble--. 

G.  Leander,  (depot)... 

P.  Kuhn 

J.  F.  Stewart 


48 
49 
50 
51 
T.Johnson "    52 


M.  Petrie. 


53 


"  35 

A.  Vallender "  36 

John  Schmidt "  37 

N.  Reels "  38 

P.  Portman "  39 

C.Jackson "  40 

SOUTH    DIVISION. 

First  Lieutenant Wells  Sherman. 

Second        "         _ Richard  Bellinger. 

Sergeant M.  M.Gillespie. 

Fire  Police Ira  Colmau. 


PATROLMEN.  BADGE. 

J.  Nelson No.  54 

N.  McAuley "    55 

C.  Kolb "    56 

H.  Wood,  (depot) "    57 

P.  Mclntyre "    58 


L.  Colman. 
O.  S.  West. 
F.  Clayton. 
T.Barrett.. 
P.Welch... 


59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
J.  J.  Grant  in  charge  of  armory. 


H.  Pilgrim " 


William  Mein. 

J.Hall 

J.  Merrifield-. 


\ 


PATROLMEN.  BADGE. 

D.  McCarthy No.  68 

P.  Dorin "    69 

J.  Knight "    70 

P.Schneider "    71 

C.  Quinn "    72 

H.  H.  Harris "73 

E.Denman,  (post  office).  "    74 

A.Wagner "    75 

G.  Cooker -  "    76 

D.Clayton "    77 

H.  P.  Barnes,  (depot)...  "    78 

D.  Sipple "    79 

G.  Ward "    80 

J.B.Gray "    81 

10 


92  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

HOSPITAL     STATION. 

Lieutenant M.  Grant. 


PATKOLMEN.  BADGE. 

Adolpb  Mueller No.  82 

John  Gillespie "    83 

J.  B.  Butts "    84 


PATROtiMEN.  BADGE. 

James  Quinn No.  85 

William  Wallace "    86 

James   Fritz. "    87 


BRIDEWELL  POLICE. 

Thomas  Cunning, Schilling,  Philip  McGrath, Blwm, 

S.  Y.  Prince,  G.  C.  Cunningham  and Brazee. 

John  Wentwortli  was  again  elected  to  the  mayoralty  in 
1861,  and  a  revolutionary  inovement  was  immediately  in- 
augurated in  the  management  and  composition  of  the  force. 
Iver  Lawson  became  marshal  in  March  of  this  year  and 
held  Ihe  position  till  March,  1801.  John  Lyle  King  was 
prosecuting  attorney,  Andrew  Akin  remained  as  police  jus- 
tice, but  L.  H.  Davis  superseded  Justice  Milliken.  Neils 
Larsen  was  still  clerk  of  the  court.  Mr.  Lawson  was  harbor 
master  as  well  as  marshal.  Tlie  bridewell  keeper  was  Wil- 
liam Justice.  Salaries  remained  about  the  same,  the  folloAv- 
ing  being  the  pay-roll  for  leading  members  and  attaches  of 
the  police  department: 

OFFICES.  INCUMBENTS.  SALARIES. 

Police  Justice Andrew  Akin Sl,200 

Police  Justice L.H.Davis 1,200 

Police  Clerk Neils  Larsen 1,200 

City  Marshal Iver  Lawson 1,500 

First  Lieut.  (S.  D) Wells  Sherman : 624 

Second  Lieut.  (S.  D)...     Eichard  Bellinger 624 

First  Lieut.  ( W.  D). . .     J.  H.  Williams 624 

Second  Lieut.  (W.  D).     M.Grant 624 

First  Lieut.  (N.D)....     F.  Gund 624 

Second  Lieut.  (N.  D)..     John  McAuley 624 

Lieut.  Hosp.  Stat A.Mueller 624 

A  "board  of  complaint,"'  consisting  of  the  city  marshal 
and  the  commanders  (lieutenants)  of  the  three  precincts, 
was  created  by  Mayor  Wentwortli.  This  board  met  in  the 
basement  of  the  Court  House,  "where  all  Avho  had  com- 
plaints to  make  were  heard  and  answered."  The  police  force 
was  reduced  in  each  of  the  three  divisions  to  about  one-half 
its  strength  in  1859,  the  heads  of  some  of  the  oldest  officers 


THE  DAYS  OF  LEATHER  BADGES.  93 

<vere  chopped  off,  and  many  important  changes  were  made 
in  the  rules  and  resfuhitions  ijfoverninor  the  force.  The 
eccentricities  of  the  mayor,  liis  method  of  dealing  with 
police  officers,  his  interference  in  the  most  trivial  details  of 
police  affairs,  created  very  general  discontent  among  the 
people.  While  reducing  the  numerical  strength  of  the 
force  from  what  he  claimed  to  be  economical  motives,  he 
left  large  districts  of  the  rapidly-growing  city  at  the  mercy 
of  the  criminals  who  infested  Chicago  in  shoals  during  the 
three  or  four  years  preceding  the  ci\il  war.  The  force  un- 
der AVentworth  toward  the  close  of  his  administration  had 
been  reduced  to  a  captain,  six  lieutenants  and  about  50 
patrolmen,  and  it  proved  to  be  entirely  inadequate  to  meet 
the  demands  made  upon  it.  Loud  complaints  were  made  on 
all  sides  against  the  mayor's  so-called  economical  policy, 
and  the  result  was  the  passage  by  the  legislature  on  Febru- 
ary 15th,  1861,  toward  the  closing  days  of  Wentworth's 
administration,  of  "An  Act  to  establish  a  board  of  police 
in  and  for  the  city  of  Chicago,  and  to  prescribe  their  powers 
and  duties."  This  act  provided  that  after  its  passage  "there 
shall  be  organized  in  the  city  of  Chicago  an  executive  de- 
partment of  the  municipal  government,  to  be  known  as  the 
board  of  police  of  the  city  of  Chicago,  which  board  shall 
consist  of  three  commissioners,  to  be  chosen,  one  from  the 
South,  one  from  the  West  and  one  from  the  North  Division 
of  said  city,  who  shall  constitute  said  board.  That  until 
election  and  qualification,  in  the  manner  and  at  the  time 
herein  provided,  the  governor  shall  nominate,  and  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  appoint  the  first 
commissioners  of  said  board  of  police,  who  shall  be  and 
they  are  hereby  declared  tlie  first  commissioners  of  said 
board  of  police,  and  who  shall  respectively  hold  their  offices 
for  two,  four  and  six  years,  from  and  after  the  next  general 
miinicipal  election  in  said  city,  and  until  their  successors  are 
duly  elected  and  qualified.  *  *  *  The  said  commis- 
sioners, when  appointed,  shall,  within  ten  days  after  their 


94  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

appointment,  or  as  soon  thereafter  as  may  be,  proceed  to 
organize  said  board  and  decide  by  lot  their  respective  terms 
of  office,  *  *  *  One  of  said  commissioners  shall  go 
out  of  office  at  the  end  of  each  and  every  two  years  from  and 
after  the  next  general  municipal  election." 

The  officers  of  the  board  provided  for  were  a  president 
and  treasurer,  the  clerk  of  the  police  court  being  named  as 
ex-officio  secretary.  The  duty  of  the  l)oard  was  defined  as 
follows : 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  board  of  police  hereby  constituted,  at  all 
times  of  the  day  and  night,  within  the  boundaries  of  the  said  city  of  Chi- 
cago, to  preserve  the  public  peace,  to  prevent  crime  and  arrest  offenders, 
to  protect  rights  of  persons  and  property,  to  guard  the  i)ublic  health,  to 
preserve  order,  to  remove  nuisances  existing  in  iiublic  streets,  roads, 
places  and  highways,  to  provide  a  proper  police  force  at  every  fire  in 
order  that  thereby  the  firemen  and  property  may  be  protected;  to  pro- 
tect strangers  and  travelers  at  steamboat  and  ship  landings,  and  railway 
stations,  and  to  obey  and  enforce  all  ordinances  of  the  common  council 
within  the  said  city  of  Chicago,  which  are  applicable  to  jjolice  or  health. 
Whenever  any  crime  shall  be  committed  in  said  city  of  Chicago  or  within 
the  county  of  Cook,  or  the  person  or  persons  accused  or  suspected  of  be- 
ing guilty  shall  flee  from  justice,  the  said  board  of  police  may,  in  their 
discretion,  authorize  any  person  or  persons  to  pursue  and  arrest  such 
accused  or  suspected  person  or  persons,  and  return  them  to  the  proper 
criminal  court  having  jurisdiction  of  the  offense,  for  trial. 

The  new  law  prescribed  that  the  force  should  consist  of 
a  general  superintendent,  one  deputy  superintendent,  three 
captains,  six  sergeants  and  sixty  police  patrolmen,  "and  as 
many  more  police  patrolmen  as  may  be  authorized  by  the 
common  council  of  the  city  of  Chicago."  The  act  went  into 
minute  details  as  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  board,  the  duties 
of  officers  and  men,  questions  of  discipline,  etc.  It  practi- 
cally stripped  the  mayor  of  all  authority  or  control  over  the 
police  department,  and  placed  them  solely  iu  the  hands  of 
the  three  commissioners.  The  law  received  the  signatures  of 
Shelby  M.  CuUom,  who  was  then  speaker  of  the  house  of 
representatives,  of  Francis  A.  Hoffman,  "speaker"  of  the 
senate,  and  of  Richard. Yates,  governor,  who  gave  it  his  ap- 
proval on  February  21st,  1861.  The  governor  appointed 
as  the  board  of  police  Alexander   C.    Coventry,  from  the 


THE  DAYS  OF  LEATHER  BADGES.  95 

North  Division,  AVilliaiu  AVaymaii,  from  the  AVest,  and  Fred- 
erick Tuttle,  from  the  South.  Upon  its  organization,  Mr. 
Coventry  was  elected  president  of  the  board,  and  Mr.  Way- 
man  treasurer.  The  former  had  drawn  "by  h:)t"  the  six 
year  and  the  latter  the  four  year  term,  leaving  Mr.  Tuttle 
to  serve  only  for  two  years. 

Just  before  the  end  of  his  term  of  office,  John  Went- 
wortli  once  more  attracted  general  attention  and  created 
universal  indignation  by  indulging  in  one  of  those  freaks, 
bordering  upon  lunacy,  which  characterized  tlie  greater  part 
of  his  official  career.  The  legislature  which  passed  the  act 
providing  for  a  board  of  police,  the  governor  who  approved 
of  it,  and  the  men  who  constituted  the  board  itself,  were  all 
politically  antagonistic  to  Wentworth  and  his  methods.  He 
was  aware  that  the  board  intended  to  revolutionize  the 
police  system;  that  many  of  his  most  faithful  henchmen 
would  be  discharged,  and  that  the  organization  he  had 
formed,  such  as  it  was,  would  be  smashed  to  pieces.  His 
authority  over  the  police  had  been  snatched  away  from  him 
abruptly  and  completely.  He  had  no  more  power  to  order 
a  policeman  to  do  this  or  that  than  the  most  ordinary  of 
private  citizens.  He  felt  humiliated  and  offended,  and  de- 
termined upon  a  very  foolish  method  of  obtaining  revenge. 

On  the  night  of  March  21,  ISGl,  he  summoned  the  entire 
police  force  to  his  office  in  the  City  Hall.  The  board  of 
police  was  holding  its  first  meeting  at  the  same  time,  in  the 
northeast  corner  of  the  Court  House  basement.  The  police, 
officers  and  men,  hung  around  the  mayor's  office  until  the 
night  was  far  advanced.  Finally,  when  the  board  had 
adjourned,  and  Wentworth  had  satisfied  himself  as  to  the 
course  it  intended  to  pursue,  he  had  the  men  drawn  up  in 
line  before  him.  He  made  a  speech,  in  which  he  lauded 
the  expiring  administration,  claiming  it  to  be  not  only  one 
of  the  most  efficient  but  economical  the  city  had  ever  known. 
He  praised  the  men  who  stood  before  him,  and  pronounced 
them  the  finest  police  officers  in  America.     Then  he  in- 


96  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

formed  them  that  the  new  executive  power  liad  su])erseded 
him  iu  all  authority  over  the  police  affairs  of  the  city ;  that 
the  board  Avas  bent  upon  discharging  every  one  of  his  men, 
find  that  rather  than  suffer  them  to  undergo  this  humilia- 
tion he  had  decided  to  discharge  them  himself.  Thereupon, 
he  dismissed  the  entire  police  force  at  2  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  left  Chicago  at  the  mercy  of  the  criminal  classes. 

Until  10  o'clock  next  morning  the  city  was  Avithout  a 
police  force,  but  the  board,  at  j&rst  stunned  by  Wentworth's 
insane  coiqj  cVefat,  soon  recovered  itself,  and  within  a  few 
hours  had  sworn  in  many  of  the  officers  dismissed  by  Went- 
worth,  besides  a  considerable  numbp^r  of  new  men,  for  active 
service.  Public  opinion  was  decidedly  against  Wentworth, 
■whose  conduct  was  pronounced  at  once  reckless,  disgraceful 
and  disloyal. 

This  act  led  to  the  immediate  reorganization  of  the 
police  under  the  new  law.  At  the  first  regular  business 
meeting  of  the  board,  held  March  27,  Jacob  Relim  was 
appointed  deputy  superintendent  of  police,  and  until  the  Gth 
of  April,  he  had  full  charge  of  the  police  force  of  the  city. 
On  the  Oth  of  April,  the  board,  by  resolution,  requested 
Cyrus  P.  Bradley  to  assist  Mr.  Rehm  in  organizing  the 
police  force,  and  on  the  23d  of  the  same  month,  by  unani- 
mous vote  of  the  board,  Mr.  Bradley  M^as  made  general 
superintendent.  A  recent  contribution  to  the  Herald  of 
this  city,  in  alluding  to  Bradley's  assumption  of  this  office, 
contains  some  facts  in  relation  to  the  police  of  his  time, 
worthy  of  being  recorded  here.  It  said  of  Bradley,  his 
first  move  was  to  select  Captain  John  Nelson  as  his  assistant, 
and  as  the  city  at  that  time  had  a  population  of  109,000, 
and  special  officers  were  necessary,  he  also,  by  authority  of 
the  board,  appointed  the  first  regular  central  detail  of  de- 
tectives, composed  of  the  following  jiamed  officers:  Samuel 
A.  Ellis,  who  had  been  on  the  force  since  1850,  attached  to 
the  North  Market  station,  and  now  employed  as  clerk  at  the 
df^tective  headquarters ;  James   Morgan,  who  is  yet  on  the 


"Confusion  Follcwed  Panic,  and  Then  Came  Fitzpatrick's  Command,  in  a  Clear,  Kinging  Vi)ico." 


THE  DAYS  OF  LEATHER  BADGES.  97 

force,  and  -widely  known  as  the  horse-thief  detector;  Horace 
Elliott,  a  cousin  of  Superintendent  Bradley,  and  who  has 
weathered  all  the  storms  of  changing  administrations,  and 
yet  remains  to  be  known  as  one  of  the  most  competent  thief- 
takers  in  the  country ;  Isaac  Williams,  now  living  in  Omaha ; 
Wm.  Douglass,  who  became  insane,  and  afterward  com- 
mitted suicide ;  John  Wall,  who  is  now  in  the  coal  trade  at 
Covington,  Ky. ;  John  Macauley,  now  a  wealthy  [»io[)erty 
owner  on  the  North  Side,  who  made  a  world-famous  reputa- 
tion as  the  man  whose  evidence  convicted  a  score  or  more  of 
Molly  Maguires  in  Pennsylvania;  Chris  Streble,  who  after- 
ward died  in  Germany;  William  Ten  Broeck,  now  justice 
of  the  peace  in  Lake  View ;  Henry  Kauf mann,  formerly  po- 
lice magistrate  on  the  North  Side,  and  Joseph  Dixon,  after- 
ward deputy  superintendent. 

On  the  night  of  June  18,  Wentworth  gathered  his  police- 
men around  him,  and  gave  orders  that  every  over-hanging 
sign,  awning,  and  all  posts  or  other  obstructions  to  the  view 
or  the  free  passage  of  citizens  along  the  principal  down- 
town streets  be  immediately  removed.  He  had  already  em- 
ployed all  the  express  and  draymen  in  the  city  to  co-operate 
with  the  force.  In  many  respects  Chicago  was  still  a  mere 
country  town.  The  merchants  were  in  the  habit  of  erecting 
permanent  awnings  in  front  of  their  stores,  after  the  fashion 
still  in  vogue  in  the  smaller  towns  of  the  South.  These  were 
useful  for  the  display  of  advertisements,  and  protected  the 
goods  which  were  exhibited  underneath,  but  they  were 
anything  but  ornamental.  Besides,  all  sort  of  swing- 
ing signs  were  hung  out  over  the  sidewalks  and  streets, 
a  constant  menace  to  life  or  limb  in  case  of  a  wind 
storm.  Then  again,  the  dry  goods  men  placed  boxes  on  the 
sidewalk's  edge,  upon  which  they  piled  cotton,  calico  and 
other  stuff,  to  attract  the  attention  of  passers-by.  The  thing 
became  at  length  an  intolerable  nuisance,  and  Wentworth 
determined  to  wipe  it  out.  On  the  night  named  every 
swinging  sign,  awning,  post  or  box  found  protruding  two 


98  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

feet  beyond  the  front  of  l)uildingswere  deposited  in  a  pile  at 
the  north  end  of  the  South  Market  Hall,  on  State  street.  In 
the  morning  when  the  town  woke  up  it  was  hardly  recog- 
nized by  the  people,  so  complete  was  the  change.  There 
was  much  complaining  on  the  part  of  the  merchants  for  a 
while,  but  in  this  '-eccentricity,"  at  least,  public  opinion  was 
with  "Long  John." 

Julian  S.  Eumsey  succeeded  John  Wentworth  as  mayor, 
in  18G1,  and  during  his  administration  the  police  board 
made  numerous  changes  and  several  improvements  in  the 
organization  of  the  force.  Under  Bradley  the  men  were 
disciplined  thoroughly,  sometimes  severely,  and  the  Chicago 
force  proved  to  be  of  the  greatest  value  to  the  state  and 
national  governments  in  the  matter  of  assisting  in  the  de- 
tention of  conscripts,  the  arresting  of  deserters,  the  suppres- 
sion of  bounty-jumping,  the  detection  of  counterfeiters,  etc., 
and  in  generally  preventing  or  punishing  the  peculiar 
crimes  and  criminals  created  or  developed  by  the  outbreak 
of  the  rebellion.  Charles  Hodgson  was  elected  clerk  of  the 
police  board  in  1S61.  K.  J.  Paulsen  was  captain  of  the 
North  Division. 

An  amendment  to  the  city  charter  extended  the  term  of 
our  mayors  from  one  to  two  years  at  this  time,  and  Fran- 
cis C.  Sherman  was  the  first  mayor  elected  under  the  new 
order  of  things,  serving  from  the  spring  of  '62  to  the  spring 
of  '64,  or  through  the  most  perilous  and  exciting  times  of 
the  war  epoch.  In  '62,  the  police  justices  were  C.  D.  Fitzz 
and  Charles  J.  Mueller,  and  the  police  clerk  was  John  At- 
water.  Justice  Fitzz  was  superseded  by  Charles  McDonald 
later  on,  and  Martin  Falser  was  given  Atwater's  place.  Ira 
Colman  had  charge  of  the  bridewell.  There  was  no  change 
in  the  composition  of  the  board  of  police  in  T)2,  and  the 
patrolmen  numbered  60.  In  '(]3,  we  find  that  Francis 
Adams  is  city  attorney,  the  same  able  lawyer  who,  in  later 
years,  acted  as  corporation  counsel  under  Mayor  Harrison. 
Thomas     Barrett,     a    well-known     member  of    the    force, 


THE    DAYS    OF    LEATIIKH    J5.VDGES.  99 

occupied  the  position  of  police  constable,  and  important 
changes  took  place  in  the  make-up  of  the  board  of  police 
and  the  management  of  the  department. 

On  the  2()th  of  February,  1SG3,  Jacob  Rehm  was  pro- 
moted to  tlie  su[)erintondency,  C.  P.  Bradley  having  resigned. 
On  the  14th  of  the  following  month  Supt.  Hehm  tendered 
his  resignation,  but  the  board  refused  to  accept  it.  On  the 
1st  of  April  C.  P.  Bradley  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
board  of  police,  and  on  the  Gtli  of  May  John  S.  Newhouse 
presented  his  credentials  as  commissioner  from  tlie  South 
Division,  rice  Frederick  Tuttle  Avhose  term  had  expired.  The 
board  organized  by  electing  Mr.  Newhouse  president,  and 
"William  Way  man  treasurer,  C.  P.  Bradley  secretary,  and 
Charles  Hodgson  clerk.  By  a  change  in  the  law  the  mayor 
became  an  ar-q^c/o* member  of  the  board. 

Supt.  Behm's  office  was  at  this  time  in  the  Central  station 
(called  so  for  the  first  time),  on  LaSallo,  southwest  corner 
of  "Washington  street.  The  city  is  now  divided  into '"pre- 
cincts." The  1st  precinct  station  is  situated  in  the  Arm- 
ory building,  corner  of  Franklin  and  Adams.  Here  John 
Nelson  is  captain.  M.  C  Hickey,  afterward  superintendent, 
is  1st  sergeant,  and  Thomas  Clayton,  in  later  years  a  dis- 
tinguished officer,  is  2d  sergeant.  There  are  3G  patrolmen 
attached  to  this  station. 

A  sub-station  of  the  1st  precinct  is  established  at  2Gth 
and  State  streets,  which  is  placed  in  charge  of  Acting  Ser- 
geant O.  S.  Abbott. 

The  2d  precinct  station  is  still  located  in  the  west  end 
of  AVest  Market  Hall,  on  Randolph  opposite  Desplaines 
street.  William  Turtle,  in  later  years  the  head  of  Turtle's 
Detective  Agency,  is  captain  here,  William  W.  Kennedy, 
still  among  the  living,  is  1st  sergeant,  and  Geo.  W.  Miller, 
who  afterward  took  to  the  law,  is  2d  sergeant.  The  force 
consists  of  20  patrolmen. 

The  3d  precinct  station  remains  at  the  north  end  of 
North  Market  Hall,  on  Michigan,  east  of   Clark  street,  and 


100  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

Frederick  Gund  is  the  captain  in  charge.  John  N.  Noiton 
is  1st  and  Charles  H.  Jennings  is  2d  sergeant.  There  are 
18  patrohnen  here. 

About  this  time  the  number  of  wards  in  the  city  were  in- 
creased to  IG.  In  addition  to  the  police  justices  there  were 
three  police  magistrates — Kobert  Malcoml),  North  Division, 
John  Summerfield,  South  Division  and  Jarvis  Stanford, 
West  Division.  Ever^  Van  Buren  was  judge  of  the  Record- 
er's Court;  Daniel  O'Hara  was  its  clerk,  and  the  state's 
attorney's  office  was  held  by  Joseph  Knox.  The  city  di- 
rectory for  1863  claimed  a  population  for  Chicago  of  150,- 
000.  The  claim  was  generally  considered  to  be  well 
founded.  The  directory  itself  Avas  greatly  enlarged,  having 
some  700  pages,  several  of  which  were  given  over  to  an  al- 
phabetical list  of  new  streets.  The  publisher  calls  attention 
to  the  fact  that  great  trouble  had  been  experienced  by  the 
canvassers.  The  people  feared  that  they  were  enrolling  of- 
ficers under  the  conscription  law,  and  in  consequence  hun- 
dreds of  names  were  withheld.  Yet  the  directory  for  the 
year  contained  4,000  more  names  than  its  predecessor.  The 
publisher  also  calls  attention  to  the  fact,  that  when  in  18-44 
he  claimed  that  Chicago  would  one  day  have  a  population  of 
100,000  people,  he  was  ridiculed  on  all  sides.  The  volume 
was  published  by  Messrs.  Halpin  &  Bailey. 

In  18G4,  we  find  the  name  of  Mark  Sheridan,  who  was 
destined  to  become  prominently  identified  with  the  force,  for 
the  first  time  connected  with  police  matters.  He  is  on  the 
police  committee  of  the  city  council,  representing  the  5th 
ward.  Associated  with  him  is  George  Van  Hollen,  after-, 
ward  a  defaulter  and  refugee,  who  represented  the  11th  ward 
with  L.  L.  Bond.  Iver  Lawson  is  also  a  member  of  the 
council. 

Returning  to  '63,  we  find  that  on  July  3d  of  that  year, 
the  resignation  of  Jacob  Rehm  is  accepted,  and  on  the  same 
day,  at  the  regular  jiieeting  of  the  board.  Commissioner 
Wayman  nominated  William  Turtle  for  the  superintendeucy. 


THE  DAYS  OF  LEATHER  BADGES.  101 

Commissioner  Newhouse  nominated  Charles  Walsh,  of  Camp 
Douglas  fame,  and  Commissioner  Coventry  nominated  Capt. 
John  Nelson.  Each  member  of  the  board  thus  having  his 
favorite,  says  Colbert,  and  none  of  them  being  willing  to 
withdraw  his  friend's  name,  no  appointment  was  made,  and 
Secretary  Bradley  exercised  the  powers  of  superintendent. 
On  the  2d  of  September  Commissioner  Newhouse  again 
nominated  Charles  Walsh  and  was  seconded  by  Mayor  Sher- 
man, who  was  an  ex-officio  member  of  the  board,  but  Coven- 
try and  Wayman  voting  in  the  negative  the  motion  was  lost. 
On  the  23d  of  April,  1864,  on  motion  of  Commissioner  Way- 
man,  seconded  by  Commissioner  Newhouse,  William  Turtle 
was  appointed  general  superintendent.  C.  P.  Bradley,  on 
motion  of  Commissioner  Wayman,  was  honorably  discharged 
and  removed  from  the  office  of  secretary  of  the  board,  and 
William  Abbott  was  appointed  to  that  position.  Early  in 
'64,  the  police  board  consisted  of  Alexander  C.  Coventry, 
president,  John  S.  Newhouse,  Thomas  B.  Brown  and  Francis 
C.  Sherman  [ex-officio).  In  May  of  the  same  year,  on  the 
resignation  of  Mr.  Newhouse,  Hon.  John  Wentworth  was 
appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  he  held  the  office  until 
Nov.  7,  1865.  W.  W.  Kennedy  succeeded  to  the  captaincy 
of  the  2d  precinct  on  the  promotion  of  Turtle,  but  no  other 
changes  of  note  occurred  in  the  body  of  the  force.  James  B. 
Bradwell  is  a  justice  of  the  peace.  The  city  directory  con- 
tains 39,414  names. 

In  1865,  John  B.  Rice  becomes  mayor.  The  police  com- 
mittee of  the  city  council  consists  of  Messrs.  Lawson,  Bus- 
sell  and  Shackford.  George  Knerr  is  keeper  of  the  bride- 
well. The  police  justices  are  A.  D.  Sturtevant  and  Isaac  L. 
Milliken.  William  Vocke  is  clerk  of  the  police  court. 
George  E.  Cooper  is  police  constable.  The  board  of  police 
consists  of  Alexander  C.  Coventry,  John  Wentworth,  Thomas 
B.  Brown  and  the  mayor.     Its  secretary  is  Boswell  Scott. 

At  the  Central  station  Adam  Morganthaler  is  1st  sergeant. 
The    1st  precinct  is  commanded  by   Capt.    Nelson,   M.    C. 


102  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

Hickey  is  1st  and  Thomas  Clayton  is  2d  sergeant,  and  the 
detail  is  increased  to  50  men.  The  2d  precinct  station  is 
removed  to  No.  14  Union  street,  Capt.  Kennedy  still  in 
charge,  but  Nathan  A.  Briscoe  becomes  1st  and  Charles 
Burdell  2d  sergeant.  The  detail  is  increased  to  40  men. 
The  3d  precinct  station  is  still  in  charge  of  Capt.  Gund; 
Charles  H.  Jennings  is  1st  and  Thomas  D.  Fox  is  acting  2d 
sergeant. 

It  might  be  mentioned  here  that  in  May,  1864,  the  fire 
alarm  telegraph  system  was  inaugurated  with  165  boxes.  It 
was  considered  a  great  event  in  the  history  of  the  city,  and 
the  first  trial  gave  general  satisfaction.  The  population  was 
then  estimated  to  be  195,000.  Great  public  improvements 
have  been  undertaken  and  carried  out  durino^  1864-65.  In 
addition  to  the  fire  alarm  telegraph,  the  papers  congratu- 
late the  people  over  the  success  of  the  lake  tunnel,  the  lev- 
eling of  the  Illinois  canal,  so  as  to  purify  the  river,  (which 
in  those  days  is  spoken  of  as  a  nuisance),  the  laying  of  the 
seventeen  miles  of  water  pipe,  etc.  The  letter  delivery  sys- 
tem also  goes  into  effect,  and  the  people  are  informed  that 
"No  citizen  living  at  a  distance  from  the  postoffice  is  neces- 
sarily now  obliged  to  visit  the  postoffice,  biit  can,  if  he 
chooses,  have  his  correspondence  brought  to  his  own  door." 

Before  closing  what  maybe  termed  "  the  war  epoch  "  in 
the  history  of  the  Chicago  police,  some  mention  should  be 
made  of  the  condition  of  the  city,  from  a  moral  aspect,  during 
the  troublous  and  exciting  years  from  1861  to  1865.  The 
following  from  the  pen  of  one  of  the  brightest  journalists  in 
Chicago  will  give  a  clearer  insight  into  the  police  events  of 
those  years  than  anything  that  could  be  substituted  for  it. 
There  are  some  inaccurate  statements  contained  in  it,  in  regard 
to  dates,  but  they  are  trivial,  and  are  corrected  elsewhere : 

At  the  old  Armory  station,  corner  of  Adams  and  Frank- 
lin streets,  opposite  the  gas  house  and  in  the  midst  of  "Con- 
nelly's Patch,"  are  centered  themost  interestuig  reminiscen- 
ces of  early  police  days.     Here  Jack  Nelson  held  command 


THE    DAY.S    OF    LEATHEli    BADGES.  103 

until  liis  promotion,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Michael  C. 
Hickey,  Avho  in  turn  became  chief  in  later  years.  The  ser- 
geants were  Tom  Barrett,  possibly,  with  the  exception  of 
Sam  Ellis,  the  oldest  man  on  the  force  in  point  of  service, 
Avho  now  swings  the  keys  as  night  lock-up  keeper  at  Harrison 
street,  and  Adam  Mergenthaler,  who  died  some  years  ago. 
The  present  genial  Captain  William  Buckley  was  station- 
keeper  at  the  old  Armory.  Charles  S.  Perry  was  lock-up 
keeper,  and  is  now  attached  to  the  Desplaines  street  station. 
Uncle  Solomon  Moloney,  then  at  the  Armory,  is  still  on  duty 
as  keeper  at  Harrison  street.  These  names  include  those 
living  who  were  identified  with  the  old  stone  structure  about 
which  cluster  so  many  pleasant  as  well  as  unpleasant  mem- 
ories. 

Of  the  patrolmen  of  that  day  Simon  O'Donnell  was  the 
"  dandy  copper  "  of  the  Lake  street  squad.  To  be  a  mem- 
ber of  that  squad  in  those  days  carried  with  it  honor  and 
pride,  and  no  crossing  policeman  ever  appreciated  the  truth 
of  this  fact  more  than  did  the  magnificent  Simon,  who  rose 
from  the  ranks  to  be  chief  of  police,  and  is  now  captain  of 
the  "West  Twelfth  street  district.  Lake  street  was  then  the 
retail  thoroughfare  of  the  city,  and  Simon's  crossing  the 
busiest  one  in  town.  He  was  the  pink  of  politeness,  and 
long  before  he  left  those  corners  was  called  the  "ladies'  fav- 
orite." His  partner  was  Officer  Shippy,  who  afterward  be- 
came lieutenant  at  Cottage  Grove  avenue  station. 

One  of  the  most  exciting  periods  in  the  history  of  the 
force  was  during  the  year  18G2,  when  the  city  was  infested 
with  "bad"  men  from  all  over  the  West,  the  special  attrac- 
tion being  the  possible  chances  for  bounty-jumping  and  the 
presence  of  people  ready  to  be  fleeced.  There  was  also  a 
coterie  of  sluggers  here,  who  were  constantly  creating 
disturbances  and  making  trouble  for  the  officers.  Among 
the  South  Side  patrolmen  was  Officer  James  Powers,  who  had, 
upon  more  than  one  occasion,  established  his  prowess  in  hand 
to  hand  contests  with  local  law  breakers.     He  was  a  fearless 


104  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

man,  and  never  hesitated  to  perform  what  he  knew  to  be  his 
duty.  In  the  winter  of  1862,  "Big  Denny"  O'Brien,  a 
tough  from  Davenport,  Iowa,  spent  several  weeks  in  Chicago. 
He  was  drunk  from  the  time  he  struck  the  town  until  driven 
away.  Being  a  professional  pugilist  and  a  quarrelsome  fel- 
low, he  was  in  trouble  night  and  day.  He  was  one  day  driv- 
ing up  and  down  Clark  street,  exceeding  the  speed  pre- 
scribed by  the  ordinance,  when  Officer  Powers  ordered  him 
to  stop.  Some  words  passed,  when  suddenly  O'Brien  sprang 
upon  Powers,  and  there  ensued  one  of  the  most  bloody  and 
desperate  fights  in  the  annals  of  the  Chicago  police.  Powers 
defended  himself  against  the  attack  of  the  burly  ruffian,  but 
was  finally  struck  down  and  terribly  beaten  with  his  own 
club.  O'Brien  escaped,  and  for  several  weeks  his  victim  was 
not  expected  to  live.  He  finally  recovered,  and  a  short  time 
thereafter  was  badly  injured  while  endeavoring  to  arrest  a 
burglar  on  Wabash  avenue.  In  the  struggle  Powers  was 
thrown  against  the  curb  stone,  receiving  serious  internal  in- 
juries. He  was  granted  a  furlough,  went  to  Ireland,  and  on 
the  return  journey  fell  dead  in  the  depot  at  Cleveland.  One 
of  the  characters  of  the  time  was  a  certain  "Captain"  Hy- 
man,  a  ^professional  blackleg  and  gambler,  who  was  wont 
while  in  liquor  to  go  about  town  intimidating  people  by 
whipping  out  a  revolver  and  threatening  death  to  anybody 
who  crossed  him  in  any  way.  One  evening  during  an  ex- 
citing political  contest  in  1862,  "Captain"  Hyman  took  pos- 
session of  the  Tremont  House  office,  and,  revolver  in  hand, 
defied  anybody  to  arrest  him.  The  guests  fled  and  the 
house  police,  as  well  as  the  officer  on  that  beat,  were  afraid 
to  go  near  him.  He  walked  to  and  fro  at  the  top  of  the  high 
flight  of  steps  leading  up  from  the  Dearborn  street  entrance, 
and  refused  to  allow  anyone  to  leave  or  enter  the  house. 
Word  was  sent  to  Captain  Jack  Nelson  at  the  detective  head- 
quarters, corner  of  Washington  and  La  Salle  streets.  The 
captain  jumped  into  old  "Sliang"  Noyes'  hack  and  drove 
rapidly  to  the  hotel.     He  was  told  the   situation,    and  with- 


THE  DAYS  OF  LEATHER  BADGES.  105 

out  the  slightest  hesitancy  stepped  into  the  stairway  in  full 
view  of  the  desperado.  Hynian  did  not  recognize  him,  and 
was  about  to  shoot  when  Nelson  said,  "Put  up  that  gun  and 
come  down  here!  "  Hyman  recognized  the  voice  and  cried 
out,  "Don't  shoot,  Jack;  ril come  down,"  and  imitating  Cap- 
tain Scotfs  squirrel,  he  descended  and  was  driven  to  the 
station.  The  siege  of  the  hotel  had  continued  for  upwards 
of  an  hour,  and  Hynian  afterward  said  that  he  would  never 
have  been  taken  by  anyone  but  Nelson.  Said  he:  "Jack  is 
a  brave  man,  knows  no  fear,  and  can  shoot  too  quick  for 
me." 

Nelson  had  to  contend  with  many  of  the  roughest  char- 
acters that  have  ever  been  known  in  Chicago.  There  were 
Hyman  and  O'Brien,  of  whom  mention  has  been  made ;  Jerry 
Monroe,  then  a  husky  fellow,  constantly  looking  for  trouble, 
while  Black  Jack  Yattaw,  the  present  bumboat  pirate,  used 
to  come  down  from  Racine  quite  often  and  endeavor  to  run 
the  city.  The  resorts  where  gentlemen  of  this  ilk  mostly 
did  congregate,  were  Roger  Plant's  "  Under  the  Willow," 
which  stood  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Wells  and  Monroe 
streets ;  Ben  Sabin,  a  Buffalo  tough,  kept  a  saloon  on  Wells 
street,  while  the  saloons  of  Tim  Reagan  and  Andy  Rout- 
zong,  on  Clark,  near  Van  Buren  street,  were  constantly  un- 
der the  strictest  police  surveillance,  because  of  the  desperate 
character  of  both  proprietors  and  their  patrons.  All  along 
the  east  side  of  Market  street,  from  Van  Buren  to  Madison 
streets,  were  located  dozens  of  low-down  dens  and  sailors' 
boarding  houses,  where  broils  and  murders  were  of  frequent 
occurrence.  River  street,  from  South  Water  to  the  bridge, 
and  North  Water  street,  from  Wolf's  Point  to  Clark  street, 
were  also  headquarters  for  as  desperate  a  class  of  men  as 
ever  disgraced  the  city. 

From  these  dens  came  the  seemingly  endless  croM-d  of 
bounty -jumpers  and  desperadoes,  who  at  one  time  became  so 
bold  in  their  operations  that  respectable  citizens  proposed  to 
organize  a  vigilance  committee  for  the  purpose  of  clearing 

11 


lOG  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

the  city  of  these  pestiferous  and  dangerous  classes.  Cap- 
tain Nelson  had  but  a  small  force,  but  under  the  watchful 
and  intelligent  leadership  of  Chief  Bradley,  and  through  his 
own  individual  effort,  he  succeeded  in  preserving  order,  and 
made  for  himself  a  record  second  to  no  man  who  has  ever 
occupied  an  executive  position  on  the  police  force  of  Chica- 
go. He  died  of  consumption  during  the  spring  of  1868,  uni- 
versally regretted  by  all  good  citizens. 

To  be  a  policemen  in  those  days  was  no  sinecure.  Patrol 
wagons  were  unknown,  and  the  police  were  accustomed  to  im- 
press into  the  service  any  description  of  vehicle  which  might 
be  at  hand  to  transport  drunken  and  unruly  men  to  the  lock-up. 
Lieutenant  Beadell,  of  the  Cottage  Grove  sub-station,  who 
at  that  time  traveled  a  beat  in  the  Bridgeport  district,  tells 
a  story  of  how,  for  the  want  of  some  better  conveyance,  he 
loaded  drunken  Jimmy  Kilfoil,  a  notorious  Archer  avenue 
bum,  into  a  wheelbarrow  and  j^ushed  him  from  the  vicinity 
©f  the  old  steam  q^uarry  to  the  Archer  avenue  station,  a  dis- 
tance of  two  miles. 

It  was  during  Chief  Bradley's  time  that  General  Burnside 
suppressed  the  publication  of  the  Chicago  Times,  and  both 
Bradley  and  Nelson  took  an  active  part  in  preserving  the 
peace  on  that  eventful  day,  when  it  seemed  as  though  every 
able-bodied  man  in  the  city  was  crowded  into  the  streets  ad- 
jacent to  the  Times  office  on  Randolph  street.  It  was  dur- 
ing this  memorable  day  that  a  lawyer  named  Doolittle, 
known  as  a  red-hot  rebel  sympathizer,  harangued  the  crowd 
from  a  dry  goods  box  in  front  of  the  Matteson  House,  at  the 
corner  of  Dearborn  and  Randolph  streets.  He  was  very 
bitter  in  his  denunciation  of  the  government,  and  came  with- 
in an  ace  of  losing  his  life  in  consequence.  Told  repeatedly 
to  cease  his  abusive  references  to  President  Lincoln,  he  paid 
no  attention  to  the  demands,  and  was  finally  pulled  from  his 
perch  by  an  angry  mob,  who  proceeded  to  carry  out  their 
threat  to  lynch  him.  Somebody  found  rope  enough,  made 
a  noose,    put   it  about  his   neck  and  started  for  the  nearest 


THE  DAYS  OF  LEATHER  BADGES.   '       '  107 

lamp-post.  Officers  George  Cooper,  now  employed  by  the 
Chicago  City  Railway  Company,  and  Asa  Williams,  made  au 
effort  to  rescue  Doolittle,  and  assisted  by  "Horse"  Eddy  and 
several  other  level-headed  persons  in  the  crowd,  cut  the  rope 
and  fought  their  way  to  the  House  of  David,  carrying  the 
now  frightened  lawyer  with  them.  Doolittle  was  rushed 
into  the  saloon,  and  after  a  time  was  taken  through  the  alley 
to  State  street  and  told  to  make  himself  scarce.  He  did  so 
without  a  second  invitation. 

The  famous  Garrity  brothers  were  then  in  their  prime, 
and  a  constant  source  of  annoyance  and  trouble  to  the  au- 
thorities. One  of  Mike  Garrity's  earliest  and  most  desper- 
ate exploits  occurred  about  this  time.  Detective  Bellinger 
arrested  Garrity  as  he  was  coming  out  of  the  north  door  of 
the  Court  House,  on  a  warrant  charging  him  with  complic- 
ity in  a  burglary  committed  in  Iowa.  Garrity  resisted  the 
officer  and  a  desperate  and  bloody  encounter  took  place.  Bel- 
linger was  disarmed  and  terribly  beaten  by  the  crook,  who 
escaped,  but  was  afterward  recaptured,  taken  to  the  scene  of 
his  crime  and  sentenced  to  the  penitentiary  for  a  term  of 
years. 

In  those  days  the  police  raided  the  gamblers  occasion- 
ally, but  the  knights  of  the  green  cloth  seemed  to  thrive 
nevertheless.  Frank  Connelly  was  proprietor  of  a  den  over 
the  "Senate,"  at  the  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Randolph 
streets.  It  was  known  as  a  high-toned  game,  and  no  "shoe- 
string gamblers"  were  encouraged  to  play  there.  The  first 
raid  upon  Connelly's  place  resulted  in  the  capture  of  several 
well-known  business  men,  who,  when  arrested,  were  trans- 
ported to  the  Armory  in  carriages  at  Frank's  expense.  He 
afterward  paid  the  fines  of  the  entire  party,  and  immediately 
opened  his  house  as  though  nothing  had  occurred  to  disturb 
the  serenity  of  the  situation.  Connelly  was  the  Hankins  of 
that  day,  and  it  was  in  his  place  that  George  Holt,  the  gen- 
tleman par  excellence  of  all  Chicago  professional  gamesters, 
fii'st  became  known.     It  will  be  remembered  that   Holt   was 


108  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

killed  several  years  ago  in  Calhouxi  place  by  a  falling  bucket 
of  coal,  vv'hich  struck  liim  full  upon  the  bead,  breaking  liis 
neck. 

The  old-time  police  officers,  in  referring  to  the  gambling 
fraternity  of  those  days,  still  laugh  over  a  most  ludicrous 
scene  which  occurred  in  a  '"coon"'  gambling  house  run  b}'  a 
colored  man  named  Steve  Stampo.  It  was  located  in  the  sec- 
ond story  of  an  old  frame  building  on  Monroe  street  oppo- 
site North's  theatre.  A  raid  was  ordered  on  the  place,  the 
officers  surrounded  the  house,  and  Officer  Henry  Pilgrim 
got  on  to  the  roof  from  an  adjoining  l:)uilding.  Directly 
over  the  table  where  about  a  dozen  darkies  were  playing 
cards  there  was  a  glass  transom  or  skylight.  It  had  been 
snowing  and  Pilgrim,  while  endeavoring  to  find  the  skylight, 
walked  through  it  and  descended  right  in  the  midst  of  the 
crowd  of  players.  He  struck  the  table  and  the  "coons"'  struck 
out  for  liberty.  Several  of  the  players  jumped  through  the 
windows,  carrying  sash,  glass  and  everything  else  with  them, 
but  they  were  all  captured  as  they  struck  terra  firma. 

Chicago. now  has  nearly  thirteen  hundred  police  officers,, 
and  this  magnificent  force  has  no  superior  on  the  continent. 
Since  its  first  organization  metlnxls  have  changed.  Many 
modern  appliances  in  the  way  of  telegraphic  service  have 
been  adopted  by  which  the  work  of  the  department  has  been 
simplified.  The  patrol  wagon,  originated  by  a  Chicago  man, 
has  become  a  necessary  adjunct  to  every  well  equipped  de- 
partment in  the  land.  But  the  fact  remains  undisputed  that 
to  Cyrus  P.  Bradley  is  due  no  small  measure  of  credit  for 
the  excellent  discipline  which  originated  with  him  and  has 
since  his  day  been  rigorously  enforced  and  maintained  by 
his  successors.  He  was  a  man  of  exceptionally  fine  execu- 
tive ability,  possessed  all  the  attributes  of  a  successful  police 
officer,  and,  dying  at  the  early  age  of  forty-four  years,  left 
behind  him  the  impress  of  his  ability. 

Charles  Hodgson,  the  first  secretary  of  the  police  de- 
partment, died  of  the  cholera  in  1808.     He  was    iiniversally 


JOHN  P.   BEARD. 

Lieut.   Comdg.  West  Madison  St.  Distiict. 


THE    DAYS    OF    LEATIIEll    BADGES.  109 

respected  by  the  entire  force.  Ben  Cleaves,  afterward  cor  • 
oner,  and  the  successor  to  Gustave  Fischer,  the  absconding 
sheriff,  was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the  early  police  force. 
Simeon  Y.  Prince  and  "Major''  Yelveston  the  old  Armory 
janitors;  ex-Captain  Luther  Nichols,  who  became  too  old 
for  active  service,  and  was  detailed  for  years  to  enjoy  him- 
self about  the  Board  of  Trade  Building,  Charley  Beach, 
AVilliam  A.  Carman,  or  "Billy"  as  he  is  familiarly  called, 
and  Avho  has  served  under  every  superintendent  since  the  or- 
ganization, first  as  patrolman,  stationkeeper,  clerk  and  cus- 
todian, and  now  the  efficient  assistant  to  Secretary  Shepaxd, 
are  other  members  of  the  old  guard,  as  is  also  Detective 
Denny  Simmons,  of  the  Central  detail,  Officer  Nathan  A. 
Briscoe,  now  on  duty  at  Madison  street ;  William  B.  McCau- 
ley,  now  at  Webster  avenue  station,  and  George  W.  Hunt, 
who  lost  an  arm  in  the  lager  beer  riot  of  1855. 


110  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 


CHAPTER   VII. 

FROM  1866  TO  THE  CLOSE  OF  1871— THE  GROWTH  OF  THE  SERVICE  UNDER 
THE  BOARDS  OF  POLICE— DIVIDED  DUTIES  AND  THEIR  RESULTS— WIL- 
LIAM TURTLE,  JACOB  REHM  AND  W.  W.  KENNEDY  AS  SUPERINTEND- 
ENTS OF  THE  FORCE— NEW  SUB-STATIONS  ESTABLISHED— WICKED  CHI- 
CAGO BEFORE  THE  FIRE— THE  POLICE  DURING  THE  GREAT  CONFLA- 
GRATION—HEROIC AND  UNSELFISH  CONDUCT— LIEUT.-GENERAL  PHIL 
SHERIDAN  IN  CHARGE— CITIZEN  PATROL  PARTIES-END  OF  THE  MILL 
TARY  OCCUPATION  AND  ELECTION  OF  JOSEPH  MEDILL. 

Chansres  in  and  amendments  to  the  law  establishing  a 
board  of  police  for  the  city  of  Chicago  were  frequent,  and 
not  always  judicious.  Starting  out  with  authority  simply 
over  the  police,  we  find  the  board  in  1866  in  control  of  the 
fire  and  health  departments  as  well.  "The  police,  fire 
and  health  departments,"  says  a  "Guide  to  Chicago,"  pub- 
lished this  year,  "  are  considered  eminently  effective.  The 
heads  of  the  departments  or  board  of  fire  and  police  com- 
missioners elected  by  the  people  of  Cook  county  is  composed 
of  Thomas  B.  Brown,  A.  D.  Titsworth  and  Frederick  Gund. 
The  same  board  is  also  ex-officio  a  board  of  health,  so  that 
three  of  the  most  important  functions  of  the  city  govern- 
ment are  vested  in  its  members,  namely,  control  and  direc- 
tion of  the  fire,  police  and  sanitary  affairs  of  the  city." 
The  trvith  is  that  too  much  was  imposed  upon  or  assumed 
by  the  board,  and  its  incapacity  soon  became  manifest. 
The  extraordinary  growth  of  the  city  during  the  war  had 
amazed  the  most  enthusiastic  and  sanguine  of  its  people. 
The  increase  in  population  had  exceeded  the  Avildest  pre- 
dictions of  ante-bellum  residents.     Buildings  were  erected 


THE  rii;E  rEiuoD.  Ill 

with  astonishino-  rapiility,  and  with  an  utter  disregard 
•of  tlie  probability  of  lire.  To  have  properly  su[)erYised 
the  construction  of  dwellings  and  storehouses  would  have 
demanded  the  entii'e  attention  of  the  board.  As  it  was, 
while  the  greatest  attention  was  paid  to  the  extinguish- 
ment of  fires,  and  the  very  latest  and  best  apparatus  was 
■em[)loyed  for  that  purpose,  no  attention  was  paid  to  their 
prevention,  or  none  worthy  of  mention.  Buildings  were 
thrown  together  in  hap-hazard  style,  pine  being  the  princi- 
pal material,  and  whole  sections  of  the  city  were  covered 
with  what  a  few  years  later  proved  to  be  tinder  boxes.  There 
were  sanitary  regulations  enough,  but  to  enforce  them  was" 
another  thing.  The  board  had  taken  the  responsibility  oif 
the  shoulders  of  the  common  council,  without  being  able  to 
fulfill  the  obligations  it  imposed,  and  the  result  was,  as 
might  have  been  expected,  a  most  deplorable  and  disgust- 
ing condition  of  sanitary  affairs.  Then,  again,  the  police 
department  was  neglected,  because  of  the  divided  attention 
of  the  board.  As  the  population  grew,  crime  increased. 
There  was  the  usual  percentage  of  criminals  in  every  day's 
arrirals.  The  local  columns  of  the  newspapers  published 
here  in  '60  are  overflowing  with  criminal  news,  and  there  is 
a  loud  and  unremitting  cry  for  better  police  protection.  The 
greenback  epoch  was  entering  upon  its  decline.  The  dis- 
bandment  of  the  armies  glutted  the  labor-market.  The  de- 
preciation of  values  checked  production.  Great  enterprises 
projected  in  the  days  of  unlimited  inflation  were  suspended. 
The  period  of  reaction,  which  was  to  culminate  in  the  panic 
of  '73,  had  set  in.  The  extravagance,  the  prodigality  of  war 
times  had  left  their  impressions  upon  the  public  mind,  and 
it  was  hard  to  erase  them.  The  drop  of  wages  from  $10  to 
$0.  from  $5  to  $2  per  day  was  stunning.  It  came  hard  for 
people  who  had  worn  broadcloth  to  come  down  to  cassimeres 
or  cotton  jeans.  It  was  trying  to  be  compelled  to  eat  plain 
home-made  bread  after  having  lived  so  long  on  costly  pas- 
try; or  to  eat  pork  when  porterhouse  had  almost  become   a 


11'2  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

necessity.  The  great  masses  of  the  people  bore  the  change 
philosophically  and  nobly,  but  it  plunged  many  thousands 
into  vice,  degratlation  and  crime. 

Chicago  was  the  one  city  in  the  nation  that  appeared  to 
be  unaffected  by  the  reaction.  The  place  continued  to  grow 
in  the  face  of  all  obstacles.  The  eyes  of  the  country  were 
turned  toward  the  wonderful  young  metropolis  on  the  shore 
of  Lake  Michigan.  Adventurers,  gamblers  and  thieves,  as 
well  as  capitalists,  mechanics  and  honest  laborers,  were  at- 
tracted toward  it.  It  outgrew  all  the  provisions  which  had 
been  made  for  the  welfare  of  its  inhabitants.  It  was,  in 
truth,  a  great  city  with  a  village  government. 

William  Turtle  did  not  remain  long  at  the  head  of  the 
police  force.  On  Nov.  29th,  1865,  he  tendered  his  resigna- 
tion, which  was  immediately  accepted,  and  Jacob  Kehm,  on 
January  13,  18 66,  was  appointed  general  superintendent. 
John  B.  Rice  was  still  mayor;  Daniel  D.  Driscoll  was  city 
attorney.  The  police  justices,  were  Isaac  L.  Milliken  and 
Austin  D.  Sturtevant,  and  William  Yocke  was  clerk.  The 
board  of  police  now  consisted  of  Thomas  B.  Brown  from  the 
West  Division,  A.  D.  Titsworth  from  the  South  and  Frederick 
Gund  from  the  North.  Mr.  Brown  was  president,  John  Nel- 
son continued  to  act  as  deputy  superintendent,  and  Charles 
Hodgson  as  secretary,  and  W.  H.  C  arman  was  clerk  of  the 
board.  The  clerk  of  the  detective  office  was  Charles  T. 
Hale. 

Now  we  find  that  M.  C.  Hickey  has  been  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  captain  of  the  first  precinct.  Thomas  Clayton 
is  advanced  to  the  1st  and  Thomas  Barrett  to  the  2d  ser- 
geantcy.  The  detail  at  the  first  precinct  station  is  increased 
to  55  men,  A  sub-station  of  this  precinct  is  established  at 
the  corner  of  Archer  road  and  22d  street.  It  is  placed  in 
charge  of  Sergeant  Adam  Morganthaler,  who  has  6  men  un- 
der his  command. 

The  second  precinct  is  commanded  by  Capt.  W.  W.  Ken- 
nedy, and  the  station  at  14  Union  street  has   for  sergeants 


THE    FIKE    PERIOD,  113 

Chas.  Berclell  and  N.  A.  Briscoe.  The  detail  lumibers  40 
men.  A  sub-station  is  established  at  the  corner  of  Lake 
and  Paulina  streets  in  charge  of  James  Garrity,  sergeant, 
who  commands  0  men. 

TJiomas  D.  Fox  is  captain  of  the  third  precinct,  the 
head  station  still  being  located  in  the  North  Market  Hall.  0. 
H.  Jennings  is  1st  sergeant,  and  the  second  place  is  vacant. 
There  are  38  men  here.  This  precinct  also  indulges  in  the 
luxury  of  a  sub -station,  located  at  North  avenue  and  Larra- 
bee  streets,  and  W.  B.  Macauley  has  it  in  charge.  He  com- 
mands G  men.  So  that  the  entire  force,  exclusive  of  officers, 
in  the  year  1866,  consists  of  151  men. 

In  1867,  John  B.  Rice  still  filling  the  mayor's  chair, 
things  are  in  rather  a  topsy-turvy  condition.  The  Court 
House  and  City  Hall  are  being  rebuilt,  and  the  headquarters 
of  the  police  department  are  removed  temporarily  to  140- 
142  Madison  street.  The  board  of  police  also  meets  here. 
It  consists  now  of  Thomas  B.  Brown,  A.  D.  Titsworth,  Fred- 
erick Gund  and  W.  James.  The  latter  had  been  added  as 
a  representative  of  the  fire  department.  Mr.  Brown  stills 
acts  as  president,  Jacob  Eehm  is  superintendent,  John 
Nelson  is  depvity,  E.  P.  Ward  is  secretary  and  W.  H.  Car- 
man chief  clerk  of  the  board.  Adam  Morganthaler  be- 
comes 1st  sergeant  under  Captain  Hickey  at  the  Armory, 
and  Thomas  Barrett  takes  Morganthaler' s  place  at  the  sub- 
station. Now  there  are  57  men  at  the  Armory,  James  Gar- 
rity becomes  2d  sergeant  at  the  Union  street  station,  and  W. 
M.  Douglas  takes  his  place  at  the  sub-station.  Lake  and 
Paulina.  A  new  sub-station  is  added,  located  at  the  corner 
of  12th  and  Johnson  streets,  and  in  charge  of  Sergeant  Bris- 
coe, who  commands  16  men.  The  West  Division  force  con- 
sists altogether  of  58  patrolmen. 

The  only  change  in  the  3d  precinct  is  the  transfer  of 
Macauley  to  the  head  station,  where  he  becomes  2d  sergeant, 
A.  Gund  taking  his  place  at  Larrabee  street.  There  are  43 
patrolmen  in  this  precinct. 


114  THE     CHICAGO     TOLICE. 

We  have  a  copy  of  the  official  report  of  the  work  performed 
by  the  force  in  1807,  as  follows: 

Number  of  arrests 23,315 

Males 19,276 

Females 3,937 

Married 7,809 

Single 15,391 

Fines _ S143,821 

Stolen  property  reported S268,432 

Stolen  property  recovered _ $206,003 

This  speaks  well  for  the  efficiency  of  the  force.  The 
principle  charges  made  during  the  year  on  arraignment  be- 
fore the  police  courts  were:  Arson,  100;  adultery,  50;  as- 
sault with  intent  to  kill,  104;  assault  with  a  deadly  weapon, 
83;  assault  with  intent  to  rob,  17;  assault  with  intent  to 
commit  bodily  injury,  54;  burglary,  127;  forgery,  64;  in- 
mates of  disorderly  houses,  1,070;  keeping  disorderly  houses, 
542;  larceny,  1,  765;  murder,  3;  riot,  340;  rape,  3;  robbery, 
66. 

This  year  the  legislature  amended  the  police  law  once 
more.  It  w^as  required  that  the  commissioners  should  de- 
vote their  whole  time  to  the  public  service,  and  each  was  to 
receive  an  annual  salary  not  exceeding  $2,500,  the  exact 
amount  to  be  fixed  by  the  city  council.  The  salaries  of  po- 
lice officers  were  regulated  as  follows:  General  superin- 
tendent, not  less  than  $3,000;  deputy  superintendent,  $2,- 
500;  captain's,  $1,500;  sergeant's,  $1,200;  patrolmen,  not 
less  than  $800  nor  more  than  $1,000.  An  act  passed  two 
years  later  (March,  1869),  fixed  the  salary  of  each  commis- 
sioner at  $3,000,  captain's  at  $2,000  and  sergeant  at  $1,500. 
During  1867  the  number  of  patrolmen  was  increased  to  173. 
In  Zell's  Guide  to  Chicago,  published  in  1868,  we  read 
that:  "The  police  are  under  the  control  of  three  commis- 
sioners elected  by  the  people,  and  a  superintendent  and  dep- 
uty superintendent  appointed  by  said  commissioners.  The 
headquarters  or  Central  station  is  located  at  140  Madison 
street.  250  men  compose  the  entire  force.  The  following 
are  the  stations : 


THE    FIRE    I'EIIIOD.  115 

"City  Armory,  corner  of  Franklin  and  Adams  streets. 

"Sub-station,  Archer  avenne  and  22d  street. 

"2d  precinct  station,  14  N.  Unicm  street. 

"Sub-station,  W.  Lake  and  Paulina  streets. 

"Sub-station,  AV.  12tli  and  Johnson  streets. 

"3d  precinct  station,  Michigan  street,  near  Dearborn 
avenne. 

"Sub-station,  North  avenne  and  Larrabee  street." 

Mayor  Ilice  entered  upon  his  ofldcial  duties  April  18^ 
1865,  four  days  after  the  assassination  of  President  Lincoln. 
He  was  elected  on  the  republican  ticket.  As  already  noted, 
the  mayoralty  term  had  been  extended  to  two  years  under  a 
previous  enactment,  and  the  legislatui'e  of  1869  changed  the 
time  of  holding  city  elections  from  April  to  November. 
With  a  second  election  in  1867,  and  holding  over  under  the 
new  law,  he  remained  in  office  four  and  a  half  years.  He  is 
still  mayor,  then,  in  1868.  Hasbrouck  Davis  is  city  attor- 
ney, and  the  police  board  remains  unchanged.  John  Nel- 
son having  died  in  April  of  this  year,  Weils  Sherman  is  ap- 
pointed deputy  superintendent  in  his  place.  Thomas  A. 
Moore  is  appointed  to  fill  a  newly  created  office,  that  of  "ser- 
geant of  detectives,"  F.  Gerbing  becomes  sergeant  of  the 
3d  precinct  sub-station,  and  beyond  a  very  considerable  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  men,  there  are  no  notable  changes. 
The  detective  force  in  1868  consisted  of  12  men,  and  Col- 
bert, in  alluding  to  this  branch  of  the  service,  says  the  de- 
tectives "will  compare  favorably  with  that  of  any  city  in  the 
world  in  point  of  efficiency  though  not  in  numbers.  No 
mystery  is  too  intricate  to  be  unravelled,  and  no  crimes  too 
dark  to  be  brought  to  light  by  their  efforts.  In  shrewdness, 
perseverance  and  efficiency  the  force  is  unequalled  by  few 
and  sui-passed  by  none.  Thomas  Moore  is  sergeant  of  the 
detective  force.  The  Lake  street  squad,  20  in  number,  are 
generally  considered  as  belonging  to  the  Central  station." 

Prof.  Colbert,  now  a  leading  writer  on  the  Chicago  Tribune^ 
wrote  the  above  in  1868.     He  also   gave   us    the    following; 


116  THE  CHICAGO  TOLICE. 

outline  history  of  the  three  precincts  then  in  existence. 
While  we  have  gone  over  the  ground  in  detail,  there 
are  many  dates  of  importance  and  points  of  interest  in  Prof. 
Colbert's  review,  which  ought  not  to  be  omitted  from  this 
history : 

The  1st  precinct  station,  better  known  as  the  Armory, 
he  says,  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Adams 
streets.  In  1856,  during  the  administration  of  Mayor  Dyer, 
the  South  Chicago  police  force  consisted  of  20  patrolmen, 
under  command  of  H.  Shockley,  as  1st  lieutenant,  Charles 
r.  Chillson  as  2d  lieutenant,  and  G.  D.  Hunt  as  sergeant. 
The  station  was  then  in  the  basement  of  the  Court  House. 
The  next  year,  1857,  the  old  market  house  on  State  street, 
between  Lake  and  Randolph,  was  fitted  up  as  a  station.  The 
force  this  year  was  increased  to  23  patrolmen,  and  on  the  1th 
of  March,  upon  John  Wentworth's  accession  to  the  mayor- 
alty, Luther  Nichols  was  appointed  1st  lieutenant  and 
E.  S.  Hansen  2d  lieutenant,  and  the  force  increased  to  2() 
men.  In  the  latter  part  of  this  year  D.  E.  Ambrose  was 
promoted  to  the  position  of  2d  lieutenant  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  Hansen's  resignation.  In  1858  the  station  was 
removed  to  its  present  location  (old  Armory).  B.  L.'  Cleves 
was  appointed  during  the  early  part  of  John  C.  Haines'  ad- 
ministration in  this  year,  sergeant,  and  Michael  Grant  2d 
lieutenant.  And,  again,  during  the  year,  M.  M.  Gillespie 
Avas  appointed  sergeant.  In  1859,  during  John  C.  Haines' 
second  term.  Wells  Sherman  was  appointed  1st  lieutenant, 
and  Richard  Ballinger  2d  lieutenant.  The  force  consisted 
of  26  patrolmen.  John  Wentworth,  during  his  second  term, 
(1860),  retained  Sherman  and  Ballinger,  but  removed  Gil- 
lespie from  the  sergeantcy  from  economical  motives,  and  re- 
duced the  force  to  21  men.  In  1861  the  same  commanders 
continued  in  office  and  the  force  was  reduced  again  to  20 
patrolmen.  On  the  17th  of  March,  1861,  after  the  adoption 
of  the  metropolitan  system,  John  Nelson  was  appointed  cap- 
tain and  C.  M.  Beach  sergeant,  antl  on  April  1st  George  A 


THE    FIRE     PERIOD.  117 

Simmons  was  appointed  2d  sergeant.  The  force  at  that 
time  consisted  of  18  men.  On  the  1st  of  March,  1863, 
Tliomas  L.  Clayton,  who  joined  the  force  as  patrolman  in 
1859,  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  1st  sergeant,  and 
John  A.  Norton  was  made  2d  sergeant.  The  force  was  in- 
creased to  26  men.  On  the  1st  of  June,  same  year,  M.  C 
Hiekey  was  made  2d  sergeant,  vice  Norton  resigned,  and  the 
patrol  force  was  increased  to  34  men.  In  1864,  the  same 
officers  and  same  number  of  men  were  retained.  During: 
1865  the  force  of  the  1st  precinct  was  increased  to  52 
men.  In  May,  Adam  Morganthaler  was  promoted  to  the 
position  of  3d  sergeant.  On  Jan.  13,  1866,  M.  C.  Hiekey 
was  appointed  captain,  vice  Nelson  promoted,  and  Thomas 
Barrett  was  made  sergeant.  May  27,  1868,  Richard  Ship- 
pey  was  made  sergeant.  The  force  (South  Side  force)  now 
(1868)  consists  of  82  men  with  5  sergeants,  there  being  two 
sub-stations. 

The  second  precinct  is  located  at  14  North  Union  street, 
and  it  is  at  present  (1868)  in  charge  of  Capt.  W.  W.  Ken- 
nedy. This  station  was  first  established  in  the  east  end  of 
the  old  West  Market  Hall,  on  the  16th  of  June,  1855, 
under  Mayor  Boone.  Michael  Grant  was  first  lieutenant, 
William  Tenbroeck  2d,  Charles  Warner  sergeant.  At  that 
time  the  force  consisted  of  14  patrolmen.  In  1856,  under 
Mayor  Dyer,  John  Gorman  was  1st  lieutenant,  Chas.  Deucliy 
2d,  and  Francis  Humelshine  sergeant.  There  were  20  men, 
4  American,  1  German  and  15  Irish.  In  1857,  under  John 
Wentworth,  John  M.  Kennedy  was  made  1st  lieutenant, 
Chas.  M.  Taylor  2d,  D.  E.  Ambrose  sergeant  ;  35 
men.  In  1858,  under  John  C.  Haines,  G.  H.  Sitts  was 
made  1st  lieutenant,  and  William  Wiggins  sergeant,  with 
40  men.  In  1859,  Haines'  second  term,  W.  R.  Green  was 
1st  lieutenant,  John  S.  Palmer  2d,  Thos.  Brummell  sergeant ; 
85  men.  In  1860,  under  Wentworth,  J.  H.  Williams  was 
1st,  Michael  Grant  2d  lieutenant,  and  Jacob  Schoenwald 
sergeant;  the  force  was  reduced  to  16  men.     In  1861,  the 


118  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

metropolitan  system  was  inaugurated,  and  Turtle  made  cap- 
tain, W.  AV.  Kennedy  1st  sergeant,  and  George  M.  Miller  2vl. 
sergeant  ;  18  men.  In  1802-63,  the  same  officers  and  same 
number  of  men  were  retained.  In  1864,  Capt.  W.  Turtle  was 
appointed  to  the  superintendency  of  the  force,  W.  W.  Ken- 
nedy was  made  captain,  and  Geo.  M.  Miller  1st  sergeant ;  22 
men.  In  July,  1864,  Miller  resigned  and  went  on  the  su- 
perintendent's stafp.  In  April,  same  year,  the  station  was 
removed  from  the  old  West  Mai'ket  building,  to  its  present 
quarters,  (Union  street)  which  was  purchased  and  fitted  up 
as  a  police  station  at  an  expense  of  $8,500. 

In  June,  1805,  N.  A.  Briscoe  was  appointed  1st  sergeant, 
and  the  force  was  increased  to  50  men.  In  Nov.,  1865,  James 
Garrity  was  appointed  sergeant  and  assigned  to  the  charge 
of  the  sub-station  on  the  corner  of  Lake  and  Paulina  streets, 
with  a  force  of  8  patrolmen.  November  3d,  1866,  Wm.  M. 
Douglas  was  appointed  sergeant;  May  15,  1867,  James 
B.  Crane  was  made  sergeant.  The  force  (West  Side 
force)  now  consists  (1868)  of  87  men,  with  five  sergeants, 
there  being  three  sub-stations.  A  new  four-story  brick  is 
about  to  be  erected  on  the  corner  of  Madison  and  Union 
streets,  at  a  cost  of  $20,000,  to  be  used  as  the  second  pre- 
cinct station. 

The  third  precinct  station  was  originally  located  on  the 
north  end  of  the  North  Market  Hall,  on  Michigan  street, 
and  was  established  June  16,  1855.  S.  P.  Putnam  was  1st 
lieutenant,  John  Noyes  2d,  and  George  Leander  sergeant. 
At  that  time  the  force  consisted  of  20  men.  In  1856,  under 
Mayor  Dyer,  Michael  Finnigan  was  1st  lieutenant,  Fred. 
Gund  second.  The  force  then  consisted  of  21  men — 2 
American,  5  German  and  14  Irish.  In  1857,  (under 
AVentworth)  Jacob  Rehm  was  1st  lieutenant  for  a  while, 
succeeded  by  H.  A.  Kauffman,  John  Noyes  2d,  and  Phillip 
Petrie  sergeant;  33  men.  In  1858,  under  Haines,  AVells 
Sherman  was  1st,  and  Richard  Bellinger  2d  lieutenant ;  35 
men.     In  1859,  Fred.  Gund  was  1st,  and   James   C.   Davis 


ALEXANDER  BOLD, 
Lieut.   Comdg,  Desplaines  St.  District. 


12 


THE    FIRE     PERIOD.  119 

2d  lieutenant;  40  men.  In  18G0,  under  Wentworth,  John 
Macauley  was  2d  lieutenant  and  the  force  was  reduced  to  16 
men.  In  1861,  when  the  metropolitan  system  was  inaugur- 
ated, William  Paulsen  was  made  captain,  and  Samuel  S. 
Houston  and  John  N.  Norton  sergeants.  The  force  was 
reduced  to  14  men.  In  1863,  Fred.  Gund  was  made  cap- 
tain, and  M.  C  Hickey  and  Chas,  H.  Jennings  sergeants; 
21  men.  In  1864,  Sergeant  Hickey  was  transferred  to  the 
1st  precinct,  and  Jacob  Sauter  appointed  to  till  his  place. 
The  force  was  again  reduced  to  14  men.  In  18()5,  Sergeant 
Sauter  died  and  Thos.  P,  Fox  was  appointed  in  his  stead, 
William  Macauley  being  made  3rd  sergeant,  to  take  command 
of  a  sub-station,  November  18,  1865,  Sergeant  Geo.  M. 
Miller  was  made  captain,  Mr.  Gund  having  been  made  po- 
lice commissioner.  April  30,  1866,  Wells  Sherman  suc- 
ceeded as  captain,  vice  Miller  resigned,  and  May  2d,  James 
A.  Gund  was  made  sergeant,  vice  Macauley  changed  to  Lake 
street  squad.  Frank  E.  Gerbing  was  made  sergeant  June 
5,  1867 ;  May  13,  1868,  Sergeant  Fox  was  appointed  captain, 
vice  Sherman  promoted,  and  Sam.  Ellis  was  made  sergeant. 
Jan'y  14,  1868,  John  Bans  was  made  sergeant,  vice  Gund 
deceased.  The  force  (North  Side  force)  now  consists  (1868) 
of  60  men,  with  three  sergeants,  there  being  one  sub-sta- 
tion. 

In  1869,  the  board  of  police  remained  unchanged,  but 
W.  W,  Kennedy  is  promoted  to  the  general  superintendency 
of  the  force.  There  was  no  change  in  the  city  officers,  and 
but  few  in  the  department  of  police,  beyond  the  change  in 
its  head.  The  first  precinct  station  had  57  men.  A  new 
sub-station  on  Cottage  Grove  avenue,  between  25th  and  26th 
streets,  in  charge  of  Sergeant  Richard  Shippey,  was  pro- 
vided with  a  force  of  22  men. 

The  headquarters  of  the  second  precinct  were  changed 
to  the  new  station  house  on  the  cornor  of  Union  and  Madi- 
son streets,  where  it  remained  for  many  years  afterward,  or 
until  the  present  Desplaines  street  station  was  ready  for  oc- 


120  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

« 

cupancy.  It  was  always  known  by  the  old  name  of  the 
"  Unii)n  street  station.'"  Here  Gaorge  Miller  Avas  captain, 
James  Garrity  was  1st,  and  N.  A.  Briscoe  2d  sergeant.  It 
had  a  detail  of  45  men.  The  Lake  street  sub-station  had 
21  men;  Twelfth  street  (James  B.  Crane  ,  sergeant),  2(5 
men ;  Chicago  avenue,  near  Milwaukee  avenue,  (Clias.  Ber- 
dell,  sergeant),  20  men.  The  third  precinct  headquarters 
were  removed  to  Huron,  between  Clark  and  Dearborn  streets. 
Captain  Fox  continued  in  command  of  the  precinct.  F,  E. 
Gerbing  was  1st,  and  A.  W.  Hathaway  2d  sergeant  of  the 
Huron  street  station.  The  detail  numbered  48  men.  The 
sub-station,  corner  of  North  Larrabee  street  and  North  ave- 
nue, was  in  charge  of  Sergeant  John  Bans,  who  commanded 
30  men. 

In  1870,  Hon.  R.  B.  Mason  became  mayor.  The  city  at- 
torney was  I.  N.  Stiles,  and  William  J.  Onahan  was  city 
collector,  a  position  which  he  held  after  a  lapse  of  a  decade 
under  Mayor  Harrison,  and  which  he  now  holds  under 
Mayor  Roche.  The  police  justices  were  A.  A.  Banyan  and 
John  Summerfield,  and  court  for  the  South  Side  was  held  at 
the  old  Armory.  On  the  West  Side  the  police  court  was 
located  in  the  Union  street  station,  and  on  the  North  Side  in 
the  Huron  street  station.  Canute  R.  Matson,  present  sheriff 
of  Cook  county,  was  clerk  of  the  police  court,  and  his  deputy 
for  the  West  Side  was  Adam  L.  Amberg,  and  for  the  North  Side 
Martin  Scully.  We  find  that  the  office  of  the  board  of  police 
and  the  headquarters  of  the  department  are  again  located  in 
the  basement  of  the  west  wing  of  the  Court  House,  where  they 
were  to  remain  until  driven  out  by  the  fire  of  the  following 
year.  There  is  no  change  in  the  leading  official  positions. 
John  P.  Paine  is  mentioned  as  a  clerk  in  the  detective  office. 
Louis  J.  Lull  is  2d  sergeant  at  the  Armory  station.  At  the  sub- 
station, 22d  and  Archer  road,  Thomas  Clayton  and  Edward 
Woods  are  1st  and  2d  sergeants,  with  2G  men,  and  Thomas 
Barrett  becomes  sergeant  of  the  Cottage  Grove  avenue  sta- 
tion, with  22   men.     Jonas  W.   Johnson    becomes  1st  ser- 


THE    FIRE     PEHIOD.  121 

geant  at  the  Union  street  station,  •  under  Captain  Miller. 
Sergeant  Briscoe  remains.  The  force  here  consists  of  48 
men.  Tlio  sub-station  at  Twelfth  audJohnson  streets  has  20 
men,  and  fen- the  first  time  Ave  meet  the  now  familiar  name  of 
Simon  O'Donuell,  who  has  been  promoted  out  of  the  ranks 
to  the  position  of  2(1  sergeant,  James  Garrity  occupying  the 
1st  place.  The  West  Lake  street  station  is  in  charge  of 
Sergeant  Douglas,  who  has  21  men.  The  West  Chicago 
avenue  station  is  in  charge  of  Sergeant  Chas.  Berdell,  who 
commands  20  men.  There  are  no  changes  in  the  third  pre- 
cinct, except  that  a  new  sergeant,  M.  Bisholf,  is  appointed 
to  serve  with  John  Bans  at  the  Larrabee  station,  which  has 

30  men. 

The  year  1871  opens  up  with  no  changes  of  importance 
in  the  personnel  of  the  city  government,  and  with  but 
few  in  the  department  of  police.  Hon.  R.  B.  Mason  is 
mayor,  in  the  second  year  of  his  term,  and  the  staff  he  se- 
lected upon  assuming  the  duties  of  his  office  remains  with 
him.  The  affairs  of  the  city  appear  to  be  in  a  more  pros- 
perous condition  than  ever  before.  Great  fortunes 
have  been  made  during  the  decade  just  past.  Mer- 
chants are  broadening  and  lengthening  their  facilities  for 
trade.  Old-fashioned  frame  storehouses  are  rapidly  disap- 
pearing, and  on  the  principal  thoroughfares,  granite,  iron 
and  glass  have  entered  largely  into  building  enterprises.  A 
monster  hotel  is  under  Avay;  great  blocks  of  substantial  and 
beautiful  business  houses  are  going  up  on  all  sides.  Some 
of  the  streets  already  compare  favorably  from  an  architec- 
tural point  of  view  with  any  in  the  world.  Handsome 
churches  and  costly  public  edifices  are  scattered  plentifully 
throughout  the  city.  The  money  famine,  which  is  begin- 
ning to  pinch  other  sections  of  the  country,  has  not  yet 
been  felt  here.  There  is  no  end  to  the  schemes  which  men 
of  capital  and  energy  have  planned  or  projected.  The  popu- 
lation increases  rapidly,  and  careful  investers  are  looking 
with  greedy  eyes  upon  Chicago  real  estate.     Matters  politi- 


122  THE    CHICAGO     TOLICE. 

cal  are  quiet.  The  es'tablishment  of  sub-statious  iu  the 
more  turbulejit  districts  have  done  much  toward  preventing 
and  repressing  the  vulgar  crimes.  Supt.  Kennedy  is  looked 
upon  as  a  most  efficient  officer,  and  there  is  great  confidence 
in  the  force.  True,  the  city  in  some  respects  is  very  wicked. 
It  has  a  larger  number  of  saloons,  grogeries,  dives,  concert 
halls,  dance  houses,  and  places  of  like  or  lower  character 
than  a  truly  moral  community  could  very  well  afford  to 
boast  of.  It  is  known  as  a  "fast"  city  throughout  the 
length  and  breadth  of  the  land.  People  of  respectability  do 
things,  and  tolerate  things  here,  which  are  perfectly  shock- 
irig  to  the  moral  sense  of  respectable  jjeople  elsewhere.  Men, 
reckless  of  public  opinion,  and  women,  regardless  of  feminine 
delicacy,  are  continually  creating  social  sensations,  which 
shake  whole  neighborhoods  of  gentility,  not  to  say  respecta- 
bility, from  center  to  circumference.  The  beauties  of  the 
stage  find  much  to  attract  them  to  Chicago,  and  receive 
much  attention  of  a  peculiar  kind  while  filling  their  engage- 
ments here.  The  painted  woman  drives  an  elegant  equipage, 
paid  for,  perhaps,  by  some  prominent  citizen ;  whole  thorough- 
fares are  given  over,  abandoned,  to  bagnios  and  brothels. 
Now  and  then  a  frightful  tragedy,  in  which  some  young  man, 
favorably  known  in  commercial  circles,  is  a  principal  or  a 
victim,  or  some  woman  of  hitherto  unquestioned  good  charac- 
ter is  involved,  demands  a  moment's  reflection  from  the  busy 
people,  but  as  a  rule  the  inhabitants  of  Chicago  in  1871  are 
not  spending  much  time  in  seriously  contemplating  the  moral 
situation,  nor  worrying  their  minds  over  questions  of  social 
purity.  The  aim  of  the  average  Chicagoan,  in  the  days  of 
which  we  speak,  is  first  of  all  to  make  money,  next  to  spend 
it — how,  when  and  where  is  nobody's  business.  The  Tribune 
in  1871  is  endeavoring  in  a  conservative  way  to  bring  about 
a  change  in  the  moral  atmosphere,  the  Evening  Journal 
likewise  demands  that  a  higher  price  be  put  upon  integrity 
and  virtue  than  tliey  now  command.  The  Tinica  calls  ""  a 
spade  a  spade,"  and  by  exposing  depravity  in  all  its  hideous 


THE    FIUE    PERIOD.  128 

forms,  hopes  to  check  it.  The  Republican,  in  a  more  guarded 
way,  aims  at  the  same  result  with  the  same  weapons.  The 
Evening  Post  is  inclined  to  reflect  the  light  and  airy  senti- 
ments of  the  day,  without  taking  them  into  serious  considera- 
tion, and  the  young  Erciiiiu/  Mail  throws  a  sunset  halo  over 
the  scene,  painting  Chicago  in  the  rosiest  of  hues.  The  Dailij 
News  has  not  yet  made  its  ajjpearance,  a  fact  which  may 
possibly  account  for  the  deplorable  moral  turpitude  of  the 
times.  But  the  ablest,  highest  or  most  conscientious  Chi- 
cago journalist  in  1871,  whether  it  was  the  philosophic 
Medill,  the  caustic  Storey,  the  skeptical  Matteson,  the 
poetical  Benjamin  F.  Taylor,  the  brilliant  McCullagh,  the 
satirical  Wilkie,  the  sedate  Wilson,  the  statistical  Forest, 
the  philanthropical  Bross,  the  amiable  Shuman,  the  astro- 
nomical Colbert,  the  historical  Chamberlain,  or  the  genial, 
generous  and  scholarly  Sheahan,  could  have  done  but  little 
toward  correcting  the  evils  which  everywhere  abounded. 
Water  or  fire,  a  deluge  or  a  conflagration,  was  necessary,  in 
order  that  the  careless,  reckless,  godless  inhabitants  of  the 
young  Western  metropolis  should  be  brought  to  their  senses. 
Before  the  awful  calamity  of  October  came  upon  the  city, 
the  police  force  consisted  of  about  310  men,  all  told.  Three 
additional  sub-stations  were  added  during  the  year,  known 
then  as  the  "South  Branch,"  "North  Branch"  and  "Web- 
ster avenue"  stations.  W.  W.  Kennedy  was  superintendent. 
Wells  Sherman  was  deputy  superintendent.  The  board  of 
police  consisted  of  Thomas  B.  Brown,  who  represented  the 
West  Division,  Mark  Sheridan,  South  Division,  Fred.  Gund, 
North  Division,  and  W.  James,  the  fire  department.  Mr. 
Brown  was  president,  and  E.  P.  Ward  was  secretary.  The 
1st  precinct  was  commanded  by  Capt.  Michael  C.  Hickey; 
William  Buckley  and  Louis  J.  Lull  being  the  sergeants  at 
the  Armory,  to  which  70  patrolmen  were  attached.  The  22d 
sti"eet  sub-station  was  in  charge  of  Sergeants  Morganthaler 
and  Clayton,  with  24  men.  Tlie  Cottage  Grove  avenue  sub- 
station was  in  charge  of  Sergeant  Barrett,    with    23    men. 


124  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

The  South  Branch  sub-station  Avas  in  charge  of  Ser- 
geant Ed.  W.  Wood,  with  1(5  patrolmen.  The  second 
precinct  was  commanded  by  Captain  George  Miller, 
with  Sergeants  Jonas  W.  Johnson  and  Chas.  H.  French 
in  charge  of  the  Union  street  station,  to  which  56 
patrolmen  were  attached.  The  West  Lake  street  sub-station 
was  in  charge  of  Sergeant  Douglas,  with  21  patrolmen;  the 
West  12th  street  sub-station  was  in  charge  of  Sergeants  N. 
A.  Briscoe  and  Simon  O'Domiell,  with  20  men;  the  West 
Chicago  avenue  station  was  in  charge  of  Sergeant  Charles 
Berdell,  with  20  men.  The  North  Branch  sub-station  was 
in  charge  of  Sergeant  Joseph  Garrity,  with  10  men.  The 
third  precinct  was  commanded  by  Captain  Thomas  D.  Fox ; 
the  Huron  street  station  beinty  in  charge  of  Sergeants  Charles 

o  o  o 

Rehm  and  A.  W.  HathaAvay,  with  48  men.  The  North  are- 
nue  sub-station  was  in  charge  of  Sergeants  John  Baus  and 
M.  Bishoff,  with  30  mep.  The  Webster  avenue  sub-station 
Was  in  charge  of  Sergeant  Macauley,  with  19  men. 

It  is  not  the  province  of  this  volume  to  enter  upon  the 
details  of  the  great  fire.  It  would  be  out  of  the  question  to 
treat  that  subject  as  it  ought  to  be  treated,  and  at  the  same 
time  do  justice  to  the  department  with  wdiich  our  work  is 
concerned.  A  History  of  the  Chicago  Fire  Department  is 
yet  to  be  written,  and  when  it  is  Avritten  the  great  fire  must 
receive  the  earnest  attention  of  the  writer.  For  the  present 
we  must  view  the  subject  strictly  from  a  police  standpoint. 

The  police  force  immediately  preceding  the  fire  is  said 
by  some  authorities  (notably  by  James  W.  Sheahan  and 
George  P.  Upton,  in  their  book,  "Chicago,  Its  Past,  Present 
and  Future" ),  to  have  numbered  400  men;  but  as  the 
force  only  numbered  425  in  March,  1872,  according 
to  Supt.  Kennedy's  report,  we  are  led  to  believe  that 
it  was  much  smaller  in  October,  1871.  All  data  con- 
cerning the  principal  stations  in  the  1st  and  3d  precincts 
was  swept  away  liy  the  fire,  and  nothing  of  an  oflicial  char- 
acter  was  left  to  tell   the  story  of  the  quarter  of  the  year 


THE    FlllE    I'ElilOD.  125 

eudiug  with  Sept.  30tb.  And  for  many  days  succeeding 
the  fire,  the  policemen  of  tliese  stations  had  nowhere  to 
report,  except  at  headquarters,  and  confusion  reigned 
supreme  throughout  the  burnt  district.  One  hundred  and 
fifty  of  the  police  force  were  left  homeless  and  almost  ])enni- 
less  by  the  fire.  Most  of  these  were  on  duty  during  the 
nights  of  October  8tli,  Uth  and  10th,  doing  wliat  little  they 
could  to  assist  the  firemen,  to  help  the  distracted  and  fleeing 
people,  to  protect  property  and  to  keep  the  peace,  while  their 
own  houses  were  being  swept  away,  and  their  own  families 
Avere  being  driven  before  the  flames,  to  the  lake  side  or  the 
prairie.  Testimony  is  not  wanting  to  prove  that  many  of 
the  oflicers  and  men  performed  heroic  service  during  tliese 
dreadful  nights,  and  during  many  nights  afterward, 
when  the  city  was  but  a  desolate  and  ghastly  waste  of  ashes. 
"I  desire  to  bear  testimony  to  the  cordial  co-operation  and 
efficiency  of  all  branches  of  the  service,"  said  Supt.  Ken- 
nedy, in  his  report  to  the  council,  "especially  during  the 
trying  times  succeeding  the  disastrous  conflagration  of  last 
October,  when  about  150  of  our  men  were  burned  out,  and 
while  their  families  were  houseless  and  homeless  they  rallied 
with  but  few  exceptions  to  their  posts  of  duty  immediately 
after  the  fire,  and  did  their  utmost,  along  with  the  balance  of 
the  force,  in  the  restoration  and  maintenance  of  order.  To 
them  and  to  the  entire  force,  as  the  executive  head  of  the 
department,  I  desire  to  liear  testimony  for  their  faithfulness 
and  coolness  in  their  duties,  when  so  many  of  our  citizens 
were  apparently  panic-stricken." 

The  fire  had  done  its  worst  when  it  consumed  everything 
in  its  path,  but  a  new  and  even  a  more  dreadful  terror  than 
that  just  passed  seized  the  public  mind  when  it  became 
rumored  that  incendiaries  and  robbers  were  attempting  to 
complete  the  disaster  which  had  already  befallen  the  commun- 
ity. Not  only  the  75,000  homeless  people  who  had  fled  before 
the  advancing  columns  of  flames,  but  the  thousands  who  still 
had  roofs  to  cover  their  heads,  in  the  sections  that  had  es- 


126  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

caped  the  calamity,  were  panic-stricken  by  tliis  newly  threat- 
ened calamity.  There  was  no  water,  and  a  fresh  outbreak 
of  fire  on  the  West  Side,  or  on  the  South  Side,  below  the 
black  line  of  debris,  would  probably  result  in  the  complete 
annihilation  of  the  city.  No  Avonder,  then,  that  horror 
seized  the  people  when  the  rumor  spread  that  incendiaries, 
with  an  eye  to  plunder,  were  at  their  devilish  work.  The 
citizens  at  once  formed  themselves  into  patrol  parties,  to 
protect  what  little  there  remained  in  the  burnt  district,  and 
to  prevent,  if  possible,  the  designs  of  the  incendiaries  and 
thieves  upon  those  sections  which  had  escaped  the  fire. 
These  patrol  parties  in  the  main  did  excellent  service,  but 
they  did  not  always  act  with  discretion,  and  it  was  popularly 
believed  that  many  innocent  persons  met  death  at  their  hands. 
Undisciplined,  inexperienced,  panicky  and  inclined  to  look 
with  suspicion  upon  every  stranger  who  came  along,  they 
served  to  increase  rather  than  to  diminish  the  alarm  of  hon- 
est people  in  many  quarters. 

While  the  flames  were  leap_ng  from  house  to  house  and 
from  block  to  block  on  the  South  Side,  and  driving  thou- 
sands of  frightened  people  before  them  over  the  bridges  and 
through  the  tunnel,  there  were  gathered  together  in  a  little 
West  Side  church  a  few  of  the  city  officials.  There,  on  the 
night  of  October  9th,  on  a  coarse  piece  of  paper,  was  drawn 
up  with  a  lead  pencil  the  famous  proclamation  of  Chicago  to 
the  civilized  world.  It  is  preserved  in  the  rooms  of  the  His- 
torical Society,  plainly  framed,  and  may  now  be  easily  read, 
for  it  is  as  legible  as  ever.  It  ought  to  be  encased  in  a  cabinet 
of  solid  gold,  and  placed  beyond  the  possibility  of  loss  or 
destruction.  With  many  other  treasures,  above  price,  it  is 
at  the  mercy  of  the  first  neighborhood  fire,  in  the  miserable 
quarters  which  are  provided  for  the  use  of  the  Historical  So- 
ciety— quarters  which,  by  the  Avay,  are  a  sad  commentary  on 
the  vaunted  public  spirit,  home  pride  and  culture  of  our  citi- 
zens. The  proclamation  touches  upon  police  matters,  but  if 
it  did  not,  it  deserves  a  prominent  place  in  any  work  which 


THE    FIRE    TEltlOD.  127 

aims  to  follow  the  history  of  this  city,  no  matter  how  lightly. 

It  ruus  as  follows: 

Whereas,  in  the  providence  of  God,  to  whoso  will  we  humbly  sub- 
mit, a  terrible  calamity  has  befallen  our  city,  which  demands  of  its  our 
best  eflForts  for  the  preservation  of  order  and  the  relief  of  the  sufferinj^. 
Be  it  known  that  the  faith  and  credit  of  the  city  of  Ohicaffo  is  here- 
by pledged  for  the  necessary  expenses  for  the  relief  of  the  suffering. 
Public  order  will  be  preserved.  The  police  and  special  j)olico  now  being 
appointed  will  be  responsible  for  the  maintenance  of  peace  and  the  pro- 
tection of  property.  All  officers  and  men  of  the  fire  department  and 
health  department  will  act  as  special  policemen  without  further  notice. 
The  mayor  and  comptroller  will  give  vouchers  for  all  supplies  furnished 
by  the  different  relief  committees.  The  headquarters  of  the  city  gov- 
ernment will  be  at  the  Congregational  Church,  corner  of  West  Washing- 
ton and  Ann  streets.  All  persons  are  warned  against  any  acts  tending  to 
endanger  ijroperty.  All  persons  caught  in  any  depredations  will  be  im- 
mediately arrested. 

With  the  help  of  God  order  and  peace  and  private  property  shall  be 
preserved.  The  city  government  and  committees  of  citizens  pledge  them- 
selves to  the  community  to  protect  them  and  prepare  the  way  for  a  res- 
toration of  public  and  private  welfare. 

It  is  believed  the  fire  has  spent  its  force  and  all  will  soon  be  well. 

R  B.  Masox,  Mayor. 

George  Taylor,  Comptroller. 

Charles  C.  P.  Holden,  President  Common  Council. 

T.  B.  Brown,  President  Board  of  Police. 
Chicago,  October  9th,  1871. 

The  telegraph  brought  the  words:  ^' Be  if  knoini  f/iaf  the 
faith  and  credit  of  the  citij  of  Cliicago  is  licrehy  pledged 
for  fJie  necessai^y  expenses  for  tJte  relief  of  tJie  suffering,'''' 
to  every  part  of  the  globe,  and  they  unlocked  the  hearts  and 
opened  the  purses  of  mankind  to  Chicago.  The  men  who 
were  dictating  and  the  man  who  was  writing  this  proclama- 
tion, were  being  beggared  in  that  very  hour,  but  they  dic- 
tated and  wrote  as  if  inspired,  and  their  words  filled  the 
world  with  confidence  in  the  future  of  Chicago. 

The  mayor,  by  proclamation,  requested  all  good  citizens 
who  -were  willing  to  serve,  to  report  at  the  city  headquarters 
and  be  sworn  in  as  special  policemen.  Hundreds  immedi- 
ately responded.  Citizens  were  requested  to  organize  a  po- 
lice force   for  each  block  in  the  city  and  to  send  reports  of 


128  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

such  organizations  to  police  headquarters,  which  had  been 
removed  to  the  Union  street  station.  Gen.  Sheridan  saw  the 
situation  at  a  glance  and  immediately  apj)ealed  to  the  secre- 
tary of  war,  Gen.  Belknap,  for  assistance.  The  government, 
through  the  secretary,  immediately  responded,  throwing 
open  its  supply  depots  to  Gen.  Sheridan,  and  ordering  at 
once  seven  companies  of  regulars  to  report  here  for  duty. 
A  regiment  of  old  soldiers,  sworn  in  for  twenty  days'  duty  by 
Gen.  Sheridan,  was  immediately  organized.  The  preserva- 
tion of  the  peace  and  good  order  of  the  city  Avas  entrusted 
by  the  mayor  to  the  gallant  Sheridan,  and  from  the  moment 
he  assumed  control  the  confidence  of  the  people  began  to 
return  and  to  grow.  On  the  12tli  he  reported  to  Mayor 
Mason:  "No  authenticated  attempt  at  incendiarism  has 
reached  me,  and  the  people  of  the  city  are  calm,  quiet  and 
well-disposed.  The  force  at  my  disposal  is  ample  to  main- 
tain order  should  it  be  necessary,  and  protect  the  district 
devastated  by  fire.  Still  I  would  suggest  to  citizens  not  to 
relax  their  watchfulness  until  the  smouldering  fires  of  the 
burnt  buildings  are  entirely  extinguished."' 

Lieut. -Gen.  P.  H.  Sheridan  was  practically  the  superin- 
tendent of  police  of  Chicago  from  the  1 1th  to  the  23rd  of 
October.  On  the  latter  date  he  wrote  to  the  adjutant-gen- 
eral of  the  army,  Washington,  D.  C,  as  follows: 

Sir: — The  disorganized  condition  of  affairs  in  this  city,  produced  by 
and  immediately  following  the  late  tire,  induced  the  city  authorities  to 
ask  for  assistance  from  the  military  forces,  as  shown  by  the  mayor's 
proclamation  of  Oct.  11, 1871.  To  protect  the  public  interests  intrusted 
to  me  by  the  mayor's  proclamation,  I  called  to  this  city  Companies  A  and 
K  of  the  Ninth  Infantry,  from  Omaha,  Companies  A,  H  and  K  of  the 
Fifth  Infantry,  from  Leavenworth,  Company  I,  Sixth  Infantry,  from  Fort 
Scott,  and  accepted  the  kind  offer  of  Major  General  Halleck  to  send  me 
Companies  F,  N  and  K  of  the  Fourth,  and  Company  E  of  the  Sixteenth 
Infantry,  from  Kentucky.  I  also,  with  the  approbation  of  the  mayor» 
called  into  service  of  the  city  of  Chicago  a  regiment  of  volunteers  for 
twenty  days.  These  troops,  both  regulars  and  volunteers,  were  actively 
engaged  during  their  service  here  in  protecting  the  treasure  in  the  burnt 
district,  guarding  the  unbumt  d  strict  from  disorders  and  danger  by  fur. 
ther  fires,  and  in  protecting  the  storehouses,  depots  and  sub-depots  of  sup- 
plies, especially  for  the  relief  of  sufferers  from  the  fire.     These  duties 


THE    FIKE     I'EUIOD.  129 

were  terminateci  on  the  23d  iust.,  the  repfiilars  started  to  their  respective 
stations,  and  the  volunteers  were  discharged.  It  is  proper  to  mention 
that  these  volunteers  were  not  taken  into  the  service  of  the  United  States, 
and  no  orders,  agreements  or  promises  were  made  giving  them  any  claims 
against  the  United  States  for  services  rendered. 
I  am,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

P.  H.  Sheridan, 
Lieut.-Gencral  Command  in  (j. 

The  volunteer  regiment  spoken  of  was  partly  composed 
of  companies  of  the  state  militia,  ordered  by  .Lieutenant- 
General  Sheridan  or  some  of  his  subordinates  to  report  to 
him  or  them,  and  of  recruits  enlisted  under  their  authority. 
The  regiment  was  constituted  as  follows : 

Col.  Frank  T.  Sherman,  Chicago  Volunteers,  commanding. 

Major  C.  H.  Dyer,  Adjutant. 

Major  Charles  T.  Scammou,  Aid-de-camp. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  H.  Osterman,  First  Regiment  National  Guards, 
Illinois  State  Militia. 

Major  G.  A.  Bender.  First  Regiment  National  Guards,  Illinois  State 
Militia. 

Captain  Fisher's  company  (A);  Captain  Pasch's  company  (D);  Cap- 
tain-Como's  company  (G) ;  Captain  Paul's  company  (H)  ;  Captain  Kel- 
ter's  company  (I),  all  of  First  Regiment  National  Guards,  Illinois  State 
Militia. 

Captain  Rogers'  company  (B);  Captain  Merrill's  company  (C);  Cap- 
tain Baker's  company  (K),  all  of  First  Chicago  Volunteers. 

Captain  Colson's  company,  University  Cadets. 

Captain  Crowley's  company,  Montgo7uery  Light  Guards. 

Captain  McCarthy's  company,  Mulligan  Zouaves. 

Captain  Ryan's  company,  Sheridan  Guards. 

Captain  Salter's  company,  Chicago  Cadets. 

Captain  Williams'  company,  Hannibal  Zouaves. 

Also  four  companies  of  the  Norwegian  Battalion  of  National  Guards, 
commanded  by  Major  Alstrup. 

Exaggerated  reports  of  disorder,  tumult,  riot,  loss  of  life, 

lynchings,  etc.,  were  sent  out  by   excited  or  unscrupulous 

newspaper  correspondents  for  a  week  after  the  fire.      The 

truth  is,  the  people,  while  panic-stricken  at  first,  very  soon 

regained  their  composure  and  went  about  making  the  best  of 

it,  attending  to  their  own  business,  and  looking  neither  to 

the  right  nor  to  the  left,  but  to  the  future,  which  looked 

bleak  enough  before  the  ashes  cooled.     Whatever  the  iuteu- 


130  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

tions  of  the  criminal  classes  may  have  been,  the  fact  that 

Sheridan  was  in  CDmmand,  and  that  he  had  a  small  army  of 

regulars  behind  him,  compelled  them  to  be  very  careful  in 

all  their  enterprises.     That  a  number  of  persons  met  death 

at  the  hands  of  excited  citizen-policemen  is  most  probably 

true,  but  that  the  number  exceeded,  or  even  reached,  half  a 

dozen,  all  told,  is  very  improbable. 

In   Colbert  and  Chamberlain's  work,  "Chicago  and  the 

Great  Conflagration,"  we  find  the  following    version    of  the 

causes  which  led  to  the  rather  sudden  surrender  of  authority 

on  the  part  of  Lieut. -General  Sheridan: 

The  period,  of  military  rule  came  to  an  eud  on  the  23d  of  October.  It 
was  doubtless  hastened  by  a  melancholy  occurrence  which  serve  J  to  elicit 
some  serious  animadversions  on  the  policy  of  employing  military  usages 
to  the  extent  which  characterized  this  period.  Thomas  Grosveuer,  Esq., 
prosecuting  attorney  for  the  city  in  the  police  courts,  was  fatally  shot  on 
the  morning  of  the  21st,  by  a  young  man  named  Treat,  belonging  to  Col. 
Sherman's  '*  home  guard,"  and  acting  as  sentinel  near  the  Douglas  Uni- 
versity, of  which  he  is  a  student.  Mr.  Grosvener,  going  home  after  mid- 
night, was  challenged  by  the  sentinel  and  refused  to  halt.  Treat  told 
him  he  should  fire  iipon  him  if  he  did  not  obey.  The  reply  was,  "Fire 
and  be  d d."  The  sentinel,  true  to  his  word,  drew"  up  and  fired,  shoot- 
ing Grosvener  through  the  lungs.  He  was  soon  afterward  arrested  and 
held  for  the  action  of  the  grand  jury.  The  popular  voice  generally  sus- 
tained the  boy,  and  blamed  the  victim  for  his  rashness;  but  a  gloom  was 
spread  over  the  community  by  the  event,not  only  because  the  deceased  was 
a  popular  man,  but  because  the  situation  had  really  become  such  as  not 
to  require  military  aid  any  longer.  Accordingly,  on  the  23d,  Mayor  Ma- 
son, after  some  sharp  correspondence  with  the  board  of  police  commis- 
sioners, who  had  been  piqued  from  the  first  at  the  temporary  diminution 
of  their  consequence,  relieved  Gen.  Sheridan  of  the  duty  which  he  had 
asked  him  to  accept  twelve  days  before.  And  thus  ended  the  period  of 
death,  of  panic  and  of  military  law. 

The  losses  sustained  by  the  police  department  in  the 
great  fire  are  summarized  as  follows:  Buildings,  $53,500; 
office  and  station  furniture  and  supplies,  $10,000;  boat- 
house,  two  boats,  grappling  irons  and  fixtures,  $500;  mus- 
kets to  the  number  of  620,  $8,G80;  total,  $72,680.  Besides 
these  losses,  six  brass  cannon,  carriages,  cassions,  harness 
and  equipments,  value  not  estimated,  were  destroyed ;  also  a 
large  amount  of  property  in    the    hands    of  the    custodian, 


THE     FIRE     PERIOD. 


131 


which  had  been  lost,  stoleu,  unclaimed  or  detained  as  evi- 
dence in  criminal  cases,  amounting  in  value  to  about  $20,- 
000. 

For  the  relief  of  the  members  of  the  department  who 
sutfered  by  the  fire,  the  following  amounts  were  received 
from  the  sources  named: 

Sullivan  &  Blanchard, 

Detroit, $    25.00 

Louisville  police  dept.     300.00 
Quebec  "  "  40.25 

Brooklyn       "  "      3,047.71 

Mass.  constabulary,.-      212.00 
New  Orleans  police  dept.    56.76 


Boston  police 

dept., 

...Sl,381.00 

St.  Louis  " 

--  1,000.00 

Worcester  " 

-.      165.00 

Baltimore  " 

-.      925.00 

Cleveland  " 

--  2,000.00 

Buffalo,      " 

..      500.00 

Milwauk'e" 

._      200.00 

Memphis   '' 

-  -      189.00 

Total $10,044.66 

Local  politics  began  to  claim  public  attention  before 
the  burnt  district  had  entirely  cooled  off.  A  vigorous  fight 
was  made  by  the  better  class  of  citizens  of  both  the  demo- 
cratic and  republican  parties  to  throw  the  "bummer"  poli- 
ticians overboard,  and  nominate  only  citizens  of  known  integ- 
rity and  ability  for  city  and  county  offices.  The  result  was 
the  combination  of  citizens,  which  ended  in  the  triumph- 
ant election  of  the  "fire-proof"  candidate,  with  Hon.  Joseph 
Medill  at  their  head.  Police  and  Fire  Commissioner  Fred. 
Gund  sought  re-election,  but  was  overwhelmingly  defeated, 
the  people  seeming  to  be  determined  to  root  out  all  those 
who  could  be  considered  in  any  way  responsible  for  the  ca- 
lamity that  had  befallen  the  city.  Mayor  Mason  retired 
from  office,  and  Mayor  Medill  was  sworn  in  at  the  council 
meeting  held  on  the  -Ith  of  December,  1871. 


132  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

FROM  1871  TO  1877— THE  RISE  OF  CHICAGO  FROM  HER  ASHES— JOSEPH 
MEDILL'S  PROPHECY— HIS  ADMINISTRATION-WHERE  HE  MADE  A 
MISTAKE— THE  FANATICAL  PARTY  EXPOSES  ITS  HEAD  AGAIN  AND 
IT  IS  AGAIN  CRUSHED— TROUBLE  IN  THE  POLICE  BOARD— WASH- 
BURN'S UNFITNESS  FOR  THE  SUPERINTENDENCY-COLVIN'S  ELEC- 
TION—JACOB    REHM— M.    C.    HICKEY— A    BLACK    HORIZON. 

The  police  department  Avas  the  first  to  recover  from  the 
demoralization  caused  by  the  fire  in  1871,  and  aside  from 
the  comparatively  small  losses  which  it  sustained  in  buildings, 
equipment,  records,  etc.,  it  soon  ceased  to  feel  the  effect  of 
that  calamity.  The  headquarters  of  the  department  re- 
mained at  the  Union  street  station.  West  Side,  until  the 
temporary  City  Hall,  which  attained  celebrity  as  the  ''Rook- 
ery" was  thrown  together,  at  the  corner  of  Adams  and  La 
Salle  streets.  This  building  was  erected  and  ready  for  oc- 
cupancy within  a  few  months  after  the  fire.  The  old  Arm- 
ory station  was  undergoing  repairs  when  the  fire  occurred, 
and  the  1st  precinct  headquarters  were  located  for  the  time 
being  in  the  old  bridewell  building,  on  Wells  street,  (Fifth 
avenue).  When  the  ground  had  cooled  sufficiently  to  allow 
it,  the  headquarters  were  moved  into  the  frame  school  house 
on  the  corner  of  Wabash  avenue  and  Harrison  street,  and  a 
few  days  later  to  the  frame  school  house  which  was  situated 
on  the  corner  of  Harrison  street  and  Pacific  avenue.  Addi- 
tions were  made  to  this  structure  and  it  served  all  purposes 
passably  well  until  the  new  Armory  was  erected  at  a  cost 
of  $40,000.  The  precinct  station  of  the  North  Division  was 
located  for  a  time  after  the  fire  at  No.  180  Dearborn  avenue, 
and  was  removed  to  its  present  quarters.  East  Chicago  ave- 
nue in  1873,  in  a  building  erected  at  a  cost  of  $24,303.63.     In 


AUGUST   C.  ARCH, 
Lieut.   Comdg.    Twenty-seeond  St.  Disttict. 


13 


THE    SECOND    BEGINNING.  133 

• 

his  inaugural  address  Mayor  Medill  noted  the  fact  that  the 
members  of  the  police  and  tire  departments  Avere  paid  nearly 
$900,000  for  their  services  on  the  Saturday  preceding  the 
fire,  so  that  the  city  Avas  not  indebted  to  them  in  any  large 
amount,  when  the  great  calamity  occurred. 

Although  but  a  few  weeks  had  elapsed  between  the  time 
of  the  dreadful  visitation  and  the  assumption  by  Mr.  Medill 
of  the  mayorial  chair,  the  spirit  and  confidence  of  the  peo- 
ple had  already  been  restored,  and  this  is  seen  nowhere 
more  plainly  than  in  the  inaugural  address  delivered  by  that 
gentleman.  "I  point  with  pride  and  admiration,"  he  said, 
in  concluding  his  remarks,  "to  the  gigantic  efforts  our  whole 
people  are  putting  forth  to  rise  from  the  ruins  and  rebuild 
Chicago.  The  money  value  of  their  losses  can  hardly  be 
calculated.  But  Avho  can  compute  the  aggregate  of  anguish, 
distress  and  suffering  they  have  endured  and  must  endure  ? 
Their  wounds  are  still  sore  and  agonizing,  though  they  have 
been  greatly  alleviated  by  the  prompt,  generous  and  world- 
Avide  charities  that  have  been  poured  out  for  their  succor  and 
relief;  and  I  claim  in  their  behalf  that  they  are  shoAving 
themselves  worthy  the  benefactions  received.  They  have 
faced  their  calamity  Avith  noble  fortitude  and  unflinching 
courage.  Repining  or  lamentation  is  unheard  in  our 
midst,  but  hope  and  cheerfulness  are  everyAvhere  exhibited 
and  expressed.  All  are  inspired  with  an  ambition  to  prove 
to  the  Avorld  that  they  are  worthy  of  its  sympathy,  confidence 
and  assistance,  and  to  show  how  bravely  they  can  encounter 
disaster,  Iioav  quickly  repair  losses  and  restore  Chicago  ta 
her  high  rank  among  the  great  cities  of  the  Avorld.  Happily 
there  is  that  left  Avhich  fire  cannot  consume— habits  of  in- 
dustry and  self-reliance,  personal  integrity,  business  apti- 
tude, mechanical  skill  and  unconquerable  will.  These  created 
what  the  flames  devoured,  and  these  can  speedily  re-create  more 
than  was  swept  aAvay.  Under  free  institutions,  good  gov- 
ernment and  the  blessings  of  Providence,  all  losses  Avill  soon 
be  repaired,  all  misery  caused  by  the   fire  assuaged,  and  a 


X'Si  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

prosper!  fij  (f reciter  than  ever  dreamed  of  will  he  achiered  in  a 
j)erio(l  .so  brief  iJud  Ike  rise  will  (istonish  uKinkind  even  more 
tluni  the  f(dl  of  Cti  iccitjo.'''' 

We  have  italicized  the  coiichiding  lines  o£  Mr.  MedilFs 
inspiring,  and,  it  would  seem,  inspired  peroration,  for,  in  the 
light  of  subsequent  events,  they  stand  out  boldly  and  unas- 
sailable, as  a  prophecy  fulfilled.  But  few  men  in  Chicago 
had  more  confidence  in  the  future  than  had  Mr.  Medill,  al- 
thouirh  at  the  time  these  words  were  uttered  the  South  and 
North  Divisions  of  the  city  were  still  covered  with  the  black 
and  hideous  ruins  of  the  great  conflagration,  and  it  may  be  said 
that  he  but  voiced  the  general  sentiment  of  the  people  who 
had  just  elected  him,  Avitli  loud  acclamation,  as  the  man 
who  could  bring  order  out  of  chaos,  and  guide  the  stricken 
city  through  the  most  perilous  epoch  in  her  history. 

In  1872,  as  has  been  stated,  the  headquarters  of  the  po- 
lice department  were  located  in  the  temporary  City  Hall.  The 
board  of  police  consisted  of  Mark  Sheridan,  Jacob  Rehm,  L. 
H.  Davis,  and  Mancel  Talcott,  and  in  the  board  James  E. 
Chadwick  represented  the  fire  department.  W.  W.  Ken- 
nedy retained  the  position  of  general  superintendent  during 
the  early  j)art  of  the  year.  The  police  committee  of  the  city 
council  was  composed  of  J.  C.  Knickerbocker,  P.  H.  Hickey, 
Louis  Schaffner,  George  P.  Powell  and  Monroe  Heath. 

The  first  precinct  station,  Harrison  street  and  Pacific 
avenue,  was  commanded  by  Capt.  Michael  C.  Hickey,  and 
William  Buckley  and  Edward  Hood  were  sergeants.  The 
force  of  the  station  numbered  04  men.  The  sub-station,  on 
22d  street,  was  in  charge  of  Sergeants  Clayton  and  Morgan- 
thaler,  with  21  men;  the  Cottage  Grove  avenue  sub-station 
was  in  charge  of  Sergeant  Thomas  Barrett,  who  commanded 
20  men;  the  South  Branch  sub-station,  Archer  avenue  and 
Deering  streets  (now  known  as  the  Deering  street  station) 
was  in  charge  of  Sergeant  J.  L.  Lull,  who  commanded  17  men. 

The  second  precinct  station  was  commanded  by  Capt.  C. 
H.  French,  and  Jonas  D.  Johnson  and  James  Garrity  were 


THE    SECOND    BEGINNING.  135 

sergeants  at  the  precinct  station,  the  force  consisting  of  GO 
men;  the  snb-station,  OOU  West  Lake  street,  was  in  charge 
t)f  Sergeants  W.  N.  Dougbis  and  Thomas  Moore,  and  had  a 
force  of  10  men;  the  sub-station,  12tli  and  Jolmson  streets, 
was  in  charge  of  Sergeants  N.  A.  Briscoe  and  Simon  O'Don- 
nell,  and  had  a  detail  of  otJ  men;  the  sub-station  on  West 
Chicaijo  avenue  was  in  chargfe  of  Ser^^eant  Charles  Berdell, 
and  had  a  force  of  15  men;  the  North  Branch  (rolling 
mills )  station  was  in  charge  of  Sergeant  AVilliam  B.  Mac- 
auley,  and  had  a  detail  of  12  men. 

The  third  |)recinct  was  commanded  by  Frederick  Guud, 
that  gentleman  having  resumed  his  captaincy  after  retiring 
from  the  boanl ;  Charles  Behm  and  AmosW.  Hathaway  were 
the  sergeants  attached  to  the  precinct  station,  llSO  Dearborn 
avenue,  and  the  detail  was  40  men ;  the  Larrabee  sub-sta- 
tion was  in  charofe  of  Sero^eants  John  Baus  and  M.  Bishoff, 
and  had  a  force  of  18  men;  the  Webster  avenue  sub-station 
was  in  charge  of  Sergeant  Thomas  D.  Fox,  and  mustered  15 
men. 

The  conduct  of  police  atfairs  under  Mayor  Medill  exhib- 
ited no  signs  of  weakness  or  vacillation  during  the  early 
mouths  of  his  administration,  and  doubtless  his  term 
would  have  been  a  most  successful  one,  from  every  point  of 
view,  had  not  that  ever-disturbing  element,  which  is  sup- 
posed in  a  vague  sort  of  way  to  be  composed  of  the  "better 
class  of  citizens,"  insisted  upon  taking  part  in  the  manage- 
ment of  public  afPairs.  The  police  department  was  well 
managed  in  the  spring  of  1872.  Some  of  the  best  men 
that  were  ever  attached  to  tlie  force  held  prominent  com- 
manding positions;  strict  discipline  prevailed;  there  was 
that  esprit  among  the  men  of  every  grade — too  often  miss- 
ing since  that  time — which  contributed  largely  toward 
bringing  the  force  up  to  a  high  standard.  Mr.  Medill  had 
seen  many  imperfections  in  the  police  establishment  when 
he  entered  upon  his  duties  as  mayor,  and  with  the  assistance 
of  friendly  members  of   the  board  of   police  commissioners 


130  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

had  striven  hard  to  correct  them,  and  in  many  instances  had 
succeeded.  The  force  was  very  small,  considering  the  con- 
dition of  the  city  at  the  time.  The  work  of  rebuilding  was 
under  way.  and  thousands  of  strangers  wore  flocking  into 
Chicago  from  every  point  of  the  compass.  All  classes  of 
tradesmen  found  ready  employment,  and  the  demand  created 
l)y  the  stupendous  undertaking  involved  in  the  rebuilding  of 
the  city,  di'ained  the  labor  market  in  other  sections  of  the 
country.  It  was  estimated  that  for  some  time  during  the 
spring  and  summer  of  '72,  mechanics  and  laborers  arrived 
here  from  outside  points  at  an  average  rate  of  5,000  per 
week.  Good  Avages  and  plenty  of  work  made  money  easy 
in  Chicago  during  those  days,  and,  as  a  natural  result,  every 
train-load  of  strangers  contained  a  large  percentage  of  dis- 
reputal)le  characters,  who  had  turned  their  footsteps  toward 
Chicago  with  an  iilea  in  view  of  preying  upon  the  honest 
people  of  the  community.  Gamblers,  bunko-steerers,  confi- 
dence men,  sharpers  and  criminals  of  every  description  ar- 
rived in  shoals ;  besides,  the  fire  had  demoralized  a  large 
number  of  residents,  who  had  up  to  October  9,  1871,  ranked 
among  respectable  people.  Reckless  dissipation  on  the  part 
of  those  who  had  lost  part  or  all  their  possessions  in  the  con- 
flagration was  not  uncommon.  Some  took  to  stimulants; 
others  to  gambling ;  the  decade  after  the  fire  is  streAvn  with  the 
whitened  bones  of  human  wrecks,  caused  by  that  great  ca- 
lamit}^ .  Saloons,  concert  halls,  dives,  brothels  and  gambling 
hells  flourished.  The  temptations  were  great  and  the  means 
of  yielding  to  them  plentiful.  Nobody  who  could  or  would 
work  need  suffer  for  want  of  money. 

The  police  suffered  from  numerous  disadvantages.  The 
city  was  undergoing  a  complete  metamorphosis;  locations 
were  obliterated,  old  landmarks  destroyed;  the  neighbor- 
lioods  that  had  been  respectable  had  become  disreputable, 
the  slums  of  anti-fire  days  had  become  purified;  the  streets 
were  almost  impassable  for  months  after  the  fire;  shelter 
and  hiding  places  for  criminals  al)ounded    in  the  ruins  or  in 


THE    SECOND    BEGINNING.  137 

the  rising  buildings;  new  faces  were  in  the  majority  among 
the  criminals,  and  the  most  experienced  officers  had  to  learn 
their  trade  over  again,  just  as  if  they  had  been  assigned  to 
duty  in  a  new  city.  Notwithstanding  all  these  drawbacks 
they  did  splendid  work  in  preventing  and  punishing  crime. 
They  had  more  serious  matters  to  deal  with  than  the  enforce- 
ment of  unimportant  city  ordinances,  and  wliile  they  were 
struggling  to  hold  the  burglar,  the  footpad,  the  murderous 
thug  in  check,  they  had  to  give  free  rein  to  the  grog  shop 
keepers,  the  bunko-steerers,  the  confidence  men  and  the 
minor  class  of  criminals  generally. 

Then  the  reformer  came  to  the  front,  and,  as  usual,  he 
was  not  satisfied  with  reforming  by  degrees,  but  insisted, 
as  he  often  had  before,  as  he  often  has  since,  and  as  he 
often  will  again,  that  everything  should  be  reformed  at 
once;  that  nothing  should  remain  unreformed.  There  was 
room  for  reformation;  everybody  realized  that,  and  the  re- 
former was  given  full  rein.  Meetings  were  held  at  which 
he  made  speeches  damning  the  administration  in  general 
and  the  conduct  of  police  affairs  in  particular.  Jacob  Rehm 
had  retired  from  the  police  board,  and  E.  F.  C.  Klokke  took 
his  place.  The  board,  in  the  spring  of  1872.  was  consti- 
tuted as  follows:  Mancel  Talcott,  president,  Mark  Sheridan, 
E.  F,  C.  Klokke  and  L.  H.  Davis,  the  latter  representing 
the  fire  department. 

There  had  been  organized  a  "  Committee  of  Seventy," 
composed  of  leading  citizens  and  a  large  number  of  clergy- 
men, who  were  bent  upon  the  immediate  and  unconditional 
purification  of  the  city.  Some  of  them  were  men  of  large, 
some  of  fair  to  middling  calibre,  but  most  of  them  had  nar- 
row views  and  were  impelled  onward  by  motives  which,  when 
probed  to  the  bottom,  proved  to  be  of  a  very  low  order.  The 
first  and  second  named  classes  very  soon  withdrew  from  the 
contest,  leaving  the  last  named  in  full  possession  of  the  field. 
They  appointed  a  sub-committee  of  fifteen  to  call  upon  the 
mayor,  and  deraantl  the  enforcement  of  the  reform  measures 


138  TliE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

which  they  had  agreed  among  themselves  were  absolutely 
necessary  to  the  salvation   of  the   city.      The  Sunday    law 
must  be  enforced  first  of  all.     There  must  be  no  selling  or 
buying  of  liquors  in  Chicago  on  the  Sabbath ;  temperance 
must  be  enforced  everywhere,  and  the  morality  of  the  city 
must  be  speedily  elevated.     The  mayor  received   the  com- 
mittee courteously,  but  informed  the  gentlemen  that,  while 
he  agreed  Avith  them  fully  as  to  the  desirability  of  bringing 
about  the  reforms  they  demanded,  yet  it  Avould  require  some 
time  to  change  the  habits  of  the  people,  and  that  any  attempt 
to  deprive  them  of  what  they  conscientiously  believed  to  be 
their  rights,  no  matter  hoAv  forcibly  they  might  be  argued 
or  dealt   with,  would   inevitably    result   in    dismal   failure. 
But  he  was  endeavoring,  and  would  endeavor  still  further, 
to  bring  about  a  satisfactory  change  in  the  moral   condition 
of  the  city,  bat,  he  assured  them,  it  must  be  a  slow  process, 
as   Chicago  was  to  all  intents   and  purposes  beginning  life 
anew,  and  it  would  require  some  time  before  the  people  be- 
came settled  in  their  ways.     When  the  present  strain  upon 
the  public  mind  had  relaxed,  he  believed  the  disreputable 
classes  would  be   eliminated  rapidly,  but  it  would  be  bad 
policy  now  to  force  an  issue  which  was  obnoxious   to  many 
thousands  of   the  most  industrious  of  citizens.     The  Ger- 
mans, for  instance,  could  not  be  reconciled  to  the  belief  that 
beer  drinking  on  Sundays  was  an  offense  against  morality. 
And   yet    Mr.    Medill,   undoubtedly    against  his   better 
judgment,  yielded  little  by  little  to  the  pressure  which  the 
committee  of  seventy  brought  to  bear  upon  him.     His  first 
mistake  was  the  dismissal  of  Superintendent  of  Police  Ken- 
nedy, on  July  21),  and  his  second  was  the   appointment   of 
Elmer  Washburn  to  fill  tlie  vacancy.     Washburn  had  dis- 
tinguished  himself  at   the  head  of  the  government  secret 
service  during  the  war,  and  was,  at  the  time  of  his  appoint- 
ment, warden  of  the  Illinois  penitentiary.     He  had  not  the 
slightest  experience  as  a  policeman,  and  was  entirely  unfa- 
miliar with  the  duties  of  a  police  superintendency.     In  a 


THE    SECOND    BEGINNING.  139 

word,  he  lacked  every  requisite  supposed  to  be  necessary  to 
the  successful  management  of  a  police  force.  He  entered 
upon  his  duties  witli  the  assumption  that  everything  up  to 
date  had  been  mismanaged ;  that  everything  then  existing 
was  wrong ;  that  the  speediest  and  best  method  of  correcting 
the  existing  evils  Avas  to  demolish  the  entire  police  estab- 
lishment first,  and  then  reconstruct  it  after  his  own  methods. 
And  then  he  undertook,  in  res[)onse  to  the  "  sentiments  of 
the  better  classes,"  to  regulate  the  habits,  to  revolutionize 
the  customs  of  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  people.  During 
his  brief  career  as  superintendent  of  police,  the  force  was 
pretty  badly  shaken  up.  There  was  no  longer  any  inter- 
change of  opinion  between  the  chief  and  his  captains.  He 
would  listen  to  no  suggestions,  simply  waving  his  siibordi- 
nates  off,  and  telling  them  that  they  would  hear  from,  him 
officially.  He  employed  a  corps  of  clerks,  who  were  kept 
busily  engaged  in  preparing  orders.  Written  orders  were  a 
weakness  with  him.  A  question  that  might  have  been  an- 
swered by  a  nod  of  the  head,  was  replied  to  with  ponderous 
verbosity  and  a  bombardment  of  officialisms  over  the  length 
and  breadth  of  a  sheet  of  legal  cap. 

On  his  assumption  of  the  duties  of  superintendent  there 
were  no  changes  in  the  force  from  those  heretofore  reported, 
except  that  a  sub-station  had  been  established  at  22nd  street 
and  Wentworth  avenue,  which  was  placed  in  charge  of  Ser- 
geants Frederick  Ebersold  and  Dennis  Fitzpatrick,  and 
given  a  detail  of  21  men.  The  reformers  continued  to  hold 
meetings,  as  did  also  the  anti-reformers,  and  various  sub- 
committees waited  upon  the  mayor.  The  committee  of  sev- 
enty insisted  that  the  prevalent  epidemic  of  lawlessness  and 
crime  was  caused  mainly  by  drunkenness,  and  advocated  as  a 
partial  remedy,  the  enforcement  of  the  Sunday  closing  law. 
Still  Mr.  Medill  held  out.  claiming  that  '  the  movement  was 
impracticable,  for  the  reason  that  both  sellers  and  purchasers 
would  deem  it  an  arbitrary  and'inconsistent  interference  with 
their  prerogative  on  one  certain  day  out  of  the  seven  in  the 


140  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE, 

week;  that  the  law  was  directed  against  tlie  keepers  alone, 
and  not  against  the  drinkers  as  well,  therefore  being  dis- 
criminative;  and,  further,  because  it  would  require  one  po- 
liceman for  each  drinking  place,  to  see  that  the  law  was 
enforced,  or,  say  three  thousand  altogether,  whereas  the  tax- 
fighters  made  it  hard  to  support  a  force  of  four  hundred  and 
fifty  policemen."  As  the  committee  of  seventy  was  com- 
posed very  largely  of  tax  fighters  and  tax  evaders,  this 
thrust  of  Mr.  Medill  made  a  painful  wound.  The  committee 
came  out  in  print  with  a  reply  in  which  they 
claimed  that  although  the  liquor  interest  was  active  and 
united,  and  exerted  a  controlling  influence  in  politics,  the 
facts  went  to  show  that  whenever  an  honest  effort  had  been 
made  to  enforce  the  Sunday  liquor  law,  it  had  been  success- 
ful. .  Mayor  Medill  was  accused  of  pandering  to  the  whisky 
element  and  of  moral  cowardice. 

Mancel  Talcott,  a  member  of  the  board  of  police,  was 
an  outspoken  advocate  of  the  blue  law  proposition,  and  some 
other  members  of  the  board  committed  themselves  to  it  to 
such  an  extent  that  Mayor  Medill  finally  felt  called  upon 
to  submit  to  the  demands  of  the  reformers,  and  he  therefore 
ordered  the  enforcement  of  section  4,  chapter  25,  of  the  city 
ordinances.  Then  disintegration  set  in.  It  was  a  crushing 
blow  not  only  to  the  republican  party,  but  to  genuine  reform, 
for  the  masses  of  the  people  were  opposed  to  the  measure 
and  determined  to  resist  it.  Not  since  Mayor  Boone's  time 
had  the  fanatical  element  attempted  to  raise  its  head.  The 
same  prejudices  were  beginning  to  make  themselves  felt 
now.  Little  by  little  it  leaked  out  that  the  temperance 
movement  in  Chicago  was  only  another  name  forknow-noth- 
ingism.  It  was  to  be  not  so  much  a  war  upon  intemperance 
as  a  crusade  against  foreigners.  The  decanter  might  be 
passed  around  in  the  haunts  of  the  natives,  but  the 
beer  glass  must  not  leave  its  peg  in  the  beer  hall,  or  circu- 
late under  the  umbrageous  silver-leaf  poplars  of  the  beer 
garden.     The    "Dutch"    l^eer    saloons,   the  Irish    tippling 


THE    SECOND    BEGINNING.  141 

houses,  the  Scandinavian  wliisky  sliops  must  go — particu- 
larly if  they  were  small  places  in  humble  neighborhoods — 
but  the  back  and  side  do>)rs  of  the  fashionable  sample  rooms, 
and  the  bar-rooms  in  the  club  houses  would  be  accessible  to 
those  fortunate  beings  wiio  had  taken  their  first  mouthful  of 
air  in  this  blessed  land  of  freedom.  This  is  the  way  the 
'•foreigners"  then  residing  in  Chicago  looked  at  it,  and 
they  made  common  cause  against  the  invasion  of  what  they 
were  pleased  to  call  their  rights. 

A  committee  of  Germans  waited  upon  Mayor  Medill  and, 
it  appears,  went  away  satisfied  that  he  did  not  sympathize 
with  the  movement,  although  he  had  been  forced  into  it. 
Henry  Greenebaum  belonged  to  a  citizen's  committee  of 
twenty-five,  also  bent  upon  strengthening  the  moral  fabric, 
but  when  he  learned  that  the  committee  favored  the  enforce- 
ment of  the  Sunday  law,  he  resigned  the  chairmanshij)  and 
withdrew  his  membership  indignantly.  Mancel  Talcott,  who 
had  been  one  of  the  leading  advocates  of  the  blue  law,  re- 
sio^ned  from  the  board,  l)ecause  his  seat  was  becominij  un- 
comfortable,  and  his  place  was  filled  by  the  appointment  of  C 
A.  Reno,  who  was  made  president.  The  other  members 
now  were  Sheridan  and  Klokke.  The  police,  officers  and 
men,  were  discontented  with  Washburn's  method,  and  the 
latter  came  into  conflict  with  the  commissioners.  Charges  of 
neglect  of  duty  were  preferred  against  him  by  the  secretary 
of  the  board.  The  mayor  was  true  to  his  friend  Washburn, 
sustained  him  and  removed  Reno  and  Klokke  from  the 
board,  removals  which  the  board  refused  to  recognize,  on 
the  ground  that  its  members  were  appointed  under  com- 
missions from  the  governor,  and  instructed  Secretary  Ward 
to  recognize  no  other  authority  in  the  management  of  police 
afPairs  than  that  of  the  board.  The  mayor  ap[)ointed  to 
fill  the  places  of  Reno  and  Klokke,  which  he  had  declared 
vacant,  Messrs.  Carlisle  Mason  and  L.  P.  Wrisfht,  and  the 
council  confirmed  them.  Thereupon  Mark  Sheridan  an- 
nounced   that    his  duty  to    the    public  would   compel   him 


142  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

to  act  with  the  new  appointees.  Commissioner  Sheridan 
made  an  explanation  of  his  cliange  of  front.  The  mayor 
and  comptroller,  he  said,  having  refused  to  adjust  claims  of 
persons  who  had  furnished  supplies  to  the  department,  there 
was  no  doubt  in  his  mind  that  they  would  recognize  Messrs. 
Mason  and  Wright,  and  wiiile  he  felt  that  the  claims  of 
Reno  and  Klokke  Avere  legal,  he  was  constrained  to  act  with 
their  successors — -under  protest,  however — in  order  to  ad- 
vance the  interests  of  the  city  and  maintain  the  interests 
of  the  police  and  fire  departments.  He  was  satisfied  that 
the  power  claimed  by  the  mayor  under  and  by  virtue  of 
the  act  known  as  the  "  Mayor's  Bill,"  was  contrary  to  the 
spirit  of  our  republican  institutions,  and  that,  even  if  the 
power  did  exist,  the  arbitrary  exercise  of  it  would  not  be 
justified  or  sustained  by  the  courts.  The  board  as  newly 
constituted  on  February  26,  1873,  dismissed  the  charges 
against  Superintendent  Washburn,  and  on  April  7  the 
board  sustained  the  mayor  in  the  dismissal  from  the  force 
of  Sergeants  Relim,  Bishoff,  Douglass  and  Macauley,  they 
having  obeyed  the  orders  of  the  board  and  Acting  Super- 
intendent Dr.   AVard. 

The  pathway  being  made  comparatively  clear  of  obstacles 
now.  Superintendent  Washburn,  on  April  28,  issued  an  order 
that  the  Sunday  closing  ordinance  be  enforced.  Mark  Sher- 
idan antagonized  this  order  with  all  his  vigor,  and  entered 
a  protest  against  it  in  the  records  of  t)ie  board,  in  which 
he  quoted  from  the  Constitution  the  provision  :  "  The  right 
of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  homes,  papers 
and  effects  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures, 
shall  not  be  violated."  Commissioners  Wright  and  Mason 
entered  a  resolution  on  the  records  denouncing  Sheridan's 
protest  as  incendiary  in  character  and  as  "tending  to  in- 
cite the  police  force  to  disobey  the  orders  of  the  board." 
From  this  time  on  there  was  a  constant  friction  in  the 
board  ;  protests  and  counter-protests,  conflicts  of  author- 
ity, strong  language,  personal  altercations  and  almost  vio- 


THE    SECOND    BEGINNING.  143 

lence.  Sheridan  and  Washburn,  at  one  stage  of  the  })ro- 
ceediugs,  were  within  an  inch  of  coming  to  blows. '  On  July 
12,  Captain  M.  C.  Hickey  resigned  ;  on  July  29,  Commis- 
sioner Mason  resigned,  and  Heuben  Cleveland  was  ap- 
jiointed  in  his  stead.  During  the  remaining  months  of 
the  Medill  administration  the  bitterness  continued  inside 
and  outside  of  the  board  room;  meetings  were  held 
almost  nightly,  which  denounced  the  policy  pursued  by  the 
mayor  and  his  superintendent  ;  the  foreign-born  popula- 
tion was  thoroughly  aroused  and  united,  the  democracy 
catered  to  its  wishes  and  demands  ;  demagogues  rose  up 
and  took  the  lead,  and  then  came  that  most  remarkable  of 
all  the  political  combinations  that  Chicago  has  ever  given 
birth  to — the  People's  party. 

The  times  had  changed,  money  was  becoming  scarcer 
and  scarcer  every  day;  people  of  usually  strong  resources 
were  becoming  pinched;  capitalists  were  growing  timid;  im- 
provements were  either  suspended  or  inclined  to  languish ; 
mechanics  and  laborers  were  thrown  out  of  work ;  the  poor 
were  already  beginning  to  feel  the  want  of  necessities,  hun- 
dreds were  driven  to  crime  by  poverty  alone — the  reaction 
had  come  at  last ;  the  golden  shower  that  followed  the  de- 
vouring flames  had  ceased — the  great  financial  panic  was  on 
the  threshold,  ready  to  step  in  at  a  moment's  notice  and 
crush  the  life  out  of  enterprise  and  industry. 

But  the  great  majority  of  Chicago  people  were  shutting 
their  eyes  to  the  impending  evil.  Politics  absorbed  all  their 
thoughts.  The  People's  party,  on  the  one  side,  clamoring 
for  more  freedom,  the  Law  and  Order  party  on  the  other 
side  shoiiting  for  less  license,  drowned  for  the  time  being  the 
premonitory  rumblings  of  the  financial  earthquake  that  was 
soon  to  make  the  earth  tremble  beneath  their  feet. 

The  Germans  had  gone  over  to  the  democracy ;  the  Irish 
were  united  with  the  Germans;  all  foreign-born  citizens 
were  bound  together  by  a  common  tie — that  of  mutual  pro- 
tection.    The    democracy  encouraged  the  strange  alliances 


14-4  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

formed,  and  did  everything  possible  to  widen  the  breach  be- 
tween the  "better  classes"  and  the  "foreigners."  Meet- 
ings— great,  suffocating,  mass  meetings — were  held  in  every 
Svard,  every  precinct,  and  the  Medill  administration  was 
everywhere — by  the  People's  party — denounced,  lampooned, 
ridiculed,  excoriated.  True,  Mr.  Medill  had  been  led,  as 
before  remarked,  into  tlie  fanatical  noose  against  his  better 
judgmeiit,  and  he  had  never  in  reality  endorsed  the  Sunday 
closing  movement  as  a  Avise  piece  of  policy.  He  knew  that 
it  was  a  piece  of  folly,  and  that  it  would  be  succeeded  by 
greater  follies  still  by  the  opposition.  The  city  had  passed 
through  a  similar  episode  once  before,  and  it  suffered  the 
worst  consequences.  No  reasonable  person  could  doubt  but 
that  to  insist  upon  the  enforcement  of  a  law  which  was  bit- 
terly opposed  by  every  foreign-born  citizen,  and  an  enforce- 
ment which  would  inevitably  result  in  the  unification  of  the 
foreign  vote,  was  simply  idiotic.  But  the  editor-mayor  had 
taken  sides  in  the  contest  and  he  couldn't  stultify  himself. 
He  did  the  next  best  thing — turned  the  conduct  of  affairs 
over  to  an  acting  mayor,  and  took  a  trip  to  Europe,  thor- 
oughly disgusted  with  his  experience  as  a  local  politician. 

One  of  the  largest  and  most  demonstrative  of  the  Ger- 
man indignation  meetings,  held  during  the  municipal  cam- 
paign, laid  down  as  planks  in  the  platform  on  which  they 
proposed  to  stand,  the  principles  that  the  temperance  and 
Sunday  laws  were  obnoxious  to  a  large  and  respectable 
portion  of  the  people ;  that  the  civil  service  of  the  general, 
state  and  local  governments  had  become  a  mere  instrument 
of  partisan  tyranny  and  personal  ambition ;  that  the  arrest 
of  any  person,  whose  offense  was  only  punishable  by  a  fine, 
instead  of  procedure  by  mere  process  or  summons,  was  an 
outrage ;  that  the  police  power  of  the  state,  county  or  city 
should  not  be  wielded  in  the  interest  of  factions  of  society ; 
that  intemperance  in  all  things  should  be  discouraged;  that 
inspectors  should  be  appointed  to  detect  impurities  in  bever- 
ages sold ;  that  the  granting  of  liquor  licenses  to  persons  of 


JOSEPH    KIPLEY, 
Lieut.  Conidg.    Thirty-fifth  St.  District. 


THE   SECOND    BEGINNING.  145 

bad  repute  be  prohibited;  that  a  person  should  be  held 
responsible  only  for  his  owu  wrong-doiug,  aud  for  this 
reason,  not  landlords  but  saloon-keepers  be  held  accountable 
for  liquor  sold  on  premises;  and  not  saloon-keepers  but 
di'unkards  responsible  for  the  habits  of  drunkenness. 
Among  those  who  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  advocacy  of 
these  principles,  and  indeed  who  took  a  prominent  part  in 
all  that  concerned  the  interests  of  the  People's  party,  were 
the  following  German  and  Irish- American  citizens:  Coiirad 
Niehoff,  Kichard  Michaelis,  A.  0.  Hesing,  Carl  Bluhm, 
Peter  Hand,  L.  Schwuchow,  Francis  A.  Hoffman,  Jr.,  Frank 
Schweinfurth,  William  Floto,  C.  Tegtmeyer,  Dr.  Malther, 
Max  Eberhardt,  Emil  Muhlke,  R,  Thieme,  J.  Schiellinger, 
G.  R.  Korn,  William  Schwartz,  B.  Eisendrath,  Carl  Daliin- 
ten,  Phillip  Stein,  H.  Schanellin,  W.  SchaefPer,  E.  Frieberg 
K  Christenseu,  J.  C.  Meyer,  A.  Erie,  F.  Sengl,  J.  H.  Mc- 
Avoy,  Barney  G.  Caulfield,  W.  J.  Ouahan,  George  Von 
Hollan,  Jacob  Rehm,  Michael  Evans,  P.  M.  Cleary,  John 
Corcoran,  Thomas  Brenuan,  Michael  Keeley,  Justice  Boy- 
den,  Herman  Leib,  Peter  Hunt,  Edward  O'Neill,  Arno  Voss, 
R,  Kenny,  John  Bonfield,  Edward  Phillips  and  Adolph 
Schoeninger. 

The  convention  of  the  People's  party  made  the  follow- 
ing nominations,  and  they  were  endorsed  by  the  "  Liberal 
and  Democratic  Central  and  Executive  Committee  of  Cook 
County:"  For  mayor,  H.  D.  Colvin;  for  city  treasurer,  Dan. 
O'Hara;  for  city  collector,  George  Von  Hollan;  for  city  as- 
sessor, Charles  Dennehy ;  for  judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  S. 
M.  Moore;  for  judge  of  the  County  Court,  M.  R.  M.  Wallace; 
for  county  clerk,  Hermann  Lieb ;  for  clerk  of  the  Criminal 
Court,  Austin  J.  Doyle ;  for  county  treasurer,  H,  B.  Miller ; 
for  county  superintendent  of  schools,  George  D.  Plant ;  for 
county  commissioners.  Christian  Busse,  John  Herting,  Will- 
iam P.  Burdick,  Thomas  Louergan,  A.  B.  Johnson,  aud  for 
police  commissioner,  C.  A.  Reno;  city  attorney,  Egbert 
Jamieson;  clerk  of  police  court,  Martin  Scully. 

u 


146  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

The  Law  and  Order  party  nominated  the  following:  For 
mayor,  L.  L.  Bond;  for  city  treasurer,  David  A.  Gage;  for 
city  collector,  A.  L,  Morrison;  for  city  assessor,   W.  B.  H. 
Gray ;  for  city  attorney,  I.  N.  Stiles ;  for  police   court  clerk, 
K.  E.  Matson;  for  judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  Joseph  P. 
Clarkson;  for  judge  of  the  County  Court,  M.  R.  M.  Wallace; 
for  county  clerk,  J.  W.  Brockway ;  for  clerk  of  the  Criminal 
Court,  W.  K.  Sullivan ;  for  county  treasurer,  Phillip  Wads- 
worth;   for  county  superintendent  of  schools,  A.   G.  Lane; 
for  county  commissioners,  A.  J.  Galloway,  S.  Olin,  William 
M.  Laughlin,  W.  B.  Bateham,  S.  W.   Kingsley;  for  police 
commissioner,  Eeubeu  Cleveland.     This  ticket  received  the 
endoi-sement  of  the  "  Committee  of  Seventy."     Of  the  nomi- 
nees, David  A,  Gage  on  the    Law   and  Order  ticket,   and 
George  Von  HoUan  on  the  People's  ticket,  turned  out  sub- 
sequently to  be  defaulters.     Every  candidate  on  the  People's 
ticket  was  elected,   the  majorities  ranging  from  10,000  to 
13,000.     The  vote  for  mayor  stood:  Colvin,  28,791,  Bond, 
18,540.     The  general  impression  prevailed  that  the  "Com- 
mittee of  Seventy"  had  by  its  endorsement  ruined  whatever 
small  chances  of  success  the  "Law  and  Order"  ticket  had  at 
the  start.      "The  committee  of  seventy,"  said  the    Tribune 
after  the  fight,  "  some  three  months  since,  smelt  the  battle 
afar  off,  and  came  out  of  its  winter  quarters.     It  proceeded  to 
organize  the  recent  campaign,  in  which  it  met  with  a  crushing 
reverse.     Hereafter  it  will  be  remembered  in  the  history  of 
local  politics  for  good  intentions,  for  miserable  inefficiency 
as  a  political  organization,  and  for  its  failure  to  execute  the 
designs  for  which  it  was  organized." — Severe  language  com- 
ing from  a  paper  that  had  given  a  warm  support  to  the  de- 
feated ticket.     Several  attempts,   rather  weak-kneed,    were 
afterward  made  to  restore  the  Sunday  law  movement  to  life ' 
but  the  city  council  granted  the  right  of  traffic  in  liquor  on 
Sunday,  and  Mayor  Colvin  endorsed  this  action. 

In  his  inaugural  address  to  the  city  council.  Mayor  Col- 
vin made  the  following  remarks  in  relation  to  the  police  force: 


THE    SECOND    BEGINNING.  147 

Our  jiolico  system  should  be  conduoteil  upon  the  priuciple  of  the  pre- 
vention rather  than  the  punishment  of  crime.  Nor  should  the  city  seek 
to  obtain  revenue  by  any  of  the  prevalent  forms  of  vice.  When  it  does, 
it  becomes  particeps  criminis  in  the  iniquity  it  professes  to  punish  or 
suppress.  My  nature  revolts  against  this  barbarous  and  brutal  practice, 
not  pursued  for  the  purpose  of  extirpating  vice,  but  with  the  object  of 
adding  a  few  paltry  dollars  to  the  public  revenue.  It  shall  never  receive 
my  sanction.  All  that  can  usefully  be  accomplished  in  this  direction  is 
the  mitigation  of  the  more  glaring  or  demoralizing  effects  of  that  which 
in  all  ages  and  among  all  races  has  existed  as  an  evil  that  may  be  miti- 
gated or  i)erhaps  regulated,  but  which  has  never  yet  been  exterminated. 
Police  officers  should  be  made  to  understand  and  feel  that  laws  are 
enacted  as  much  to  protect  the  ixnfortunate  as  to  punish  the  wicked.  In 
no  case  should  a  person  be  inhumanly  treated,  simply  because  he  has 
been  arrested  for  some  petty  offense  or  misdemeanor.  I  am  decidedly 
opposed  to  the  practice  of  police  officers  receiving  money  in  the  shape  of 
Towards  for  services  rendered  from  any  corporation  or  individual.  Let 
-\em.  look  to  the  city  alone  for  remuneration. 

Of  course  Mr.  Washburn  could  not  remain  under  an  ad- 
ministration which  had  been  elected  partly  as  a  rebuke  to 
the  methods  which  he  had  pursued,  and  Jacob  Rehm  was 
appointed  superintendent  almost  as  soon  as  Mayor  Colvin 
was  sworn  in.  E.  F.  0.  Klokke  was  appointed  to  the  police 
board.  M.  C.  Hickey  had  re-entered  the  force  in  the  mean- 
time, and  was  again  promoted  to  a  captaincy,  vice  Louis  J. 
Lull. 

In  the  winter  of  1872,  the  poverty  of  the  people  made 
itself  felt  in  a  miniature  riot  on  La  Salle  street,  near  the  rooms' 
of  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society.  The  charge  was  made  that  the 
society  had  gobbled  up  a  great  part  of  the  many  contribu- 
tions for  the  relief  of  the  fire  sufferers,  and  was  distributing 
it  among  its  members.  The  riot  broke  out  suddenly,  and 
soon  the  streets  surrounding  were  blocked.  Joseph  Dixon, 
who  happened  to  be  at  headquarters  at  the  time,  was  de- 
tailed to  lead  a  company  of  policemen  against  the  rioters, 
which  he  did  with  a  skill  that  won  him  great  praise  and  later 
on  promotion.  He  charged  upon  the  mob,  drove  a  large  num- 
ber of  the  rioters  through  the  tunnel,  scattered  others  east 
and  west  on  Randolph  and  Lake  streets,  and  kept  the  great 
body  of  them    at    bay   until   Captain  M.  C.  Hickey  arrived 


148  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

with  reinforcements  from  the  Armory,  when  quiet  was  soon 
restored.  This  uprising  was  not  of  long  duration,  but  it  is 
remembered  by  okl  residents  as  the  "  bread  riot." 

The  expenses  of  conducting  the  department  of  police  for 
the  year  ending  March  31,  1874,  were  3053,258.65,  and  tlie 
amount  asked  for  the  following  year  was  $718,468.29.  This 
increase  in  the  estimate  was  said  to  be  due  to  the  fact  that 
an  increase  in  the  force  had  become  absolutely  necessary. 
The  board  of  police  submitted  the  following  figures  in  sup- 
port of  their  demand: 

Number  of  men  on  duty,  at  one  time 2J4 

Average  number  of  acres  lo  each  beat 931,2 

Average  number  of  miles  to  each  beat 14.i^ 

In  his  report  for  the  three  months  ending  March  31, 
1874,  Superintendent  Rehm  said: 

Before  entering  into  or  giving  the  details  oi  the  working  force  for 
the  said  year,  I  beg  permission  to  state  that  since  my  assuming  the  {jo- 
sition  of  general  superintendent  of  police  in  Djoember  last,  the  members 
of  the  department  have,  with  very  rare  exceptions  exhibited  an  evident 
determination  to  faithfully  jjerform  their  respective  duties,  the  result  of 
which  is  that  we  can  to-day  point  with  pride  to  the  fact  that  less  crime 
has  been  committed,  less  arrests  effected  for  violation  of  city  ordinances, 
and  a  much  better  showing  of  stolen  property  recovered  during  the  last 
three  mouths  than  for  any  other  three  months  of  the  year,  and  this  not- 
withstanding the  fact  that  many  of  our  citizeus,on  the  approach  of  winter, 
were  apprehensive  of  a  season  of  crime  and  depredations  on  account  of 
the  unusual  number  of  people  out  of  employment. 

It  had  been  one  of  the  hardest  winters  in  the  history  of 
Chicago — the  winter  after  the  panic — and  the  streets  were 
constantly  thronged  with  idlers.  But  the  hard  times  had  not 
yet  seriously  affected  the  morals  of  the  people,  and  although 
poor  and  suffering  the  workingmen  of  the  city  abstained 
from  crime.  It  required  nearly  two  years  of  pinching  pov- 
erty to  drive  some  of  them  to  the  road,  where  tliey  degener- 
ated into  common  tramps,  some  to  criminal  practices  in  the 
city,  and  others  still  to  the  excesses  which  culminated  in  the 
riots  of  1866^ and  1867. 

The  police  force  in  March,  1874,  consisted  of  a  general 
superintendent,  3  captains,  17  sergeants  and  525  patrolmen. 


THE     SECOND    BEGINNING.  l-t'J 

divided  up  as  follows:  Harrison  street  station,  111;  Twon- 
ty-second  street  station,  48 ;  Cottage  Grove  avenue  station, 
30;  South  Branch  station,  27;  Union  street  station,  80; 
West  Twelfth  street  station,  50;  West  Lake  street  station, 
30 ;  West  Chicago  avenue  station,  29 ;  East  Chicago  avenue 
station,  51 ;  North  Branch  station,  12 ;  Webster  avenue  sta- 
tion, 14;  Larrabee  street  station,  19.  The  superintendent 
recommended  that  several  of  the  stations  be  enlarged;  that 
the  number  of  sergeants  be  increased  to  20,  and  that  85  pa- 
trolmen be  added. 

For  the  year  ending  March  31,  1875,  the  board  of  po- 
lice commissioners  reported  that  the  expenditures  for  the 
year  had  been  $722,876.92,  and  asked  for  $823,180.00,  to 
meet  the  expenses  of  the  next  twelve  mouths.  This  increase 
in  the  amount  asked  for  was  due  to  the  fact  that  the  board 
proposed  to  add  150  new  men  to  the  force.  In  some  respects 
the  year  had  proved  to  be  an  exceptionally  quiet  one  for  the 
police,  the  value  of  goods  stolen  being  only  $182,590.00, 
as  against  $347,598.00  during  the  previous  year;  a  little 
more  than  one-half.  But  in  other  respects  the  policemen  ap- 
pear to  have  suffered  some  hardships,  as  the  following  table 
will  show.      During  the  year  the  policemen 

Shot  by  burglars,  numbered 3 

Shot  by  thieves,  " 2 

Dangerously  beaten  while  making  arrests 4 

Cut  with  a  hatchet  by  prisoner 1 

Stabbed  by  ijnsoner 1 

Foot  broken  at  fire 1_ 

The  re[)ort  says,  "There  were  many  others  who  received 
injuries  of  a  less  dangerous  character,  and  from  the  effects 
of  Avhicli  the  policemen  were  laid  up  for  several  days,"  and 
these  significant  words  are  added,  "We  think  it  worthy  of 
note  that  while  the  aggregate  number  of  arrests  is  more 
than  three  thousand  less  than  for  the  year  immediately  pre- 
ceding, the  arrests  for  grave  crimes,  as  burglary,  larceny, 
etc.,  largely  exceeds  the  number  for  that  year." 

The  city  council  only  provided  for  forty  of  the  eighty- 


100  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

live  policemen  asked  for  by  the  superintendent  during  the 
year,  and  ho  joins  with  the  board  now  in  asking  that  an  in- 
crease of  150  be  made.  In  concluding  his  report  he  asks 
that  the  salaries  of  the  twelve  patrolmen,  detailed  as  rounds- 
men, be  lixed  at  $1,200  per  annum.  This  is  the  last  reportwe 
have  from  Superintendent  Eelim.  Shortly  after  writing  it 
he  was  superseded  by  M.  C.  Hickey,  who  assumed  command 
of  the  force  as  general  superintendent.  The  board  of  po- 
lice commissioners  was  legislated  out  of  existence  at  the 
same  time,  but  its  functions  were  in  a  great  measure  pre- 
served and  exercised  in  the  person  of  the  city  marshal,  that 
office  having  been  revived  for  some  unfathomable  reason. 
The  duties  of  the  city  marshal  were  to  most  people  a  mys- 
tery at  the  time,  and  even  now,  looking  over  the  records 
left  us  by  R.  E.  Goodell,  it  is  almost  impossible  to  deter- 
mine what  the  object  was  in  establishing  such  an  office.  He 
received  a  salary  of  $4,000  per  anniim,  and  he  had  a  secre- 
tary who  received  $2,500,  and  three  clerks  who  received 
$1,200  each.  He  was  not  a  police  officer,  neither  were  his 
secretary  and  clerks,  and  yet  all  combined  they  exercised  a 
little  more  authority  than  the  heads  of  the  police  department. 
The  truth  is,  the  police  establishment  was  gradually  ap- 
proaching the  system  which  we  have  settled  down  to  now, 
but  it  made  very  awkward  strides  toward  it  in  1875,  and 
sometimes  it  looked  as  though  it  was  going  backward.  In 
the  year  1887  the  inspector  of  police  practically  performs 
all  -the  duties  that  in  other  days  fell  to  the  lot  of  police 
boards,  marshals  and  deputy  superintendents,  except  that  he 
does  not  wield  the  executive  power.  The  superintendent  of 
police  under  the  boards  was  a  mere  instrument  to  be  used 
by  the  majority  of  the  commissioners,  without  personal  in- 
dependence. The  office  was  necessarily  a  political  one,  and 
it  could  never  be  lifted  out  of  politics  as  long  as  it  was  an 
office  within  the  gift  of  partisan  commissioners.  The  boards 
of  police  commissioners  left  us  as  a  relicthe  city  marshal,  and 
when  the  city  marshal  passed  away  the  police  force    began 


THE     SECOND    BEGINNING.  151 

that  period  of  real  and  useful  development  iu  which  it  is  be- 
coming more  perfect  year  after  year. 

During  the  first  nine  months  of  Superintendent  Hickey's 
management  of  the  police  department,  there  were  but  few 
cliauges  worthy  of  note.  The  Colvin  administration  had  be- 
come the  target  for  a  pretty  generous  expenditure  of  abuse, 
and  the  occupant  of  the  mayor's  chair  was  receiving  in  solid 
chunks  some  very  fair  samples  of  the  public  opinion  which  had 
been  hurled  at  his  predecessor.  But  the  city  was  quiet ;  the 
times  were  hard,  dull,  uneventful.  There  was  more  or  less 
crime  of  a  desperate  nature  recorded  daily;  garrotings, 
highway  robberies,  sand-baggings  were  becoming  a  little 
too  frequent  to  h&  novel  or  interesting,  but  still  the  police- 
men held  the  vicious  pretty  well  in  check,  and  the  turbulent 
element  had  not  yet  dared  to  measure  its  strength  with  the 
constituted  authorities. 

There  were  now  four  police  precincts,  the  West  Chicago 
avenue  station  having  been  constituted  one.  Captain  Wil- 
liam Buckley  had  command  of  the  first  precinct ;  Captain 
Samuel  A.  Ellis,  the  second ;  Captain  Jonas  M.  Johnson,  the 
third,  and  Captain  Fred.  Gund,  the  fourth.  Joseph  H. 
Dixon  was  deputy  superintendent.  The  force  numbered, 
exclusive  of  four  captains  and  twenty  sergeants,  565  men, 
and  Superintendent  Hickey,  like  his  predecessor,  demanded  a 
considerable  increase,  but  instead  of  granting  this  request 
the  city  council,  on  July  26,  1876,  passed  an  ordinance  de- 
manding a  reduction  of  25  per  cent,  of  the  expenses  of  the  de- 
partment, a  reduction  that  made  it  necessary  for  the  superin- 
tendent to  dispense  with  75  patrolmen,  from  an  already  insuf- 
ficient force.  The  force  toward  the  end  of  1876  included  a 
general  superintendent,  one  deputy-superintendent,  four 
captains,  nineteen  sergeants  and  five  hundred  and  ninety- 
two  patrolmen. 

Serious  troubles  occurred  among  the  Bohemian  lumber 
[•hovers  during  the  summer,  but  the  police  finally  smothered 
what  for  a  few  days  promised   to  become   a   dangerous  riotw 


152  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

Tlie  country  swarmed  with  tramps  ;  the  lumber  yards,  vacant 
buildings,  sheds,  railroad  depots,  and  all  public  places 
were  thronged  with  idlers ;  the  disputed  result  ol:  the  national 
election  contributed  toward  prolonging  the  hard  times; 
crime  of  all  kinds  was  on  the  increase;  it  was  dangerous  to 
venture  out  after  dark;  people  were  sandbagged,  garrotted 
or  "held  up"  on  some  of  the  leading  streets,  a  terrible  win- 
ter for  the  poor  had  set  in,  a  gloomy  spring  had  followed ; 
and  when  the  first  faint  murmurs  of  the  mob-uprising  along 
the  line  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  railroad  were  heard,  a  re- 
sponsive chord  was  struck  here,  and  the  Chicago  mob  was 
only  too  eager  to  repeat  the  performance  that  had  enveloped 
Pittsburg  in  flames,  and  caused  ruin  and  bloodshed  across 
half  the  continent.     The  riot  of  '77  was  on. 


THE    KIOT    OF    '77.  153 


CHAPTER   IX. 

THE  YEAR  1877-OUTBREAK  OF  THE  GREAT  RAILROAD  STRIKE  IN  THE 
EAST— THE  CONDITION  OF  AFFAIRS  IN  CHICAGO  AT  THE  TIME- 
HARD  TIMES  FOR  MECHANICS  AND  LABORERS— WAS  THE  FIRE  A 
BLESSING  OR  A  CURSE?-THE  DECLINE  OF  WAGES  AND  DEGEN- 
ERACY OF  THE  WORKING  CLASSES— WHY  THE  CITY  WAS  RIPE  FOR 
A  RIOT— THE  OUTBREAK  IN  CHICAGO— MISTAKES  OF  THE  AU- 
THORITIES—BREAKING UP  MASS  MEETINGS— THE  RANDOLPH  STREET 
AFFAIR— TROUBLE  AT  McCORMICK'S-LIEUT.  CALLAHAN'S  GALLANT 
CONDUCT    AT    THE    ROUND     HOUSE. 

Early  in  the  month  of  July,  1877,  telegrams  were 
printed  in  the  Chicago  papers  announcing  that  small  bodies 
of  employes,  here  and  there,  along  the  line  of  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  railroad  were  quitting  work.  These  dispatches 
were  quite  brief,  and  simply  announced  that  there  was 
a  difference  between  the  men  and  the  company  as  to 
the  question  of  wages,  and  for  the  most  part  were 
hidden  away  under  single  headlines,  at  the  bottom  of 
inside  columns.  There  was  something,  however,  about 
these  telegrams  which  struck  the  telegraph  editors  of  the 
different  papers  as  being  peculiar,  to  say  the  least.  From  a 
three  or  four  line  announcement  at  the  start,  they  gained  in 
length  daily,  until  at  the  end  of  a  weektAventy  lines  were  con- 
sumed. But  the  most  peculiar  feature  about  them  was  that 
they  came  over  the  wires,  with  as  great  a  degree  of  regular- 
ity as  the  Wall  street  stock  report.  Evidently  the  associated 
press  correspondent  was  a  persistent  fellow,  for,  although 
he  didn't  have  very  much  to  say,  he  said  something  every 
day,  and  generally  something  just  a  trifle  fresher  than  he 
said  the  day  before.     The  burden  of  these    dispatches   was 


154:  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

that  the  employes  of  the  company  were  discontented  with 
their  lot,  that  many  were  throwing  up  their  jobs  and  that 
the  trouble  was  inclined  to  spread  rather  than  to  subside  as 
the  days  slipped  by. 

But  little  attention  was  paid  to  the  news  here.  If  it 
was  read  at  all,  it  was  looked  upon  simply  as  a  trivial  mat- 
ter, unworthy  of  more  consideration  than  is  usually  given  to 
the  vast  number  of  unimportant  telegrams  which  are  printed 
daily  in  the  newspapers.  But  the  "B.  &  O.  trouble," 
as  it  came  to  be  called,  would  persist  in  parading  itself  be- 
fore the  public.  The  three-line  telegram  expanded  into  a 
twenty-five  line  dispatch,  grew  until  it  occupied  a  quarter  of 
a  column,  and  then  until  it  attained  the  dignity  of  a  dis- 
played head.  More  than  that,  it  was  accompanied  now  by 
telegrams  from  different  points,  and  shortly  by  tele- 
grams from  all  points  in  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  system. 
Then  came  the  more  startling  information  that  the  ''B.  &  O. 
trouble"  had  spread  to  the  Pennsylvania  and  other  lines, 
and  now  the  public  began  to  take  a  livelier  interest  in  the 
situation.  Almost  as  quick  as  a  flash  this  news  was  followed 
by  the  information  (on  Thursday,  July  19,  1877),  that  a  gi- 
gantic railroad  strike,  involving  the  employes  of  all  the 
great  trans-continental  and  tributary  companies,  was  on,  and 
that  serious  riots  had  occurred  already  at  many  points  in 
Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia.  On  Saturday  informa- 
tion of  a  still  more  alarming  nature  came  over  the  wires. 
There  was  a  general  uprising  of  the  working  classes  in  the 
Keystone  state.  On  Sunday  morning  the  people  of  Chicago 
were  horrified  by  the  news  that  Pittsburg  was  in  the  hands 
of  a  mob ;  that  the  property  of  the  railroad  companies  was 
in  flames ;  that  blood  had  been  spilled  freely  on  the  streets ; 
that  a  reign  of  terror  prevailed  in  all  the  large  cities  of 
Pennsylvania,  West  Virginia  and  Ohio,  and  that  the  spirit 
of  riot,  like  some  spectral  courier  of  a  dreadful  epidemic, 
was  advancing  westwardly,  and  conquering  as  it  came. 

That  Sunday  morning,  noon  and  night,    will    always  be 


"Every  Anarchist  IIolo  was  Entered  and  the  Assassins  in  yonio  Instances  were  Dragged  from 

Their  Bods." 


THE  inoT  or  "77.  15.j' 

remenibin-ed  by  the  people  Avho  then  resided  in  Chicago  as  the 
most  remarkable,  perhaps,  in  tlie  history  of  the  city. 

The  morning  papers  had  presented  the  news  from  Pitts- 
burg n[)  to  5  a.  m.,  when  rioting  was  still  in  progress  at 
Pittsburg.  By  8  a.  m.  the  streets  presented  a  week-day  ap- 
pearance ;  by  y  a.  m.  they  were  crowded ;  by  noon  tliey  were 
thronged,  and  with  one  accord  the  people  flocked  toward  the 
newspaper  offices  where  bulletins  began  to  make  their  ap- 
pearance. 

Let  us  sto})  right  here  and  take  a  hasty  glance  at  the 
condition  of  Chicago.  In  the  preceding  chapter  an  effort 
has  been  made  to  exJiibit  clearly  the  tendency  of  the  times 
in  this  very  direction.  From  the  close  of  the  war  there  had 
been  a  slow  but  steady  decline  in  the  market  price  of  labor; 
a  slow  but  steady  decline  in  the  ability  of  the  working  classes 
to  make  both  ends  meet:  a  slow  but  steady  decline  in  all 
values;  a  constantly  diminishing  confidence  in  the  future. 
Hard  times  were  setting  in  here  when  the  great  fire  occurred. 
The  financial  panic  which  occurred  in  1873  might  have — in 
all  probability  would  have — occurred  in  1872,  had  not  the  ex- 
traordinary demands  created  by  the  rebuilding  of  Chicago, 
and  the  vast  amount  of  money  put  into  circulation  in  conse- 
quence, averted  it — staved  it  ofp.  The  blow  was  all  the  heav- 
ier, for  being  postponed,  when  it  came.  The  great  fire,  even 
though  it  resulted  in  giving  employment  for  a  time  to  thou- 
sands of  men,  who  would  otherwise  have  been  deprived  (vf 
work,  was  not  an  industrial  gain,  l)ut  an  industrial  loss.  Ev- 
ery dollar  lost  in  tlie  fire  was  just  as  much  lost  after  Chicago 
was  rebuilt  as  before.  The  calamity  to  our  city,  in  a  word, 
simply  aggravated  the  industrial  prostration  then  prevailing. 
It  was  pure  nonsense  when  unthinking  individuals  pro- 
nounced the  Chicago  fire  a  blessing  in  disguise.  Nothing 
that  is  lost  can  by  any  method  of  reasoning  be  figured  out 
as  a  gain,  and  the  fruits  of  thirty  years  of  untiring  industry 
was  blasted  by  the  fire  of  October,  1871.  It  would  have 
been    difficult    to    convince    the    stonemasons,    bricklavers, 


156  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

carpenters,  etc.,  avLo  were  (lrawin<^  from  $7.50  to  $10.00 
per  diem,  during  the  six  months  following  the  fire,  that 
within  a  year  they  would  ])e  ghul  to  get  $4.00  or  $5.00  for 
the  same  amount  of  labor,  or,  that  within  three  years  it 
would  be  offered  without  a  {)urchaser,  at  from  $2.00  to  $2.50! 
It  is  difficult  for  anybody  to  realize  what  a  dreary,  drizzling, 
rainy  day  really  is  when  the  sun  is  sinning  brightly,  the  air 
is  dry  and  exhilerating  and  the  burnished  arcli  of  the  blue 
canopy  al^pve  is  cloudless.  That  mechanics  were  drav/ing 
$10.00  and  common  laborers  $5.00  per  diem  was  all  sufficient 
to  convince  the  unthinking  intlividual,  above  referred  to,  that 
tlie  Chicago  fire  was  a  blessing  in  disguise.  How  many 
days  of  enforced  idleness  did  the  destruction  of  property  by 
the  fire,  did  the  cost  of  replacing  it,  did  the  inflated  })rices 
demanded  for  material  and  labor,  cost  the  workingmen  of 
Chicago — the  workingmen  of  the  country  V  It  is  impossible 
to  answer  that  question  correctly,  yet  here  are  some  facts: 

In  the  fall  of  1S72,  before  the  work  of  reconstruction  was 
half  completed,  police  reports  inform  us  that  the  city  swarms 
with  idle  men.  Many  hundreds  who  came  here,  worked  and 
made  good  wages,  remained  wdien  the  demand  for  labor  was 
exceeded  by  the  supply,  and,  so  police  statistics  show,  were 
compelled  to  walk  out  of  town  penniless.  Under  Superin- 
tendent Washburn  the  police  justices  are  kept  busy  in 
'"bagging"  mechanics  who  have  degenerated  into 
yagrants,  and  the  justices  are  giving  them  '"time"  to  leave 
town.  Under  Superintendent  Rehm  the  idlers  increase 
and  many  laborers  and  mechanics,  who  have  heretofore 
leil  honest  lives,  have  descended  to  criminal  practices  in 
order  to  keep  body  and  soul  together.  Tiiere  are  in  all 
24,899  arrests  made  in  1874.  and  tlie  majority  of  them  are 
laborers  and  tradesmen.  In  the  building  trades  alone  we 
have  the  following  exhibit;  only  the  most  important  ]:)eing 
noticed: 

TRADES.  ARRESTED   1884. 

Architects 4 

T31acksmiths 95 


THE  IIIOT  OF  '77.  157 

TRADES.  ARRESTED   1884. 

Brass  liuishers 31 

Brick  makers 5 

Boiler  makers 18 

Carpenters ..- 433 

Coppersmiths 10 

Cabinetmakers 24 

Contractors 26 

Glaziers 24 

Gilders 5 

Gas  fitters 99 

Laborers 4,542 

Masons 307 

Machinists 116 

Marble  cutters 15 

Painters 181 

Plumbers 78 

Plasterers 168 

Stone  cutters 53 

This  year  there  are  8,483  persons  arrested  who  refuse  to 
give  their  occupations,  and  it  is  a  significant  fact  that  most 
of  them  were  persons  of  good  address  and  generally  well 
educated.  During  the  same  year  573  gamblers  were  hauled 
in,  showing  that  it  must  have  been  some  years  later  when 
gambling  was  "entirely  suppressed"  in  this  city.  Passing 
on  to  1876,  we  find  Superintendent  Hickey  talking  as  follows 
to  the  city  council  in  his  annual  report: 

Oar  city  is  centrally  located,  rapidly  increasing  in  population,  and 
the  hundreds  of  railroad  trains  that  daily  arrive  here  very  naturally  bring 
among  their  passengers  a  share  of  that  dangerous  class  of  vagrants 
called  "tramps,"  who  now  infest  the  principal  cities  of  the  country.  Our 
patrolmen  stationed  at  the  railroad  depots  are  watchful,  and  render  good 
service  in  noting  and  checking  these  arrivals,  and  whenever  practicable 
compel  them  to  leave  the  city  on  the  very  next  train.  The  number  of  men 
who  have  no  home  in  the  city,  and  who  have  been  provided  with  lodgings 
in  our  station  houses  during  the  last  year,  is  7,467.  Some  of  them  are 
vagrants  who  travel  from  place  to  place,  not  caring  to  have  a  home,  and 
preferring  always  to  beg  or  steal  rather  than  work.  Some  of  them,  too 
are  of  the  class  who  place  but  little  value  on  human  life.  There  are  also 
among  them  many  who  would  gladly  make  an  honest  living,  but  are  out 
of  employment  by  reason  of  the  general  depression  in  business  which  now 
affects  all  sections  of  the  country.  These  are  entitled  to  more  humane 
treatment,  and  should  be  rendered  facilities  for  bettering  their  condition 
and  preventing  them  from  becoming  criminals. 


158  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

This  year  there  were  3,192  persons  arrested  for  vagrancy, 
and  the  total  number  of  arrests  figured  up  27,291,  the  great 
majority  of  them  being  charged  with  minor  criminal  offenses. 
Again  the  trades  cut  an  important  figure  in  the  police  re- 
ports, and  the  number  of  mechanics  and  laborers  arrested 
is  greatly  in  excess  of  those  reported  for  any  previous  year. 

Reference  has  been  made  to  the  lumber-shovers'  strike 
elsewhere.  Investigation  into  the  cause  of  the  trouble  re- 
vealed the  fact  that  thousands  of  men  employed  in  the  lum- 
ber district  were  receiving  from  seventy-five  cents  to  one 
dollar  per  day  for  their  labor,  and  that  they  were  threatened 
with  a  still  further  reduction.  Nearly  all  had  families.  They 
lived  in  one-room  huts,  built  of  clapboards  hastily  thrown 
together.  Their  families  were  on  the  verge  of  starvation, 
and  the  men  were  driven  to  desperation.  Laboring  men  in 
other  branches  of  trade  were  scarcely  better  paid.  Indeed, 
they  were  glad  to  get  anything,  no  matter  how  small,  for 
their  services,  and  employers  were  not  generous  enough,  as 
a  rule,  to  pay  more  than  the  bottom  prices  for  any  kind  of 
service.  Mechanics,  too,  were  working  for  what  they  could 
get.  A  number  of  strikes  had  occurred  during  the  past 
three  years,  but  they  proved  failures  one  and  all,  and  in  most 
instances  the  men  returned  to  work  at  less  than  they  were 
getting  when  they  struck.  There  were  ten  pairs  of  hands 
ready  and  willing  to  take  the  place  of  every  single  pair  that 
quit  work. 

The  unsettled  state  of  national  affairs,  caused  by  the 
Hayes-Tilden  dispute,  only  served  to  make  matters  worse. 
People  had  looked  forward  to  the  election  of  1876  with  a 
great  deal  of  hope,  expecting  that  it  would  prove  to  be  the 
turning-point  from  depression  to  prosperity.  But  they  were 
disappointed.  Discontent  was  general  among  the  wage 
classes.  Socialism  had  been  planted  here,  and  it  grew  lux- 
uriantly in  the  soil  so  well  prepared  for  it.  There  were 
socialistic  societies  by  the  hundred,  which  held  regular  meet^ 
ings  throughout  the  city,  and  great  mass  meetings  occasion- 


THE    RIOT    OF    '77.  159 

ally  on  Market  street,  the  Haymarket,  or  the  lake  shore. 
The  grievances  of  the  wage-workers  were  palpable  and 
great.  Things  could  not  very  well  look  more  hopeless  for 
them.  The  demagogue  was  in  his  glory,  and  he  demanded 
war  upon  capital,  vengeance  upon  the  "  privileged  classes." 
A  great  unemployed  labor  demonstration  had  paraded  the 
streets.  Thousands  of  poorly  clad,  hungry  looking  men 
were  in  line.  A  banner  with  the  startling  device,  "Bread  or 
Blood,"  was  boldly  carried  through  the  down-town  streets. 
All  this  before  the  news  came  from  Pittsburg.  The  news 
from  Pittsburg  was  all  that  was  necessary  to  precipitate 
trouble  here.  Everybody  knew  that.  The  business  man 
knew  it,  the  ''Prominent  Citizen"  knew  it,  the  mayor  knew 
it.  The  superintendent  of  police  knew  it.  A  few  hours  more 
and  the  outrages  committed  in  Pittsburg  would  be  repeated 
here.  This  everybody  felt  instinctively;  yet  nothing  was 
done  to  prepare  for  the  impending,  the  inevitable,  uprising. 
On  the  forenoon  of  Sunday,  July  22,  the  Daihj  News  is- 
sued an  ^'  extra,"  containing  the  latest  news  from  Pittsburg, 
and  this  was  followed  by  others  at  intervals  varying  from  a 
half  hour  to  an  hour  throughout  the  day  and  late  into  the 
night.  About  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  extra  editions 
were  issued  from  the  Times  and  Tribune  ojBfices,  and  these 
papers  likewise  continued  to  send  out  special  editions  with 
every  arrival  of  fresh  intelligence.  Pittsburg  was  in  the 
hands  of  a  mob;  the  railroad  shops  were  burning;  the  total 
destruction  of  one  whole  section  of  the  city  was  threatened; 
the  state  militia  and  the  mob  had  come  into  collision,  and 
the  militia  had  been  compelled  to  seek  safety  in  flight,  leav- 
ing their  dead,  dying  and  wounded  on  the  streets ;  Philadel- 
phia was  threatened  with  a  similar  experience;  there  was 
rioting  at  Allegheny  City,  at  AVilkesbarre,  at  Harrisburg,  at 
Wheeling;  trouble  was  brewing  at  Cincinnati;  the  excite- 
ment in  St.  Louis  was  at  fever  heat;  the  riot  fever  was 
spreading  in  all  directions,  and  it  looked  as  though  the 
country  was  about  to  be  convulsed  by  an  uprising  bordering 

15 


160  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

closely  upon  an  insurrection.  The  "extras"  contained  editorial 
comments  upon  the  news,  taking  a  very  gloomy  view  of  the 
situation  for  the  most  part,  and  counselling  the  people  of 
Chicago  to  keep  cool,  while  exciting  them  to  a  feverish  pitch 
by  printing  the  news  under  warlike  lieadlines.  Certain  of 
the  papers  that  denounced  the  rioters  in  their  early  editions 
defended  them  toward  evening,  as  the  strength  of  the  up- 
rising became  more  strikingly  manifest.  The  papers  sold 
by  the  hundreds  of  thousands.  The  down-town  streets  were 
jammed  with  excited  people.  As  a  rule  the  bulletins  were 
read  in  silence,  and  the  news  contained  in  the  special  edi- 
tions was  received  in  the  same  manner.  The  silence  was 
oppressive.  Men  looked  alarmed,  but  gave  no  vent  to  their 
feelings.  There  was  a  portentious  seriousness  depicted  upon 
the  faces  of  all.  It  was  not  a  matter  to  joke  about,  to  laugh 
over,  to  sneer  at.  It  made  men  think.  Certainly  the  future 
looked  anything  but  bright. 

That  night  the  communists  and  socialists  held  high  car- 
nival. Numerous  meetings  were  held,  at  all  of  which  reso- 
lutions sympathizing  with  the  Pittsburg  rioters  were  passed. 
Couriers  were  sent  out  from  communist  headquarters  with 
messages  to  the  different  meetings,  and  next  morning  it  was 
announced  that  a  monster  mass  meeting  of  wage  workers 
would  be  held  on  Market,  between  Madison  and  Washington 
streets. 

Tlien  it  was  time  to  act.  The  morning  papers  brought 
later  intelligence  from  the  East,  and  this  only  served  to  fan 
the  excitement  into  a  warmer  glow.  Deputations  of  citizens 
called  upon  the  mayor  and  asked  him  to  take  immediate 
measures  to  prevent  destruction  of  property  and  loss  of  life 
here.  He  promised  to  do  so.  Some  prominent  citizens, 
headed  by  Mr.  Levi  Z.  Leiter,  called  upon  the  editor  of  the 
Dciihj  Xcws,  and  begged  him  to  suspend  the  publication  of 
his  paper  for  the  time  being,  as  the  news  he  was  furnishing 
to  the  public  only  served  to  excite  the  populace.  He  promised 
not  to  suspend  it.     Deputations  waited  upon  the  superintend- 


THE    RIOT    OF   ^77.  lt)l 

ent  of  police  and  asked  him  to  take  instant  precautions  against 
tlie  possibility  of  a  riot.  He  had  already  taken  them.  Depu- 
tations called  upon  the  sheriff,  telegra[)hed  the  governor,  and 
interviewed  Lieut. -Gen.  Sheridan.  Thus  were  deputations 
running  here  and  running  there,  now  and  then,  by  accident, 
doing  a  sensible  thing,  but  generally  helping  to  precipitate 
the  trouble  which  they  were  struggling,  in  an  idiotic  sort  of 
a  way,  to  avoid. 

The  men  who  kept  cool  and  viewed  the  situation  like 
reasonable  beings  advised,  first  of  all,  that  the  meeting  an- 
nounced to  take  place  on  Market  street  be  suppressed,  or, 
rather,  be  prevented  from  gathering.  Mayor  Heath  remem- 
bered that  there  was  something  in  the  constitution  which 
guaranteed  the  right  of  the  people  to  peaceably  assemble 
and  relieve  their  minds,  and  he  thought  it  best  not  to  inter- 
fere. That  settled  it.  The  communists,  socialists,  vagrants, 
loafers,  thugs,  thieves  and  criminals  in  general  were  only 
waiting  for  the  slightest  exhibition  of  weakness  on  the  part 
of  the  authorities;  Mayor  Heath  furnished  it,  and  the  city 
was  at  their  mercy. 

There  were  newspapers  which  backed  the  mayor  in  his 
decision,  which  talked  loudly  of  the  rights  of  workingmen 
to  meet  and  discuss  the  situation,  and  which  held,  in  very 
elegantly  constructed  editorial  leaders,  that  the  right  of  free 
speech  should  never  be  abridged;  there  were  newspapers 
which  did  that  on  Monday,  and  that  talked  in  a  different 
strain  altogether  on  Wednesday,  when  they  saAv  that  a  great 
blunder  had  been  committed.  Neither  the  mayor  nor  the 
superintendent  of  police  appeared  to  realize — they  certainly 
did  not  recognize — the  magnitude  of  the  issue  presented 
then,  nor  for  some  time  afterward. 

The  mass  meeting  on  Monday  night  was  a  monster  affair, 
the  participants  filling  every  inch  of  space  between  the  tun- 
nel and  the  south  side  of  Madison  street.  Cars  were  unable 
to  pass  on  the  latter  thoroughfare  during  the  three  hours 
that   were    consumed  by  the     speakers.      The    communist 


lOl!  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

leaders  were  there  early  and  stayed  late.  Upon  the  different 
stands,  or  rather  wagons,  used  by  the  speakers,  and  scattered, 
throuijh  the  vast  assemblaire  were  missionaries  of  tiie  com- 
munist  societies  propagating  doctrines  of  riot,  incendiarism, 
revolution.  Some  of  them  who  took  part  in  that  meeting 
had  reason  at  a  later  date  to  regret  their  utterances  that 
night ;  others  had  reason  to  feel  ashamed  of  them.  The  wild- 
est harangues  of  the  communist  leaders  were  cheered  to 
the  echo ;  their  most  treasonable  sentiments  applauded ;  their 
most  incendiary  demands  received  with  manifest  approba- 
tion. The  crowd  was  ready  for  anything.  Just  as  occurred 
nine  years  later,  near  the  Haymarket,  the  sneers,  the 
ridicule,  the  contemptuous  remarks  of  the  speakers  were 
turned  in  great  part  toward  "  the  cowardly  police."  Would 
the  police,  the  well-fed,  idling,  lazy  police,  dare  interfere 
with  the  rights  of  honest  workiugmen  ?  No  !  Would  they 
dare  attempt  to  prevent  such  gatherings  as  this  ?  No!  If 
they  did  attempt  to  interfere  with  men  who  were  exercising 
the  right  of  free  speech,  what  then  ?  Why,  my  fellov/  citi- 
zens, they  would  be  swept  away  like  chaff  before  the  wind. 
[Loud  and  continued  cheering]. 

And  so  went  the  meeting  to  the  close.  There  were  offi- 
cers present  in  plain  clothes.  There  were  here  and  there  on 
the  outskirts  of  the  crowd  a  few  policemen  in  uniform.  But 
not  the  slightest  attempt  was  made  to  interfere  with  this 
gathering  of  free  American  citizens  who  were  aching  to 
overturn  the  institutions  of  the  country,  to  crush  out  all  sem- 
blance of  law  and  order,  and  to  trample  society  in  the  dust. 
Superintendent  Hickey's  report  of  this  meeting  was  undoubt- 
edly based  upon  unreliable  information.  "A  mass  meeting  of 
workiugmen,"  he  says,  "  was  held  on  Monday  evening  on 
the  corner  of  Market  and  Madison  streets,  and  about  five 
thousand  persons  were  present.  The  meeting  was  addressed 
by  several  speakers  who  rather  counseled  prudence  and  mod- 
eration than  violence,  and  although  some  speeches  were  made 
by  noted  communists,  and  a  few  at  times  became  somewhat 


THE    RIOT    OF    '77.  xfi3 

boisterous,  the  meetiDg  adjourned  in  <i  (j^uiet  and  orderly 
manner,  about  10  p.  ni.,tlie  croAvds  dispersin<^  off  the  streets^ 
and  all  went  peaceably  to  their  homes."'  The  facts  are  as 
stated  nevertheless.  A  few  speakers — probably  three  or  four 
— had  attempted  to  quiet  the  mob  by  using  moderate  lan- 
guage and  advising  ])eaccable  proceedings  and  lawful  conduct, 
but  they  were  hissed  and  howled  down.  It  became  necessary, 
of  course,  for  the  administration  and  tlie  superintendent  of 
police  to  attach  as  little  importance  as  possible  to  the  meet- 
ing, but  the  truth  is,  and  it  was  so  recognized  at  the  time, 
that  if  a  bold  stand  had  been  taken,  such  a  stand,  for  in- 
stance, as  the  police  took  in  New  York  about  the  same 
time,  when  Murray  scattered  the  mob  in  Tompkins'  square, 
there  would  have  been  no  such  scenes  of  lawlessness  as  fol- 
lowed during  the  remainder  of  the  week. 

Orders  had  been  issued  on  Monday  to  the  different  cap- 
tains of  police,  "to  hold  their  commands  in  readiness  at 
their  respective  precinct  stations  until  further  orders,  and 
to  hold  themselves  in  readiness  to  move  at  the  shortest  pos- 
sible notice." 

Early  on  Tuesday  morning  the  trouble  began.  The  old 
automatic  telegraph  instruments  were  kept  busy  at  head- 
quarters recording  the  movements  of  a  dozen  different  mobs, 
that  were  marching  in  as  many  different  quarters  of  the  city 
and  ufaininu-  in  volume  as  thev  moved.  These  mobs  were 
marching  from  place  to  place,  compelling  workingmen  in 
every  branch  of  trade  to  quit  work  and  help  to  swell  their 
numbers.  There  was  no  resisting  the  demands  of  the  riot- 
ers, and  the  most  peaceably  inclined  and  contented  of  me- 
chanics and  laborers  were  forced  to  drop  their  tools,  don 
their  coats  and  join  the  rabble  brigades.  The  communists 
were  in  their  second  heaven,  the  canaille  was  at  the  very 
BU'nmit  of  its  glory.  Chicago  was  apparently  as  completely 
in  the  hands  of  the  revolutionary  element  as  Paris  ever  had 
been. 

A  mob  which  had  been  small  when  it  started,  but  which 


164  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

was  every  minute  attaining  the  most  formidable  proportions, 
was  marching  north  on  South  Canal  street,  following  the 
tactics  already  indicated.  It  compelled  all  workingmeu 
along  its  route  to  abandon  their  labors.  Whenever  it  came 
to  a  warehouse  or  factory  where  non-union  men  or  "scabs" 
were  employed,  it  assaulted  the  men,  drove  them  from  the 
buildings  and  proceeded  to  wreak  destruction  upon  the  prop- 
erty of  their  employers.  The  employers,  in  many  instances, 
hearing  of  the  advancing  column,  ordered  their  men  to  quit 
work,  closed  up  their  places,  and  trusted  to  Providence  for 
the  rest. 

The  mayor  saw  the  necessity  for  speedy  and  vigorous 
action*  but  somehow  or  other,  he  was  not  prepared  to  take 
it.  When  orders  were  sent  to  Captain  Seavey  at  the  Union 
street  station,  to  intercept  the  mob  on  Canal  street,  and 
compel  them  to  disperse,  the  mayor  stipulated  that  none  of 
the  rioters  should  be  injured,  if  it  could  possibly  be  avoided. 
Lieutenants  Blettner  and  Simmons,  with  twenty-five  men. 
each  were  detailed  to  meet  and  handle  this  mob,  and  if  they 
and  the  men  under  them  had  had  their  way  about  it,  the  riot 
would  have  been  stifled  then  and  there,  but  they  were  under 
orders  to  be  kind  to  the  lawless  ruffians,  and  no  discretionary 
power  whatever  was  left  in  their  hands.  No  further  proof 
of  the  ease  with  which  the  riot  could  have  been  squelched, 
if  taken  in  time  and  handled  with  vigor,  is  necessary  than 
the  fact  that  the  mob,  upon  the  mere  appearance  of  this  lit- 
tle detachment  of  police,  scattered  in  all  directions.  A 
few  arrests  were  made ;  not  even  a  club  was  used ;  the  po- 
lice did  not  seem  to  be  in  earnest;  the  mob  felt,  even 
though  scattered,  that  if  they  had  taken  a  determined  stand 
the  police  would  not  have  molested  them.  This  first  move 
on  the  part  of  the  police  filled  the  rioters  with  encourage- 
ment rather  than  alarm.  The  strongest  possible  evidence 
that  tills  was  the  case  began  to  accumulate  before  the  day 
was  over.  At  about  3  o'clock  that  afternoon,  a  mob  had 
surrounded  a  g-un  store  on  State  street.     Orders  were  sent  to 


THE    ItlOT    OF    '77.  105 

Captain  O'Donnell  to  see  that  this  mob  was  dispersed.  He 
dispatched  a  squad  under  command  of  Lieut.  Bell,  and  the 
street  was  cleared  without  difficulty.  This  demonstration 
and  the  fact  that  the  Pittburg  rioters  had  raided  gun  stores 
and  pawn-brokers'  offices,  in  order  to  obtain  fire  arms,  led  to 
the  issue  of  the  following  : 

TO   ALIi   PAWNBROKEliS. 

As  a  measure  of  precaiitiou  as  well  as  protection  to  yourselves,  in 
the  event  of  a  riot,  I  would  respectfully  request  that  you  remove  all  re- 
volvers, or  other  firearms,  from  yoiir  windows,  to  some  safe  place  where 
they  cannot  be  taken  from  you,  and  let  them  so  remain  until  such  time 
as  all  danger  is  past.  M.  C.  Hickey, 

Gen'l  Supt.  of  Police. 

Not  only  the  pawnbokers,  but  dealers  in  firearms  gener- 
ally, complied  with  this  request  on  the  part  of  the  superin- 
tendent, and  many  of  them  volunteered  to  turn  over  their  sup- 
plies of  firearms  and  ammunition  to  the  "custody  of  the  city 
authorities  for  safe-keeping,  on  condition  that  all  such  prop- 
erty not  returned  to  them  when  the  excitement  subsided 
should  be  paid  for  by  the  city."  There  was  some  patriotism 
in  this  otfer,  but  it  had  the  drawback  of  being  too  strongly 
diluted  with  selfish  business  interests  to  be  entertained  by 
the  superintendent. 

All  through  the  afternoon  reports  of  mob-gatherings 
were  received  from  every  part  of  the  city.  Strikes  were  in 
progress  from  the  lake  to  Western  avenue ;  from  the  North 
Side  rolling  mills  to  the  town  of  Lake.  The  disposition  or 
propensity  to  strike  became  a  mania.  Workingmen  who  had 
no  earthly  cause  to  complain,  who  could  not  call  to  mind  a 
grievance,  threw  down  their  tools,  tore  off  their  "overalls," 
snatched  up  their  coats  and  hats,  shook  their  clenched  fists 
at  their  employers,  and — joined  the  nearest  mob.  The  rail- 
road employes,  the  lumber  shovers,  the  saw  and  planing  miU 
men,  the  iron-workers,  the  brass  finishers,  tlie  carpenters, 
the  brickmakers,  the  bricklayers,  the  stonemasons,  the 
furniture  makers,  the  polishers,  the  shoemakers,  the  tailors, 
tho  painters,  glaziers,  butchers,  bakers,  candlestick  makers — 


166  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

all  went  out  without  motive  or  reason,  and  helped    to    swell 
the  crazy  mobs  that  paraded  aimlessly  through   the   streets. 

As  is  usual  in  such  cases  the  less  dangerous  of  the  char- 
acters followed — the  most  desperate,  reckless  and  unprinci- 
pled led.  Hundreds  of  those  Avho  shouted  for  higher  wages 
and  better  treatment  were  vagabonds  who  had  not.  done  an 
honest  day's  work  for  years ;  hundi"eds  were  confirmed  crimi- 
nals, hundreds  were  professional  thieves.  But  the  most 
dangerous  element  of  all  were  the  foreigners  who  belonged 
to  the  communistic  societies  and  who  were  endeavorinsr  to 
bring  about  a  period  of  the  blackest  anarchy.  These  people, 
especially  their  leaders,  were  willing  to  unite  with  the  thugs 
and  thieves  of  the  city  to  secure  the  accomplishment  of 
their  designs.  They  were  active  and  indefatigable  in  their 
work,  and  wherever  a  mob  appeared  they  stood  in  the  front 
ranks,  urging  the  rabble  and  the  misguided  workingmen  for- 
ward to  the  commission  of  acts  of  lawlessness,  violence  and 
brutality. 

The  police  force  at  this  time  consisted  of  a  general 
superintendent,  a  deputy  superintendent,  four  captains, 
eighteen  lieutenants,  eleven  sergeants  and  four  hundred  and 
eighty-one  men.  The  force  available  for  active  duty  "in  the 
field,"  however,  scarcely  numbered  250  men.  It  was  simply 
out  of  the  question,  of  course,  that  such  an  insignificant 
force  could  successfully  cope  with  a  score  of  mobs,  scat- 
tered broadcast  throughout  the  city.  The  patrol  wagon  had 
not  been  dreampt  of  at  the  time,  and  the  men  rode  in  street 
cars,  or  traveled  on  foot  from  one  point  to  another,  being 
utterly  unable  to  promptly  respond  to  the  calls  sent  in.  AH 
day  Tuesday  they  were  kept  on  the  march,  from  post  to  pillar, 
from  pillar  to  post,  sometimes  to  meet  and  disperse  a  mob 
which  would  immediately  re-form ;  sometimes  on  a  wild  goose 
chase,  but  always  going,  never  resting,  until  worn  out  with 
hunger  and  fatigue  they  were  almost  ready  to  sink  exhausted 
on  the  streets.  Many  of  them  had  not  taken  a  mouthful 
of  food  for  twenty-four  hours;  many  bad   bleeding  feet,  and 


THK  i:i()T  OF  "77.  167 

Deputy  ISiiperinteiuleiit  Dixoii  states  that  he  saw  ofl&cers 
tliat  night,  and  on  the  nights  following,  take  otf  their  boots  in 
order  to  empty  them  of  the  blood  whicli  had  been  accumu- 
lating in  them  for  hours.  Offi(;ers  who  went  through  those 
days  of  tribulation,  still  on  the  force,  will  say  that  this  is  no 
exaggerated  picture.  The  oppressive  heat  added  to  their 
sutferino^s,  and  it  became  evident  all  too  soon — dreadful  dis- 
covery  as  it  was! — that  the  police  were  unable  to  meet  the 
emergency. 

The  emergency  never  would  have  arisen  had  tiiis  riot 
been  snuifed  out  when  it  first  made  its  appearance.  The 
Monday  night  mass  meeting  was  the  first  mistake;  the  order 
to  deal  gently  with  the  mobs  Tuesday  morning  was  the  sec- 
ond mistake,  the  failure  to  make  an  example  of  some  of  the 
rioters  during  the  afternoon  wa^  the  greatest  mistake  of  all. 
The  opportunity  for  suppressing  the  troubles  had  slipped 
from  the  hands  of  the  mayor  and  the  superintendent.  The 
police  alone  could  no  longer  be  depended  u[)on  to  restore 
peace,  or  to  maintain  it ! 

Captains  Seavey,  O'Donnell,  Gund  and  Johnson,  and 
Lieutenants  Blettner,  Simmons,  Callahan,  Bell,  Hathaway, 
Clerbing  and  Bans  had  been  in  active  command  of  details  sent 
out  to  disperse  the  rioters,  and  had  done  the  very  best  they 
could,  but  Avithout  success,  to  crush  out  the  riot.  Their 
hands  were  tied.  They  had  the  privilege  only  of  making  a 
display  of  force,  not  of  using  it.  The  mobs  found  this  out, 
and  treated  the  policemen  accordingly.  They  insulted,  rid- 
iculed and  stoned  the  men  with  perfect  impunity.  ''No 
blood  must  be  spilled,"  said  the  kind-hearted  mayor,  and  it 
came  to  the  point  where  the  only  blood  being  spilled,  or 
likely  to  be  spilled,  was  that  whicJi  flowed  tlirough  the  veins 
of  the  policemen. 

Tlie  streets  Avere  flooded  with  circulars  on  Tuesday  after- 
noon announcing  that  another  great  mass  meeting  of  work- 
ingmen  would  be  held  on  Market  street,  between  Madison 
and  Washington,  that  evening.      The    business   people    and 


1G8  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

the  law  abiding  citizens  generally  demanded  of  the  mayor 
that  this  meeting  should  be  prohibited,  and  Superintendent 
Hickey  finally  received  instructions  to  prevent  the  gathering. 
By  8  o'clock  that  evening  another  tremendous  crowd  had 
assembled  and  the  inflammatory  speeches  had  begun.  The 
greatest  alarm  prevailed  throughout  the  city,  for  it  was 
feared  that  this  meeting  would  lead  to  more  terrible  results 
than  any  that  had  yet  been  experienced.  Lieutenant  Ger- 
bing  in  command  of  50  men,  and  Lieutenant  Bans  with  25  men, 
were  honored  with  the  execution  of  the  chief's  orders  to 
break  up  this  meeting.  Those  on  the  outskirts  of  the  crowd 
observed  the  advancing  column  of  blue-coats  some  time  be- 
fore their  appearance  became  known  to  the  vast  multitude 
which  was  packed  tightly  between  Madison  street  and  the 
tunnel  entrance.  Without  any  preliminary  flourish.  Lieu- 
tenant Gerbing  advanced  front  on  the  crowd  and  opened  a 
fusilade  of  blank  cartridges,  followed  immediately  and  rap- 
idly by  three  or  four  others.  The  panic-stricken  crowd 
stampeded  immediately,  tramping  each  other  down,  yelling 
for  mercy,  swearing,  howling,  but  ever  scrambling  or  run- 
ning toward  the  tunnel,  through  which  several  thousand 
rushed  over  to  the  West  Side.  The  police  advanced  in 
splendid  order,  forming  a  line  almost  completely  across  the 
wide  street  at  this  point,  now  and  then  sending  a  parting 
salute  of  harmless  gunpowder  after  the  flying  mob.  Some 
resistance  was  shown  here  and  there,  but  the  clubs  were 
brought  into  play,  and  in  less  than  ten  minutes  the  square 
was  as  quiet  as  a  country  graveyard. 

The  firing  had  been  heard  throughout  the  South  Side, 
for  half  a  mile,  and  over  on  the  West  Side,  and  all  sorts  of 
wild  rumors  were  set  afloat  immediately.  The  police  had 
mowed  down  the  mob!  Three  hundred  were  killed  and 
twice  that  number  wounded!  Market  street  was  covered 
with  the  dead,  the  dying  and  the  injured!  The  police  had 
likewise  sufPered  dreadful  losses!     Etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

After  the   mob  had   been  dispersed  quiet  reigned    su- 


MADISON   BEADELL, 

Lieut.   Conidg.  Cottage  Grove  Ave.  District. 


THE    RIOT    OF    '77.  169 

preme;  the  streets  were  deserted  and  an  oppressive  calm 
pervaded  the  entire  community.  The  worst  had  not  come, 
and  everybody  seemed  to  feel  it.  The  rioters,  learning  that 
blank  cartridges  only  had  been  used  in  the  Market  street 
charge,  were  disgusted  ^witli  themselves  for  running  away, 
and  the  communistic  leaders  took  advantage  of  this  fact  to 
inspire  the  rabble  with  the  belief  that  if  they  would  only 
stand  firmly  together,  the  police  might  easily  be  overpowered. 
The  demagogues,  too,  were  loud  in  their  denunciations  of  the 
mayor  and  police  for  daring  to  interfere  with  "a  meeting  of 
peaceable  citizens,"  and  for  trampling  upon  "the  right  of 
free  speech,"  and  workingmen  were  told  that  if  they  sub- 
mitted quietly  to  this  outrage  they  must  expect  henceforth 
to  be  treated  as  slaves  by  their  masters  and  the  hireling 
police. 

Mayor  Heath  began  to  realize  the  danger  at  last,  and  now 
in  response  to  the  indignant  demands  of  the  people,  ex- 
pressed through  the.  press,  he  determined  to  crush  out  the 
riot  at  any  cost.  His  first  move  was  to  call  upon  the  law- 
abiding  citizens  of  every  ward  in  the  city  to  form  them- 
selves into  armed  organizations  for  the  presentation  of  the 
peace  and  the  protection  of  life  and  property ;  he  appealed 
to  the  governor,  and  the  first  and  second  regiments  were 
called  out.  All  other  military  organizations  were  asked  to 
come  forward  and  assist  the  municipal  authorities,  and  all 
responded;  over  three  hundred  special  policemen  were 
sworn  in,  armed  and  assigned  to  regular  patrol  duty  in 
place  of  the  regulars  who  were  now  on  active  duty  far  from 
their  beats ;  arms  and  ammunition  were  contributed  by  citi- 
zens in  immense  quantities,  and  stored  at  the  City  Hall. 
Deputy  Superintendent  Dixon  took  command  of  the  forces 
on  the  outside.  Lieut.  Frederick  Ebersold  was  made  quar- 
termaster, military  regulations  and  discipline  were  introduced ; 
the  street  car,  teaming  companies,  wholesale  houses,  and 
private  individuals  gave  the  use  of  their  horses  to  the  city, 
and  cavalry  companies  were  organized — the  whole  town  was 


170  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

aroused,  either  for  defensive  or  ofPensive  purposes,  and  Chi- 
cago presented  the  appearance  of  a  city  in  a  state  of  seige. 
Superintendent  Hickey  estimates  that  on  Wednesday  there 
were  not  less  than  20,000  men  under  arms.  Gen.  Joseph  T. 
Torrence,  commanding  the  military  operations,  established 
his  headquarters  in  the  office  of  the  superintendent  of  po- 
lice. 

On  Wednesday  morning  the  rioters  were  more  aggressive 
than  ever  before.  They  committed  several  dastardly  as- 
saults upon  workingmen  who  declined  to  join  their  ranks ; 
they  destroyed  a  vast  amount  of  property  in  outlying  man- 
ufactories; they  attempted  to  set  fire  to  one  or  tAvo  planing 
mills ;  they  succeeded  in  burning  down  one  building ;  they 
flourished  revolvers,  shotguns  and  rifles;  they  expressed 
their  determination  to  take  possession  of  the  city  and  wipe 
out  all  authority. 

In  the  lumber  district  they  assembled  in  great  numbers 
and  from  there  moved  toward  McCormick's  factory,  a  place 
that  has  ever  attracted  the  attention  and  experienced  the  en- 
mity of  mobs.  These  agricultural  implement  works  were 
surrounded  by  about  900  men.  Lieut.  Vesey,  with  a  squad 
of  policemen,  was  ordered  to  disperse  them.  He  was  rein- 
forced by  Lieut.  Callahan,  who  commanded  36  men.  The 
mob  used  stones  and  other  missiles  freely  and  fought  the 
policemen  desperately;  but  Vesey  and  Callahan  held  their 
men  under  restraint  until  the  proper  moment  arrived,  when 
they  swooped  down  upon  the  mob,  demoralizing  it  completely. 
Two  patrolmen  were  seriously  injured  and  a  number  of 
the  strikers  Avere  wounded.  The  first  blood  had  been  spilled 
by  the  police.  Vesey  and  Callahan  pi'oved  themselves  to 
be  brave,  cool,  and  competent  commanders  during  this  little 
engagement;  the  laAv-aljiding  people  began  to  look  toward 
them  with  confidence,  and  they  were  from  this  time  on  en- 
trusted with  the  most  difficult  and  important   undertakings. 

Volunteer  cavalry  and  infantry  companies  were  immedi- 
ately dispatched  to  the  "Black  Road"  region,  with  instruc- 


THE    IIIOT    OF    '77.  171 

tions  to  patrol  the  surrounding  ilistrict  and  prevent  the  mob 
from  reassemblinsf.  A  mob  had  collected  also  at  the  corner  of 
Sherman  and  Taylor  streets — a  hard  locality  at  that  time — 
and  after  organizing  itself  in  a  semi-military  fashion,  marched 
north  on  the  river  bank  to  Van  Buren  street  bridge,  crossing 
over  to  the  West  Side,  going  north  on  Beach  street  to  Polk, 
and  driving  workingmen  from  their  benches  along  the  route. 
At  the  west  end  of  Polk  street  bridge,  Lieut.  Ebersold,  with 
35  men  who  had  been  sent  in  pursuit,   intercepted  and  dis- 
persed them,  without  loss  on  either  side.      In  the  meantime  a 
mob  had  collected  at  the  Illinois  Central  elevator,  near  the 
lake  shore.     Lieut.  Bell,  with  50  men,  and  Sergeant  Brennan, 
with  a  squad  from  the  Central  station,  were  ordered  to  this 
point,  but  found  it  no  easy  matter  to  disperse  the  crowd.     An- 
other mob,  at  Fifteenth  and  Dearborn  streets,  were  stopping 
the  street  cars ;  the  North  Side  tailors  were  out  on  a  strike 
and  closing  up  the  merchant  tailoring   establishments,   and 
Lieutenants  Bell  and  Bans  were  sent  respectively  to  each  of 
these  points,  where  they  succeeded  in  quelling  all  disturb- 
ances.    There  were  probably  fifty  different  mobs  moving  at 
this  time,  audit  was  out  of  the  question  for  the  police  to  fol- 
low them  up.     The  rioters  paid  no  attention  whatever  to  the 
"specials''  or  volunteers.     Superintendent  Hickey,  in  speak- 
ing on  this  point,  says:     "Special  policemen  are    compara- 
tively worthless  for   quelling    disturbances    or    dispersing 
crowds,  for  however  good  their  intentions  or  efforts,  the  truth 
is  that  twenty  policemen  in  uniform  are  better  and  more  ef- 
fective for  the  purpose  than  fifty  specials  in  plain  dress.   This 
was  clearly  proven  when  a  mob  had  congregated  on  the  North 
Side.  Most  of  the  regular  force  at  that  time  being  on  duty  else- 
where, a  squad  of  twenty  specials  were  sent  to  disperse    the 
crowd,  but  the  rioters  defiantly  turned   upon  them  and  they 
were  forced  to  retire  to  the  station.     Lieutenant  Hathaway, 
in  command  of  fifteen  men  from  the  regular  force,  dispersed 
them  without  serious  trouble,  although  the   crowd  and  the 
excitement   had   greatly  increased  in  the  meantime."     The 


172  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

windows  of  the  shot  tower,  Crane  Brothers  Mfg.  Co.,  Car- 
lyle  Mason's  work  shop,  and  other  places  were  broken  in  by 
the  mob,  as  were  also  three  of  the  North  Side  tanneries. 
The  rioters  dodged  the  police  around  corners,  scattered  and 
reformed  again  and  by  their  maneuvering  simply  tired  the 
force  out.  It  was  impossible  to  get  them  concentrated. 
This  the  police  endeavored  to  accomplish,  and  Captains  Sea- 
vey  and  Johnson  detailed  squads  of  patrolmen  at  different 
points  with  the  view  of  hedging  in  and  consolidating  the 
mobs,  so  that  they  could  be  attacked  as  a  Avhole ;  but  this 
idea  had  to  be  abandoned.  All  the  saloons  were  now  or- 
dered closed,  and  the  situation  every  moment  becoming  more 
serious,  the  mayor  requested  the  proprietors  of  all  the  man- 
ufactories to  resume  business,  promising  them  protection, 
and  ordering  all  idlers  off  the  streets,  under  penalty  of  suf- 
fering in  case  of  a  conflict  with  the  rioters.  Messrs. 
J.  V.  Farwell  &  Co.,  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.,  Gen.  Stockton,  C. 
B.  Holmes  (South  Division  street  car  company),  James  K. 
Lake  (West  Division  street  car  company)  and  many  others, 
loaned  their  teams  and  wagons  to  the  city  for  the  transpor- 
tation of  the  policemen  from  point  to  point.  Handbills  were 
again  distributed  calling  upon  all  workingmen  to  assemble 
on  Market  street  that  (Wednesday)  evening,  and  a  request 
was  made  by  "The  Workingmen's  Party  of  the  United 
States,"  that  the  meeting  be  allowed  and  given  police  pro- 
tection. This  request  was  denied  and  the  meeting  pro- 
claimed. Precautions  were  taken  this  time  to  prevent  the 
assembling  of  the  crowd.  A  force  of  150  men  was  assem- 
bled at  headquarters,  and  Lieut,  Gerbing,  with  50  men,  was 
ordered  to  proceed  to  the  place  of  the  proposed  meeting  and 
prevent  the  gathering  of  a  crowd.  This  was  about  8  p.  m., 
and  already  about  2,000 persons  were  assembled;  stands  for 
the  speakers  had  been  erected  and  the  square  Avas  illumina- 
ted with  calcium  lights.  Lieut.  Gerbing' s  company  formed 
as  on  the  previous  night  and  drove  the  mob  before  them. 
This    time,     however,    the    clubs    in     the    hands     of    the 


THE    RIOT    OF    '77.  173 

policemen  were  freely  used  and  many  a  head  was 
broken;  one  of  the  loudest-mouthed  of  the  speak- 
ers had  his  skull  cracked;  the  stands  were  torn 
down  and  thrown  into  the  river,  and  the  streets  were  again 
cleared  completely.  Market  street  was  now  occupied  by 
Lieutenants  Hood,  Blettner,  Bans  and  Gerbing,  who  com- 
manded a  force  of  about  200  men.  It  was  expected  that 
the  West  and  North  Side  contingents  of  rioters  would  soon 
be  along  to  participate  in  the  meeting.  This  expectation 
was  partly  fulfilled,  but  before  the  West  Side  mob  could 
cross  over  the  Randolph  street  bridge  they  were  confronted 
by  a  line  of  police  drawn  up  at  Market  and  Randolph  streets, 
attacked  and  driven  back.  "A  desperate  hand  to  hand  fight 
occui'red  here,"  says  the  ofiicial  report,  "the  police  hammer- 
ing them  [the  rioters]  mercilessly  with  their  clubs,  and  the 
rioters  throwing  stones  and  pieces  of  coal  which  they  got 
from  a  yard  close  by.  It  may  to  some  appear  strange  why 
the  police  had  not  fired  indiscriminately  into  them  by  this 
time,  but  when  it  is  remembered  that  right  in  front  of  the 
mob  and  close  to  the  drums  and  banners,  which  were  in 
advance  of  them,  there  was  a  crowd  probably  of  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  small  boys  and  children,  and  that  a  volley 
fired  into  them  at  that  time  would  unavoidably  have  killed 
innocent  children  and  not  the  rioters,  I  think  it  will  be 
conceded  that  the  police  acted  with  prudence  and  excellent 
j  udgment  in  the  emergency.  As  it  was,  and  after  the  riot- 
ers  had  been  repeatedly  repulsed  and  returned,  Lieut.  Ger- 
bing finally  ordered  his  command  to  shoot  over  their  heads. 
A  volley  was  instantly  fired  in  the  direction  of  the  mob,  and 
although  not  with  fatal  results,  it  had  a  good  effect,  for  they 
at  once  disbanded  and  were  forced  in  opposite  directions, 
some  being  driven  across  the  bridge  and  others  toward  the 
lake." 

A  mob  of  about  four  hundred  men  had  assembled  in  the 
meantime  at  the  round  house  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  railroad,  on  West  Sixteenth  street,  and  proceeded  to 

IG 


174  THECHICAGO    POLICE. 

emash  the  windows  and  wreck  the  rolling  stock  of  the  com- 
pany. Several  cars  and  locomotives  were  ditched,  and  the 
rioters,  it  seems,  had  planned  to  set  fire  to  the  building  and 
destroy  its  contents.  Capt.  Seavey  was  notified  at  once,  and 
ordered  Lieut.  Callahan  with  a  squad  of  policemen  to  the 
scene.  The  men  were  crowded  into  omnibusses  and  driven 
rapidly  toward  the  round  house.  Arriving  there  the  mob 
opened  fire  on  the  'busses,  using  revolvers  and  stones,  and 
the  driver  was  thrown  off  his  seat,  breaking  his  arm  in  the 
fall.  In  a  moment  more  the  most  desperate  attack  thus  far 
had  begun.  As  the  policemen  left  the  omnibusses  they  were 
met  with  a  perfect  shower  of  bullets  and  a  hailstorm  of 
stones.  Lieut.  Callahan  took  in  the  situation  at  a  glance. 
The  mob  was  swelling  every  moment  until  it  now  numbered 
some  three  thousand  rioters.  Many  of  these  had  taken 
part  in  the  trouble  at  McCormick's  the  day  before;  they 
knew  Callahan  and  bore  him  a  grudge.  He  drew  his  men 
up  in  line  and  parried  the  bullets  and  stones  as  best  he 
could,  and  endeavored  in  every  way  to  gain  time.  He  had 
sent  in  for  reinforcements,  as  he  dreaded  to  attack  such  an  im- 
mense crowd,  composed  mainly  of  the  most  desperate  ruffians, 
with  such  a  small  force  of  men.  Sergeant  Eyan  with  twenty- 
men  had  been  patroling  the  district  near  the  round  house, 
and,  hearing  of  Callahan's  position,  hastened  to  his  assist- 
ance. The  stones  and  bullets  from  the  mob  began  to  fly 
thicker  and  thicker  around  the  heads  of  the  policemen,  and 
finding  that  the  rioters  were  determined  upon  ugly  Avork, 
Lieut.  Callahan  ordered  an  attack. 

The  policemen  acted  like  old  soldiers  and  went  into  the 
fight  eagerly.  A  volley  from  their  ranks,  which  laid  a  num- 
ber of  the  rioters  low,  was  followed  by  a  charge,  the  officers 
keeping  up  a  pretty  steady  fire.  The  mob  responded  with 
their  revolvers,  missiles  and  yells,  holding  their  ground 
pugnaciously.  Callahan's  command,  however,  kept  up  the 
fire,  and  gave  every  evidence  of  being  prepared  for  a  long 
engagement.     Several  of  the' brave  fellows  had  fallen,  some 


THE    KIOT    OF    '77.  175 

seriously  injured,  and  this  served  to  infuriate  their  com- 
panions. Witli  one  wild  shout  the  policemen  finally  precip- 
itatetl  themselves  upon  the  rioters,  using  their  revolvers  in 
one  hand  and  their  batons  in  the  other,  doing  terrible  exe- 
cution everywhere,  until  the  solid  body  of  rioters  in  front  of 
them  broke  and  scattered,  the  great  majority  of  them  re- 
treating toward  the  Halsted  street  viaduct. 

The  fight  lasted  about  half  an  hour,  and  Lieut.  Callahan, 
finding  that  his  men  were  out  of  ammunition,  and  that  many 
of  them  were  injured,  returned  to  the  Twelfth  street  station. 
They  presented  a  sorry  sight  as  they  marched  back.  But 
two  or  three  of  them  escaped  injury  of  some  kind.  Nearly 
all  were  badly  bruised  by  flying  stones,  and  the  following 
officers  of  Callahan's  command  were  more  or  less  seriously 
injured  by  bullets,  stones  or  other  missiles: 

Patrolman  Patrick  O'Hara,  died  since  by  drowning. 

Patrolman  A.  Samolsky,  at  present  a  constable. 

Patrolman  Patrick  Shanly,  at  present  on  the  force. 

Patrolman  Thomas  Dooley,  at  present  on  the  force. 

Patrolman  Thomas  N.  Dane,  whereabouts  unknown. 

Patrolman  Matthew  Twohy,  died  subsequently. 

Patrolman  William  Plynn  (who  shot  Fitzgerald  at  the 
polls),  still  on  the  force. 

Patrolman  George  Demar,  at  present  on  the  day  squad. 

Patrolman  James  B.  Carroll,  whereabouts  unknown. 

Patrolman  S.  S.  McCormick,  whereabouts  unknown. 

Patrolman  Thomas  McCann,  whereabouts  unknown. 

Patrolman  Michael  Conneroy,  at  present  on  the  force. 

Patrolman  Edward  Laughlin,  now  lieutenant  on  the  force. 

Patrolman  James  Lacy,  died  subsequently. 

Patrolman  Henry  Gaut,  Avhereabouts  unknown. 

In  the  battle  at  the  round  house  James  Flashuck,  shot 
with  a  pistol  ball,  died  next  morning;  Wenseu  Movoskosky, 
shot  with  a  pistol  ball,  died  in  half  an  hour ;  five  others, 
whose  names  and  residences  it  was  impossible  to  discover, 
were  shot  and  died  from  the  efPects   of  their  wounds,   and 


Tii'y  THE     CHICAGO     I'OLICK. 

about  twenty-five  were  seriously  wounded.  Lieut.  Callalian 
so  distinguished  himself  in  this  and  other  struggles  with 
the  rioters,  that  his  name  became  one  of  the  most  prominent 
on  the  force.  Citizens  vied  with  each  other  in  doing  honor 
to  his  pluck  and  ability.  After  the  excitement  had  cooled 
down,  the  citizens  of  the  "West  Twelfth  street  district  pre- 
sented him  with  an  elegant  and  costly  gold  watch  and  chain. 
The  watch  bore  the  inscription:  "To  Lieutenant  M.  Calla- 
han, from  the  citizens  of  Chicago,  Sept.  11,  1S77,  for  effic- 
iency, honesty  and  fidelity."  Justice  Scully,  in  presenting 
this  testimonial,  made  an  address  most  flattering  to  the  gallant 
lieutenant,  and  the  latter  replied  in  a  neat  speech.  Later 
on  his  name  was  mentioned  couspiciiously  for  the  superin- 
tendency,  but  at  his  request  his  claims  to  this  advancement 
were  not  pressed.  He  had  made  many  bitter  enemies,  as 
well  as  substantial  and  enthusiastic  friends,  by  his  con- 
duct during  the  riots,  but  the  former  were  more  active  than 
the  latter,  and  they  never  rested  until,  upon  a  change  of 
administration,  they  succeeded  in  having  him  reduced  to  a 
sergeantcy,  a  position  which  he  holds  at  present,  at  the  West 
Madison  street  station.  He  is  a  man  of  excellent  education, 
good  address  and  fine  physique.  He  bore  his  reduction 
with  the  same  good  grace  that  he  bore  his  laurels  in  the 
riot  of  '77. 


THE    RIOT    OF    "77  J  77 


CHAPTER   X. 

THE  YEAR  1877— PROGRESS  AND  FINISH  OF  THE  RIOT— THE  NUM- 
EROUS CONFLICTS  ON  THE  HALSTED  STREET  VIADUCT— A  WARLIKE 
DISPLAY— THE  MILITARY,  VOLUNTEERS  AND  POLICE— BLOODY  WORK 
BETWEEN  TWELFTH  STREET  AND  ARCHER  AVENUE— DIXON  AT 
THE  FRONT— A  HEROIC  BOY— THE  TURNER  HALL  EPISODE— A 
SPEEDY  RESTORATION  OF  PEACE-THE  MILITARY  REGIME  IN  THE 
DEPARTMENT. 

The  rioters  who  had  assembled  and  suffered  a  repulse 
from  Lieut.  Callahan's  heroic  little  command  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quiiicy  round  house,  proved 
later  to  be  a  wing  of  the  grand  mob,  which,  by  this  time, 
was  consolidating  on  Halsted  street,  between  the  viaduct 
and  Archer  avenue.  At  length  it  seemed  probable  that  the 
two  or  three  hundred  scattered  detachments  would  become 
centralized,  and  that  a  crushing  blow  might  be  dealt  the  up- 
rising as  a  whole.  A  force  of  200  })olicemen,  under  com- 
mand of  Lieuts.  Blettner,  Macauley  and  Bell,  had  been  dis- 
patched to  the  ground,  with  instructions  to  show  the  mob 
no  mercy.  The  authorities  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that 
mercy  to  the  mob  meant  danger  to  all  peaceable  citizens, 
and  now  they  were  determined  to  make  amends  for  the  mis- 
takes committed  at  the  start.  Previous  to  the  arrival  of  the 
police,  however,  the  mob  had  been  carrying  things  at  their 
Avill.  The  first  street  car  that  attempted  to  cross  the  via- 
duct was  pelted  with  a  shower  of  stones,  the  conductor  and 
driver  both  driven  from  their  positions,  the  horses  lashed 
into  madness  until  they  ran  away,  and  finally  the  car  was 
overturned  at  the  junction  of  Halsted  and  Evans  streets, 
where  it  was  "pulled  to  pieces  by  a  pack  of  howling  young 


17S  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

devils,''  says  the  Tribune^ s  account,  "  contained  within 
boys  not  older  than  14  years."  The  other  cars  that  arrived 
at  the  viaduct  were  stopped,  the  conductors  rifled  of  the 
contents  of  their  pockets,  and  the  passengers  compelled  to 
leave  their  seats  and  walk.  M.  J.  Pribyl,  a  dealer  in  fire- 
arms at  522  Halsted  street,  had  paid  no  attention  to  the 
request  of  the  superintendent  in  relation  to  hiding  danger- 
ous weapons  from  view.  He  had  a  fine  display  of  revolvers, 
guns,  etc.,  in  his  window.  The  store  was  pillaged  by  the 
mob,  which  carried  off  thirty-five  guns,  as  many  revolvers, 
and  as  many  more  pistols.  Most  of  those  who  assisted  in 
gutting  PribyFs  place  were  thugs  and  thieves.  The  work- 
inofmen  had  nothincr  to  do  with  it.  South  of  the  viaduct  the 
mob  assumed  serious  aspects  at  several  points.  The  crowd 
of  howling  young  devils,  wdio  were  pulling  the  open  street 
car  to  pieces,  extinguished  the  street  lights  (for  it  was 
noAv  quite  dark),  which  the  mob  only  allowed  the  lamp- 
lighters to  light,  after  much  discussion,  in  the  first  place. 
It  became  rumored  then  that  pillaging  was  about  to  com- 
mence, and  immediately  every  shopkeeper  along  the  street 
locked  his  doors,  barred  his  windows,  and  prepared  to  defend 
his  property.  A  crowd  of  young  men  and  boys  marched 
upon  the  hardware  store  of  E.  E.  Lott,  No.  785  Halsted 
street.  The  iron  bars  were  -wi-enched  from  the  windows,  the 
shutters  forced  off,  the  windows  broken,  and  some  one, 
hoisted  through  an  aperture  thus  made,  succeeded  in  open- 
ing the  door.  The  rabble,  i)rincipally  composed  of  young 
tliieves,  rushed  in  and  commenced  the  work  of  plunder. 
The  gas  was  lit,  and  the  older  persons  in  the  mob  seized  the 
most  valuable  goods  on  the  shelves  and  in  the  show  cases. 
A  large  amount  of  cutlery  and  small  hardware  was  carried 
off  in  a  buggy,  and  the  thieves  only  desisted  when  the 
ai-ticles  left  were  too  heavy  to  be  taken  away  by  hand. 

The  mob  appeared  to  be  thinning  out  at  the  viaduct,  and 
an  attempt  was  made  to  run  the  street  cars,  but  the  crowd 
would  not  permit  it.      The  police  arrived   about  this  time. 


Clearin!T  Out  West  Twelfth  S 


t  Turner  Hall  in  Riot  of  1877. 


THE    RIOT    OF    '77.  179 

coming  from  the  south,  and  the  mob  quickly  scattered.  As 
the  bhie-coats  passed  the  point  where  the  cars  were  wrecked, 
several  shots  were  fired  out  of  one  of  the  buildings,  but  no 
ha)'ni  was  done.  The  police  marched  along,  clearing  the 
sidewalks  as  they  advanced  across  the  Halsted  street  via- 
duct, but  encountered  no  more  opposition  iintil  they  came  to 
the  corner  of  Halsted  and  Fifteenth  streets,  where  a  large 
crowd  of  laborers  liad  assembled.  The  police  formed  in 
line  here,  chartjed  the  crowd  with  their  clubs,  and  scattered 
tliem  in  all  directions.  Several,  who  stubbornly  held  their 
ground  or  resisted,  were  pretty  badly  beaten.  The  mob 
gathered  again  about  a  block  away  and  marched  west,  hoot- 
ing and  yelling  as  they  went.  In  a  few  minutes  Lieut.  Hood, 
commanding  about  100  men,  came  down  Halsted  to  Twenty- 
second  street,  clearing  everything  before  him.  The  first 
three  companies  remained  in  the  vicinity  of  Thirteenth 
street,  which  was  considered  the  most  dangerous  point, 
while  guards  were  placed  at  all  the  street  crossings,  to  pre- 
vent the  rioters  from  again  gathering  on  Halsted.  Besides 
the  casualties  already  mentioned  as  having  occurred  at  the 
round  house,  a  large  number  of  persons  were  severely,  some 
fatally,  injured,  during  the  various  attacks  of  the  evening 
on  Halsted  street. 

During  Wednesday,  mobs  had  disturbed  the  peace  and 
created  a  great  deal  of  alarm  on  the  South  and  North  Sides, 
but  no  considerable  damage  was  done.  It  was  evident  to 
all  that  the  worst  had  not  come,  but  it  was  more  evident  still 
that  the  city  was  only  half-way  prepared  to  meet  the  real 
danger  ahead.  A  mass  meeting  was  held  in  the  Moody  and 
Sankey  tabernacle,  which  had  been  erected  on  the  site  of 
the  old  gas  works,  fronting  on  Monroe,  between  Franklin 
and  Market  streets,  on  the  afternoon  of  Thursday.  The 
immense  hall  was  packed  with  the  leading  business  men  of 
the  city,  and  law-abiding  people  generally.  It  was  called 
to  order  by  the  Rev.  Robert  Collyer,  who  nominated  Hon. 
C.  B.  Farwell   for  chairman.     Mr.   Farwell,  on   taking  the 


180  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

chair,  suggested  that  the  wisest  thing  to  do  was  to  appoint 
a  strong  committee  of  three  men  from  each  division  of  the 
city,  and  let  them  attend  to  such  matters  in  organization  as 
may  be  deemed  necessary,  after  consulting  with  the  mayor. 
Gen.  Drew  said  he  had  a  proposition  to  ofPer,  which  had 
already  been  approved  by  the  mayor  and  Deputy  Superin- 
tendent Dixon,  to  the  effect,  that  the  mayor  call  for  5,000 
volunteers,  or  more  as  they  may  offer,  to  report  forthwith 
at  headquarters,  there  to  be  organized  into  companies  of 
100  each,  to  be  placed  in  charge  of  competent  officers — men 
who  had  served  in  the  rebellion ;  let  them  be  armed  with 
heavy  canes  or  clubs,  or,  if  they  have  revolvers,  let  them 
bring  them  along;  organize  them  as  fast  as  they  report, 
and  let  them  be  turned  over  to  the  superintendent  of  police 
as  special  policemen. 

While  Gen.  Drew  was  speaking,  the  following  proclama- 
tion from  the  mayor  arrived,  and  it  was  read  to  the  meeting: 

Mayor's  Office,  Chicago,  July  25, 1872 — 3:30  o'clock. — In  my  procla- 
mation of  yesterday  I  requested  all  good  citizens  to  organize  in  their  re- 
spective districts  and  blocks  and  do  patrol  duty  in  their  immediate  neigh- 
borhood. Though  this  request  has  to  a  large  extent  been  complied  with, 
I  must  again  remind  the  people  that  such  organization  must  be  made 
thorough  and  effective.  I  also  request  5,000  good  and  experienced  citi- 
zens, composed  as  largely  as  possible  of  ex-soldiers,  to  report  at  head- 
quarters, to  do  such  general  duties  as  may  be  assigned  them. 

I  again  warn  all  idlers  and  curious  people,  especially  women  and 
children,  to  keep  off  the  public  highways,  as  the  authorities  in  case  cf 
necessity  will  not  be  responsible  for  consequences. 

The  public  and  citizens  are  ordered  to  arrest  all  disorderly  persons 
and  to  take  them  to  the  police  stations  in  the  vicinity.  The  aldermen  of 
the  city  are  requested  to  take  charge  of  such  organizations  and  provide 
rendezvous  for  the  same.  M.  Heath,  Mayor. 

This  proclamation  was  greeted  with  cheers,  and  Gen. 
Drew,  continuing,  said  that  it  covered  the  ground  precisely. 
The  necessity  for  organization  was  making  itself  felt  more 
strongly  every  moment.  "With  the  discipline  most  neces- 
sary in  cases  of  this  kind,"  said  Gen.  Drew,  "the  assistant 
(deputy)  superintendent  of  police  assured  me  he  could  put 
down  every  demonstration  inside  of  24  hours,  and  I  have  no 


THE  inoT  OF  '77.  181 

hesitation  in  asserting  that  it  can  be  done.  I  would  also,  in 
addition  to  that,  have  the  military  held  in  reserve,  in  case  of 
any  disturbance  beyond  the  control  of  these  men,  so  that 
they  could  be  brought  to  their  rescue,  and  I  undertake  to 
say  that  there  is  no  (piestion  that  this  whole  demonstration 
can  be  put  down  and  law  and  order  and  peace  be  preserved 
here,  and  everybody  go  about  his  business."      [  Applause  J. 

Hon.  Carter  H.  Harrison,  then  a  member  of  congress, 
seconded  the  suggestions  of  Gen.  Drew,  and  urged  that  every 
manufacturer  in  Chicago  be  requested  to  resume  business 
next  morning.  ''Idleness,  it  is  said,  is  hell's  workshop," 
cried  Mr.  Harrison,  "and  when  men  are  idle  the  devil's  ham- 
mer— whisky — is  employed.  After  that  no  man  can  be  held 
responsible  for  the  consequences.  [Cheers J.  The  people 
of  Chicago  are  industrious,  the  laborers  are  workingmen  of 
the  truest  stamp,  and  to-day  there  is  the  remarkable  phe- 
nomenon exhibited  of  a  city  of  500,000  men,  women  and 
children — a  city  composed  of  industrious  workingmen — con- 
trolled bv  a  mob  of  200  or  300  idlers  and  rasfamuffins. 
[Cheers J.  It  is  not  laboring  men  who  are  making  the 
strike,  A  few  laboring  men  commenced  it;  but  it  is  the 
idlers,  thieves  and  ruffians  who  are  carrying  it  on,  *  *  * 
We  have  stopped  the  railroads,  and  what  can  Chicago  do 
without  the  railroads?   We  cannot  get  bread  without  them." 

The  fear  of  a  failure  in  the  supply  of  breadstuffs  had 
begun  to  make  itself  felt ;  people  were  already  talking  of  an 
impending  famine  inside  the  city,  as  not  a  train  of  cars  had 
been  moved  for  three  days,  and  there  was  little  prospect 
of  the  blockade  being  raised.  It  should  be  remembered  that 
the  railroad  strike  extended  to  all  the  towns  and  cities  within 
a  radius  of  700  miles  of  Chicago,  and  that  other  towns  and 
cities  were,  like  Chicago,  partly  or  Avholly  in  the  hands  of 
mobs. 

"I  have  noticed,"  said  Mr.  Harrison,  in  closing  his  re- 
marks, "that  when  the  police  have  arrested  a  rioter  or  a 
striker,  not  one  single  word  was  said  against  it.     When  the 


182  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

policeman  Ihys  his  hands  on  a  man's  shoulder  and  says, 
'You  are  my  prisoner,'  the  feeling  of  law-abiding  reverence 
fqr  those  who  are  the  officers  of  the  law  will  make  the  man 
go  to  prison.  Keep  your  military  back.  If  necessary  let 
them  stay  to  protect  banks  or  waterworks,  but  don't  let  the 
soldiers  shoot  down  defenseless  women.  The  blue-coated 
man  of  the  police,  and  you  who  are  going  to  enroll  as  his  as- 
sistants, when  a  man  attempts  to  stop  another  from  working, 
can  go  and  arrest  him  for  doing  violence  to  the  law,  and  by 
to-morrow  night  we  will  have  peace  in  this  great  city  of  the 
West."      [Applause]. 

Robert  Collyer  said  that  he  had  lived  in  Chicago  for  20 
years  and  he  considered  this  the  most  serious  time  he  had 
ever  seen.  "What  our  friend  has  just  said  is  true — we  are 
cowed  by  an  insignificant  mob.  The  great  wheels  of  com- 
merce and  trade  are  stopped.  I  think  our  mayor  has  done 
well  in  his  large  forbearance.  There  are  some  fearful  evils 
that  might  have  been  sprung  on  us  before  we  were  ready, 
but  we  must  be  ready  this  afternoon  to  meet  any  crisis  that 
may  come.  I  cannot  expect  to  live  long,"  said  the  great 
preacher,  solemnly.  "I  thought  I  might  live  twenty  years, 
I  would  like  to.  Do  you  know,  fellow-citizens,  as  God  lives 
and  as  my  soul  lives,  I  would  rather  die  in  twenty  minutes  in 
defense  of  order  and  of  our  homes  against  these  men  than  live 
twenty  years  as  happy  a  life  as  I  have  lived  all  these  fifty 
years!  [Applause].  I  wish  our  mayor  in  his  wisdom  and 
courage  had  suggested  larger  measures.  My  thought  was 
this :  That  we  should  have  this  committee  that  has  been 
mentioned  to  consult  and  act  with  the  mayor  as  a  commit- 
tee of  defense,  and  have  sub-committees  in  the  different  dis- 
tricts and  wards  of  the  city.  We  should  then  organize  a 
force  of  30,000  special  constables  and  we  should  subscribe 
$1,000,000  as  a  fund  to  draw  on  to  take  care  of  those  men 
who  cannot  take  care  of  themselves.  I  am  poor,  but  I  am 
ready  to  give  $200  to  begin  with. "      [  iVpplause  ] . 

The  reverend  gentleman  moved  that  a  committee  of  nine, 


THE    RIOT    OF    '77.  183 

to  consist  of  three  from  each  district  of  the  city,  be  chosen 
to  act  with  the  mayor  in  the  public  defense,  and  the  motion 
was  adopted. 

Hon.  Leonard  Swett,  in  the  course  of  a  brief  speech, 
made  a  suggestion  which  was  acted  upon  later  and  bore 
good  fruit.  He  said:  "Now,  I  am  told  by  persons  familiar 
with  the  army  officers  here  that  if  the  mayor  of  this  city  were 
in  a  proper  manner  to  request  them,  the  government  of  the 
United  States  would  within  twenty-four  hours  place  substan- 
tially a  regiment  of  soldiers  in  this  city.  *  *  *  *  j 
throw  out  this  suggestion  for  what  it  is  worth.  I  under- 
stand that  the  government  itself  cannot  take  the  initiative. 
I  understand  it  will  not  send  troojDS  here  unless  requested  to 
do  so.  But  I  am  told  that  if  the  citizens  want  the  protec- 
tion of  the  government,  that  it  is  ready  and  will  be  immedi- 
ately extended.  I  suppose  the  mayor,  perhaps,  would  not 
like  to  act  without  av  expi-cssio)!  of  opinion.  The  object 
of  this  meeting  is  to  express  opinions.  Therefore  it  would 
seem  to  me  proper  that  this  meeting  should  ask  the  mayor, 
■  who  knows  all  the  measures  that  have  been  inaugurated, 
to  call  upon  the  government  to  send  troops  here  immediately, 
eo  that  we  may  have  no  outrage,  so  that  we  may  not  under- 
take to  restore  the  business,  as  they  are  now  undertaking 
in  Pittsburg,  after  the  damage  is  done."' 

Henry  Greenebaum  suggested  vigorous  measures,  and 
Col.  Roberts  offered  the  following,  which  was  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  this  meeting  is  in  full  sympathy  with  the  proclama- 
tion of  the  mayor,  calling  for  5,000  men,  and  that  we  will  at  once  report  at 
police  headquarters  for  duty. 

Ex-Mayor  Boone,  who  had  suppressed  the  lager  beer 
riot,  was  in  the  audience,  and  in  response  to  demands  for  a 
speech  said  that  if  the  police  were  armed  they  could  dispose 
of  the  rioters  within  twenty-four  hours. 

The  city  council  that  night  held  a  special  meeting,  and 
passed  resolutions  calling  upon  all  good  citizens  to  aid  the 
mayor  and  police  in  tlie  Avork  of  maintaining  peace;    to  en- 


184  THE     CHICAG(3     POLICE. 

roll  themselves  as  special  policemen,  ami  to  obey  carefully 
the  orders  of  the  mayor.  Aid.  Lawler  at  the  same  meeting 
offered  the  following: 

Whekeas,  It  is  a  well-kuowu  fact  that  tbousauds  of  workiugmeu  are 
idle  in  the  city  of  Chicago  at  the  present  time,  whose  families  are  suffer- 
ing for  the  necessaries  of  life,  all  for  the  need  of  employment  for  their 
labor,  and  who  believe  that  the  city  authorities  should  provide  labor  lor 
them  by  immediately  commencing  work  upon  the  city  improvements  for 
which  the  appropriations  liave  been  made;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  mayor  and  comptroller  be  and  they  are  hereby 
directed  and  instructed  by  the  city  council  of  the  city  of  Chicago  to  bor- 
row the  sum  of  !$oOO,OnO,  the  same  to  be  applied  toward  commencing  the 
erection  of  the  city's  portion  of  the  new  Court  House,  and  also  for  com- 
pleting the  sewers  for  which  an  order  was  passed  May,  1877. 

The  matter  was  referred  to  the  finance  committee,  and 
favorable  action  was  taken  upon  it  soon  afterward.  A  com- 
mittee of  five  aldermen,  consisting  of  Gilbert,  Cullerton, 
Rawleigh,  Baumgarten  and  Kirk  was  appointed  to  co-oper- 
ate with  the  mayor. 

The  communists  continued  to  hold  meetings,  and  their 
headquarters  were  continually  surrounded  and  crowded  by  a 
most  vicious  and  dangerous  class  of  ruffians.  During 
Thursday  the  following  circular  was  issued: 

WOKKINGMEN    OF   CHICAGO. 

The  success  of  our  honest  effort  to  increase  wages  depends  entirely 
upon  your  good  conduct  and  peaceable  though  firm  behavior.  We 
hereby  declare  that  any  riotoTis  action  in  our  meetings  will  be  immedi- 
ately put  down  by  us. 

The  grand  principles  of  Humanity  and  Popular  Sovereignty  need  no 
violence  to  sustain  them.  For  the  sake  of  the  cause  which  we  hold  most 
dear,  let  every  honest  workiugman  help  us  to  preserve  order.  Let  us  show 
the  world  that,  with  all  oiir  grievances  and  misery,  we  can  still  act  like 

men  and  good  citizens. 

The  Committee, 

IVorkingmen's  Payty  of  tlie  United  States. 
Greatly  to  the  surprise  of  citizens  in  general  and  to  the 
satisfaction  of  all  law-abiding  citizens  in  particular,  two 
companies  of  United  States  regulars — "E"  and  '-F"  of  the 
Twenty-second  Infantry — arrived  at  the  Chicago.  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  depot.  West  Side,  during  the  afternoon.     They 


JOHN  REHM, 
Lieut.   Comdg    Canalport  Ave.  District. 


THE    RIOT    OF    '77.  185 

were  fresh  from  the  Indian  campaign  on  the  plains,  and 
were  rushed  through  at  full  speed,  stopping  only  an  hour  or 
so  in  St.  Paul,  whence  they  came  direct  to  this  city.  They 
Avere  tanned  and  grizzled,  with  unwashed  faces  and  unkempt 
hair,  their  clothing  covered  with  dust  an  inch  thick.  Capt. 
Dickie,  under  whose  command  they  were,  was  in  no  better 
condition  upon  arrival  than  his  men.  The  accommodations 
on  the  trains  were  very  poor,  and  they  had  no  opportunity 
of  cleaning  up  from  the  time  they  commenced  their  forced 
ride  to  Chicago.  They  were  met  by  Lieut. -Col.  Frederick 
D.  Grant,  who  brought  orders  from  Gen.  Sheridan,  and  the 
companies  were  formed  into  marching  line,  and  led  over  the 
bridge  and  down  Madison  street.  Here  a  great  crowd,  com- 
posed to  some  extent  of  portions  of  the  Canal  street  mob, 
which  had  become  disintegrated,  lined  the  streets,  but  no 
disturbance  occurred.  On  the  way  down  cheer  after  cheer 
went  up  from  the  business  blocks  on  both  sides  of  the  street, 
and  the  soldiers  received  many  a  "  God  bless  you."  From 
the  tops  of  the  highest  buildings,  where  shoemakers  and 
other  tradesmen  who  had  not  struck  were  at  work,  came  the 
loudest  cheers.  The  sight  of  armed  men,  enclosed  in  an  ar- 
mor of  cartridges,  cleared  the  way  in  front,  but  behind  them 
came  a  mass  of  men,  women  and  children  that  completely 
blocked  the  whole  street.  So  small  an  affair  as  the  arrival 
of  two  companies  of  United  States  troops  was  sufficient  to 
attract  thousands.  Finding  that  the  troops  were  going 
directly  to  the  Exposition  building,  the  vast  crowd  soon  dis- 
persed quietly.  The  regulars  were  well  supplied  with  am- 
munition. Supplies  had  been  quietly  arriving  during  the 
previous  twenty-four  hours.  Gen.  Sheridan  had  made  all 
preparations  for  meeting  any  request  which  the  mayor  might 
make,  or  any  emergency;  in  fact,  he  had  anticipated  the 
wishes  of  the  people.  The  "boys  in  blue"  were  stationed 
for  a  while  at  the  Armory  building  during  the  afternoon,  but 
they  were  not  called  upon  to  act.  Four  additional  com- 
panies, under  command  of  Capt.  Clark,  arrived  from  Omaha 


186  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

next  day.  The  first  and  second  regiments  were  under 
arms  all  this  time,  but  as  the  feeling  was  still  strongly  in 
favor  of  allowing  police  methods  free  scope,  they  did  little 
more  than  guard  duty.  The  first  regiment  was  ordered  to 
be  ready  for  active  duty  at  3  a.  m.  Thursday,  and  the  sec- 
ond regiment  boys  were  also  informed  that  there  would  be  hot 
work  for  them  on  the  following  day. 

All  through  the  early  part  of  Wednesday  night  the  city 
was  alive  witli  rumors  of  dreadful  work  on  Halsted  street. 
These  rumors  reached  police  headquarters,  and  squads  of 
regulars  and  specials  were  sent  out  to  reinforce  the  jaded 
men  on  duty  along  that  thoroughfare.  Whenever  the  riot- 
ers made  their  appearance  they  were  clubbed  or  driven  into 
their  holes,  but  no  great  or  serious  disturbance  occurred. 
All  the  bridges  leading  to  the  West  Side  were  swung,  the 
tunnels  were  guarded,  and  armed  men  patrolled  the  down- 
town streets.  At  every  corner  two  or  three  or  half  a  dozen 
"specials"  could  be  met,  but  the  South  Side  remained 
through  the  night  as  quiet  as  a  graveyard.  There  were  no 
cars  running,  the  hackmen  had  long  since  declined  to  drive 
for  love  or  money,  pedestrians  were  few  and  far  between, 
and  the  only  busy  centers  in  the  city  were  the  newspaper 
and  telegraph  ofiices. 

"  The  policemen  of  this  city."  said  the  Tribune  next 
morning,  "  are  doing  their  duty  faithfully,  intelligently  and 
manfully  in  this  trying  emergency.  In  every  instance 
where  they  encountered  violent  mobs  yesterday,  they  dis- 
persed them  by  their  sudden  and  resolute  charges.  The  re- 
sult is  an  eloquent  testimonial  to  their  drill,  discipline  and 
esprit  (Je  cor2^s.'''' 

All  this  time  Deputy  Superintendent  Joseph  Dixon  was 
chafing  under  the  inactivity  at  headquarters.  Policemen  were 
constantly  reporting  with  torn  clothing,  battered  faces  and 
bruised  bodies.  The  rioters  insulted  the  ofiicers  everywhere 
and  heaped  outrages  upon  them.  It  was  perfectly  safe  to 
hurl   a  stone  at  a  passing  squad  of  policemen,  for  the  men 


THE    RIOT    OF    '77.  1S7 

were  instructed  uot  to  fire,  and  it  was  out  of  the  question 
for  them  to  break  ranks.  Tiie  rioters  began  to  perceive 
that  they  had  the  policemen  at  a  disadvantage,  and  they  lost 
no  time  in  making  the  best  of  their  opportunity.  In  a 
square  fight,  when  the  mob  was  drawn  up  in  line  against 
the  police,  the  latter  routed  them  every  time,  but  it  was 
the  fir  in  ij  from  ambush,  the  truerilla  warfare  carried  on  by  the 
rufiians  who  had  joined  the  strikers,  that  the  men  dreaded. 
Dixon  was  in  favor  of  making  an  example  out  of  the  first  solid 
body  of  rioters  the  police  might  come  in  collision  with. 
There  had  been  too  much  child's  play,  and  it  became  a  ques- 
tion now  whether  the  mob  or  the  police  force  should  go 
down. 

Dixon  was  a  police  officer  of  iron  nerve,  brave  and  as  per- 
fectly inflexible  in  the  discharge  of  his  duty  as  John  Bon- 
field.  He  was  born  in  Scotland,  in  1835,  his  mother  being 
a  native  of  that  country  and  his  father  an  Englishman.  The 
family  came  to  America,  and  to  Chicago  in  1836.  Young 
Dixon  attended  school  here,  his  first  teacher  being  a  man 
named  Murphy;  afterward  he  received  instruction  from 
Prof.  Tyler,  and  later  at  the  hands  of  A.  G.  Wilder,  attend- 
ing the  public  school  in  the  old  St.  James  Episcopal  church 
on  Cass  street.  As  he  approached  manhood  he  learned  the 
carpenter  trade,  (there  are  more  representatives  of  this  trade 
on  the  police  force  to-day  than  of  any  other,  many  of  the 
leading  officers  having  worked  at  the  bench).  He  was 
known  as  a  pretty  wild  young  fellow,  his  weakness  taking  the 
form  of  running  away  from  home.  He  shipped  on  the  lakes, 
worked  on  the  Mississippi,  and  had  seen  Memphis,  Boston, 
Philadelphia  and  New  York,  on  his  own  account,  before  he 
was  17  years  of  age.  In  1858,  under  Jacob  Rehm,  he  was  ap- 
j)ointed  complaint  clerk  in  the  city  marshal's  office,  held  the 
place  one  week  and  was  detailed  for  detective  duty.  He  re- 
mained under  Rehm,  doing  good  service  until  the  reorgani- 
zation of  the  force,  and  was  appointed  a  regular  detective  by 
the  board   of    police    commissioners.      When    Turtle    took 


188  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

charge  he  dropped  out.  and  remained  off  the'  force  until 
Rehm  again  assumed  command,  when  he  was  reappointed. 
He  was  made  assistant  or  deputy  superintendent  in  1874,  un- 
der Hickey,  and  remained  in  that  capacity  during  the  Colvin, 
Heath  and  seven  months  of  the  Harrison  administrations,  a 
part  of  the  time,  toward  the  close,  as  acting  superintendent, 
Superintendent  Seavey  being  too  ill  to  perform  his  duties. 
Upon  demanding  his  resignation,  Mr.  Harrison  intimated 
that  there  were  grave  charges  of  irregularity  against  Dixon, 
but  upon  being  called  upon  to  make  them  public,  he  refused 
to  do  so  and  declined  to  give  the  retiring  officer  any  satisfac- 
tion on  this  score.  It  was  generally  understood  that  the 
removal  was  the  result  entirely  of  political  causes.  After 
leaving  the  police  force  Mr.  Dixon  was  made  warden  of  the 
county  hospital.  While  acting  in  this  capacity,  he  was  ap- 
proached with  the  proposition  afterward  made  to  and  unfor- 
tunately accepted  by  McGarigle,  to  become  a  go-between  for 
the  county  commissioners  and  contractors.  Declining  to 
have  anything  to  do  with  the  crooked  transactions  of  the 
board,  a  conspiracy  was  hatched  to  get  rid  of  him.  Fred. 
Bipper,  who  afterward  had  a  hand  in  the  McGarigle  case,  it  is 
said,  was  one  of  the  leaders  in  this  movement  to  ruin  Dixon, 
and  a  fellow  named  Stevens,  who  had  sworn  to  frauds 
alleged  to  have  been  perpetrated  by  the  warden,  was  after- 
ward sentenced  to  the  penitentiary  for  perjury,  admitting  his 
guilt,  and  proving  to  the  satisfaction  of  Judge  Sidney 
Smith  and  State's  Attorney  Mills  that  Dixon  was  the  victim 
of  a  most  villainous  plot. 

Joseph  Dixon  did  much  toward  unravelling  the  celebrated 
La  Grange  murder  mystery,  and  fastened  the  crime  to  the 
satisfaction  of  all  but  the  jury  upon  Joseph  St.  Peters. 
Dixon  searched  until  he  traced  the  pistol  which  St.  Peters 
had  used  to  a  West  Side  pawn-shop,  and  from  this  weapon  he 
produced  perfect /ac  similes  of.  the  ball  which  had  entered  the 
heart  of  Alvina  Clark.  There  was  no  question  but  that  the 
unfaithful  wife  of  the  latter  and  St.  Peters  had  planned  and 


THE    lilOT    OF    "77.  189 

executed  the  murder.  The  murderer  was  able  to  prove  an 
alibi,  by  jumping  on  a  freight  train,  and  arriving  in  the  city 
only  a  short  time  after  the  murder  had  been  committed. 
Dixon  was  connected  with  the  hunting  down  of  the  Wal- 
wortli  (Wis.)  bank  robbers,  arresting  Joe  Brown  for  the 
crime,  after  a  desperate  struggle.  '"Buck"  Holbrook  was 
Brown's  pal,  and  Avas  afterw\ard  killed  at  Hennepin,  111. ;  he 
assisted  in  the  breaking  up  of  the  notorious  Stillwell  gang, 
at  AunaAvan,  111. ;  he  hunted  down  the  murderer  Zeigen- 
meyer,  and  cleared  up  the  mystery  of  William  Gumbleton's 
death,  necessitating  a  trip  to  Germany  and  the  display  of 
consummate  detective  and  diplomatic  ability,  all  the  sur- 
roundings and  circumstances  of  which  go  to  make  the  Zeig- 
enmeyer  case  one  of  the  most  remarkable  on  record;  he  as- 
sisted materially  in  suppressing  the  "bread  riot"  in  1872; 
he  was  engaged  in  the  celebrated  Julius  AVilche  case  ;  with 
Sam  Ellis  exposed  the  guilt  of  the  murderer  John  Biddle, 
following  him  to  Milwaukee ;  brought  the  diamond  robbers 
who  plundered  Giles  Brothers  to  justice;  helped  to  capture 
the  great  "  pepper  robber ;"  worked  up  the  Sherry  and  Con- 
nolly case;  had  a  hand  in  the  Race  murder  case,  and  has 
probably  sent  more  ruffians  to  the  penitentiary  than  any  sin- 
gle man  ever  connected  with  the  Chicago  police  department, 
Dixon  and  Ellis,  when  they  worked  together,  were  the  terror 
of  thieves  and  burglars,  forgers,  confidence  operators  and 
murderers ;  they  were  recognized  as  the  ablest  detectives  in 
the  West,  and  they  seldom  failed  in  any  of  their  under- 
takings. 

Superintendent  Hickey  was  an  Irishman  by  birth,  fairly 
well  educated,  intelligent  and  quick-witted.  He  entered  the 
force  in  1854,  and  displayed  such  ability  that  he  soon 
achieved  promotion.  Retiring  from  the  force  shortly  after- 
ward, he  became  a  police  justice,  which  position  he  filled  with 
credit,  and  he  re-entered  the  force  in  1861.  He  rose  to  a 
sergeantcy  and  then  to  a  captaincy,  and  w^as  recognized  as 
one  of  the  best  executive   officers  in  the  department.     On 


190  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

October  4,  1875,  he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  police 
by  Mayor  Colviu,  vice  Jacob  Relim  resigned,  and  the  same 
day  Joseph  Dixon  was  appointed  deputy  superintendent. 
Several  attempts  had  been  made  to  smirch  the  reputation  of 
Hickey,  the  most  bitter  was  during  Washburn's  superin- 
tendency,  when  he  resigned,  pending  an  investigation  of 
charges  of  corruption  brought  against  him.  The  board  of 
police  found  him  innocent,  and  ordered  his  reinstatement. 
Later  on,  similar  charges  were  brought  against  him  by 
the  McMullen  Brothers,  proprietors  of  an  evening  news- 
paper, the  Post  and  Mail,  but  he  was  again  vindicated,  and 
held  his  position  until  removed  by  Mayor  Harrison,  when 
Capt.  Seavey  was  appointed  iu  his  stead. 

Dixon  and  Hickey  had  always  pulled  together  harmoni- 
ously, and  each  expressed  the  greatest  respect  for  the  other. 
But  Dixon  saw  that  Hickey  was  being  influenced  by  the 
mayor,  and  was  making  a  mistake  in  the  management  of 
affairs  during  the  riot  of  '77.  As  soon  as  the  news  of  the 
Pittsburg  riot  reached  Chicago,  Dixon  called  upon  Captain 
Tobey  quietly,  and  induced  him  to  organize  a  battery,  which 
he  did,  with  one  gun,  using  an  express  wagon  for  a  caisson. 
Learning  that  there  were  one  hundred  stands  of  arms  stored 
in  McCormick's  hall  belonging  to  the  government,  he  sent 
Major  Heinzeman  (of  the  police  force)  and  Lieut.  Gerbing 
to  get  them.  They  reported  back  with  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  stands.  He  pushed  all  his  arrangements  in  the 
same  quiet  manner,  and  had  his  plans  laid  so  that  the  riot 
could  have  been  nipped  in  the  bud,  had  not  orders  been 
issued  that  no  arms  should  be  displayed  or  used.  The 
trouble  went  on  increasing  until  Thursday,  and  then  the 
deputy  superintendent  informed  his  chief  and  the  mayor 
that  it  was  suicidal  to  play  with  the  mob  any  longer.  Mount- 
ing a  horse — the  first  one  he  could  find — and  taking  with  him 
a  mixed  company  of  specials  and  regulars,  he  made  for  the 
South  Halsted  street  viaduct. 

Superintendent  Hickey's  report  tells  us  that  at  6  o'clock 


THE   EIOT    OF    "77.  101 

on  Tluirsday  morning  all  necessary  details  were  arranged, 
and  Captain  Seavey  was  ordered  to  detail  a  force  of  75  men 
to  patrol  tlio  lumber  district  and  sc^uthwest  portion  of 
the  city.  Aboat  8  o'clock  it  was  ascertained  that  a  large 
body  of  rioters  were  gathering  at  the  Sixteenth  street  via- 
duct, on  Halsted  street.  Sergeant  Ryan  and  Officer  Ward, 
in  command  of  25  men  each,  were  patroling  this  vicinity 
and  went  to  disperse  them,  which  was  easily  done,  and  the 
police  marched  in  the  direction  of  the  lumber  district  and 
the  Eighteenth  street  bridge.  Shortly  after  this  the  mob 
again  commenced  to  assemble  at  the  viaduct,  and  a  squad 
of  police  was  sent  to  disperse  them.  Upon  the  appearance 
of  the  police  the  mob  yelled,  commenced  throwing  stones, 
etc.  It  soon  became  warm  in  the  vicinity,  for  the  police 
returned  the  fire.  The  mob  made  a  movement  as  if  to  over- 
whelm the  police,  but  the  blue -coats  made  a  bold  stand  and 
several  rioters  were  punctured  with  cold  lead.  The  firing 
on  both  sides  was  continuous  for  some  time,  and  the  police, 
having  exhausted  their  supply  of  cartridges,  retired  slowly 
and  in  good  order.  Pteinforcements  arrived  from  the 
Twelfth  street  station,  about  25  men,  but  soon  after  the 
information  came  that  this  force,  all  told,  was  insufficient 
to  cope  with  the  mob,  which  was  gaining  in  stiength  every 
moment.  Captain  Seavey  was  ordered  to  the  front  with  all 
liis  available  force,  and  instructions  were  sent  him  to  show 
the  rioters  no  mercy,  but  to  hold  his  ground,  and  that  rein- 
forcements to  any  extent  were  coming  to  his  assistance. 
Captain  O'Donnell  was  also  ordered  to  send  all  his  available 
force  to  report  to  him  (Seavey),  and  50  men  from  the 
fourth  precinct,  in  command  of  Lieut.  Bishoif,  and  50  from 
the  Central  station,  in  command  of  Sergeant  Brennan,  were 
also  sent  to  the  scene  of  disturbance. 

When  the  combined  force  advanced  on  the  mob  again, 
every  policeman  in  the  ranks  seemed  determined  to  make  the 
rioters  feel  that  matters  had  become  serious.  They  moved 
in  a  solid  column,  taking  in  the  entire  width  of  the  street, 


192  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

and  sweeping  everything  before  them.  The  rioters  jumped 
over  fences,  sneaked  away  througli  back  yards  and  alleys, 
and  in  less  than  five  minutes  the  field  was  in  possession  of 
the  lawful  authorities. 

It  was  evident  from  the  opening  that  the  territory  be- 
tween Canalport  avenue  and  the  viaduct  was  to  be  the  scene 
of  nearly  all  the  rioting  of  the  day,  as  there  was  a  very 
vicious  gang  of  boys  ajid  young  men  in  that  neighborhood, 
and  as  there  were  rumors  that  a  crowd  from  the  stock  yards 
intended  coming  down  to  their  assistance,  it  became  neces- 
sary to  consolidate  a  large  force  of  police  and  military  in 
the  vicinity.  Deputy  Superintendent  Dixon  was  on  the 
ground  giving  instructions  to  the  captains,  lieutenants  and 
men,  and  personally  supervising  every  movement.  He  im- 
pressed upon  the  officers  the  necessity  of  keeping  cool,  and 
of  shooting  to  hit  every  time  "There  must  be  no  firing- 
over  the  heads  of  the  mob  to-day,"  he  cried,  "  we've  got  to 
crush  out  the  riot  to-day,  or  the  riot  will  crush  us  out  to- 
morrow.     Are  you  ready?     March!" 

Two  cavalry  companies  were  the  first  to  arrive  as  a  sup- 
port for  the  police,  and  these  were  followed  by  the  second 
regiment,  at  the  time  composed  almost  entirely  of  young 
Irish-Americans.  The  regiment  turned  out  about  300 
strong  and  was  under  command  of  Col.  Quirk.  It  was  un- 
derstood that  the  military  were  simply  to  look  on  and  see 
the  policemen  do  the  work,  the  intention  being  not  to  inter- 
fere unless  the  regular  peace  preservers  were  driven  to  the 
wall.  The  mayor  had  also  given  the  state  soldiery  to  under- 
stand that  should  they  ojien  fire,  they  must  direct  their  aim 
above  the  heads  of  the  rioters.  Col.  Quirk's  position  was 
at  once  delicate,  dangerous  and  awkward.  His  command  in 
reality  was  under  the  protection  of  the  police,  and  when  the 
latter  were  off  on  a  charge,  or  compelled  to  retreat  up  or 
down  a  side  street,  his  men  were  pelted  with  stones  and 
fired  fit  from  pistols  in  the  hands  of  the  mob.  Two  ten- 
pound  guns  ruaiined  ])y  firemen  and  citizens  were  placed  be- 


THE    KIOT    OF    '77.  I'.l3 

tween  two  companies  of  the  regiment,  the  intention  being  to 
fire  grape  and  canister  into  the  mob  if  everything  else 
failed. 

The  entire  military  reserve  halted  at  Twelfth  and  Hal- 
sted  streets  for  a  rest.  In  the  meantime  two  squads  of  po- 
lice and  the  cavalry  patrolled  Halsted  street  as  far  as  the 
viaduct.  There  was  a  large  gathering  of  people  just  north 
of  the  railroad  track  on  Jefferson  and  Union  streets,  but 
they  offered  no  violence  to  any  property,  although  many  of 
them  were  strikers.  The  police  started  in  that  direction,  but 
came  back  and  marched  across  the  viaduct,  followed  by  the 
cavalry,  going  out  to  the  bridge  over  the  South  Branch,  to 
meet  a  mob  from  the  stock  yards  and  Bridgeport.  Then 
the  officers  and  soldiers  marched  back  to  the  viaduct  where 
the  crowd  would  persist  in  taking  possession  of  the  south 
approach.  The  structure  was  cleared  once  more,  and  the 
police  kept  on  up  the  street,  being  assaulted  with  stones  now 
and  then,  to  which  little  or  no  attention  was  paid.  Between 
nearly  all  the  houses  on  South  Halsted  street  there  were  nar- 
row openings  or  private  passages,  and  in  these  boys,  young 
men  and  sometimes  middle-aged  men,  concealed  themselves 
and  threw  stones  at  the  policemen  as  they  passed,  immedi- 
ately disappearing  through  the  back  yards. 

The  skirmishes  on  the  viaduct  and  on  the  bridge  only 
brought  from  the  South  and  upper  portion  of  the  West  Side 
crowds  who  flocked  through  mere  idle  curiosity  to  tho  via- 
duct. The  viaduct  was  the  center  of  interest,  because  it 
spanned  the  tracks  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
railroad,  the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad  and  other  lines,  and 
below  were  hundreds  of  cars,  dozens  of  locomotives  and  the 
army  of  railroad  strikers.  From  this  point  a  general  survey 
of  the  railroad  tracks  could  be  taken,  and  as  every  attempt  of 
the  companies  to  move  a  car  was  frustrated  by  the  strikers, 
the  mob  on  the  viaduct  cheered.  From  this  point,  also,  pas- 
senger trains,  which  now  and  then  succeeded  in  running  the 
gauntlet,  were  stoned  and  the  windows  smashed.    Many  pas- 


v.)  L  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

sengers,  mostly  suburban  residents,  were  injured  by  being 
struck  with  stones  or  splintered  glass  while  passing  the  via- 
duct. 

Su[)erintendent  Hickey  arrived  on  the  ground  early,  and 
apparently  throwing  off  all  restraint,  went  into  the  fight 
with  the  same  determination  that  inspired  Dixon  and  the 
other  officers.  The  superintendent  was  an  eye  Avitness  of 
the  exciting  scenes  which  took  place  on  Halsted  street  that 
day,  and  he  has  given  us  a  vivid  picture  of  the  struggle  for 
supremacy  between  the  police  and  the  rioters.  When  the 
superintendent  arrived  on  the  scene  he  had  at  his  command, 
and  practically  subject  to  his  orders,  the  first  regiment, 
under  Col.  W.  T.  Sherer,  the  second  regiment,  under  Col. 
James  Quirk,  both  under  the  immediate  command  of  Gen. 
Joseph  T.  Torrence ;  two  six-pound  guns,  ready  for  action, 
in  command  of  Col.  Bolton  and  Capt.  Tobey;  two  companies 
of  cavalry,  and  350  policemen,  regulars  and  specials.  Upon 
the  arrival  of  the  military  reinforcements  the  police  were 
well  nigh  exhausted,  and  although  they  were  in  possession 
of  the  viaduct,  the  disorderly  crowd  was  by  no  means  dis- 
persed, for  Halsted  street  from  Twelfth  street  to  Archer 
avenue  was  densely  packed.  The  curiosity-seekers  swelled 
the  crowd  to  immense  proportions,  and  made  the  task  of 
preserving  order  doubly  difficult  for  the  police.  Many  in- 
nocent persons,  as  usual,  were  clubbed  severely,  and  some 
were  shot,  but  the  general  opinion  was  that  they  deserved 
all  the  punishment  they  received. 

After  the  collision  on  the  viaduct  the  police  advanced 
south  on  Halsted  street,  dispersing  the  crowd  as  they  went, 
A  mob  had  started  from  the  packing  houses  at  the  stock  yards 
at  an  early  hour,  intending  to  cause  a  strike  at  the  rolling 
mills  and  march  to  the  assistance  of  the  mob  at  the  viaduct, 
as  before  stated,  but  the  laborers  at  the  rolling  mills  refused 
to  go  out.  From  this  point  the  mob  started  northeast  on 
Archer  avenue,  evidently  intending  to  join  the  crowd  ou 
Halsted  street,  but  when  they  reached  the  bridge  the  police 


THE    IIIOT    OF    '77.  11)5 

met  them,  and  here  occurred  another  desperate  struggle^ 
An  attack  was  made  upon  the  police  and  military  and  citizen 
cavalry  by  the  rioters,  who  used  stones  and  revolvers  pretty 
freely.  Three  platoons  of  policemen,  in  charge  of  Lieuts. 
Hood,  Carberry  and  Bishoff,  were  ordered  to  cross  the 
bridge  for  the  purpose  of  cutting  off  the  stock  yards  crowd. 
As  soon  as  the  police  arrived  they  immediately  became  lost 
to  sight  in  the  dense  concourse  of  rioters.  At  this  moment 
some  villain  had  swung  the  bridge  to  prevent  additional 
forces  from  crossing,  and  this  separated  the  policemen  who 
had  already  crossed  from  their  comrades.  At  this  juncture, 
while  the  fight  was  raging  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  and 
amidst  a  shower  of  bullets  and  stones,  a  little  hero  named 
James  O'Neill,  not  over  eleven  years  of  age,  came  to  the 
rescue  in  a  manner  that  at  once  astonished  the  spectators 
and  elicited  the  cheers  of  the  policemen  and  many  of  their 
enemies.  He  had  been  left  on  the  bridge  when  it  was 
swung  open,  and  the  levers  being  in  place  when  aban- 
doned by  the  miscreant  who  had  turned  the  draw,  the  little 
fellow,  putting  forth  almost  the  strength  of  a  full-grown 
man,  swung  the  bridge  into  position,  and  thereby  allowed 
the  reinforcements  to  pass  over.  The  men  who  had  been 
waiting  with  impatience  on  the  north  abutment  charged 
across  impetuously,  using  their  revolvers  with  deadly  effect 
and  rescuing  their  isolated  companions  from  their  perilous 
position.  So  warm  was  the  execution  here  that  the  mob  be- 
came panic-stricken,  soon  scattered,  and  fled  pell-mell  before 
the  blue-coatc,  who  fired  a  perfect  hailstorm  of  bullets  into 
the  retreating  rabble,  and  hammered  the  heads  and  shoulders 
of  the  lagging  ones  with  their  batons  and  revolver  stocks. 

Deputy  Superintendent  Dixon .  had  taken  command  in 
the  southwest  portion  of  the  city  by  this  time.  Upon  his 
arrival  at  Twelfth  street  station  he  found  the  wildest  excite- 
ment prevailing  in  the  vicinity.  The  cells  were  filled  with 
prisoners  of  war,  just  brought  in ;  the  corpse  of  one  rioter 
was  lying  rigid  upon  the  floor,  and  another  was  breathing 


196  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

his  last  close  by.  The  station  was  surrounded  by  an  im- 
mense crowd  of  men,  women  and  childi-en.  Rumors  had 
been  circulated  to  the  effect  that  several  hundred  rioters  had 
been  killed,  and  the  wives  of  many  of  the  men  engaged  in 
the  riot  were  already  bewailing  the  supposed  deaths  of  their 
husbands.  Dixon  telegraphed  for  assistance  for  the  protec- 
tion of  the  station  and  the  removal  of  the  prisoners.  Lieut. 
McGarigle  soon  arrived  with  a  squad  of  men  and  omnibuses 
for  the  purpose  named,  and  soon  the  captured  rioters  were 
locked  up  in  safer  quarters. 

The  deputy  superintendent  then  proceeded  to  the  front, 
and  finding  the  police  almost  out  of  ammunition  made  ar- 
rangements for  supplying  them,  then  continued  south  on 
Twenty-second  street,  to  where  the  police  and  second  regi- 
ment were  stationed.  Nothing  of  importance  occurred  until 
they  arrived  at  the  corner  of  Archer  avenue  and  Halsted 
street,  where  there  was  a  large  crowd  of  rioters.  Dixon 
ordered  that  these  be  dispersed,  and  his  order  was  speedily 
executed.  After  resting  a  few  minutes  the  police  and  mili- 
tary marched  south,  the  latter  being  defended,  front  and 
rear,  by  blue-coats.  The  police  in  the  rear  of  this  column 
was  again  attacked  by  the  mob,  when  Dixon  ordered  Lieu- 
tenant Bishoff  from  front  to  rear,  in  order  to  support  Lieu- 
tenant Carberry,  whose  command  was  suffering  from  the 
attack.  There  was  a  desperate  conflict  for  a  few  minutes, 
when  the  rioters  broke  and  fled.  By  this  time  Gen.  Torrence 
had  taken  personal  command  of  the  military,  but  he  was 
able  to  announce  almost  immediately  after  his  arrival  that 
the  back-bone  of  the  riot  was  broken. 

There  were  skirmishes,  running  fights,  charges,  retreats, 
engagements  without  number  throughout  the  day,  and  the 
policemen  M-ere  almost  exhausted.  A  little  more  of  the  in- 
cessant labor  which  had  been  imposed  upon  them  and  tliey 
would  have  been  compelled  to  abandon  the  fight  to  the  mili- 
tary. Luckily,  however,  this  was  not  necessary,  and  al- 
though the  militia  were  ready  for  any  emergency,  and   con- 


R.  A.  SHEPPERD, 
Lieut.  Comdg.  Hinttian  St.  District. 


THE  HOT  OF  '77.  197 

ducted  themselves  more  like  veterans  than  vohmteers,  no 
emergency  which  called  for  harsher  methods  than  those 
practiced  by  the  police  arose  that  day  or  afterward. 

Early  in  the  day  and  while  the  trouble  was  progressing 
at  the  viaduct,  a  meeting  of  communists  was  held  in  Vor- 
waert's  Turner  Hall,  on  West  Twelfth  street.  A  mob  soon 
began  to  gather  in  this  vicinity,  crowding  the  sidewalks, 
jfilling  the  streets,  and  creating  the  greatest  disturbance  and 
alarm  in  the  neighborhood.  Poles  and  Bohemians  wore 
there  in  large  numbers,  and  the  wildest  threats  were  made. 
The  hall  was  packed  and  demagogues  were  endeavoring  to 
excite  the  mob  to  the  fighting  pitch.  The  vilest  epithets 
were  hurled  at  the  police  and  city  authorities,  and  the  direst 
vengeance  was  promised  before  the  troubles  ceased.  Just 
about  10  a.  m.  a  detachment  of  regular  and  special  police- 
men, who  had  been  detailed  at  Harrison  street  station  for 
duty  in  the  neighborhood  of  Halsted  and  Sixteenth  streets, 
marched  across  the  Twelfth  street  bridge  on  their  way  to  the 
West  Twelfth  street  station.  The  force  numbered  about  25 
men.  As  they  neared  the  crowd,  the  howling  and  hooting 
were  renewed  and  the  mob  drawing  itself  up  into  a  dense 
body  on  the  sidewalk  in  front  of  the  hall,  opened  on  the 
squad  a  shower  of  stones  and  other  missiles.  The  police 
stood  the  attack  for  a  few  minutes,  but  the  stones  fell  thicker 
and  faster,  until  the  forbearance  of  the  policemen  Avas 
stretched  to  its  utmost  limits.  A  charge  was  ordered  and 
the  policemen  turned  upon  the  mob  with  their  clubs,  strik- 
ing right  and  left,  and  breaking  a  large  number  of  heads 
and  limbs  in  a  very  few  minutes.  Outside  the  station,  about 
a  block  and  a  half  from  the  scene  of  conflict,  were  about 
a  score  of  police  in  wagons.  They  were  awaiting  orders 
from  headquarters.  Seeing  the  trouble  at  Turner  Hall  they 
immediately  came  to  the  assistance  of  the  fighting  squad, 
and  taking  the  crowd  of  rioters  in  the  rear  soon  forced  their 
way  through  until  they  formed  connections  with  the  Harrison 
street  detail.     Officer  Ryan  was  in  command  of  the  attacking 


198  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

party,  and  Sergeant  Brennan  commanded  the  reinforcements. 
Tlie  mob  inside  the  hall  now  commenced  to  discharge  pistols 
and  to  throw  stoves,  chairs  and  other  articles  of  furniture 
thi'ough  the  windows.  Special  Policemen  Ladacher  and 
Shimly  were  badly  injured,  the  former  by  a  pistol  ball,  the 
latter  by  a  falling  chair.  Brennan  and  Ryan,  uniting  their 
forces,  entered  the  hall,  and  caused  one  of  the  most  exciting 
stampedes  ever  witnessed.  The  occupants  fairly  walked 
over,  or  rather  rolled  over  each  other  into  the  street.  Many 
were  badly  injured,  a  number  fatally,  it  was  supposed,  and 
the  crowd  was  taught  a  lesson  that  kept  them  quiet  for  the 
remainder  of  the  day. 

As  was  generally  believed  on  Thursday  night  the  mob 
was  cowed.  There  were  but  few  disturbances  Friday.  The 
stations  were  overflowing  with  prisoners.  The  hospitals 
were  filled  with  the  Avounded.  The  undertakers  were  kept 
very  busy  in  the  socialistic  headquarters  for  a  month  after- 
ward. The  strike  was  over.  Business  was  speedily  resumed, 
and  by  Saturday  the  city  was  quieter  than  it  had  been  for 
years.  There  were  no  strikes  and  no  talk  of  strikes.  There 
were  no  socialistic  or  communistic  meetings.  The  great 
railroad  strike  was  really  the  turning  point  from  bad  to  good 
times.  Business  began  to  improve  and  a  period  of  prosper- 
ity, which  healed  up  old  sores  and  veiled  the  past  from  view, 
66  L  in.  The  capitalists  and  merchants  of  Chicago  saw  for 
the  first  time  the  danger  which  threatened  them  from  great 
uprisings  of  this  kind.  The  regiments  were  better  treated. 
Armories  were  built.  Deputy  Superintendent  Dixon 
raised  money  which  was  used  in  supplying  every  sta- 
tion in  the  city  with  muskets.  A  military  spirit  per- 
vaded the  people.  The  police  was  re-organized  on  a  mil- 
itary basis.  The  superintendent  became  a  colonel,  and 
wore  shoulder  straps.  The  deputy  superintendent  be- 
came a  lieutenant-colonel,  and  also  wore  shoulder  straps. 
The  captains  and  lieutenants  wore  shoulder  straps.  Eveiy 
man  on  the  force  hoped  that  some  day  in  the  future  he  would 


THE    RIOT    OF    '77.  199 

wear  a  shoulder  strap.  The  shoulder  straps  were  ridiculed, 
but  the  result  of  all  this  so-called  military  ailectatiou  was 
soon  manifest.  The  discipline  of  the  force  became  almost 
perfect ;  the  men  were  drilled  regularly ;  they  were  taught 
to  handle  guns,  to  form  in  hollow  squares,  to  go  through  the 
street-fight  maneuvers,  and  to  bear  themselves  like  soldiers. 
But  the  newspapers  would  not  tolerate  the  military  idea. 
They  continued  to  ridicule  it.  The  public  was  not  pleased 
with  it.  Finally,  when  Colonel  Hickey  went  out,  the  title 
went  out  with  him;  Captain  Seavey  became  plain  general 
superintendent  and  Joseph  Dixon  did  his  lieutenant-colonelcy 
up  in  a  brown  paper  parcel,  with  his  shoulder  straps,  and 
became  once  more  a  common  deputy  superintendent. 

The  number  killed  in  the  riot  has  been  variously  stated 
at  from  twenty  to  thirty -five.  That  many  died  of  their  in- 
juries is  certain.  The  number  injured,  more  or  less  seriously, 
was  about  two  hundred.  The  police  escaped  remarkably 
well,  considering  the  close  quarters  in  which  they  were  fre- 
quently placed,  and  the  brutal  assaults  made  upon  them. 
Aside  from  those  mentioned  in  connection  with  the  round 
house  fight,  the  following  were  wounded:  Patrolman  Fitch 
A.  Taylor,  second  precinct,  wounded  by  a  bullet;  Patrolman 
Michael  Keeley,  second  precinct,  wounded  by  a  bullet; 
Lieutenant  Carberry,  first  precinct,  cut  in  the  forehead  by  a 
stone.  The  policemen  suffered  more  or  less  from  bruises 
inflicted  by  stones  and  other  missiles,  but  they  suffered  more 
from  fatigue  than  from  any  other  cause.  Many  of  them 
had  been  without  sleep  for  thirty-six  hours;  others  were 
marched  around  without  food  until  they  became  completely 
exhausted;  several  of  them  never  recovered  from  the  hard- 
ships of  the  campaign  on  South  Halsted  street. 

There  were  about  300  of  the  rioters  arrested  during  the 
disturbances;  a  number  of  them  were  placed  under  bonds 
for  appearance  before  the  Criminal  Court,  but  the  disposition 
to  keep  the  matter  before  the  public  languished,  and  little 
by  little  all  proceedings  were  dropped. 


200  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

It  was  in  describing  the  fight  on  the  South  HalstecT 
street  viaduct  that  the  late  Stanley  Huntley,  at  that  time  a 
reporter  on  the  Tribune,  and  now  widely  remembered  as  the 
author  of  the  side-splitting  "Spoopendyke  Papers,"  used  the 
expression,  "And  the  pale  air  was  streaked  with  blood."'  The 
connection  in  which  it  was  used  is  as  foUoAvs:  Huntley  had 
been  captured  by  the  mob  and  re-captured  by  Gen.  Torrence's 
command.  Mounted  upon  a  street-car  horse,  kindly  fur- 
nished him  for  the  occasion,  he  takes  in  the  situation.  This 
description  is,  of  course,  exaggerated,  partly  imaginative, 
and  satirical: 

From  the  viaduct  south  the  avenue  was  crowded  with  roughs.  They 
poured  in  from  the  side  streets,  their  hands  full  of  stones.  The  pohce 
met  them,  head  on.  The  sickening  crash  of  clubs  followed,  and  the  pale 
air  was  streaked  with  blood.  Huge,  bloated  women  at  the  windows 
yelled  encouragement  and  defiance.  Pistol  balls  shrieked  as  they  flew. 
The  clash  of  sabers  and  the  shouts  of  maddened  men  made  the  hot  air 
hideous.  Horses  were  spurred  into  the  mob  and  swords  rose  and  fell 
with  cruel  significance.  Alleys  were  gutted  of  molten  masses  of  enraged 
humanity.  Great  massive  blows  fell  on  their  passion-stained  faces  and 
tore  the  rage  out  of  them.  Shrinking  figures  darted  behind  boxes  and 
fired  upon  the  cavalry.  The  prisoners  shrieked  for  rescue  and  sank 
groaning  in  the  wagons  under  the  cut  of  clubs.  Stones  rattled  on  the 
streets  and  tracks,  and  from  the  windows  came  showers  of  missiles.  It 
was  clear  that  the  trouble  was  at  hand.  A  volcanic  mob  pressed  the 
trooiJS  from  behind.  A  sea  of  human  lava  blocked  its  way  in  front. 
The  cavalry  was  divided,  one  company  charging  in  the  rear  and  another 
hurrying  forward  to  assist  the  overworn  police.  Down  the  side  streets 
they  charged,  the  flash  of  pistols  in  their  faces,  and  the  air  they  bre<ithed 
dusty  with  stones.  *  *  *  "jhe  reporter  desires  to  say  a  kind  word  for 
his  horse.  It  was  a  car  horse.  Whenever  a  bell  or  a  clock  struck  the  rider 
waited  patiently  for  another  bell  or  clock,  and  then  the  horse  started  on 
again.  Whenever  a  rioter  raised  his  fist  or  stick,  the  horse  went  to  the 
opposite  side  of  the  street  and  pulled  up.  The  reporter  remonstrated 
once,  but  the  horse  turned  aroimd  and  bit  the  rider's  leg.  He  was  a 
good  horse,  but  he  was  inexperienced  in  mobs. 

The  Chicago  Daily  News  was,  in  the  summer  of  1877, 
a  quarter -sheet,  five-column  paper,  little  larger  than  a  hand- 
bill. It  had  been  struggling  for  about  18  mouths  to  main- 
tain itself  against  its  older,  wealthier  and  more  pretentious 
rivals  in  the   evening  field   of  journalism,   but  with  only 


Scene  Below  Viadi 


THE    RIOT    OF    '77.  201 

partial  success.  It  was  the  pioneer  here  of  that  species  of 
newspaper  which  since  then  has  prospered  in  every  part  of 
the  country.  But  there  was  no  long  felt  want  for  it  in  Chi- 
cago ;  the  style  of  journalism  which  it  introduced  had  never 
been  craved  for  here.  It  summarized,  epitomized  and  crys- 
tallized the  news  of  the  day,  generally  giving  a  line  where 
its  contemporaries  would  give  ten.  Up  to  the  outbreak  of 
the  riot  it  had  no  opportunity  of  making  itself  felt.  On 
the  Sunday  of  the  Pittsburg  riot  it  issued  hourly  "extras." 
It  continued  to  issue  "extras"  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and 
night  during  the  week.  From  a  circulation  of  about  six 
thousand  it  advanced  in  a  single  day  to  over  90,000.  Before 
the  troubles  blew  over  they  had  blown  the  Daily  News  into 
popularity  and  prosperity.  The  penny  paper  had  distanced 
its  evening  rivals  in  the  art  of  news  gathering,  and  its 
position  for  all  time  was  secure.  The  sudden  rise  of  the 
Daily  News  frcfm  obscurity  to  prosperity,  may  be  referred 
to  as  one  of  the  incidents  of  the  riot  of  '77. 


18 


202  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 


CHAPTER    XI. 

EFFECT  OF  THE  RIOT  OF  '77  ON  POPULAR  OPINION  REGARDING  THE 
POLICE  FORCE  — TRYING  TO  GET  AN  INCREASE  — SUPERINTENDENT 
SEAVEY'S  BRIEF  CAREER  AND  UNTIMELY  DEATH— SIMON  O'DONNELL 
AS  CHIEF— WHAT  HE  IS  CREDITED  WITH-McGARIGLE  TAKES  HOLD— 
HIS  MANAGEMENT  AND  UNFORTUNATE  MISTAKE-AUSTIN  J.  DOYLE'S 
ADMINISTRATION— THE  PATROL  SERVICE— INCREASE  OF  THE  FORCE- 
FREDERICK   EBERSOLD   AND  JOHN  BONFIELD   STEP   UP   HIGHER. 

Some  good  results  followed  the  riot  of  '77.  As  already 
stated,  the  military  organizations  of  the  city  received  more 
attention  than  ever  before,  and  more  liberal  contributions. 
But  of  more  interest  to  us  is  the  fact  that  the  Chicago  po- 
liceman ceased  to  be  looked  upon  as  a  mere  uniformed  idler 
from  that  time  on.  The  policeman  did  not  stand  high  in 
popular  esteem  previous  to  this  time.  There  were  individ- 
iials  on  the  force  at  all  times  who  were  respected  and  ad- 
mired for  the  faithfulness  and  efficiency  with  which  they  dis- 
charged certain  duties,  but  this  did  not  hinder  the  public 
from  looking  upon  the  average  blue-coat  as  barnacle  and  a 
nuisance.  He  was  only  tolerated  because  there  still  re- 
mained a  doubt  as  to  the  wisdom  of  trying  to  get  on  without 
him.  Nothing:  could  be  more  indicative  of  this  sentiment 
than  the  frequency  with  which  propositions  to  lower  the  sal- 
aries of  police  officers  came  up  in  the  city  council,  and  the 
language  used  by  aldermen  in  reference  to  the  force  when 
these  propositions  were  debated.  Looking  over  the  printed 
reports  of  these  meetings  now,  we  find  some  rather  bitter 
criticisms  that  came  from  the  mouths  of  city  fathers  who 
have  since  patted  the  police  force  on  the  head,  so  to  speak, 
and  pronounced  it  the  finest  in  the  world.  The  truth  is,  that 
after  the  fire  there  was  so  much  crime,  there  were  so  many 
outrages  committed  in  this  city  in  spite  of  the  police  serv- 
ice, that  all  confidence  in  them,  if  any  had  existed  before, 


FROM  SEAVEY  TO  EBEESOLD.  203 

was  tlyiug  out.  But  no  sucli  force  as  Chicago  had  foi  sev- 
eral years  after  the  fire  was  competent  to  protect  tlie  livea 
and  property  of  the  people.  The  police  did  the  very  best 
they  could,  but  there  was  a  limit  to  the  territory  which  one 
man  could  patrol,  and  a  limit  to  his  endurance.  In  a  word, 
there  were  not  men  enough  to  cover  one-third  of  the  area 
mapped  out  for  police  inspection,  and  protection. 

The  manner  in  which  the  force  conducted  itself  during 
the  riot  won  for  it  the  highest  public  commendation,  and 
this  is  reflected  very  strongly  in  the  press.  "The  police, 
both  regular  and  special."  said  one  evening  paper  on  July 
28,  1877,  "proved  themselves  brave,  resolute,  earnest  and. 
strong  for  the  cause  of  good  order,  both  officers  and  men. 
The  next  man  who  tries  to  cut  down  the  number  or  pay  of 
the  force  will  be  laughed  at  by  the  council." 

The  experiences  of  the  week  had  taught  all  good  citizens 
likewise  that  mobs  should  not  be  played  with  for  a  single 
instant.  The  Tribune,  which  was  a  warm  and  devoted  friend 
of  Mayor  Heath,  was  constrained  to  print  the  following  on 
Saturday  of  riot  week: 

The  mob  riots  were  suppressed  on  Thursday.  They  ought  to  have 
been  extinguished  on  Tuesday  and  they  would  have  been  if  the  mayor 
had  permitted  the  police  to  attack  them  and  had  promptly  called  out  the 
two  city  regiments  to  aid  them.  But  he  did  neither,  but  gave  up  the 
town  to  roviiig  vagabonds  during  the  entire  day  and  night,  not  even 
guarding  the  water-works  or  gas-works.  Tuesday  the  police  fired  blank 
cartridges,  and  little  or  no  headway  was  made  against  the  increasing  em- 
boldened mobs.  Wednesday  the  police  fired  high  and  very  few  cut-throats 
were  hurt.  Thursday  the  police  concluded  to  end  the  foolishness  about 
blank  cartridges  and  high  firing  and  began  to  do  a  little  low  firing.  It 
had  a  most  admirable  effect  on  the  mobs  and  convinced  them  that  the 
police  were  at  last  in  earnest  and  meant  business.  Thereiipon  the  mobs 
dispersed.  Had  the  police  been  ordered  out  promptly  on  Tuesday  with 
orders  to  commence  work  with  low  firing,  fewer  would  have  been  hurt 
than  were,  and  the  city  would  have  been  saved  the  disgrace  of  three  days' 
rule  of  the  commune. 

The  United  States  regulars  were  not  called  upon  to   act, 

but  their  presence  in  the  city  had   a  most  quieting  effect 

upon    the  mobs,  while    from  the  moment  of  their    arrival 


204  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

public  confidence  began  to  rise.      There  was  no  question  in 

anybody's  mind  but  that  these  regulars  would  have  mowed 

dowii  the  communistic  mobs  in  short  order.      Fortunately, 

however,  the  "low  firing"  of  the  police  made  their  presence 

in  the  struggle  unnecessary. 

In  his  annual  report  for  1877,    Superintendent  Hickey 

had  the  following: 

I  trust  it  will  be  considered  pardonable  for  me  also  to  say  a  word  in 
behalf  of  the  police  for  their  bravery,  endurance,  good  judgment  and 
strict  attention  to  duty  in  this  emergency.  All  will  bear  witness  to  the 
fact  that  not  one  of  them  flinched  or  showed  any  indication  of  shirking 
duty  at  any  time,  but  fought  twenty  times  their  numbers,  although 
almost  exhausted  from  incessant  work,  and  marching  from  place  to  place 
throughout  the  city  for  four  days  and  nights,  anl  having  little  or  no  rest 
during  that  time. 

Captains  O'Donnell,  Seavey  and  Johnson,  Lieutenants 
Callahan,  Vesey,  Carberry.  Bishoff,  Bell,  Ebersold,  Blettner, 
Simmons,  Hood,  Baus,  Gerbing  and  Hathaway,  and  Ser- 
geants Ward  and  Brennan,  won  personal  distinction  during 
these  troubles.  The  North  Side  police,  under  Capt.  Gund, 
had  very  little  opportunity  of  displaying  their  valor. 

Superintendent  Hickey,  at  the  close  of  the  year,  appealed 
to  the  city  council  for  a  considerable  increase  in  the  force. 
At  this  time  there  were  connected  with  the  service  one 
general  superintendent,  one  deputy  superintendent,  four 
captains,  eighteen  lieutenants,  eleven  sergeants  and  four 
hundi-ed  and  eighty-one  patrolmen,  distributed  as  follows: 
At  headquarters,  two  lieutenants,  one  sergeant  and  fifty- 
three  men;  at  Harrison  street,  one  captain,  two  lieutenants 
and  sixty -four  men;  at  Twenty-second  street,  one  lieuten- 
ant, one  sergeant  and  forty-one  men ;  at  Cottage  Grove,  one 
lieutenant,  one  sergeant  and  twenty-nine  men;  at  Deering 
street,  one  lieutenant,  one  sergeant  and  eighteen  men;  at 
Union  street,  one  captain,  two  lieutenants  and  seventy -four 
men;  at  West  Twelfth  street,  one  lieutenant,  one  sergeant 
and  forty-four  men;  at  Hinman  street,  one  lieutenant,  one 
sergeant,  and  twenty-three  men;  at  West  Chicago  avenue, 


FROM  SEAVEY  TO  EBERSOLD.  205 

one  captain,  one  lieutenant  and  twenty -two  men;  at  West 
Lake  street,  one  lieutenant,  one  sergeant  and  thirty  men;  at 
Kawson  street,  one  lieutenant,  one  sergeant  and  thirteen 
men;  at  Chicago  avenue  (East),  one  captain,  two  lieuteu-^ 
ants  and  forty-two  men ;  at  Webster  avenue,  one  lieutenant, 
one  sergeant  and  eleven  men;  at  Larrabee  street,  one  lieu- 
tenant, one  sergeant  and  seventeen  men. 

Capt.  V.  A.  Seavey  succeeded  to  the  general  superin- 
tendency  in  1878,  vice  M.  C.  Hickey,  removed.  Deputy 
Superintendent  Dixon  remained,  however.  The  new  super- 
intendent had  distinguished  himself  in  the  riots,  and  was 
generally  popular.  The  appointment,  coming  shortly  after 
the  accession  of  Carter  H.  Harrison  to  the  mayoralty,  took 
him  someAvhat  by  surprise,  and  he  displayed  commendable 
modesty  in  assuming  his  new  position.  For  the  superstitious 
there  is  something  of  interest  connected  with  poor  Seavey's 
entrance  upon  the  duties  of  superintendent.  With  the  idea 
of  avoiding  all  appearance  of  display,  he  drove  over  from 
the  West  Side  in  a  buggy,  and,  tying  his  horse  in  the  alley 
known  as  Quincy  street,  in  the  rear  of  the  old  Kookery,  he 
entered  police  headquarters  through  an  open  window,  which 
extended  from  the  grountl  almost  to  the  ceiling.  "My  God, 
Seavey!"'  said  a  local  politician  who  was  present,  as  the  new 
chief  entered  in  this  unceremonious  fashion,  "why  did 
you  come  in  that  way  ?  Don't  you  knoAv  it  will  bring  you  bad 
luck*?  It  means  death!"  Seavey  only  laughed,  sat  down 
at  his  desk,  and  took  up  the  business  of  the  department,  as 
though  he  had  been  superintendent  all  his  life.  In  May, 
1879,  he  was  attacked  by  a  complication  of  physical  diseases, 
all  resulting,  as  it  afterward  proved,  from  Bright' s  disease 
of  the  kidneys ;  he  left  the  city  on  a  furlough  on  June  3rd, 
Deputy  Superintendent  Dixon  having  been  appointed  to  act 
in  his  place,  but  returned  unimproved  in  health,  and  gradually 
sank  until  he  passed  away  on  September  7th.  He  had  been 
connected  with  the  force  for  over  ten  years,  and  the  honors 
which  attended  his  obsequies  proved  that  he  had  won  the 


206  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

esteem  and  admiration  of  his  fellow  citizens  in  every  rank  of 
life.  During  the  time  he  was  able  to  devote  his  energies  to 
the  general  saperintendency  he  proved  himself  to  be  an  able 
executive  officer  in  every  respect.  On  his  promotion  Lieut. 
Hood  succeeded  to  the  captaincy  of  the  Union  street  station. 
During  the  year  the  number  of  patrolmen  had  been  re- 
duced by  cutting  off  70  from  the  roll.  Of  the  409,  88 
Were  detailed  for  station,  bridge,  tunnel  and  other  outside 
duties,  leaving  the  number  available  for  regular  patrol 
service  321.  "As  there  are  38  square  miles  of  territory, 
with  600  miles  of  streets,"  said  Superintendent  Seavey 
in  his  annual  report,  "to  be  patrolled  by  this  number, 
averacfino:  three  and  one-fourth  miles  of  street  for  each 
patrolman  on  duty  at  night,  and  four  and  one-half  miles 
for  each  of  those  on  day  duty,  it  should  not  be  sur- 
prising if  the  cry  of  '  Where  are  the  police  ? '  is  occasionally 
heard.  It  will  be  seen  that  we  have  less  than  one  police- 
man for  every  1,200  inhabitants;  New  York  has  one  police- 
man for  every  428  inhabitants ;  Philadelphia,  one  to  every 
650;  Boston,  one  to  every  530;  New  Orleans,  one  to  every 
380;  Baltimore,  one  to  every  520;  San  Francisco,  one  to 
every  600;  St.  Louis,  one  to  every  1,000;  Brooklyn,  one  to 
every  770;  and  so  on  through  the  entire  list  of  cities;  none 
can  be  found  with  so  small  a  police  force  as  our  own."  He 
held  that  the  force  was  entirely  insufficient,  and  said:  "The 
police  force,  including  officers,  numbered  600  men  when  the 
population  of  the  city  was  125,000  less  than  it  is  at  present, 
but  within  the  last  three  years  it  has  been  reduced  two  lieu- 
tenants, two  sergeants,  and  160  patrolmen,  although  it  was 
at  the  time  and  is  now  freely  admitted  that  the  number  em- 
ployed has  never  yet  been  sufiiciently  large  for  the  require- 
ments of  the  city,  and  to  properly  protect  the  interests  of 
the  people.  It  will,  no  doubt,  be  claimed  that  the  annual 
report  of  the  superintendent  of  police  is  always  made  the  oc- 
casion for  recommending  an  increase  of  the  police  force. 
This,  it  appears,  has  been  so,  but  it  also  appears  to  have  been 


FROM  SEAVEY  TO  EBEU80LD.  207 

the  rule  of  late  to  largely  reduce  the  force  whenever  an  in- 
crease was  asked  for.  Tliere  is  scarcely  any  difference  of  opin- 
ion as  to  our  necessities  in  this  respect  at  the  present  time. 
Therefore  I  respectfully  recommend  that  the  present  force 
be  increased  by  the  appointment  of  100  additional  j)atrol- 
men." 

With  the  advent  of  the  Heath  administration  a  deter- 
mined and  systematic  policy  of  retrenchment  in  every  de- 
partment of  the  city  government  was  inaugurated  and  pur- 
sued. The  police  force  was  not  the  only  sufferer.  Expenses 
were  cut  down  to  the  minimum.  Mayor  Heath's  financial 
policy  in  a  very  short  time  restored  the  credit  of  Chicago 
abroad,  but  it  impaired  the  usefulness  of  the  police  to  a  great 
extent.  Mayor  Harrison,  upon  entering  office,  took  up 
Mayor  Heath's  policy,  and  followed  it  closely.  For  a  time 
the  force  of  the  police  and  fire  departments  proved  to  be 
entirely  inadequate;  but  it  became  an  absolute  necessity  to 
place  the  financial  credit  of  the  city  on  a  solid  basis,  and 
everything  for  a  time  was  sacrificed  to  that  object.  Hence 
the  reduction  in  the  force.  If  the  fact  that  the  force  was 
inadequate  was  constantly  borne  in  mind  by  its  critics,  there 
would  have  been  little  ground  for  complaint ;  but  while  the 
population  was  steadily  increasing,  and  the  inhabited  por- 
tion of  the  territory  within  the  corporate  limits  steadily 
broadening,  the  force  was  being  reduced  rather  than  increased, 
that  fact  was  not  taken  into  consideration.  Salaries  were 
paid  in  "  city  scrip,"  too,  and  this  was  subject  to  a  fluctu- 
ating rate  of  discount.  Besides,  the  salaries  paid  were  not 
such  as  to  command  the  services  of  good  and  trustworthy 
men  at  all  times.  Prosperity  was  returning,  and  many  men 
left  the  service,  for  the  reason  that  they  could  do  better  in 
other  walks  of  life.  No  increase  was  granted,  and  at  the  end 
of  the  year  the  force  consisted  of  five  captains,  seventeen 
lieutenants,  twelve  sergeants,  three  clerks,  one  custodian, 
ten  detectives,  twenty-eight  station  keepers,  and  (including 
pound   keepers,   lock-up  keepers,   police    court  bailiffs,  day 


208  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

squad  men  and  special  details  of  all  kinds)  370  patrolmen. 

Superintendent  Seavey  suggested  that  the  Morse  system 
of  telegraphy  be  extended  by  the  employment  of  five  oper- 
ators. "  The  dial  instruments  for  many  years  in  the  de- 
partment," he  said,  "are  incapable  of  giving  the  service  re- 
quired, as  they  are  too  slow  and  unreliable  for  use  in  cases 
where  the  rapid  transmission  of  messages  to  and  from  the 
different  stations  becomes  necessary." 

There  was  in  possession  of  the  department  this  year  a 
quantity  of  arms,  purchased  by  the  Citizens'  Association, 
consisting  of  four  twelve-pound  and  two  six-pound  guns, 
with  caissons,  harness  and  limbers  complete ;  one  ten-barrel 
Gatling  gun,  with  gun  carriage  and  equipments  complete; 
296  Springfield  breech-loading  rifles,  and  60,000  rounds  of 
ammunition.  These  arms,  equipments  and  ammunition 
were  held  by  the  department  with  the  understanding  that 
they  were  to  be  returned  to  the  association  at  the  demand  of 
the  executive  committee.  The  department  had  also  at  this 
time  102  Springfield  rifles  of  its  own,  which  had  been  pur- 
chased by  citizens  and  presented  to  the  police. 

It  was  part  of  the  discipline  of  the  police  under  Hickey 
and  Seavey,  and  afterward  under  some  of  their  successors, 
that  the  members  of  the  force  be  compelled  to  attend  drill 
duty  in  their  respective  precincts,  and  receive  instruction  in 
company  movements,  once  each  week  during  the  summer 
months.  The  force,  under  this  regime,  attained  a  high  de- 
gree of  efficiency  in  the  handling  of  firearms,  in  marching, 
etc.     Detective  Leander  Bauder  acted  as  drill  master. 

In  1878,  four  officers  died,  one  of  whom  was  the  victim 
of  a  most  foul  and  cowardly  murder.  The  first  three  were 
Officer  Dominick  S.  Barbaro,  who  died  of  consumption ;  Offi- 
cer Bartholomew  Hoff'man,  who  fell  a  victim  to  the  same 
disease,  and  Officer  James  Kern,  who  died  from  injuries 
received  in  accidentally  falling  into  an  excavation  in  the  rear 
of  176  Clark  street,  while  on  duty.  The  murdered  officer 
was  Albert  Race,  who  was  shot  and  instantly  killed  on  the 


FROM  SEAVEY  TO  EBEKSOLD.  209 

evening  of  October  4,  1878,  while  in  the  performance  of  his 
duty,  in  front  of  Lesser  Friedbui-g's  "fence,"  or  pawnshop, 
No.  494  State  street.  He  had  been  a  member  of  the  force 
for  about  5  years,  and  was  generally  esteemed  as  a  faithful 
and  efficient  officer.  In  connection  with  the  names  of  men 
who  figured  in  this  case  afterward,  references  are  made  to  the 
crime.  Here  it  will  be  only  necessary  to  relate  the  bare 
facts.  Officer  Race  was  patrolling  his  post  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  pawnbroker's  shop,  a  place  that  bore  a  most 
unenviable  reputation.  About  9:45  o'clock  p.  m.  he  ob- 
served a  horse  and  wagon  standing  in  front  of  the  place, 
and  noticed  that  the  wagon  contained  a  large  quantity 
of  dry  goods.  Suspecting  at  once  that  the  goods  had 
been  stolen,  he  stood  aside  until  a  man  emerged  from  the 
pawnshop  and  took  possession  of  the  vehicle.  Another  quickly 
followed,  and  while  the  two  sat  in  the  wagon,  Officer  Race 
proceeded  to  question  them  as  to  its  contents,  and  was  about 
to  prevent  them  from  moving,  when  one  of  the  two  drew  a 
pistol  and,  pointing  it  at  the  policeman's  head,  killed  him 
instantly.  The  theory  was  that  Friedburg  would  not  pay  as 
much  for  the  stuff  as  the  thieves  demanded,  and  they  were 
about  to  take  it  elsewhere.  The  assassin  jumped  from  the 
wagon,  but  the  other  drove  a  short  distance,  and  then  aban- 
doned it.  The  wagon  was  recovered  at  once  and  driven  to 
the  Harrison  street  station.  Here  it  Avas  quickly  discovered 
that  the  goods  had  been  stolen  that  same  evening  from  the 
Chicago  braucli  of  E.  S.  Jaffrey  &  Co.,  New  York,  which  was 
located  in  the  present  Herald  building,  corner  of  the  alley, 
between  Madison  and  Washington  streets,  on  the  west  side 
of  Fifth  avenue.  Johnny  Lamb  and  "Sheeney"  George 
were  arrested  for  the  crime,  and  the  latter  sentenced  to  be 
hanged,  but  owing  to  the  character  of  the  witness  against 
him  ("Sheeney"  George,  who  turned  state's  evidence),  he 
finally  escaped  punishment. 

For  some  months  previous  to  the  death  of  Superintend- 
ent Seavey.  Deputy  Superintendent  Dixon  acted  as  general 


210  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

superiiiteiuleiit  of  police.  His  resignation  being  demanded 
under  circumstances  mentioned  elsewhere,  Mayor  Harrison 
appointed  Simon  O'Donnell  deputy  superintendent,  and  until 
the  death  of  Superintendent  Seavey  he  acted  in  the  capacity 
of  general  superintendent.  When  death  finally  created  a 
vacancy  in  the  position,  O'Donnell  was  appointed  chief,  a 
promotion  which  he  strenuously  endeavored  to  avoid.  Dur- 
ing his  incumbency  the  responsibilities  of  the  place  weighed 
heavily  upon  his  shoulders  and  the  gallant  commander  of 
the  third  precinct  never  felt  lighter-hearted  than  the  day 
he  stepped  out  of  the  high  office  to  the  humbler  captaincy 
in  the  uniform  of  which  he  felt  comfortable  and  entirely  at 
home. 

Although  it  is  a  point  which  has  been  disputed,  some  of 
the  oldest  members  in  the  force  give  Simon  O'Donnell's  ad- 
ministration credit  for  the  conception  of  the  patrol  service 
idea.  Austin  J.  Doyle  was  unquestionably  the  author  of 
the  scheme;  but  it  is  contended  it  was  O'Donnell  and 
not  McGarigle  who  gave  the  secretary  of  the  department 
the  encouragement  he  needed  at  the  outset,  in  order  to 
put  his  plans  into  practical  shape.  It  was  Simon  O'Donnell 
who  first  called  attention  to  the  incapacity  of  the  existing 
Criminal  Court,  which  was  presided  over  by  one  judge,  and 
in  which  it  was  utterly  out  of  the  question  to  prosecute  the 
number  of  causes  brought  before  it  by  the  police  depart- 
ment. Soon  afterward  an  additional  or  auxilliary  court  was 
created.  Simon  O'Donnell,  too,  while  departing  from  the 
usual  custom  of  appealing  to  the  city  council  for  an  increase 
of  the  force — which  under  his  superintendency  reached  the 
lowest  numerical  point  in  ten  years^ — informed  that  body 
frankly  and  flatly  that  at  least  800  men  were  necessary  to 
render  ample  police  protection  to  all  interests  and  parts  of 
the  city.  While  no  public  tumults,  aside  from  an  occasional 
serious  strike,  marked  the  })eri()d  of  his  administration,  the 
force  under  him  exhibited  a  markeil  degree  of  discipline  and 
fidelity  in  all  its  undertakings,  and  personal  loyalty  to    the 


FROM  SEAVEY  TO  EBERSOLD.  211 

chief  often  counted  for  more  than  any  official  orders  in 
briuofiiii^  to  the  minds  of  subalterns  a  high  sense  of  their  re- 
sponsibilities  and  duties. 

E.  P.  Ward,  who  had  filled  the  position  of  secretary  of 
police  from  the  abolition  of  the  marshalship,  was  succeeded, 
after  the  first  election  of  Mayor  Harrison,  by  Austin  J.  Doyle, 
who  acted  in  that  capacity  during  the  superintendency  of 
O'Donnell  and  McGarigle.  The  position  at  first  was  merely 
a  clerical  one,  but  it  grew  to  be  second  in  point  of  im- 
portance only  to  the  superintendency.  During  Secretary 
Doyle's  occupancy  of  the  place,  he  took  an  active  interest  in 
everything  which  concerned  the  material  welfare  of  the 
force.  It  is  not  necessary  here  to  go  over  the  ground 
already  covered  in  the  chapters  Avliich  give  the  history  and 
describes  the  workings  of  the  patrol  service,  in  the  organi- 
zation of  which  Mr.  Doyle  took  a  most  important  and  prom- 
inent part.  He  was  born  in  Chicago,  Sept.  18,  1849,  re- 
ceived a  first-class  common  school  education,  and  during 
his  earlv  manhood  was  connected  with  some  of  the  leadingf 
mercantile  houses,  in  various  capacities.  Under  Daniel 
O'Hara,  he  became  a  clerk  in  the  Recorder's  Court,  in 
1865;  was  appointed  first  deputy  of  the  court  in  1868, 
and  in  1873,  on  the  People's  ticket,  was  elected  clerk  of  the 
Criminal  Court,  studied  law  while  filling  this  office,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  later  on.  On  the  resignation  of  Super- 
intendent McGarigle,  he  was  promoted  from  the  secretary- 
ship to  the  superintendency  of  police,  which  position  he 
held  until  he  retired  to  become  superintendent  of  a  horse 
railway  company. 

William  J.  McGarigle,  who  succeeded  Simon  O'Donnell 
as  general  superintendent,  was  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.  He 
received  a  collegiate  education.  As  a  young  man  he  became 
attached,  in  a  responsible  position,  to  the  United  States  Ex- 
press Company,  and  handled,  it  is  said,  vast  amounts  of 
money  while  in  that  service.  Afterward  he  became  con- 
nected with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  Co. 


212  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

In  November,  1870,  he  married  Anna  Boclmer,  of  Milwaukee, 
a  woman  who  in  later  years  exhibited  the  most  exalted  wifely 
devotion  for  him.  He  entered  the  Chicago  police  force  in 
1872,  as  a  patrolman,  being  assigned  to  the  Webster  ave- 
nue station.  Shortly  afterward  he  became  one  of  Superin- 
tendent Washburn's  numerous  secretaries,  and  later,  a  clerk 
of  detectives,  and  in  1875,  he  was  appointed  lieutenant  and 
made  chief  of  detectives,  afterward  being  placed  in  com- 
mand of  the  third  precinct,  from  Avhicli  position  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  superintendency.  His  connection  with  the 
patrol  service,  and  other  events  in  his  official  career,  are 
mentioned  in  their  proper  places.  He  resigned  the  superin- 
tendency in  1882,  to  make  tfie  race  for  sheriff;  was  defeated; 
became  connected  with  a  mercantile  house ;  was  appointed 
warden  of  the  county  hospital,  and,  while  holding  that  office, 
became  involved  in  transactions  which  have  thrown  a  dark 
shadow  over  his  career.  He  is  at  present  a  fugitive  from 
justice. 

The  police  force  in  1880  consisted  of  one  general  super- 
intendent, one  secretary,  five  captains,  seventeen  lieuten- 
ants, sixteen  sergeants,  three  clerks,  one  custodian,  eleven 
detectives,  twenty-eight  station  keepers,  and  (including 
pound-keepers,  lock-up  keepers,  police  court  bailiffs,  day 
squad  men  or  special  details  of  all  kinds),  three  hundred 
and  ninety  patrolmen.  The  force  at  headquarters,  all  told, 
was  27 ;  the  day  squad  consisted  of  one  lieutenant,  one  ser- 
geant and  30  men.  Including  officers  of  every  grade,  the 
following  were  the  details  at  each  station  at  the  close  of 
1880:  Harrison  street,  54;  Twenty-second  street,  37;  Cot- 
tage Grove  avenue,  27 ;  West  Twelfth  street,  47 ;  Hinman 
street,  23;  Deering  street,  18;  West  Madison  street,  (Union 
street)  GO;  West  Lake  street,  25;  West  Chicago  avenue, 
24;  Chicago  avenue,  41;  Larrabee  street,  17;  Webster  ave- 
nue, 13;  Rawson  street,  13, 

The  most  important  event  of  the  year  was  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  signal  patrol  service. 


FROM  SEAVEY  TO  EBERSOLD.  213 

During  the  year  Michael  Murphy,  ])atrolmaii,  Rawson 
street  station,  died  of  a  complication  of  diseases,  and  Wil- 
liam F.  Mackay,  patrolman.  Twenty -second  street  station, 
was  killed  by  a  railway  train  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  railroad. 

The  total  number  of  men  on  the  force  at  the  close  of 
1881  was  five  hundred  and  six.  A  captain  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  day  squad,  and  the  detail  was  increased  to 
49  patrolmen,  four  of  whom  were  detailed  for  duty  on  the 
"  police  telegraph  wagon,"  as  the  vehicle  was  called.  The 
West  Madison  street  sub-station  was  organized  and  added 
to  the  third  precinct. 

The  mortality  among  the  policemen  this  year  was  re- 
markably high.  George  Gubbins,  lock-up  keeper  at  the 
Harrison  street  station,  died  of  cancer.  Patrolman  Timothy 
Mahoney,  of  the  Deering  street  station,  was  shot  dead  by 
two  burglars,  on  the  night  of  June  12.  The  burglars  were 
masked  and  had  entered  the  house  of  Mr.  Richard  Jones, 
No.  3815  Emerald  avenue,  when  the  family  was  awakened 
and  gave  an  alarm.  The  burglars,  hearing  the  alarm,  pointed 
a  revolver  at  Mr.  Jones  and  threatened  to  shoot  him  if  he  did 
not  remain  quiet.  They  left  the  house,  Jones  following 
them.  Coming  across  Officer  Mahoney  at  the  corner  of  Hal- 
sted  and  38th  streets,  he  informed  the  officer  of  what  had 
happened.  Officer  Mahoney  ran  after  the  burglars,  telling 
Jones  to  follow.  The  policeman  overtook  the  burglars  at 
the  next  corner,  and  Jones,  who  was  half  a  block  distant, 
testified  that  he  could  see  a  struggle  going  on,  in  the  glare 
of  the  lightning,  for  it  was  a  stormy  night.  Three  shots 
were  fired  in  quick  succession  and  Officer  Mahoney  fell  to  the 
ground  fatally  wounded.  He  was  unable  to  give  an  account 
of  the  trouble  before  death  seized  him.  The  bullet  which 
caused  his  death  had  entered  just  above  his  lieai't.  He  was 
40  years  of  age.  A  public  subscription  of  $5,000  was  raised 
for  his  afflicted  family. 

During  this  year,  on  June  20,  one  of  the  ablest   detec- 


214  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

tives  that  was  ever  connected  with  the  American  police,  ex- 
pired at  St.  Joseph's  hospital.  This  was  Lieut.  Edward  J. 
Keating.  He  was  born  in  Kane  Co.,  111.,  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  was  35  years  of  age.  As  a  patrolman  in  the 
secret  service,  and  as  its  chief,  he  made  a  record  which 
stands  out  prominently  now,  though  many  changes  have 
occurred  since  his  time.  For  several  years  the  names  of 
Keating  and  Kipley,  the  two  who  worked  hand  in  hand  and 
shoulder  to  shoulder  in  the  unravelling  of  so  many  myste- 
ries, and  the  apprehension  of  so  many  miscreants,  were 
famous  in  the  police  annals  of  Chicago.  In  giving  the 
records  of  his  old  associates  in  this  volume,  the  name 
of  Edward  J.  Keating  occurs  frequently  and  always  prom- 
inently. 

Patrolman  Patrick  O'Brien  died  at  the  AVest  Twelfth 
street  station,  on  the  afternoon  of  August  3d,  from  a  pistol 
shot  wound  in  the  left  breast,  inflicted  by  one  Thomas  Ca- 
hill,  residing  at  50  Pi,ebecca  street.  [See  biography  of  Pa- 
trolman James  Ray,  inspector's  office]. 

Patrolman  Daniel  Crowley  died  at  his  residence,  94  Mil- 
ler street,  on  the  night  of  August  3,  from  the  effects  of  a 
pistol  shot  wound  inflicted  by  Edward  Kelly,  at  the  corner 
of  Quincy  and  Desplaines  streets,  while  on  his  way  to  the  sta- 
tion with  a  female  prisoner.  The  murder  was  a  cold- 
blooded one.  Passing  the  corner  mentioned,  two  men  stood 
on  the  sidewalk,  one  of  whom  asserted  that  Officer  Crow- 
ley's prisoner  stepped  on  his  foot,  accompanying  the  state- 
ment by  the  use  of  foul  language.  The  policeman  ordered 
the  fellows  to  be  quiet  and  move  on  about  their  business, 
when  one  of  them  (Kelly)  drew  a  revolver  and  shot  the  })o- 
licem&,n.  The  ])all  took  effect  in  the  thigh,  and  blood 
poisoning  ensued.  Officer  Crowley  was  but  34  years  of  age, 
and  had  entered  the  force  in  1877.  He  was  at  the  time  at- 
tached to  the  third  precinct. 

Patrolman  Mortimer  Hogan,  of  the  Hinman  street  sta- 
tion,   died    of    meningitis  August   12.     He    contracted  the 


FROM    SEAVEY    TO    EBEIISOLD.  215 

disease   at    the   funeral    of   the    murdered   officer,  Patrick 
O'Brien,  a  few  days  previous. 

Detective  and  ex-Captain  Thomas  F.  Simmons,  of  the 
first  precinct,  died  at  his  residence,  671  Fulton  street,  on 
September  20,  of  consumption.  He  had  been  connected 
with  the  force  for  twelve  years,  and  was  at  one  time  a  very 
prominent  officer. 

Patrolman  Michael  Mitchell,  of  the  Deering  street  sta- 
tion, died  of  consumption  Sept.  23d,  at  his  residence,  3727 
Emerald  avenue. 

During  the  year,  the  Policemen's  Benevolent  Associa- 
tion paid  to  widows  and  orphans  of  deceased  officers,  35,565; 
paid  to  sick  and  injured  members,  $834;  paid  for  funeral  ex- 
penses, $1,125.  The  superintendent  speaks  very  highly  of 
the'  association  in  his  annual  report,  and  advises  all  mem- 
bers of  the  force  to  become  attached  to  such  a  useful  or- 
ganization. 

During  the  year,  Captains  Buckley  and  O'Donnell  re- 
mained in  command  of  the  Harrison  and  West  Twelfth 
street  stations  respectively,  but  John  Bonfield  is  captain  of 
the  third,  and  Amos  AV.  Hathaway  is  captain  of  the  fourth 
precinct,  and  the  day  squad  is  commanded  by  Capt.  Freder- 
ick Ebersold.  Austin  J.  Doyle  succeeds  W.  J.  McGarigle 
as  chief,  and  the  office  of  inspector  is  created  and  incorpo- 
rated with  that  of  secretar}^  of  the  department,  under  the  offi- 
cial title  of  secretary  and  inspector. 

The  first  incumbent  of  this  position  was  Dominick  Wel- 
ter, who  was  born  at  Echternach,  Grand  Duchy  of  Luxem- 
burg, ( a  province  that  has  given  many  distinguished  officers 
to  our  police  department),  Nov.  9,  1839.  His  family  ar- 
rived in  this  country  in  1850,  locating  at  Tiffin,  Ohio. 
Young  Welter  attended  the  public  schools  and  assisted  his 
father  in  the  bakery  business,  learning  also  the  tobac- 
conist trade.  At  the  age  of  17,  he  enlisted  in  the  7th 
United  States  infantry,  which  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  far 
northwestern   territories.     Returning  to  his   old    home    in 


216  THt-    urtiCAGO     POLICE. 

Ohio  in  1861,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  tiie  "Tremont 
Guards,"  known  as  the  4th  Ohio  cavalr}',  and  attached  to 
the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  He  was  promoted  to  a 
lieutenancy"  in  1862,  and  to  a  first  lieutenancy  in  January, 
1863.  Taken  prisoner  at  Chickamauga,  on  Sept.  20,  1863, 
he  was  confined  for  eighteen  months  in  the  Libby  prison, 
Richmond,  Va. ;  at  Macon,  Ga. ;  Charleston  and  Columbia, 
S.  C,  and  Salisbury,  N.  C,  where  he  suffered  all  the  tortures 
that  have  made  the  names  of  these  horrible  prisons  in- 
famous. While  a  prisoner  in  1864,  he  was  promoted  to  a 
captaincy,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  a  major. 
While  he  had  visited  Chicago  as  early  as  1852,  he  did  not 
locate  here  permanently  until  1870,  when  he  opened  a  to- 
bacco house  and  did  a  prosperous  business,  which  he  turned 
over  to  his  son  when  he  became  inspector  of  police  in  1882. 
He  distinguished  himself  in  connection  with  the  military 
organization  here  in  1877,  when  he  became  connected  with 
the  only  cavalry  company  here,  just  previous  to  the  riots  of 
that  year.  From  this,  the  First  Cavalry,  I.  N.  G.,  was  or- 
ganized, and  Major  Welter  became  its  commanding  ofiicer, 
March,  1881.  In  December,  1884,  when  three  hundred  men 
were  added  to  the  police  force,  it  is  thought  that  Major 
Welter  over-exerted  himself  in  drilling  the  recruits,  and 
that  this  led  to  his  untimely  death.  He  died  at  his  old 
home,  Tiffin,  Ohio,  where  he  had  gone  in  the  hope  of  re- 
storing his  health.  A  detachment  of  Chicago  police 
escorted  the  body  to  Chicago ;  the  stations  were  all  draped  in 
mourning,  and  he  was  buried  at  St.  Boniface  cemetery  with 
military  honors.  The  cortege  consisted  of  Chief  Marshal 
Stockton  and  staff,  second  regiment  band,  one  hundred  and 
fifty  members  of  the  fire  department,  drum  corps  of  Bat- 
tery "  D,"  Chief  of  Police  Doyle  and  staff,  400  men  from 
the  police  department,  members  of  the  detective  force, 
Trocher  &  Winters'  band,  1,000  men  from  the  Independent 
Order  of  Foresters,  Major  Nevans'  band,  100  representa- 
tives from  the  Luxemburg  Unterstuetzungs  Verein,  50  men 


FROM  SEAVEY  TO  EBERSOLD.  217 

from  the  Catholic  Benevolent  Legion,  50  national  veter- 
ans, drum  corps  of  the  first  regiment,  250  men  of  the  1st 
infantry,  20  men  of  the  colored  battalion,  cavalry  band  and 
first  regiment  cavalry,  the  caisson  bearing  the  casket,  the 
pall  bearers,  wagons  bearing  fioral  tributes,  friends,  and 
city  and  county  officials.  Major  Welter  was  a  member  of 
the  Catholic  Benevolent  Legion,  the  Policemen's  Benevo- 
lent Association,  the  State  Police  and  Fire  Association,  and 
one  of  the  directors  of  the  High  Court  of  the  Independent 
Order  of  Foresters. 

While  secretary  and  inspector  he  performed  his  duties 
with  very  general  satisfaction.  Always  a  popular  favorite,  he 
succeeded  in  winning  the  affection  and  respect  of  his  asso- 
ciates in  the  police  department,  and  in  retaining  them  to 
the  end.  Though  not  a  policeman  in  the  strict  sense  of  the 
word,  his  military  education  was  of  great  value  to  the  de- 
partment, and  he  succeeded  in  bringing  the  discipline  of 
the  force  up  to  a  high  standard. 

This  was  another  year  in  which  the  great  reaper.  Death, 
mowed  down  many  members  of  the  force.  Two  deaths  were 
the  result  of  violence. 

Patrolman  John  Huebner  died  at  his  residence,  565  North 
Paulina  street,  on  the  4th  of  February,  from  the  effects  of  a 
gunshot  wound  received  twenty-four  hours  previously, 
while  attempting  to  arrest  two  burglars,  near  the  corner  of 
Holt  and  Bradley  streets.  They  had  entered  the  house  of 
John  Henning,  5  Bauman  street,  and  made  a  noise  which 
attracted  the  attention  of  Mrs.  Henning,  who  immediately 
alarmed  the  family.  Several  shots  were  exchanged  between 
Henning  and  the  burglars,  and  Officers  Foley  and  Kearns, 
on  duty  in  the  neighborhood,  hearing  the  reports,  hastened 
to  the  spot.  At  Ashland  avenue  they  sighted  the  burglars 
and  attempted  their  capture,  but  the  criminals  dodged 
through  an  alley,  and  ran  northward,  the  officers  keeping  up 
a  running  fire  in  the  pursuit.  Officer  Huebner  was  on 
Bradley  street,  and  ran  to  head  off  the  burglars.     As  he 


218  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

reached  Holt  street  he  caught  one  of  them.  The  other  fired 
several  shots  at  the  officer,  all  of  which  took  effect,  and  the 
burglars  escaped.  He  was  forty-two  years  of  age,  and  his  wife 
and  eight  children  were  provided  for  by  the  Policemen's 
Benevolent  Association.  The  murderer  was  afterward  caught, 
convicted  and  hanged. 

Patrolman  Valentine  Bittel,  of  the  day  squad,  died  of 
dropsy  at  his  residence,  719  Holt  avenue,  February  24. 

Patrolman  William  Lobbeke,  of  the  fourth  precinct,  died 
at  his  residence,  No.  181  Dayton  street,  on  May  9,  after 
two  months'  illness. 

Patrolman  Patrick  O^Leary,  of  the  second  precinct,  died 
at  his  residence,  615  South  Union  street,  May  11. 

Patrolman  Edmund  Welch,  of  the  first  precinct,  died  at 
his  residence,  24  Charles  place,  of  inflammation  of  the 
bowels,  May  24,  aged  thirty-five  years. 

Patrolman  Matthew  Twohey,  of  the  second  precinct,  died 
at  his  residence,  238  West  Taylor  street,  of  consumption, 
June  23,  aged  thirty-six  years. 

Desk  Sergeant  Patrick  H.  Hussey,  of  the  fourth  pre- 
cinct, died  at  his  residence,  761  Dudley  street,  June  2,  of 
consumption. 

Patrolman  Henry  O'Neil,  of  the  day  squad,  died  at  his 
residence,  201  De  Koven  street,  October  1,  after  ten  days' 
illness,  aged  thirty-five  years. 

Patrolman  Patrick  McGrath,  of  the  third  precinct,  died 
at  his  residence,  3  Owasco  street,  October  21,  after  six 
weeks'  illness,  aged  forty  years, 

Clarence  E.  Wright,  patrolman,  met  with  a  sudden 
and  cruel  death  at  the  hands  of  William  Allen,  alias  Joe 
Dehlmer,  at  37  West  Washington  street,  November  29. 
[See  ''Bill  Allen  Case,"  Patrol  Service]. 

There  was  no  change  in  the  precinct  commands  during 
1883,  but  the  force  shows  a  slight  increase,  the  total  number 
of  men  connected  with  the  department  being  637.  The 
patrol  service  was  greatly  extended  and  improved,  and  the 


FROM    8EAVEY    TO    EBEliSOLD.  '^1') 

work  (lone  was  excellent.  In  his  report  for  the  year,  Super- 
intendent Doyle  says:  "No  additional  men  will  be  needed 
for  the  service,  except  where  new  stations  hereafter  may  be 
built.  No  citizen  need  call  upon  this  branch  of  the  depart- 
ment witliout  a  ready  response;  thirty  per  cent  of  last  year's 
arrests  were  made  by  this  branch  of  the  service."  He  asked, 
to  meet  the  expenses  of  running  the  department  during  the 
succeeding  year,  an  appropriation  of  $992,273.50,  as  against 
$703, 579. GG  for  the  year  just  closed,  and  backed  this  up  with 
some  statements  of  general  interest.  "In  regard  to  the  de- 
tective force,"  he  said,  "I  will  simply  offer  this  suggestion 
that  there  are  at  present  850  regular  passenger  and  freight 
trains  coming  into  and  departing  from  the  city  daily  on  the 
twenty  regular  lines  of  railroad  owning  their  own  tracks; 
two  more  roads  have  been  admitted  recently,  and  it  is  safe 
to  predict  that  before  the  end  of  1884  the  number  of  such 
trains  will  be  1,000  daily.  There  are  numerous  prisons 
within  a  radius  of  100  miles  of  the  city,  each  of  which  is 
discharging  convicts  daily,  and  from  all  of  Avhicli  the  rail- 
roads lead  directly  to  Chicago.  A  competent  and  efficient 
detective  force  is  needed  to  locate  and  watch  the  movements 
of  these  professional  criminals — the  facilities  for  reaching 
and  leaving  the  city  (by  land  and  water)  surpassing  those 
of  any  in  the  world.  I  trust,  therefore,  that  you  will  agree 
to  the  proposition  that  the  amounts  estimated  for  detective 
and  secret  service  are  very  moderate,  when  the  exigencies 
of  the  service  are  taken  into  consideration.  Permit  me  to 
call  attention  to  a  few  facts  showing  deificiency  in  the  regu- 
lar day  and  night  patrol  service,  which  can  only  be  reme- 
died by  increasing  the  number  of  patrolmen.  The  300  men 
employed  as  regular  patrolmen  cannot  work  night  and  day 
without  rest  or  sleep;  they  are,  therefore,  diA'ided  into  two 
details,  three-fourths  (or  225)  being  detailed  for  night 
duty,  and  one-fourth  (or  75)  for  traveling  during  the  day. 
In  order  to  distribute  the  night  work  fairly,  each  man  trav- 
els three  months  at  night  and  one  month  in  daytime,  giving 


220  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

him  only  three  months  of  day  duty  during  the  year.     The 
area  of  territory  embraced  in  the  city  limits  is  about  the 
same  as  that  of  New  York  City,  where  the  police  force  num- 
bers 2,5G0  men.     The  inhabited  territory  of  Chicago,  which 
needs  to  be  traversed  by  patrolmen,  is  about  18,000  acres; 
divide  this  number  by  225,  and  you  have  one  night  patrol- 
man for  each  80  acres;   divide  by  75,  and  you  have  one  day 
patrolman  for  every  240  acres.     There  are  80,000  buildings 
in  this  city;   divide  this  number  by  225,  and  you  have  one 
night  patrolman  for  each  350  buildings;    again  by  75,  and 
you  have  one  day  patrolman  for  each  1,050  buildings.     The 
population  of  this  city  may  reasonably  be  estimated  at  675,- 
000;   divide  by  225,  and  each  3,000  people  are  guarded  at 
night  by  one  patrolman;    each  9,000  by  one  patrolman  in 
the  daytime.     This  in  the  '  Convention  City '  of  the  United 
States.     An  immense  transient  population  is  daily  domiciled 
within  its  limits;    this  population   must  be  protected  to  a 
great  extent  by  the  day  squad  and  detective  department. 
When  you  consider  that  the  average  beat  for  a  night  patrol- 
man measures  one-half  by  one-quarter  of  a  mile,  and  com- 
prises a   territory  such    as,    for    instance,    is    bounded   by 
Halsted  street,  Center  avenue,  Madison  and  Jackson  streets, 
a  fair  idea  may  be  conceived  of  the  responsibilities  of  one 
night  patrolman.     Multiply  the  territory  by  the  figure  3, 
and  you  have  the  area  to  be  covered  by  the  day  patrolman." 
The  estimated  advance  in  the  salary  list  aggregated   5 
per  cent,  increase  over  the  amounts  paid  the  preceding  year, 
but  the  superintendent  thought  this  would   be    more  than 
made  up  by  grading  the  force  into  three  classes;  the  force 
previous  to  the  last  year's  appointments,  constituting  the  first 
grade,  at  $1,000  per  year  salary ;  those  appointed  the  last 
year,  constituting  the  second  grade,  at  $900  per  annum,  and 
new  men,  to  constitute  the  third  grade,  to  be  paid  $G2.50  per 
month,  for  the  first  eight  months.     Superintendent  Doyle 
advocated  the  grading  of  patrolmen  warmly,  and  insisted  that 
it  was  only  reasonable  and  logic; il  that  the  experienced  men 


AUGUST   C.  BLETTNER, 
Lieut.   Comdg.   West  Twelfth  St.  District. 


FROM  SEAVEY  TO  EBEKSOLD.  221 

were  worth  more  thau  the  partially  experienced  or  inexperi- 
enced. 

The  force  was  largely  increased  during  1884,  the  total 
number  of  men  connected  with  the  service  at  the  close  of 
the  year  being  924.  The  "Day  Squad"  changed  its  name  to 
the  "Central  Detail,"  and  had  one  lieutenant,  one  sergeant 
and  99  patrolmen;  the  Harrison  street  station  had  6.3  men, 
all  told ;  the  Twenty-second  street  station,  48 ;  the  Cottage 
Grove  avenue  station,  40;  the  Thirty-fifth  street  station, 
34;  the  West  Twelfth  street  station,  79;  the  Hinman  street 
station,  49 ;  the  Deering  street  station,  35 ;  the  Desplaines 
street  station,  73;  the  West  Madison  street  station,  31;  the 
West  Lake  street  station,  42;  the  West  Chicago  avenue 
station,  61;  the  West  North  avenue  station,  27;  the  Rawson 
street  station,  28 ;  the  Chicago  avenue  station,  64 ;  the  Lar- 
rabee  street  station,  48 ;  the  Webster  avenue  station,  42. 

New  stations  were  added,  as  will  be  seen,  and  the  pre- 
cinct commands  were  changed  as  follows:  First  precinct, 
including  Harrison  street.  Twenty-second  street,  Cottage 
Grove  avenue  and  Thirty-fifth  street  districts,  commanded 
by  Captain  Frederick  Ebersold ;  second  precinct,  including 
West  Twelfth  street,  Hinman  street  and  Deering  street  dis- 
tricts, commanded  by  Captain  Simon  O^Donnell;  third  pre- 
cinct, including  Desplaines  street.  West  Madison  street  and 
West  Lake  street  districts,  commanded  by  Captain  John 
Bonfield;  fourth  precinct,  including  West  Chicago  avenue, 
West  North  avenue  and  Rawson  street  districts,  commanded 
by  Captain  Amos  W.  Hathaway ;  fifth  precinct,  including  the 
Chicago  avenue,  Larrabee  street  and  Webster  avenue  dis- 
tricts, commanded  by  Captain  William  Buckley. 

In  the  summer  and  fall  of  1885,  some  important  changes 
occurred  in  the  department.  Captain  Ebersold  became  in- 
spector of  police  in  August,  idee  Major  Welter,  deceased, 
and  two  months  later  was  appointed  general  superintendent, 
vice  Austin  J.  Doyle,  resigned ;  Captain  Bonfield  succeeded 
to  the  inspectorship ;  Captain  Buckley  was  transferred  back 


222  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

to  the  first  precinct ;  Captain  Ward  was  placed  in  charge  of 
the  third  precinct ;  Lieut  Schaak  became  captain  of  the  fifth 
precinct,  and  George  W.  Hubbard  became  captain  of  the  Cen- 
tral detail.  The  force,  at  the  close  of  1SS5,  numbered  926 
men,  all  told.  A  period  of  great  disturbance  had  already 
set  in,  and  for  two  years  the  police  department  of  Chicago 
attracted  the  attention  of  all  Christendom. 


COMMUNlaM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANAKCIIY.  223 


CHAPTER   XII. 

THE  YEAR  18S5-COMMUNISM,  SOCIALISM  AND  ANARCHY— THE  BOARD  OF 
TRADE  DEMONSTRATION— SEDITIOUS  SPEECHES  AND  A  DISGRACE- 
FUL PROCESSION— AN  OUTRAGE  ON  THE  STREET— SPREAD  OF  COM- 
MUNISTIC DOCTRINES  — THE  GREAT  WEST  DIVISION  STREET-CAR 
RIOTS  —  BONFIELD'S  FAMOUS  MARCH  —  THE  EXCITING  SCENES  AND 
INCIDENTS  ON  MADISON  STREET-SOCIALISTIC  PICNICS  AND  PROCES- 
SIONS—THE MOTTOES  OF  THE  "  REDS"— APPROACHING  THE  DREADFUL 
CULMINATION. 

The  first  three  months  of  1885  were  uiieventful,  from  a 
police  standpoint.  The  winter  had  been  the  most  severe  ex- 
perienced in  this  region  for  years,  and  there  was  no  small 
amount  of  suffering  among  the  poor.  Trade  of  all  kind 
had  been  slack,  and  Chicago  had  for  months  failed  to  pre- 
sent to  the  visitor  that  animation  and  spirit  for  which 
she  has  become  celebrated.  On  Tuesday,  April  7,  Carter  H. 
Harrison  was  again,  for  the  fourth  time,  elected  mayor,  de- 
feating Judge  Sydney  Smith,  but  by  such  a  small  majority 
that  contest  proceedings  were  commenced.  The  campaign 
had  been  an  unusually  bitter  one,  and  partizan  feeling  ran 
hifi^h.  In  time  this  bitterness  wore  itself  out  and  the  con- 
test  was  abandoned,  owing  to  the  unwillingness  of  the  re- 
publican leader  to  make  a  fight.  Mr.  Harrison's  re-election, 
therefore,  prevented  any  important  changes  from  occurring 
in  the  department.  During  the  spring  another  of  the  peri- 
odical McCormick  strikes  broke  out  and  assumed  serious 
proportions  and  characteristics.  There  was  the  usual  amount 
of  rioting,  the  women  taking  part  as  well  as  the  men  in  the 
various  demonstrations  along  the  "Black  Road" — a  name 
given  to  the  stretch  of  road  that  connected  Blue  Island  ave- 
nue with  the  reaper  works,  for  the  reason  that  it  was  filled 
in  with  cinders  from  the  mills  and  factories  in  the  vicinity — 


224:  Tni:   Chicago   police. 

and  an  unfortunate  collision  had  occurred  between  the  men 
and  Pinkerton's  detectives,  resulting  in  loss  of  life  among 
the  strikers.  After  a  prolonged  struggle,  a  settlement  was 
broaght  about  on  Saturday,  April  11,  and  Monday  morning 
the  hands  returned  to  work,  with  the  conviction  that  the  man- 
agers of  the  McCormick  factory  had  determined  upon  a 
more  liberal  policy.  An  advance  of  15  per  cent,  was  given 
on  piece  work  and  other  concessions  were  made. 

The  palatial  new  Board  of  Trade  building,  foot  of  La- 
Salle  street,  was  to  be  inaugurated  with  elaborate  and  gor- 
geous ceremonies  on  the  night  of  Tuesday,  April  28.  There 
were  to  be  a  grand  reception  of  invited  guests  and  a  magnifi- 
cent banquet.  The  Board  of  Trade  had  long  been  the 
target  of  Parsons,  Spies,  Fielden  and  the  other  leading  so- 
cialists and  anarchists,  and  the  fact  that  the  new  structure 
was  to  be  opened  with  such  a  lavish  display  of  elegance, 
created  the  greatest  indignation  in  proletariat  circles.  A 
mass  meeting  of  members  of  "The  International  Working 
People's  Party"  was  called  to  assemble  on  Market  street 
on  this  same  Tuesday  evening,  and  the  circular  announcing 
the  meeting  wound  up  as  follows: 

After  the  ceremonies  and  sermons,  the  participants  will  move  in  a 
body  to  the  Grand  Temple  of  Usury,  Gambling  and  Cut-Throatism, 
where  they  will  serenade  the  priests  and  officers  of  King  Mammon  and 
pay  honor  and  respect  to  the  benevolent  institute.  All  friends  of  the 
bourse  are  invited. 

There  were  about  500  men  and  a  few  women  assembled 
on  Market  street,  near  Randolph,  at  8  o'clock  that  evening, 
and  a  band  of  music  performed  the  Marseillaise  and  other  airs 
calculated  to  awaken  revolutionary  feeling.  A  delay  was 
occasioned  by  the  neglect  of  the  North  Side  anarchist  socie- 
ties to  report  on  time.  While  waiting  for  tliem,  a  number 
of  men  with  muskets  wheeled  around  the  corner  and  think- 
ing that  they  were  a  detachment  of  the  "Armed  Group  '  of 
socialists,  a  large  crowd  left  the  meeting  and  advanced  to 
welcome  them.     It  turned   out,    however,    that   they   were 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    ANJ)    ANARCHY.  225 

members  of  Company  "G,"  secoml  regiment,  out  on  drill. 
Upon  making  this  discover}'  the  cheers  of  welcome  were 
changed  to  yells  of  scorn  and  defiance.  Insulting  epithets 
were  hurled  upon  the  militiamen,  but  they  paid  no  attention 
to  the  rabble  ami  marched  quietly  on. 

About  one  thousand  persons  were  assembled  when  Al- 
bert El.  Parsons  called  the  meeting  to  order.  He  said  thej 
had  assembled  to  take  into  consideration  their  position  in 
society,  and  announced  that  after  some  s[)eeches  had  been 
made  a  procession  would  be  formed  which  should  march, 
around  the  "Board  of  Thieves,"  singing  the  Marseillaise,  that 
the  members  of  the  board  might  hear  the  notes  which  had 
inspired  the  hearts  of  lovers  of  liberty  in  every  land.  He 
was.  interrupted  with  cries  of  ''Vive  la  Com  mane''''  and  cheers. 
Samuel  Fielden  then  took  the  stand,  amid  cheers  and  cries  of 
^^Vive  la  Coiiimune,''''  and  opened  by  saying  that  Boards  of 
Trade  were  a  curse  and  a  menace  to  the  welfare  and  com- 
fort of  the  people.  At  this  point  the  North  Side  contingent 
of  '•Reds"'  made  their  appearance,  carr^dng  red  and  black 
flags.  The  speaker,  pointing  to  these  flags,  said  that  the 
red  one  represented  the  common  blood  of  humanity — equal 
rights  of  blood,  Avhether  it  coursed  through  the  veins  of 
falsely-named  aristocrats  or  through  the  veins  of  tramps  or 
beggars.  The  other  was  the  black  flag  of  starvation,  and  it 
was  fitting  that  it  should  be  unfurled  when  a  Board  of  Trade 
is  being  opened,  for  a  Board  of  Trade  meant  starvation  for 
the  masses — privileges  for  a  few — disqualifications,  insult, 
robbery — everything  that  was  mean  and  contemptible.  The 
new  Board  of  Trade  building,  it  was  said,  cost  nearly  $2,- 
000,000.  Before  it  had  been  in  operation  many  years  it 
would  have  cost  the  people  of  Chicago  and  of  the  North- 
west $1,000,000,000.  [ Cheers  and  a  voice  "Blow  it  up  witli 
dynamite!"]  Men  had  paid  $5,000  for  memberships,  who 
had  never  in  their  lives  earned  one  single  meal.  While  the 
masses  were  being  gradually  impoverished,  while  2,500,000 
persons  were  out  of  work,  these  men  Avere  building  $2,000,- 


220  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

000  Boards  of  Trade.  This  Board  of  Trade  was  an  estab- 
lisliiuent  where  thieves  were  at  work,  and  the  commercial 
colleges  of  the  city  were  the  establishments  which  trained 
these  thieves  to  prey  upon  the  people.  [Applause],  His 
hearers  who  had  to  work  all  their  lives,  who  would  be  glad 
to  hviddle  their  families  into  any  kind  of  a  squalid  shanty, 
to  wear  the  meanest  clothes,  to  sit  down  to  the  meanest 
victuals,  to  take  a  25-cent  seat  in  a  cheap  theatre,  had  come 
out  to  express  their  opinion  and  say  that  this  thing  of  build- 
ing $2,000,000  houses  in  which  to  rob  the  people  must  be 
stopped.  [Cheers J.  Last  summer  on^  of  these  thieves  went 
on  the  Board  of  Trade  and  came  off  in  twenty-four  hours 
with  !^1, 000,000  more  to  his  credit  in  bank  than  he  had  be- 
fore. Where  did  he  get  it?  [A  voice,  "Stole  it  from  us" J. 
^'  He  stole  it  from  you  and  I,"  said  tlie  speaker.  He  hoped 
his  hearers  would  forgive  him  for  quoting  what  Jesus  Christ 
said  of  the  lily.  [Laughter].  The  profit-mongers  of  the 
United  States  toiled  not,  neither  did  they  spin,  yet  they  had 
the  best  of  everything.  The  men  who  had  put  up  the 
money  were  not  invited  to  the  grand  banquet.  [Voices, 
"We  are  going  anyway,"  "We  will  invite  ourselves,"  and 
laughter].  If  they  went  they  would  not  be  welcome,  but 
they  were  going  anyway,  [Cheers  and  cries  of  "You  are 
right,"  and  "That's  business"].  How  long  were  they  go- 
ing to  stand  this  ?  How  long  were  they  going  to  sit  down 
to  a  15-cent  meal,  with  a  piece  of  pie  thrown  in,  when  those 
fellows  sat  down  to  $20  dishes  ?  Ought  not  these  fellows  to 
be  glad  to  come  and  ask  them  if  they  could  have  a  piece  of 
pie?  But  they  allowed  themselves  to  be  robbed  by  them 
without  protest.  There  must  be  a  change,  and  they  had  to 
make  it.  [Applause].  If  they  had  the  spirit  of  manhood 
in  them  they  would  resolve  to  band  themselves  together  "to 
destroy  from  the  face  of  the  earth  every  unproductive  mem- 
ber of  society."      [Cheers]. 

A.  B.  Parsons  then  stepped  upon  the   barrel  which  was 
used  as  a  platform,  antl  said,  a  temple  was  being  dedicated  to 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANARCHY.  227 

the  God  of  Mammon,  niul  it  was  to  be  devoted  exelusiv(4y 
to  the  robbery,  the  phmder  and  the  destruction  of  the  peo- 
ple. When  the  corner-stone  of  the  Board  of  Trade  was  hiid. 
Bishop  Cheney  Avas  there  to  baptize  it.  [Derisive  Laiigii- 
terj.  What  a  truthful  follower  that  man  must  be  of  the 
tramp  Nazarene,  Jesus,  who  scourged  the  thieves  from  the 
Board  of  Trade  of  Jerusalem.  [Cheers].  And  another  pious 
man  w-as  to  take  part  in  the  present  ceremonies — the  Rev. 
Dr.  Locke.  [Cries  of  "Shoot  him,"  "Lock  him  up,"  and 
laughter].  "  Let  us  not  be  foolish,"  said  Parsons;  "let  us 
not  be  deceived  by  these  matters  any  longer.  Have  we  got 
the  right  to  live?  [Voices  "Yes"  and  "No"].  Do  we  want 
our  natural  rights  ?  [  "Yes"  ].  Then,  if  you  do,  let  every  man 
lay  up  a  part  of  his  wages,  buy  a  Colt's  navy  revolver, 
[Cheers,  and  a  voice  "  That  is  what  we  want"],  a  Winchester 
rifle  [Several  hisses  and  voices  "And  ten  pounds  of  dyna 
mite;"  "  We  will  make  that  ourselves"],  and  learn  how  to. 
make  and  to  use  dynamite.  Then  raise  the  red  flag  of  rebel- 
lion [Cries  of  "  Bravo!"],  and  strike  down  to  the  earth  every 
tyrant  that  liA^es  upon  this  globe.  [Cheers  and  cries  of 
Vive  la  Commune]  .  Until  this  is  done  .you  will  continue  to 
suffer,  to  be  plundered,  to  be  robbed,  to  be  at  the  mercy  of 
the  privileged  few.  Organize  for  the  purpose  of  rebellion, 
and  you  may  be  free."        [Cheers]. 

As  soon  as  Parsons  had  concluded,  the  order  was  given 
to  form  into  line,  and  from  the  reports  made  at  the  time  a 
description  of  the  night's  proceedings  will  be  interest- 
ing, viewed  in  the  light  of  subsequent  events.  The  main 
body  of  the  crowd  stretched  itself  along  the  middle  of  the 
street  until  it  had  a  line  about  a  block  in  length  with  five  or 
six  abreast.  These  were  the  socialists,  anarchists  and  com- 
munists. They  were  headed  by  the  brass  band.  Just  in 
front  of  the  band  red  and  black  flags  were  borne  on  lofty 
poles.  The  flags  were  carried  by  women,  four  of  whom 
walked  together  and  took  turns  with  the  staffs.  About  the 
middle  of  the  line  there  was  another  pair  of  flags,  black  and 


228  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

red,  als<>  borne  by  women,  A  large  crowd  of  spectators 
gathered  on  the  sideAvalks.  The  column  marched  south  on 
Market  street  to  Madison,  where  it  turned  east  and  contin- 
ued in  that  direction  until  Clark  street  was  reached.  The 
echo  which  redoubled  in  the  narrow  streets  seemed  to  awaken 
some  excitement,  and  the  noise  increased  with  the  length  of 
the  walk.  The  crowd,  however,  was  continually  being  aug- 
mented by  the  spectators,  who  not  only  clogged  the  side- 
walks, but  who  fell  into  line,  as  a  matter  of  convenience, 
hoping  thereby  to  be  in  better  position  to  see  the  fun,  should 
any  occur.  The  mob  got  a  good  view  of  the  new  Board  of 
Trade  building  in  passing  La  Salle  street,  which  caused  many 
alternate  expressions  of  admiration  and  disgust.  The  ex- 
citement increased  as  the  column  neared  the  illuminated 
structure,  and  many  in  the  crowd  were  becoming  gleeful 
over  the  prospect  of  a  riot,  in  which,  possibly,  some  police- 
men would  get  hurt.  The  programme  was  to  march  to  the 
very  door  of  the  building,  and  there  to  sing  the  "Marseil- 
laise" to  brass  band  accompaniment,  so  that  the  "eaters  of 
$20  pie"  could  not  fail  to  hear  their  voices  and  understand 
their  object.  Not  a  policeman  was  in  sight,  and  the  2,000 
which  composed  the  mob  were,  perhaps,  congratulating 
themselves  upon  the  fulfillment  of  a  long-cherished  desire 
to  interfere  in  some  way  with  the  pleasures  of  somebody 
supposed  to  represent  capital,  when  the  head  of  the  column 
turned  from  Clark  street  around  the  corner  of  Adams  and 
marched  west,  to  La  Salle  street. 

Superintendent  Doyle  had  been  requested  early  in  the 
morning  to  protect  the  building,  and  those  who  would  visit 
it,  from  the  threatened  serenade.  Every  policeman  in  the 
city  was  ordered  to  hold  himself  in  readiness,  and  two  hun- 
dred men  from  the  different  stations  were  required  to  report 
to  Captain  Ebersold  at  the  Harrison  street  station.  Two 
hundred  more  were  kept  in  reserve  in  the  stations,  and  the 
other  two  hundred,  of  the  six  hundred  men  comprising  the 
night  force,  were  within  easy  reach.     Twenty  minutes  after 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANARCHY.  229 

call,  six  Imndred  men  could  have  been  concentrated  in  front  of 
the  Board  of  Trade  building,  and  a  second  call  would  have  in- 
creased that  number  to  1,000,  At  9:05  o'clock  the  200  men 
detailed  for  active  services  were  divided  up  into  five  de- 
tachments and  were  marched  to  every  intersection  of  streets 
leading  to  the  building,  Capt.  Ebersold  gave  the  detach- 
ments their  positions  and  ordered  them  to  allow  no  proces- 
sion to  pass  them  in  the  direction  of  the  Board  of  Trade. 
They  were  then  marched  out  in  command  of  Inspector  Welter. 
The  divisions  were  in  command  of  Lieut.  Ward  at  Adams 
and  La  Salle  streets,  Lieut.  Sheppard  at  Jackson  street  and 
Fifth  avenue,  Lieut.  Duffy  at  Sherman  and  Van  Buren 
streets,  Lieut.  Laughlin  at  Clark  and  Jackson  streets,  and 
Lieut.  Beadell  at  Pacific  avenue  and  Van  Buren  street; 
Lieut.  Hubbard  commanded  the  men  detailed  for  service 
within  the  building.  Beside  the  squads,  a  large  number 
of  policemen  in  plain  clothing,  together  with  the  detectives, 
were  scattered  through  the  mob,  and  along  the  streets,  so 
that  the  department  was  kept  acquainted  with  everything 
that  was  going  on. 

The  band  struck  up  the  "Marseillaise"  as  the  procession 
turned  west  on  Adams  street,  and  the  mob  sang  the  revolu- 
tionary song  in  French,  German  and  English.  The  head 
of  the  column  had  just  entered  La  Salle,  when  it  was 
brought  to  a  sudden  stop.  "  Halt,"  cried  Lieut.  Ward,  and 
the  music  ceased.  August  Spies  was  in  the  lead  as  usual, 
and  walking  out  in  front  of  the  band  he  asked  in  an  indig- 
nant tone  for  the  captain  in  command. 

"  I  am  in  command,"  said  Inspector  Welter. 

"  Why  do  you  stop  us?  "  asked  Spies. 

"Because  this  street  is  too  crowded  with  carriages  and 
pedestrians  for  the  passage  of  a  procession." 

"Break  through!"  yelled  men  in  the  mob,  and  spec- 
tators on  the  sidewalks,  who  sympathized  with  the  anarch- 
ists.  "Go  in  and  enjoy  the  cut-throats'  music,"  cried  others. 

"  March  your  men  away,"  commanded  Inspector  Welter, 


230  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

addressing  Spies.  "  There  are  plenty  of  other  streets  open 
to  you.  Go  there.  Don't  stop  here  and  obstruct  the 
streets." 

The  band  struck  up  again  and  the  procession  moved 
across  La  Salle  to  Fifth  avenue.  At  Jackson  street  a  weak 
attempt  was  made  to  break  through  the  police  cordon,  but 
the  idea  was  abandoned  before  a  blow  was  struck.  When 
the  corner  of  Monroe  and  Clark  streets  was  reached,  in  the 
circuitous  return  march  around  the  Board  of  Trade  center, 
a  carriage,  containing  Mr.  Kadish,  an  old  and  respected  cit- 
izen, and  his  wife,  came  up  with  the  procession ;  some  fellow  in 
the  crowd  yelled,  "  Turn  over  the  Board  of  Trade  carriage,"' 
and  the  next  moment  a  cowardly  miscreant  threw  a  large 
cobble  stone  through  the  glass  door  of  the  carriage,  which 
struck  the  lady  in  the  face,  cutting  her  severely  and  deluging 
her  dress  with  blood.  After  this  exhibition  of  deviltry,  the 
procession  made  its  way  speedily  to  Fifth  avenue,  and  took 
a  position  in  front  of  the  Arheiter  Zeitung  office,  and  here  A. 
R.  Parsons,  appearing  at  one  of  the  windows,  made  a  speech 
to  a  crowd  numbering  about  1,000.  He  was  followed  by 
Spies,  who  edited  the  Arheiter  Zeitung.  These  speeches 
afterward  were  raised  in  judgment  against  both.  Not  con- 
tent with  advising  rebellion,  anarchy,  assassination,  ar- 
son and  plunder.  Spies  had  the  fool-hardiness  to  take  a  num- 
ber of  persons  into  his  sanctum,  where  he  exhibited  for  their 
edification  numerous  devices  which  he  claimed  "  the  peo- 
ple" would  use  in  a  short  time  to  strike  terror  into  the 
hearts  of  tyrants.  He  admitted  a  reporter  into  his  confi- 
dence and  showed  him  a  quantity  of  dynamite,  some  bombs 
and  a  perfect  armory  of  weapons.  "  If  they'd  attacked  us," 
said  one  foreigner  introduced  to  the  reporter,  "we'd  have 
fixed  them,"  and  he  pulled  a  large  six-shooter  out  of  his 
pocket.  A  dozen  others  drew  similar  weapons.  "  Every  one 
of  us  has  got  one  of  them — we're  armed  to  the  teeth,"  said 
the  confiding  anarchist.  "Come  in  here,"  said  another,  as 
he  led  the  way  to  the  printing  office.     "See  here,"  he  said: 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANARCHY.  '231 

"Every  man  in  this  parade  had  some  of  these,"  and  he 
showed  a  long  cartridge  which,  on  close  inspection,  was  found 
to  be  half  filled  with  nitro-glycerine.  "  I  guess  that  would 
have  raised  a  little  racket,"  he  added.  These  cartridges  were 
the  same  used  by  burglars  in  blowing  safes  open.  "Here's 
some  ear-splitters,"  he  remarked  jocularly,  and  he  pointed 
to  a  big  box  filled  with  cartridges  six  inches  long.  "  The 
office  is  full  of  such  stuff  as  that."  And  so  it  proved  to  be, 
many  months  afterward. 

Strange  as  it  may  appear  noAv,  there  were  no  arrests 
made,  at  least  none  of  the  leaders  were  arrested,  or  mo- 
lested, and  although  the  papers  exposed  the  anarchistic  con- 
spiracy fully,  and  called  the  attention  of  the  mayor  to  the 
desperate  character  of  the  leaders,  to  the  ignorant  brutality  of 
their  followers,  and  to  the  treasonable  doctrines  which  were 
being  propagated,  the  Arbeiter  Zeitung  and  its  editors, 
stockholders,  constituents  and  subscribers,  were  permitted 
to  go  ahead,  fomenting  discord  among  the  peaceable-minded, 
breeding  discontent  among  the  laboring  classes,  and  ferment- 
ing deviltry  among  the  ignorant  and  the  vicious.  One  of 
the  most  truthful  as  well  as  the  strongest  arguments  brought 
forward  at  a  later  day  as  a  reason  why  the  leading  conspira- 
tors against  public  order  should  be  leniently  dealt  with,  was 
based  upon  the  fact  that  for  years  the  city  authorities  had 
permitted  them  to  express  the  most  incendiary  and  treason- 
able utterances,  without  making  the  slightest  attempt  to  re- 
strain or  punish  them.  At  first  socialism  of  the  Utopian  and 
poetical  school  was  talked  by  the  men  who  desired  a  social 
revolution,  and  the  followers  of  the  socialistic  Dr.  Schmidt 
numbered  at  one  time  12,000  voters,  and  were  represented 
in  the  city  council  and  state  legislature.  Then  came  the 
propagation  of  communistic  doctrines,  not  as  they  are  un- 
derstood by  the  teachers  of  social  science,  but  as  they  were 
understood  by  the  rabble  who  sought  the  communism  of 
Paris  only,  and  from  this  point  the  descent  was  natural  and 
easy  toward  anarchistic  teachings.     Fielden  had  read  much, 

20 


232  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

and  thought  much,  and  was  ambitious  to  become  the  Dan- 
ton  of  the  American  revolution;  Parsons  was  a  raving  en- 
thusiast who  wanted  to  be  its  Marat,  and  the  ambition  of 
Spies  led  him  to  dream  that  he  might  some  day  become 
a  Robespierre,  in  a  sea-green  coat,  dictating  terms  to  the 
privileged  classes  from  the  City  Hall,  as  his  idol  had  dic- 
tated terms  to  the  royalty  and  nobility  of  France  from  the 
Hotel  d'Ville  in  Paris.  The  three  had  read  and  pondered 
over  the  history  of  the  French  revolution,  as  boys  of  weak 
intellect  read  and  ponder  over  a  cheap  novel  of  adventure, 
until,  like  the  boys  of  weak  intellect,  they  became  inspired 
with  the  Quixotic  idea  that  they  might  go  out  into  the  world, 
paralyze  society,  and  revolutionize  the  governments  of 
Christendom,  beginning,  of  course,  with  the  government  of 
the  United  States. 

They  had  already  an  armed  group;  they  had  meeting 
places  in  all  sections  of  the  city ;  they  had  missionaries  out 
among  the  workingmen;  they  printed  thousands  of  pam- 
phlets ;  they  had  a  daily  newspaper  and  they  never  missed  an 
opportunity  of  pushing  themselves  to  the  front,  or  of  dem- 
onstrating their  strength  at  workingmen's  meetings,  or  in 
political  gatherings. 

On  the  evening  of  April  30,  about  sixty  prominent  an- 
archists met  at  54  Lake  street,  when  the  only  woman  in  the 
room,  a  Mrs.  Swank,  (Sclavonic  names  predominate  among 
the  anarchists)  was  called  upon  to  preside.  At  this  meeting 
Parsons  boldly  advocated  the  use  of  dynamite  as  a  means  of 
overthrowing  the  "privileged  classes"' — /.  e.,  the  classes 
who  had  accumulated  private  property.  "Dynamite,"  he 
said,  "  is  the  gift  of  science  to  mankind  struggling  to  be 
free;  it  is  the  true  peacemaker.  The  dread  of  dynamite, 
that  terrible  destructive  agent  which  every  laborer  could  pro- 
duce at  his  own  hearthstone,  would  force  tlie  owners  of  pri- 
vate property — the  privileged  classes — to  do  justice  and  re- 
move the  cause  of  discontent. 

At  3  p.  m.,  on  Sunday,  May  3,  the  anarchists  held  a  large 


COMMUNISM.    SOCIALISM    AND    ANARCHY.  I'-iS 

meetinor  on  the  lake  front.  A.  R.  Parsons  here  addressed 
what  he  called  "The  International  Workingmen's  Associa- 
tion.'" Parsons  was  a  great  inventor  of  names,  and  he  used 
them  lavishly  in  designating  the  different  bodies  which  en- 
tered into  the  great  sedition  movement  which  he  was  endeav- 
oring to  build  lip.  Sometimes  he  called  his  followers  "The 
Workingmen's  Part}^  of  the  United  States,"  sometimes  "The 
International  Brotherhood,"  again,  "  The  International 
Workingrmen's  Association."  At  times  he  would  address  his 
hearers  as  "Fellow  Slaves,"  and  then,  by  a  strange  incon- 
sistency, wind  up  by  appealing  to  them  as  "  Citizen  Free- 
men." After  a  number  of  inflammatory  addresses  were 
made  at  the  time  mentioned.  Parsons  announced  that  meet- 
ings would  be  held  every  pleasant  Sunday  afternoon  from 
that  time  forward.  The  newspapers  with  one  accord  ap- 
pealed to  the  mayor  to  prevent  the  gathering  of  these  meet- 
ings, as  they  were  usually  attended  by  the  very  worst  ele- 
ment of  the  city's  population,  but  the  question  of  free 
speech  arose  in  his  honor's  mind  and  nothing  was  done. 

About  this  time  the  horrible  Italian  strangling  case, 
which  first  became  known  as  "  The  Trunk  Mystery,"  at- 
tracted public  attention,  and  occupied  the  time  of  the  detec- 
tive force.  In  the  solution  of  this  case,  and  the  conviction 
of  the  barbarous  assassins  who  had  a  hand  in  it.  Detectives 
Bonfield  and  Coulson  took  a  distinguished  part.  This  case 
is  referred  to  elsewhere. 

Another  meeting  of  anarchists  was  held  at  the  lake  front 
on  May  10,  and  was  addressed  by  Parsons,  Fielden  and 
Spies ;  their  language,  if  anything,  being  a  little  more  rabid 
than  ever.  "We  are  here,"  said  Parsons,  "to  consider  the 
causes  of  and  remedies  for  public  discontent.  We  are  those 
who  are  called  anarchists,  socialists,  dynamiters,  loafers, 
bummers,  rascals  and  thieves,  or  any  worse  name  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  press  can  invent."  He  was  not  in  good 
voice,  he  said,  and  would,  therefore,  introduce  Mr.  Owens. 
Mr.  Owens  proved  to  be  2.  man  after  Parsons'  own  heart,  and 


234  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

lie  talked  auarcliy  until  the  crowd  began  to  thin  out.     These 
meetings  were  held  regularly,  as  announced. 

Numerous  strikes  occurred  in  May.  The  Union  ore 
shovellers  on  the  docks,  the  Joliet  Steel  Works'  employes, 
the  stained  glass  workers,  the  employes  of  a  large  printing 
house,  and  even  the  hospital  nurses  went  out,  b\it  quiet  was 
soon  restored.  In  June,  there  were  great  railroad  strikes 
throughout  the  West,  notably  in  St.  Louis,  and  the  switch- 
men's strike  of  this  city  caused  a  great  deal  of  commotion 
and  anxiety,  keeping  the  police  busy,  but  doing  no  mischief 
outside  of  the  railroad  yards.  There  was  serious  rioting  at 
Lemont,  too,  and  some  of  the  rioters  were  shot  by  members 
of  the  state  militia,  an  occurrence  which  gave  the  anarchists 
a  fresh  text,  and  helped  to  swell  their  meetings.  Printed 
circulars,  relating  the  circumstances,  highly  colored,  of  the 
Lemont  episode,  were  distributed  by  the  anarchists,  but 
they  failed  utterly  in  their  effort  to  create  a  disturbance 
here.  It  was  not  until  June  30  that  an  opportunity,  such  as 
they  had  been  long  seeking  for,  exhibited  itself.  On  that 
day  all  the  street-car  conductors  and  drivers  employed  by 
the  West  Division  Railway  Company  went  out  on  a  strike. 
No  cars  were  run,  except  during  the  morning  on  Milwaukee 
avenue  and  Van  Baren  street.  Three  Aveeks  previous  to 
this  time,  the  conductors  and  drivers  held  a  meeting,  and 
petitioned  the  company  to  increase  and  equalize  their  wages, 
shorten  the  term  of  service  of  probationers,  and  dismiss  an 
assistant  superintendent,  who  had  made  himself  offensive 
to  the  employes.  The  company  complied  with  these  de- 
mands with  apparent  cheerfulness,  the  pay  w^as  advanced, 
the  term  of  probationers  was  shortened,  and  the  offensive 
assistant  superintendent  received  his  walking  papers.  The 
men,  at  a  meeting  subsequently,  expressed  themselves  as 
being  perfectly  satisfied  with  these  concessions,  and  it 
seemed  as  though  peace  would  continue  to  prevail  for  some 
time  to  come.  On  the  day  following  the  last  mentioned 
meeting,  however,  some  of  the  drivers  and  conductors  who 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANAKCHY.  235 

had  been  foremost  in  petitioniiiiij  the  company  were  dropped 
from  the  service,  and  between  that  time  and  June  30,  fifteen 
in  all  had  been  discharged.  It  was  evidently,  so  the  men 
said  and  believed,  tiie  aim  of  the  company  to  drop  the  men 
who  had  been  instrumental  in  forcing  the  troucc^ssions. 
After  these  dismissals  occurred,  the  carmen  met  to  consider 
the  situation,  drew  up  resolutions,  and  sent  an  appeal  to  the 
company,  asking  for  justice,  A  person  connected  with  the 
company's  business  office  received  this  appeal,  and,  the  car- 
men claimed,  tore  it  up  contemptuously  in  the  presence  of 
the  committee.  This  irritated  the  men  greatly.  Another 
meeting  was  called  at  which  it  was  stated  that  many  more 
of  the  conductors  and  drivers  Avould  be  discharged,  but  that 
the  company  required  their  attendance  as  witnesses  in  dam- 
age suits  then  pending.  The  meeting,  after  considering  the 
subject  carefully,  decided  that  it  was  best  to  bring  the  com- 
pany to  terms  by  ordering  a  strike. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  the  30th,  the  conductors  and 
drivers  of  the  Halsted  street  line  were  at  the  barn,  but  re^ 
fused  to  take  out  their  cars.  Lieut.  Byrne,  of  the  Deering 
street  station,  was  present  with  a  small  squad,  but  there  was 
no  trouble  to  call  them  into  active  service,  and  the  best  good 
humor  prevailed.  At  the  Western  avenue  stables  the  men 
were  present  in  full  force,  but  refused  to  work.  Captain 
(now  inspector)  Bonfield  was  on  the  ground  with  a  squad, 
and  later,  a  number  of  deputy  sheriffs  reported  for  duty.  A 
driver  and  conductor  having  been  seciired  by  the  company, 
Deputy  Sheriff  McCartney  took  a  position  by  the  driver's 
side,  and  the  car  started  toward  Madison  street,  amid  the 
jeering  and  hooting  of  the  crowd.     The  car  made  the  trip. 

Superintendent  Doyle  had  instructed  Captain  O'Donnell 
to  look  after  the  barns  in  the  second  precinct,  Captain  Bon- 
field in  the  third,  and  Captain  Hathaway  in  the  fourth. 
The  sheriff  detailed  deputies  to  act  independently  of  or  in 
conjunction  with  the  police  force.  During  the  first  day  of 
the  strike  the  men  behaved  themselves  in  a  praiseworthy  man- 


236  THE     CHICAGO    POLICE. 

ner.  The  sympathy  of  the  public  was  with  them;  AVest 
Siders,  male  and  female,  young  and  old,  walked  to  and  from 
their  places  of  business  cheerfully,  and  suffered  all  manner 
of  inconvenience,  in  the  hope  that  the  carmen  would  win. 
On  the  second  day,  enterprising  individuals  began  to  take 
advantage  of  the  street-car  lock-up,  and  the  West  Side 
arteries  soon  swarmed  with  omnibuses,  express  wagons, 
furniture  trucks,  rheumatic  hacks,  wheezy  carriages,  and 
broken-down  vehicles  of  every  shape  and  condition,  the 
drivers  of  which  were  all  engaged  in  soliciting  and  obtain- 
ing patronage  at.  from  3  cents  to  10  cents  per  passenger. 
The  people  not  only  bore  the  ordeal  with  patience,  but 
rather  enjoyed  the  novelty  of  the  situation,  and  not  a  mur- 
mur was  raised  against  the  strikers.  That  day  the  carmen 
issued  the  following: 

To  THE  People  of  Chicago: — The  conductors  and  drivers  of  the 
"West  Division  Railway  Company  desire  the  public  to  explicitly  under- 
stand that  they  do  not  desire  to  be  judges  of  whom  the  company  shall 
employ  or  discharge,  but  on  this  occasion,  considering  the  efficiency  of 
the  discharged  men,  and  their  long  terms  of  service  in  the  employment, 
it  is,  in  our  estimation,  a  spiteful  and  arbitrary  act  on  the  part  of  the 
officials.  If  the  company  can  produce  and  substantiate  their  charges 
against  those  men,  we  are  willing  to  abide  by  the  decision  of  the  public. 

The  public  decided  that  the  men  were  right  and  the  strike 
went  on.  On  the  forenoon  of  July  1  the  company  made  an 
effort  to  run  its  cars  from  the  Western  avenue  barn.  A  plan 
had  been  decided  upon  over  night,  and  in  accordance  with 
this  three  cars  made  their  appearance  almost  simultaneously 
on  the  street.  The  first  was  No.  504,  and  was  in  charge  of 
C.  W.  Howe  as  conductor  and  G.  W.  Nash  as  driver.  Sup- 
porting these  were  eight  policemen.  The  second  was  576, 
in  charge  of  J.  V.  Boswell,  conductor,  and  Thomas  Snow, 
driver,  and  seven  policemen.  The  third  was  No.  500,  in 
charge  of  H.  Adams,  conductor,  F.  A.  Skinner,  driver,  and 
fifteen  deputy  sheriffs.  The  conductors  and  drivers  were 
either  new  men  or  barn  employes,  and  they  looked  anything 
but  comfortable  as  they  passed  through  the  street  which, 


JOHN   CROAK. 
Lieut.   Comdg.  West   Twelfth   St.  Disttict. 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANARCHY.  237 

from  the  barn  to  Madison  street,  was  thronged  l)y  idlers  and 
roughs  who  now  began  to  take  a  prominent  part  in  the  pro- 
ceedinofs,  to  the  exclusion  of  the  carmen.  Policemen  had 
been  stationed  at  intervals,  and  in  good-sized  squads  around 
the  corner,  and  for  a  block  or  two  down  Mailison  street,  and 
although  the  crowd  hooted  at  and  insulted  the  drivers,  con- 
ductors, deputy  sheriffs  and  officers,  it  was  kept  well  out  of 
the  track,  and  the  cars  proceeded,  closely  together  in  a  block, 
toward  the  east.  Two  patrol  wagons  actetl  as  an  advance 
guard  and  after  passing  through  the  densest  part  of  the  crowd 
wagons  and  cars  traveled  at  a  brisk  speed.  Laborers  em- 
ployed along  the  street,  as  well  as  pedestrians,  hooted  the 
procession,  bat  it  proceeded,  unmindful  of  all  remarks, 
toward  the  South  Side.  Randolph  and  State  street  was 
reached  at  11:50,  the  down  trip  having  been  made  in  30  min- 
utes. It  was  noon  when  the  cars  reached  Madison  street  bridge 
on  their  return  trip,  and  at  that  time  the  employes  of  all  the 
factories  west  of  the  river,  for  three  or  four  blocks  on  either 
side  of  Madison  street,  were  let  out  for  their  dinner  hour. 
These  naturally  gravitated  toward  the  main  West  Side  artery, 
where  it  was  but  reasonable  to  expect  that  there  would  be 
excitement,  in  view  of  the  carmen's  strike.  As  the  first  pa- 
trol wagon  was  sighted  yells  went  up  from  the  crowds,  and 
stones,  dirt,  and  other  missiles  within  reach,  began  to  fly. 
From  Desplaines  to  Halsted,  and  even  beyond,  the  fusilade 
was  kept  up,  but  no  more  serious  attack  was  made.  The  po- 
licemen in  the  wagons  and  cars,  as  well  as  the  deputy  sheriffs, 
behaved  with  admirable  coolness,  and  bore  the  assault  and 
the  insults  with  good  humored  resignation  in  the  main.  At 
Halsted  street  a  young  tough  aimed  a  stone  at  Captain  Bon- 
field's  head.  That  officer  saw  him,  and  quick  as  a  flash 
pulled  his  revolver  and  fired,  aiming  low  so  as  to  merely  dis- 
able the  fellow.  But  the  ball  missed  its  mark,  when  he 
collared  the  miscreant  and  threw  him  bodily  into  the  patrol 
wagon.  Deputy  Sheriff  George  F.  Horton  was  struck  by  a 
stone  which  crashed  through  the  glass  window  of  the  street- 


238  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

car,  and  cut  liim  severely  iu  the  face.  At  Hal^ted  street 
Mayor  Harrison  disarmed  a  man  who,  with  a  pickaxe,  was 
endeavoring  to  rip  up  the  track,  and  turned  him  over  to  tlie 
police. 

As  the  cars  passed  Madison  and  Carpenter  streets  Officer 
M.  W.  O'Brien  arrested  a  young  man  named  John  Sullivan 
for  throwing  stones.  Sullivan,  making  a  loud  outcry,  re- 
sisted the  officer,  and  soon  an  immense  crowd  surrounded 
the  two.  It  became  apparent  at  once  that  the  sympathies  of 
the  crowd  were  with  Sullivan,  and  cries  of  "Rescue  him," 
" Kill  the  copper,"  and  '"Hang  him,"  came  from  the  mob.  Not 
less  than  three  thousand  excited  men  were  yelling  at  one 
time.  When  the  cry  "  Hang  him"  was  heard  a  man  jumped 
off  an  express  wagon,  rope  in  hand,  ready  to  assist  in  the  cere- 
mony. All  this  time  Officer  O'Brien  kept  a  tight  grip  on  his 
prisoner,  and  with  revolver  drawn  bravely  faced  the  howling 
mob.  Little  by  little  he  backed  toward  the  sidewalk,  and 
then  to  a  store  front,  where  he  looked  at  the  crowd  with  de- 
termination bordering  on  defiance.  The  mob  was  momenta- 
rily becoming  more  threatening,  and  just  as  it  was  closing  in 
upon  the  policeman  a  young  hero  named  F.  E.  Sullivan 
elbowed  his  way  through,  took  a  position  at  Officer  O'Brien's 
side,  pulled  a  revolver  and  threatened  to  kill  the  first  man 
who  should  attempt  a  rescue.  This  encouraged  some  other 
law-abiding  people  in  the  crowd,  and  Officer  O'Brien  soon  had 
a  body-guard  around  him.  The  prisoner  was  quickly  placed 
in  a  hack,  and  before  the  mob  realized  it,  was  on  his  way  to 
the  Desplaines  street  station. 

Early  in  the  morning  there  was  trouble  all  along  South 
Halsted  street — there  is  always  trouble  along  South  Halsted 
street  when  there  is  trouble  anywhere  else.  Deputy  sheriffs 
had  attempted  to  move  a  car,  but  the  moVi  unhitched  tlie 
horses  and  upset  the  car  on  the  side  of  the  street.  Several 
cars  which  had  been  started  out,  insufficiently  guarded,  were 
treated  in  a  like  manner  on  Madison  street.  On  Lake,  Iho 
excitement  was  so  great,  for  a  time,  as  to  attract  the   croud 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANARCHY.  239 

from  Madison  street.  Things  looked  quiet,  and  before  the 
street -car  people  had  heard  from  the  first  detachment  sent 
out,  they  attempted  to  start  some  other  cars,  placed  in  charge 
of  deputy  slieriffs,  who  agreed  to  drive.  Deputy  Sheriff 
Finn  Avas  struck  by  a  stone  on  the  side  of  the  head,  as  his 
car  reached  Leavitt  street,  and  the  trip  had  to  be  abandoned. 

On  the  morning  of  July  2d,  greatly  to  the  surprise  of 
the  strikers,  the  mob  and  the  public  in  general,  the  company 
made  no  effort  to  move  its  cars.  A  conference  had  been 
held  between  the  street-car  and  the  city  officials,  and  it  was 
decided  that  a  determined  and  systematic  effort  would  be 
made  next  day  to  break  the  back  of  the  strike  and  establish 
street-car  communication  between  the  West  and  South  Sides. 
During  the  evening  Superintendent  Doyle,  Lieutenant  Shea, 
of  the  detective  force,  Lieutenant  Hubbard,  of  the  Central 
detail,  and  other  police  officers,  held  a  consultation  to  deter- 
mine what  course  to  pursue.  It  was  a  council  of  war,  and  at 
its  conclusion  Superintendent  Doyle  informed  the  representa- 
tives of  the  press  that  if  the  company  ilecided  to  run  its  cars 
next  day  the  police  department,  while  it  could  not  supply 
drivers  or  conductors  from  the  force,  would  do  all  in  its 
power  to  protect  the  company's  employes  and  property,  and 
to  preserve  the  peace.  Captain  Bt)nfield  said,  vipon  being 
questioned,  "If  the  railway  company  wants  to  run  its  cars  it 
is  entitled  to  protection  and  should  have  it.  The  cars  shall 
be  run  if  the  company  desire  it,  and  people  wdio  do  not  wish 
to  get  hurt  had  better  keep  out  of  the  way."  The  Central 
detail  was  ordered  to  report  at  G  :30  on  the  morning  of  the 
third — a  half  h<^ur  earlier  than  usual. 

Mayor  Harrison  suggested  arbitration  all  this  time,  but 
President  Jones,  of  the  railway  company,  said  he  did  not  see 
that  there  was  anything  to  arbitrate.  All  the  men  asked  for, 
he  said,  was  their  peremptory  reinstatement,  and  if  this  de- 
mand were  complied  with  it  would  carry  with  it  the  implica- 
tion that  the  men  and  not  the  company  should  dictate  who 
should  b(>  (Mnployed  and  who  discharged 


240  THE   (;hicago    police. 

A  mass  meeting  of  the  striking  carmen  and  their  sympa- 
thizers was  held  at  the  Haymarket  that  night,  and  among  the 
speakers  was  Congressman  (then  alderman)  Frank  Lawler, 
who  said  it  was  a  shame  that  the  street-car  conductors  and 
drivers  should  be  driven  to  this  means  of  enforcing  a  prin- 
ciple which  all  men  admitted  to  be  correct  and  laudable. 
The  street-car  company  was  making  very  poor  returns  for 
the  franchises  and  benefits  which  had  been  heaped  upon  it. 
and  added:  '"The  company  will  learn  that  it  must  take  back 
the  old  employes.  It  must  realize  that  unless  it  carries  out 
its  agreement  with  the  people  [to  run  its  cars  regularly]  the 
city  council  in  session  next  Monday  night  will  say  '  We  can- 
cel and  revoke  your  charter."'  " 

Popular  opinion  was  so  strongly  on  the  side  of  the 
strikers  that  nearly  all  the  men  arrested  were  discharged 
without  punishment,  and  in  response  to  the  request  of  a 
committee  Mayor  Harrison  released  the  man  whom  he  had 
himself  arrested  at  Halsted  street,  for  attempting  to  tear  up 
the  track.  L.  Z.  Leiter,  a  stockholder  in  the  company,  called 
upon  the  mayor  and  protested  that  the  city  was  threatened 
with  anarchy,  at  the  same  time  demanding  that  the  laAvful 
authorities  should  make  themselves  felt.  The  mayor  replied 
that  in  mingling  with  the  crowds  he  found  that  nine  out  of 
every  ten  citizens  were  in  sympathy  with  the  strikers,  and 
that  the  wisest  and  speediest  way  of  bringing  about  a  settle- 
ment was  by  submitting  the  question  in  dispute  to  arbitration. 
Again  the  carmen  addressed  the  public,  submitting  a  long 
statement  of  their  grievances,  and  complaining  particularly 
of  the  treatment  they  had  received  at  the  hands  of  James  K. 
Lake,  the  su})erintendent,  whom  they  held  responsible  for 
the  entire  difficulty. 

Between  5  and  6  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  July  3d,  foiu* 
hundred  policemen,  detailed  from  the  different  districts, 
reported  for  duty  at  the  Desplaines  street  station.  Captain 
Bonfield,  in  whose  district  most  of  the  trouble  had  occurred, 
and  where  the  troubles  of  the  day  just  opening  were  expected 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANARCHY.  241 

to  occur,  was  placed  in  command  of  the  entire  force,  the 
captains  })rosent  from  other  precincts  acting  under  his  orders. 
Superintendent  Doyle,  however,  was  present,  and  when  all 
had  reported,  and  the  men  were  ready  to  inarch,  he  addressed 
them  from  the  steps  of  the  station,  as  folloAVS: 

You  have  all  been  on  review  and  dress  parade  in  fine  form.  To-day 
you  will  probably  have  a  different  kind  of  duty,  and  I  want  this  depart- 
ment to  show  itself.  Whatever  your  private  views  or  mine  may  be,  prop- 
erty must  be  defended,  the  law  must  be  upheld  and  you  are  its  defenders. 
Each  division  has  its  commanders  and  they  assume  all  responsibility. 
Pay  strict  attention  to  yoiir  commanders;  they  will  tell  you  what  to  do. 
Wait  for  orders.     I  am  sure  you  will  do  your  duty.     Move! 

Seventeen  patrol  wagons,  loaded  down  with  blue-coats, 
speeded  west  on  Washington  boulevard.  Between  Ashland 
and  Western  avenues,  on  Madison  street,  these  wagons  were 
posted  at  intervals  on  the  cross  streets,  close  to  the  corners, 
the  horses'  heads  facing  north  and  south.  Looking  up  or 
down  Madison  street  they  could  not  be  seen,  but  they  were 
so  many  hidden  forts  covering  the  thoroughfare,  and  ready 
at  a  moment's  notice  to  sweep  it  clean.  From  the  wagons 
patrolmen  were  sent  east  and  west  along  the  street,  stationed 
so  as  to  cover  the  sections  between  the  avenues  mentioned. 
It  was  the  duty  of  these  outposts  to  prevent  the  gathering  of 
crowds,  and  to  compel  all  persons  to  keep  moving.  But  the 
crowds  were  dense,  and  the  policemen  were  not  inclined  to» 
be  too  severe.  While  they  were  not  wanting  in  courage  or 
in  fidelity  to  the  city,  yet  they  could  not  but  sympathize  with 
the  strike,  like  everybody  else,  and  this  made  them  too  leni- 
ent with  tlie  other  sympathizers.  A  detachment  of  200  po- 
licemen started,  as  the  wagons  left,  and  marched  west  on 
Madison  street,  leaving  strong  details  at  Halsted  street,  Og- 
den  avenue  and  other  threatening  points.  The  street  was 
lined  with  people,  as  though  a  great  procession  was  expected 
to  pass. 

An  attempt  was  made  here  to  start  ten  cars  from  the 
barn,  but  the  third  car  had  scarcely  reached  Madison  street 
before  Danielson,  the  driver,  was  pulled  ofP  the  platform  by 

*16 


242  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

the  mob.  Captain  Bonfield  [see  Chapter  XVII]  rescued  him 
and  placed  him  on  his  car.  It  was  at  this  point  that  Captain 
Bonfield  arranged  the  cars  into  "blocks."  Taking  nine  cars 
he  divided  them  into  three  divisions.  The  first  of  each  di- 
vision Avas  an  open  car,  loaded  with  policemen,  facing  front; 
the  second  was  a  closed  car,  guarded  by  twenty  policemen, 
inside  and  on  the  platforms,  to  be  used  as  a  prison  van  or  am- 
bulance ;  the  third  was  an  open  car,  loaded  with  blue-coats, 
facing  back.  These  three  divisions  having  been  arranged, 
Captain  Bonfield  took  his  position  at  the  head  of  a  double 
advance  platoon,  covering  the  entire  width  of  the  street,  and 
his  famous  march  began. 

Just  as  the  start  was  about  to  be  made  the  mob  attempted 
to  close  in  on  the  police  and  storm  the  cars,  when  Capt. 
Bonfield  called  upon  the  crowd  to  fall  back.  "  You  must  not 
molest  us."  he  shouted,  loud  enough  to  be  heard  by  the  en- 
tire crowd  in  the  vicinity;  "you  have  all  been  Avarned,  and 
now  I  repeat  that  unless  you  disperse  you  will  get  hurt." 
There  was  no  reason  to  assume  that  Capt.  Bonfield  did  not 
mean  what  he  said.  He  was  placed  with  his  men  in  a  des- 
perate position.  He  must  carry  out  the  orders  he  had  him- 
self given.  To  hesitate  now,  in  the  face  of  any  conse- 
quences, would  liring  the  entire  police  establishment  into 
disgrace,  and  law  and  order  into  ridicule  and  contempt. 
What  had  been  undertaken  must  be  carried  out  at  all  haz- 
ards. It  were  madness  to  spare  a  few  heads  or  a  few  limbs, 
or  even  a  few  lives,  if  they  stood  in  the  way  here,  for  to 
spare  them  now  would  mean  a  wholesale  massacre  in  case 
the  police  failed  and  the  military  were  placed  in  control. 
He  was  dreadfully  earnest  as  he  spoke  to  the  mob,  his  face 
almost  white,  and  his  voice  trembling  with  suppressed  emo- 
tion. Scarcely  had  he  finished  before  a  stone  was  hurled  at 
the  police.  "Shoot  the  first  man  that  throws  a  stone! 
March!"  he  commanded. 

There  have  been  more  dreadful,  bloodier  marches  than 
this,  but  certainly  very  few  in  which  the  commanding  offi- 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANARCHY.  243 

cers  and  their  men  were  so  completely  at  the  mercy  of  their 
assailants.  Capt.  Bonfield  knew,  and  every  man  in  his 
command  knew,  that  the  police  had  taken  the  unpopular 
side  of  the  fight.  If  they  didn't  know  it  at  first,  the  yells, 
hootings,  jeers,  sneers,  insults,  curses,  missiles,  which  were 
piled  upon  them  after  leaving  Western  avenue,  soon  brought 
them  to  a  realization  of  it.  The  mob  had  to  fly  before  the 
advancing  column  of  bhie-coats,  but  the  rioters  hurled  back 
defiance  and  stones  as  they  fled. 

Between  Western  avenue  and  Leavitt  street  the  mob 
raised  a  barricade  of  lumber,  gas  pipe,  curb  stones,  beer 
kegs,  etc.,  across  the  street.  Building  was  going  on  in  the 
vicinity,  and  there  was  plenty  of  material  for  obstructing 
the  progress  of  the  police  at  hand.  As  fast  as  the  police 
removed  these  obstructions  others  were  raised,  and  this 
method  of  warfare  began  to  assume  an  appearance  so  de- 
cidedly Parisian  and  communistic  in  character  that  Capt. 
Bonfield  became  satisfied  of  the  presence  of  anarchistic 
leaders  in  the  mob.  And  he  was  right.  They  had  not  only 
mingled  with  the  crowds  for  the  past  three  days,  but  they 
had  been  the  instigators  of  nearly  all  the  violence  that  had 
been  attempted.  They  hoped  before  Bonfield  could  reach 
Halsted  street  to  have  created  a  general  uprising.  But  few 
of  the  conductors  or  drivers  were  in  the  mob.  It  was  com- 
posed almost  wholly  now  of  roughs,  socialists,  thieves,  and 
foolish  respectable  people,  who  meant  no  harm,  but  contrib- 
uted toward  doing  a  great  deal  of  it.  These  foolish  respect- 
able people  were  pushed  toward  the  front,  and  the  thugs, 
thieves  and  anarchists  threw  stones  and  insults  at  the  police 
over  their  heads.  In  the  different  charges  made  by  Bon- 
field's  men  many  of  these  "innocent  people"  were  badly 
hurt,  but  it  was  as  plain  then  as  it  is  now,  that  had  they 
been  elsewhere,  attending  to  their  business,  they  would  have 
escaped  injury. 

As  the  mob  was  routed  from  one  stronofhold  after  an- 
other,  it  consolidated  in  advance  of  the  police.     At  Leavitt 


244  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

street  a  brick  building  was  in  course  of  construction.  From 
the  material  piled  on  the  street  the  mob  pulled  five  twenty- 
foot  iron  girders,  and  laid  them  across  the  tracks.  On  these 
they  piled  timber,  gas  pipes,  brick,  and  other  material,  until 
they  had  a  barricade  five  or  six  feet  high.  Entrenched  be- 
hind this  they  taunted,  insulted  and  pelted  the  police,  while 
other  obstructions  in  front  were  being  cleared  away.  The 
policemen  went  to  work  patiently  and  with  a  will,  and  soon 
opened  the  street  for  traffic.  No  shots  were  fired.  At 
Hoyne  avenue  a  number  of  men,  employed  by  the  gas  com- 
pany in  putting  down  a  new  main,  had  covered  the  track  for 
half  a  block  with  two  feet  of  black  clay,  which  had  to  be 
cleared  away  before  the  cars  could  pass.  Of  course  this 
was  done  with  malicious  intent,  and  a  number  of  the  men 
were  arrested.  At  Honore  street  there  was  another  barri- 
cade, and  a  charge  was  made  on  the  mob.  The  street  was 
again  opened,  but  the  police  met  with  obstructions  at  nearly 
every  corner,  and  the  club  had  to  be  used  freely.  At  Peoria, 
Green,  Halsted  and  Union  streets,  rough  crowds  had  as- 
sembled, and  the  police  had  reason  to  fear  a  desperate 
attack  before  the  bridge  was  reached;  but  the  demeanor  of 
Bonfield  and  his  command  kept  the  mob  at  bay,  although 
the  vilest  epithets  were  hurled  from  the  crowd,  and  missiles 
were  thrown  with  unceasing  regularity  and  admirable  pre- 
cision. The  policemen  used  their  clubs  whenever  neces- 
sary, and  the  taps  which  they  gave  were  not  gentle,  by  any 
means.  The  mob  saw  that  business  was  meant,  and,  seeing 
this,  it  gradually  but  reluctantly  withdrew.  The  trip  fi-om 
Desplaines  street  to  State  was  without  incident,  and  the 
return  trip  was  a  comparatively  easy  one,  as  the  police  sta- 
tioned along  West  Madison  street  had  prevented  the  re- 
assembling of  crowds,  and  saw  that  no  obstructions  were 
placed  on  the  track.  Western  avenue  was  reached  at  9 :  20, 
the  trip  back  having  consumed  only  an  hour.  Here  the  horses 
were  changed,  and  the  nine  cars,  manned  and  led  as  before, 
started  upon  their  second  journey.     At  Hoyne  avenue  the 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANARCHY.  245 

mayor  ordered  the  police  to  prevent  the  crowd  from  getting- 
on  the  sides  of  the  street,  it  being  his  idea  that  the  thorough- 
fare should  be  swept  clean.  At  Robey  street  the  verandas 
of  several  houses  Avere  occupied  by  women,  who  were  evi- 
dently in  sympathy  with  the  strike,  and  were  not  ashamed :, 
to  proclaim  it.  They  reviled  the  police  as  they  passed.  On  1 
the  sidewalk  in  front  of  them  was  a  large  crowd  of  men,  who 
appeared  to  be  enjoying  the  remarks  made  by  the  women. 
The  ofl&cers  charged  upon  these  fellows,  when  all  save  one 
broke  and  fled.  This  was  a  young  man,  and  he  held  his 
ground  boldly  and  defiantly.  He  was  told  to  move,  but 
refused  to  stir.  Then  he  was  clubbed,  and  pushed  into  a 
yard  opening  on  the  street,  the  women  in  the  meantime 
berating  the  ofl&cers,  and  crying,  "Don't  touch  Fred;  don't 
you  dare  touch  Fred,"  and  shaking  their  fists  at  the  blue- 
coats.  But  Fred  was  all  unconscious  of  the  subsequent 
proceedings,  and  when  he  awoke  a  radical  change  had 
taken  place  in  his  views  respecting  the  rights  of  free-born 
citizens.  At  3  p.  m.,  when  the  cars  arrived  at  State  and 
Madison  street,  the  crowd  was  great,  but  peaceable.  For 
the  first  time  now  the  cars  began  to  receive  passengers,  and 
a  procession  of  five  cars  started  west  from  State  street, 
made  up  as  follows:  The  first  was  occupied  exclusively  by 
the  police.  This  was  an  open  car  Then  came  a  closed 
car,  which  received  passengers,  the  third  and  fourth  had 
more  passenger*,  and  the  fifth  was  packed  with  policemen. 
At  5  p.  m.  the  remainder  of  the  cars  left  State  street,  car- 
rying about  eighty  passengers,  m  the  order  named  above.. 
The  first  was  an  open  car,  managed  by  Captain  (now  super- 
intendent) Ebersold,  Lieutenant  Shea,  Lieutenant  Laughlin, 
and  fifty -two  men.  Next  came  cars  guarded  by  policemen  and 
well  filled  with  passengers,  and  the  last  car  was  occupied  by 
policemen,  under  command  of  Lieutenant  Arch. 

During  the  day,  about  twenty-five  persons  had  been  badly 
clubbed,  and  loud  complaints  were  made  by  those  who  had 
been  in  the  crowd,  and  the  friends  and  relatives  of  the  injured 

21 


246  THE     CHICAGO    POLICE. 

persons.  Among  the  first  to  complain  of  the  police  manage- 
ment was  President  Billings,  of  the  West  Side  Gas  Company, 
who  protested  to  Mayor  Harrison  against  the  arrest  of  the 
men  who  had  thrown  clay  on  the  track.  To  him  the  mayor 
said:  "You  are  a  stockholder  in  the  street-car  company 
which  has  called  upon  me  for  protection.  Your  men  vio- 
lated the  laws,  and  because  we  arrest  them,  you  make  a  row 
about  it.  That  is  a  pretty  position  you  have  placed  your- 
self in."  This  incident  occurred  on  West  Madison  street, 
and  the  crowd  seeing  through  the  situation,  cheered  the 
mayor.  Complaints  were  made  at  headquarters,  at  the 
mayor's  office,  and  in  the  newspapers,  of  the  alleged  brutality 
of  the  police.  Most  of  these  complaints  were  directed  against 
Captain  Bonfield,  As  a  rule,  the  newspapers  sustained  and 
defended  him.  '•  The  police,"  said  Superintendent  Doyle, 
"  have  in  every  instance  ordered  the  people  to  move  on. 
When  they  didn't  comply  with  the  order,  they  were  moved 
by  force.  No  one  was  clubbed  for  the  fun  of  clubbing  him. 
None  of  the  officers  went  on  to  the  cars  for  fun.  Something 
had  to  be  done  to  maintain  law  and  order  in  the  city.  Citi- 
zens do  not  seem  to  understand  that  they  have  no  right  to 
congregate  on  the  street  corners  or  in  the  streets.  An  ordi- 
nance prohibits  it.  They  must  go  along  quietly  about  their 
business.  If  they  stand  around  they  violate  the  ordinance 
by  refusing  to  move  on  when  commanded.  If  citizens  would 
obey  the  law  there  would  be  no  trouble." 

The  mayor  said.  "Several  gentlemen  have  called  upon 
me  and  asked  why  I  did  not  order  the  police  to  shoot  into 
the  crowd.  I  sent  for  Captain  Bonfield,  against  whom  com- 
plaints are  made,  and  he  said  to  me,  '  Mr.  Mayor,  I  am  do- 
ing this  in  mercy  to  the  people.  A  club  to-day,  to  make 
them  scatter,  may  save  the  use  of  a  pistol  to-morrow.'" 

On  the  morning  of  July  4,  the  papers  announced  that 
several  suits  would  be  commenced  against  the  city  by  the 
persons  clubbed;  that  Captain  Bonfield  would  be  pros- 
ecuted, and  that  warrants  would  be  sworn  out  against  him.    In 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANARCHY.  247 

reply  to  questions,  Captain  Bonfield  said  he  had  heard  noth- 
ing of  suits  or  warrants,  and  refused  to  say  anything  in  de- 
fense of  his  own  conduct,  leaving  that  to  the  verdict  of  the 
public,  when  tlie  popular  mind  had  become  cooler.  A 
detective  informed  him  that  a  plot  had  been  discovered, 
which  had  for  its  object  the  taking  of  his  life.  He  smiled 
and  made  no  comment.  The  backbone  of  the  riot  was 
broken.  Bonfield  could  afford  to  wait  patiently  for  a  change 
of  public  sentiment,  and  although  the  workingmen  of  the 
city  were  bitter  against  him  at  first,  and  the  Knights  of 
Labor  denounced  him,  yet  it  became  clearer,  as  the  days 
rolled  by,  that  he  had  simply  performed  his  duty,  nothing 
more,  nothing  less. 

The  following  correspondence  passed  on  the  evening  of 

the  3d: 

Mayor's  Office,  Chicago,  July  3. 
Mr.  J.  R.  Jones,  President  West  Division  Railway  Company. 

Dear  Sir: — I  have  use  for  all  my  force  to-morrow,  on  account  of  the 
large  number  of  fires,  accidents  and  disturbances  occurring  every  Fourth 
of  July,  making  necessary  the  use  of  the  entire  police  and  fire  depart- 
ments, and  leaving  them  wearied  the  following  day;  and  m  the  excited 
state  of  public  feeling,  it  is  impossible  to  run  your  cars  for  the  general 
transportation  of  passengers  on  your  lines.  I  therefore  hope  you  will 
not,  under  the  circumstances,  urge  your  call  on  me  for  protection  in  run- 
-uing  your  cars  to-morrow  and  Sunday.  Respectfully, 

Carter  H.  Harrison,  Mayor. 

To  which  the  following  reply  was  made: 

Office  of  the  Chicago  West  Division  Railway  Company,  ) 

Chicago,  July  3.      ) 
The  Hon.  Carter  H.  Harrison,  Mayor. 

Dear  Sir:— I  beg  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  communica- 
tion of  this  date,  and  to  hasten  to  reply  that  I  entirely  agree  with  you  in 
the  opinion  that  it  will  be  unwise  to  attempt  to  run  our  cars  to-morrow 
and  next  day.  We  shall  be  ready  to  commence  in  earnest  next  Monday 
morning,  and  I  beg  to  express  the  hope  that  you  will  then  be  in  a  position 
to  continue  to  render  us  the  same  efficient  aid  which  you  are  now  ren- 
dering. Your  obedient  servant, 

J.  R.  Jones,  President. 

All  was  quiet  and  peaceable  on  Saturday  the  Fourth  of 
July,  and  on  Sunday,  although  the  streets  were  constantly 


248  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

jam  Hied  with  vehicles  engaged  in  passenger  traffic,  and  more 
or  less  hilarity  was  indulged  in  by  the  people.  The  mayor 
still  urged  arbitration,  and  suggested  three  of  the  Circuit 
judges  as  arbiters.  The  carmen  took  kindly  to  the  sugges- 
tion and  selected  Judge  Preudergast.  The  street-car  people 
would  not  consent,  President  Jones  replying  that  the  com- 
pany was  acting  within  its  rights,  and  lawfully,  and  pro- 
tested that  it  should  be  placed  upon  a  level  with  men  who 
had  openly  violated  the  law.  On  Monday  morning  the  fol- 
lowing was  issued: 

Where  s,  The  excitement  growing  out  of  the  strike  of  the  con- 
ductors and  drivers  of  the  West  Division  Street  Railway  Company,  did 
during  the  last  week  cause  acts  of  lawlessness  to  be  committed  when 
said  company  attempted  to  operate  its  cars;  and 

Whereas,  Such  lawless  acts  would  have  been  to  a  great  extent 
avoided  if  citizens  had  not  congregated  aloug  the  streets  when  the  cars 
were  being  operated,  or  had  dispersed  when  ordered  so  to  do  by  the  po- 
lice, as  they  should  have  done  under  the  law;  and 

Whereas,  Said  company  has.  notified  me  that  its  cars  will  again  be 
operated  in  accordance  with  chartered  rights  and  duty,  Monday,  the  6th 
day  of  July  instant;  therefore,  for  the  sake  of  peace  and  of  the  good  name 
of  Chicago,  ani  for  the  preservation  of  life  and  property,  notice  is  hereby 
given  that  the  people  must  refrain  from  congregating  on  the  streets  when 
the  cars  <  'f  said  company  are  being  run,  until  all  excitement  shall  have 
subsided,  and  that  all  persons  must  immediately  move  on  when  ordered 
so  to  do  by  the  police;  and 

Notice  is  further  given,  that  the  police  of  Chicago  must  and  will,  at 
all  hazards,  i)rotect  the  property  of  said  company,  while  in  jjerformance 
of  its  chartered  rights,  and  must  and  will  protect  the  servants  of  said 
company  while  engaged  in  their  lawful  duties. 

I  do  most  earnestly  appeal  to  all  citizens  to  aid  in  protecting  the 
good  name  of  Chicago. 

Carter  H.  Harrison,  Mayor. 

The  socialists,  at  their  regular  Sunday  meeting  on  tlio  lake 
front,  used  Bonfield's  march  for  a  text,  and  Spies  and  Fielden, 
who  made  speeches,  advised  the  street-car  men  and  all  other 
workingmen  to  buy  guns  and  fight  for  their  rights  like 
men.  Notice  Avas  given  by  Alderman  Weber  at  a  West  Side 
mass  meeting  that  he  would  move  the  revocation  of  the  com- 
pany's charter  in  the  council  Monday  night.  The  best  the 
company  could  do    was    to    run  thirty-three  cars   on  Mou- 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANAKCHY.  249 

clay,  being  short  of  men,  and  there  being  few  who  were  will- 
ing to  take  the  places  offered;  the  disposition  of  the  public 
grew  more  hostile  to  the  corporation,  and  at  length  Presi- 
dent Jones  was  forced  to  agree  that  the  matter  complained 
of  by  the  strikers  would  be  speedily  investigated  and  full 
justice  done.  This  was  satisfactory  and  ended  the  strike. 
On  Tuesday  the  cars  ran  as  usual.  The  superintendent  of 
the  road  was  shortly  afterward  removed,  and  since  then  the 
corporation  and  its  employes  have  had  no  serious  difficulty. 
The  police  came  out  of  the  affair  with  credit  and  with  no 
casualties  worthy  of  mention. 

Many  persons  will  remember  the  riot  which  occurred  at 
Silver  Leaf  Grove  during  the  progress  of  a  socialistic  picnic 
in  187G.  It  was  a  bloody  affair,  while  it  lasted,  and  forever 
afterward  caused  decent  people  to  shun  that  spot  as  a  sum- 
mer resort.  Ogdens'  Grove  thenceforth  became  the  pic- 
nicking ground  for  labor  societies,  and  particularly  for  so- 
cialists, communist^'  and  anarchists. 

All  the  terrorists  in  the  city  turned  out  on  Monday, 
July  12,  following  the  street-car  troubles,  to  attend  a  picnic 
at  Ogdens'  Grove.  The  West  Side  division  of  anarchists 
formed  at  Clinton  and  Lake  streets  in  the  morning,  and 
Mrs.  Parsons  and  four  other  women  occupied  conspicuous 
places  in  the  pageant.  Several  decorated  wagons  filled  with 
women  were  placed  at  intervals  in  the  line.  The  banners 
that  were  carried  bore  suc'h  inscriptions  as  "We  Mourn, 
but  not  so  much  for  Gen.  Grant  as  for  a  Little  Child  that 
Starved  to  Death  Yesterday,"  [Gen.  Grant  had  just  died  at 
Mount  McGregor]  ;  "  Government  is  for  Slaves,  Freemen 
Govern  Themselves;"  "  Millions  Labor  for  the  Benefit  of 
the  Few — We  Avant  to  Labor  for  Ourselves;"  "In  the  Ab- 
sence of  Law  all  Men  are  Free;"  "The  Fountain  of  Right 
is  Might — Workiugmen  Arm  !"  "Every  Government  is  a 
Conspiracy  of  the  Ptich  Against  the  People;"  "  Our  Civil- 
ization— The  Bullet  and  Policeman's  Club."  German  mot- 
toes to  the   same  effect  were  carried,  some  of  which,  being 


250  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

translated,  read  as  follows:  '*  Private  Capital  is  the  Product 
of  Robbery;"  "  Down  with  All  Laws;"  "Hurrah  for  the 
Social  Revolution — Liberty  "Without  Equality  is  a  Lie!" 
Patches  of  red  cloth  were  worn  on  the  hats  of  the  men,  some 
wore  red  sashes,  there  were  red  shoulder-knots  on  the  "Blue 
Smock  Brigade."  The  red  flag  was  flaunted  to  the  breeze 
boldly.  Copies  of  an  inflammatory  paper  were  distributed 
am.mg  the  crowds.  The  North  Side  contingent  was  partly 
composed  of  men  armed  with  carbines  and  muskets.  The 
display  made  was  one  calculated  to  create  alarm.  At  the 
grounds  Parsons,  Fielden  and  Spies  addressed  about  2,000 
people,  denouncing  the  police  in  particular,appealing  to  their 
followers  to  arm  themselves,  to  learn  the  use  of  dynamite, 
how  to  make  bombs,  and  how  to  be  prepared  for  the  social 
revolution  which  was  certainly  near  at  hand. 

On  Sunday,  September  5,  the  anarchists  indulged  in  an- 
other demonstration,  and  all  the  policemen  in  tlie  city  were 
held  in  readiness  for  duty.  This  demonstration  was  gotten 
Tip  for  the  purpose  of  throwing  odium  on  the  "  Trade  and 
Labor  "  display  in  which  the  workingmen  of  the  city  were 
to  participate  next  day.  Before  the  anarchist  procession 
moved,  Fielden  made  an  incendiary  speech  from  a  platform 
on  Market  street  near  Randolph.  "There  is  going  to  be  a 
parade  to-morrow,"  he  said.  "Those  fellows"  (meaning 
the  workingmen  who  were  not  in  sympathy  with  anarchy), 
*'want  to  reconcile  labor  and  capital.  They  want  to  recon- 
ijile  you  to  your  starvation  and  your  shanties.  They  have 
invited  the  chief  murderer,  Harrison,  and  assistant  murderer, 
Bonfield.  Have  they  forgotten  Bill  Pinkerton  and  his 
bloody  gang?  " 

The  procession,  headed  by  Parsons,  who  acted  as  grand 
marshal,  moved  on,  many  of  the  men  and  women  singing 
the  "  Marseillaise."  There  were  fifty  young  girls,  above  whom 
was  held  a  banner  bearing  the  inscription  "American 
Corps,"  and  a  number  of  women  occupied  seats  in  deco- 
rated wagons.     Dozens  of  red  flags  were  carried,  and  the 


COMMUNISM,    SOCIALISM    AND    ANARCHY.  '2~)i 

mottoes  were  as  treasonable  and  inflammatory  as  those  borne 
on  the  })revious  occasion.  "Hail  to  the  Social  Revolution," 
"Our  Civilization — Powder,  Lead  and  the  Club,"  "The 
Greatest  Crime  to-day  is  Poverty ;  "  "  Down  with  Govern- 
ment, God  and  Gold,"  "  Subscribe  for  the  Firebrand "  (the 
name  of  an  anarchist  paper),  were  among  the  most  striking. 

Parsons,  Fielden  and  the  rest  made  speeches  at  the 
grove,  where  there  were  three  or  four  thousand  people  as- 
sembled. 

The  anarchists  were  free  to  come  and  go  as  they  pleased, 
to  hold  meetings,  to  parade  the  streets,  to  expose  their  sen- 
timents, banners,  to  dispense  their  poisonous  doctrines,  to 
breed  discontent,  to  excite  the  ignorant  to  the  commission 
of  crime,  to  propagate  sedition  and  to  advocate  murder,  ar- 
son and  social  revolution.  Everything  pointed  to  a  dreadful 
culmination.     It  came  soon  enough. 


252  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


CHAPTER    XIII. 

THE  YEAR  1886-THE  GREAT  EIGHT-HOUR  MOVEMENT-THE  INFLUENCE  OF 
THE  FOREIGN-BORN  IN  AMERICAN  INDUSTRIAL  AFFAIRS— ANTAGONISM 
OF  THE  ANARCHISTS  TO  THE  PROPOSED  SHORT-HOUR  SYSTEM— HOW 
THEY  FOUGHT  THE  MOVEMENT— PARoONS,  SPIES,  FIELDEN,  SCHWAB- 
BREEDING  DISCONTENT -A  GRAND  OPPORTUNITY  FOR  THE  REDS — 
DISGRACEFUL  SCENE  ON  FIFTH  AVENUE— THE  McCORMICK  RIOT. 

Toward  the  latter  part  o£  1885,  and  during  the  spring  of 
1886,  the  attention  of  all  observant  people,  and  more  es- 
pecially of  the  employing  and  employed  classes — those  two 
"•rand  divisions  of  mankind  in  America,  between  whom  and 
other  citizens  there  is  a  line,  but  so  delicately  drawn  that 
its  definition  seems  at  times  almost  impossible — was  firmly 
riveted  upon  a  movement  which  promised  to  revolutionize 
the  industrial  habits  of  the  people,  and  threatened  to  up- 
root and  discard  the  practices  which  had  been  ingrafted 
into  the  race  by  the  slow  and  subtle  process  of  time.  People 
still  on  the  sunshiny  side  of  life  will  remember  when  the 
working  day  in  the  United  States  began  with  the  rising  of 
the  sun,  and  only  ended — not  always  even  then — with  the 
going  down  thereof.  And  those  were  days  when  the  neces- 
saries of  life  were  dearer  and  the  price  of  labor  cheaper 
than  they  have  been  at  any  time  during  the  past  ten  years. 
In  Europe,  to-day,  the  hours  of  labor  range  from  twelve  to 
fourteen  hours.  French  and  German  artisans,  mechanics 
and  laborers  are  accustomed  to  begin  the  day's  work  at  5 
a.  m.  in  summer  and  at  G  a.  m.  in  winter,  ceasing  half  an 
hour  for  breakfast  at  9,  an  hour  for  dinner  at  noon,  and 
continuing  at  their  labor  until  7  o'clock  p.  m.  in  summer, 
and  8  o'clock  p.  m.  in  winter,  making  the  length  of  their 
working  days  eleven  and  one-half  hours.     In  England  and 


THE    EIGHT-HOUR    AGITATION.  253 

throughout  the  United  Kingdom,  the  hours  of  labor  are 
ouly  a  trifle  shorter.  These  remarks  have  special  reference 
to  manufacturing  cities,  and  the  figures  given  are  based 
upon  an  extended  series  of  consular  reports  made  to  the 
state  department  at  Washington.  In  return  for  this  labor 
the  compensation  obtained  by  the  workingmen  for  the  same 
class,  kind  or  quality  of  labor  is,  as  a  rule,  one-half,  and  in 
many  parts  of  Europe  two-thirds,  less  than  is  received  by 
American  workingmen. 

It  may  be  claimed  here  that  European  customs  have 
nothing  whatever  to  do  with  the  arrangement  of  affairs 
in  this  country;  that  we  are  not  now,  and  never  have  been, 
guided  by  them,  and  that  we  never  will  permit  European 
ideas  to  control,  or  even  enter  into,  our  method  of  doing 
things.  This  would  be  a  protest  at  once  dignified  and 
worthy  of  American  citizenship,  could  it  maintain  itself 
against  the  overwhelming  evidence  which  rises  up  to  crush 
it  as  a  false  statement,  with  no  foundation  of  fact  upon  which 
it  may  be  firmly  established.  The  truth  is,  that  European 
customs,  brought  over  here  by  European  immigrants,  have 
had,  and  are  having,  a  great  deal  to  do  with  the  arrange- 
ment of  our  affairs ;  that  the  employed  classes  of  the  United 
States  are  now,  and  have  been,  in  great  measure,  guided  by 
them,  and  to  a  most  alarming  extent,  and  that  the  American 
people  have  permitted  certain  ideas  of  European  origin  and 
growth,  and  of  the  most  pernicious  character,  to  enter  into 
their  method  of  doing  things.  Were  the  capitalists,  the 
employers,  of  the  United  States  to  take  as  readily  and  as 
lovingly  to  the  teachings  of  European  capitalists  and  em- 
ployers, as  the  workingmen  of  this  country  do  to  the  teach- 
ings of  newly  arrived  immigrants,  fresh  from  their  eleven 
and  a  half  hours  of  daily  labor  and  their  fifty  cents  of  daily 
hire,  then,  indeed,  this  would  be  a  land  of  misery,  within 
the  borders  of  which  every  man  of  spirit  might  be  justified 
before  God  in  raising  the  cry  of  insurrection.  And  in  the 
face  of  the  innumerable  and.  for  the  most  part,  inexcusable 


'254  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

strikes  and  riots  planned  or  fomented  by  workingraen  of 
European  birth  and  education,  which  from  time  to  time  have 
hampered,  obstructed,  and  now  and  then  paralyzed  the  in- 
dustries of  this  country,  it  seems  strange  that  the  European 
idea  of  dealing  with  the  employed  classes  has  not  been 
adopted  in  this  country  by  employers,  even  to  a  limited 
extent. 

The  hours  of  labor  in  the  United  States  have  gradually 
undergone  a  reduction  during  the  past  thirty  years,  until  to- 
day the  generally  adopted  period  of  doing  labor  is  limited  to 
ten  hours.  This  was  the  case  in  1878  when  the  eight-hour 
movement  was  fairly  launched  by  the  passage  of  an  eight- 
liour  law  for  government  employes.  The  arguments  ad- 
vanced in  favor  of  a  reduction  in  the  hours  of  labor  from  ten 
to  eight  hours  were  logical.  First,  it  was  a  reform  asked  in 
the  name  of  political  economy,  all  political  economists  being 
agreed  (as  Samuel  C.  Hunt,  of  Boston,  said  in  his  letter  of 
Nov.  10,  1879,  to  Hon.  Hendrick  B.  Wright,  chairman  of 
the  Congressional  committee  on  the  Depression  of  Labor) 
that  the  standard  of  wages  is  determined  by  the  cost  of  sub- 
sistence rather  than  by  the  number  of  hours  employed ;  that 
*'the  natural  and  necessary  rate  of  wages,"  as  Adam  Smith 
says,  "is  such  a  rate  as  will  supply  not  only  the  commodities 
that  are  indispensably  necessary  for  the  support  of  life,  but 
whatever  the  custom  of  the  country  renders  it  indecent  for 
creditable  people,  even  of  the  lowest  order,  to  be  without." 
It  was  asked  in  the  interest  of  civilization.  "  The  battle  for 
the  reduction  of  the  hours  of  labor  is  a  struggle  for  a  wider 
civilization,"  says  Hunt.  "Civilization  demands  a  prosper- 
ous and  contented  people  with  increased  wants,  and  means  to 
supply  them.  To  refuse  aid  to  willing  hands  to  cultivate 
our  idle  lauds,  to  import  a  servile  race  [the  Chinese]  that 
thereby  the  cost  of  subsistence  may  be  reduced  to  a  far  lower 
standard  and  a  lower  level  for  all  be  reached,  and  to  insist 
on  long  hours  of  toil  when  thousands  are  standing  idle,  all 
are  lieavy  blows  aimed  at  the  very  foundation  of  our  modern 


THE    EIGHT-HOUR    AGITATION.  255 

civilization.  A  decrease  in  the  hours  of  labor  means  rest," 
and  rest  is  invariably  accompanied  by  increased  wants.  Re- 
lease the  poor  drudge  in  the  mine  or  the  factory  from  his 
long  hours  of  toil  and  give  him  daily  hours  of  recreation  and 
leisure,  and  you  at  once  raise  him  in  the  social  scale.  Rest 
cultivates.  We  insist  that  every  reduction  of  the  hours  of 
labor  heretofore  made  has  elevated  the  working  people ;  that 
increased  leisure  has  invariably  produced  new  Avants,  has 
added  to  the  necessaries  of  life,  and  consequently  has  raised 
the  social  condition  of  the  people.  The  setting  apart  of  one 
day  in  seven  for  rest,  wherein  no  man  shall  labor,  is  a  prime 
factor  in  the  growth  of  civilization.  We  never  hear  the 
charge  that  wage-workers  receive  seven  days'  wages  for  six 
days'  work,  simply  because  conscientious  conviction  has  been 
hardened  into  national  custom."  It  was  held  that  the  whole 
history  of  the  short-hour  movement  in  England  proved  con- 
clusively that  every  reduction  in  the  hours  of  labor  was  fol- 
lowed by  an  increase  in  wages.  It  was  asked  because  of  the 
changed  relation  betAveen  production  and  consumption.  The 
changed  condition  of  our  industrial  system,  arising  from  the 
rapid  development  of  mechanical  appliances  whereby  hard 
labor  has  been  so  largely  superseded,  called  for  remedial 
legislation  looking  to  the  establishment  of  shorter  hours  of 
labor.  "Political  economists,"  adds  Hunt,  "recognize  the* 
evil  and  propose  to  meet  it  hj  such  measures  as  will  preserve 
to  the  people  what  custom  has  heretofore  rendered  it  inde- 
cent to  be  without.  To  do  this,  less  hours  of  daily  toil  are 
essential.  A  reduction  of  hours  means  less  idle  hands,  more 
persons  profitably  employed.  By  increasing  the  number  of 
employed  consumption  will  be  stimulated,  over-production 
checked  and  a  more  balanced  relationship  between  the  two 
established." 

These  arguments,  as  stated,  were  made  in  1879,  and 
all  that  could  be,  or  were  afterward,  added  to  them  were 
merely  amplifications  of  the  ideas  here  advanced.  To 
go  deeper  into  the  subject  would  be  merely  to  end  in  the 


250  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

discovery,  after  wading  through  an  ocean  of  pamphlet  and 
newspaper  literature  devoted  to  the  question,  that  the 
arguments  advanced  by  Hunt  covered  the  case  from  begin- 
ning to  end. 

The  most  advanced,  that  is,  the  most  intelligent,  of 
American  employers  saw  the  wisdom  and  recognized  the  logic 
of  this  position.  We  are  speaking  for  Chicago  in  this  mat- 
ter more  particularly,  and  here,  it  may  be  said,  the  great 
majority  of  the  leading  employers  were  in  sympathy  with  the 
eight-hour  movement,  hoped  it  might  be  carried  out  to  a  suc- 
cessful issue,  but  doubted  whether  the  times  were  ripe  for  it. 
The  great  question  to  be  solved  was,  how  can  the  movement 
be  made  so  general,  that  the  increased  cost  which  will  follow 
its  adoption  in  one,  may  not  be  taken  advantage  of  by  another 
locality,  to  the  detriment  of  the  industrial  interests  of  the 
first  ?  In  other  words,  if  Chicago  adopts  the  system  and  New 
York  does  not.  New  York  will  have,  at  the  same  cost,  a  clear 
gain  over  Chicago  manufacturers  of  two  hours  of  labor 
daily  from  every  employe, — representing  about  six  hundred 
and  eighteen  working  hours  per  annum — being  enabled 
thereby  to  produce  at  less  cost  than  Chicago  manufacturers, 
to  undersell  them  and  perhaps  ruin  their  business  by  this 
unequal  competition.  "Make  the  movement  a  national 
one,"  said  the  Chicago  employers,  "or  so  general  that  eight 
hours  shall  constitute  a  day's  labor  in  every  center  that 
comes  into  direct  competition  with  Chicago,  and  we  will 
cheerfully  agree  to  its  principles," 

It  would  be  out  of  the  question,  perhaps,  to  prevent  it, 
but  very  early  in  the  agitation  the  socialistic  element  found 
its  way  into  and  exercised  such  an  influence  in  the  conduct  of 
the  movement  that  it  suffered  seriously  in  repute.  In  Octo- 
ber, 1880,  we  find  that  Albert  K.  Parsons  is  a  member 
of  the  National  Eight-Hour  Committee,  and  from  year  to 
year,  until  the  anarchistic  element  was  driven  out  bodiiv  by 
the  honest  workingmen  of  the  country,  the  poisonous  doc- 
trines advocated  by  Fielden,  Parsons,  Spies,  and  others  in 


THE    EIGHT-HOUR    AGITATION.  257 

this  community,  were  infused  into  the  movement,  weakening 
and  almost  liiiliiiir  it. 

As  a  pure  aud  simple  proposition  to  reduce  the  hours  of 
labor  to  eight,  the  anarchistic  socialists  had  very  little  faith 
in  its  efficacy  as  a  panacea  for  existing  evils,  real  or  imagin- 
ary. They  wanted  to  use  the  movement  as  a  tool,  by  the  aid 
of  which  they  might  bring  about  the  condition  of  the  social 
chaos  they  so  much  desired.  To  admit  that  a  reduction  of 
two  hours  for  a  day's  labor  would  be  sufficient  to  make  any 
workingman  more  contented  with  his  lot,  or  that  it  would 
satisfy  the  demands  of  the  downtrodden  masses,  was  to  ad- 
mit something  utterly  senseless  and  absurd.  The  eight- 
hour  movement,  if  desirable  to  the  socialistic  anarchists  at 
all,  was  only,  desirable  because  there  was  a  chance — a  bare 
possibility — perhaps  a  probability,  that  it  might  lead  to  a 
bitter  warfare  between  labor  and  capital,  resulting  finally  in 
what? — strikes,  riots,  revolution,  anarchy!  In  their  hearts 
they  hoped  that  the  eight-hour  movement  would  not  succeed. 
Having  been  driven  out  of  the  councils  of  its  friends,  and 
having  no  longer  any  reason  for  hiding  their  hypocrisy, 
they  openly  antagonized  it,  denounced  its  advocates  as  frauds 
and  hirelings  of  the  capitalists,  and  urged  the  working  classes 
to  have  nothing  to  do  with  what  they  called  a  mere  sop — a 
bone  thrown  by  the  master  to  the  dog  to  make  him  cease  his 
whining  appeals  for  food!  The  socialistic  anarchists  did 
not  want  the  eight-hour  question  settled — it  would  in  all 
likelihood  be  the  means  of  making  the  great  masses  of  the 
people  so  much  more  contented  and  happier  than  they  were 
before,  that  the  "social  revolution"  might  be  indefinitely 
postponed.  Anything  before  that !  Awakening  at  last  to  the 
discovery  that  the  movement  was  on  the  high  road  to  a  tri- 
umphant victory,  that  the  employers  were  falling  into  line, 
that  public  sentiment  was  overwhelmingly  favoring  it,  and  that 
the  1st  day  of  May,  1886,  would  almost  assuredly  see  the 
blessed  dreams  of  its  friends  realized — seeing:  the  dantjer  of  a 
long  peace  where  they  had  hoped  for  an  extended  war — they 


258  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

determined  upon  using  another  and  a  more  powerful  argu- 
ment against  it — it  must  be  shattered  with  dynamite. 

A  man  no  sooner  becomes  a  criminal  than  he  hates  and 
fears  the  uniform  of  a  police  officer;  no  sooner  becomes  an 
anarchist  than  he  hates  anything  and  everything  that  is 
representative  of  law  and  order — be  it  a  blue-f rocked  patrol- 
man or  a  granite  court  house.  The  police  and  the  coui"ts 
stand  between  him  and  his  proposed  victim — society.  To 
pull  it  down  to  his  own  level,  and  then  trample  it  in  the 
mire,  he  must  first  climb  over  the  policeman's  body  and 
grope  his  way  through  the  debris  of  the  court  house.  The 
policeman  must  be  felled  before  even  the  court  house  can 
be  stormed,  and  it  is  to  the  policeman,  therefore,  that  the 
anarchists  first  turned  their  attention  in  their  organization  of 
the  damnable  conspiracy  which  was  to  end  in  murder,  rob- 
bery, arson  and  chaos. 

The  Eight-Hour  Association  of  Chicago  was  very  active, 
and  the  movement  gained  more  and  surer  headway  here 
than  elsewhere.  Of  this  committee  there  were  at  least  two 
members — Schilling  and  Greenhut — who  were  pronounced 
socialists,  but  of  a  much  more  moderate  character  than  Par- 
sons, Spies  or  Fielden.  Yet  they  held  views  antagonistic 
to  public  opinion,  and  their  presence  in  the  movement  did 
not  help  to  strengthen  it.  The  first  of  May  was  set  apart 
for  the  general  inauguration,  as  far  as  possible,  of  the 
eight-hour  system.  The  anarchists,  whenever  possible, 
made  their  presence  felt  at  meetings,  by  demanding  ten 
hours'  pay  for  eight  hours'  work — something  that  had  not 
been  counted  on  by  the  true  friends  of  the  movement,  for 
they  believed  that  the  wage  question  would  settle  itself  very 
speedily,  after  the  more  important  one,  at  least  for  the  time 
being,  was  gotten  safely  out  of  the  way.  "  Ten  hours'  pay 
for  eight  hours'  work,"  was  a  cry  taken  up  by  the  more 
ignorant  of  the  mechanics  and  laborers ;  and  then  the  em- 
ployers, viewing  this  as  a  breach  of  faith,  began  to  distrust 
the  sincerity  of  the  leaders  in  the  agitation.     If  there  was 


THE    EIGHT-HOUK    AGITATION.  259 

anything  in  the  arguments,  that  rest  was  what  the  working 
classes  needed,  that  rest  would  create  new  wants,  and  that 
new  wants  would  create  a  condition  of  industrial  affairs 
which  would  demand,  as  well  as  justify,  increased  wages — 
if  there  was  anything  but  the  merest  twaddle  and  the  flim- 
siest nonsense  at  the  bottom  of  these  arguments,  why,  in 
the  name  of  sense,  did  the  advocates  of  the  eight-hour 
movement  now  demand  ten  hours'  pay  for  eight  hours' 
work,  thereby  discounting  the  innumerable  blessings  which 
were  to  result  in  the  near  future  from  the  shortening  of  the 
working  day?  The  Chicago  committee  saw  quickly  that 
the  cry  of  "Ten  hours'  wages  for  eight  hours'  work"  was  a 
most  dangerous  one,  and  that  it  could  only  have  emanated 
fi'om  unfriendly  quarters.  In  its  address  to  ^'All  the  Trade 
and  Labor  Associations  of  Chicago  and  Vicinity,''''  issued 
but  a  short  time  before  the  first  of  May,  the  following  pass- 
age occui'red: 

The  workiagmen  of  Chicago  are  ready  to  make  sacrifices  in  wages, 
in  order  that  more  people  may  find  employment,  and  for  the  general 
good  of  the  whole  commuuity.  Surely  such  a  self-sacrificing  spirit 
should  meet  with  a  cordial  response  from  the  employing  classes. 

And  it  did  receive  a  cordial  response.  There  was  no 
opposition  of  character  to  the  movement  here  among  em- 
ployers, other  than  that  which  grew  out  of  honest  differences 
of  opinion  regarding  the  probability  that  the  movement,  in- 
stead of  becoming  general  at  once,  would  be  local  to  Chi- 
cago for  some  time  to  come,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  mat- 
ter had  not  been  properly  agitated,  nor  the  inauguration  of 
the  system  arranged  for  in  other  parts  of  the  country,  and 
especially  at  points  which  were  recognized  competitors  of 
this  city  in  certain  lines  of  manufactures. 

Albert  B.  Parsons  aired  his  own  views,  and  voiced  those  of 
other  leaders  in  the  anarchistic-socialist  party,  when  he  said 
in  his  paper.  The  Alarm,  as  early  as  October  31,  1885: 

The  private  possession  or  ownership  of  the  means  of  production  and 
exchange  places  the  propertyless  class  in  the  power  and  control  of  the 

22 


260  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

propertied  class,  since  they  can  refuse  })rea(l,  or  the  chance  to  earn  it,  to 
all  the  wage  classes  who  refuse  to  obey  their  tlictation.  Eight  hours,  or 
less  hours,  is,  therefore,  uuder  existing  conditions,  a  losl  battle.  The 
private  property  system  employs  labor  only  to  exploit  (rob)  it,  and  while 
that  system  is  in  vogue,  the  victims — those  whom  it  disinherits— have 
only  the  choice  of  submission  or  starvation. 

August  Spies,  writing  in  the  same  paper,  in  reply  to  a 
reader  who  had  called  it  to  task  for  its  enmity  to  the  eight- 
hour  movement,  said: 

We  do  not  antagonize  the  eight-hour  movement,  viewing  it  from 
the  standpoint  that  it  is  a  social  struggle,  we  simply  predict  that  it  is  a 
lost  battle,  and  we  prove  that  though  even  the  eight-hour  system  should 
be  established  at  this  late  day,  the  wage-workers  would  gain  nothing. 
They  would  still  remain  the  slaves  of  their  masters. 

Parsons  pronounced  the  eight-hour  movement  a  lost  bat- 
tle seven  months  before  it  was  to  be  fought,  and  Spies  fol- 
lows him  up  with  the  statement  that  it  is  too  late  now  to 
demand  a  concession  of  this  kind — as  the  Avorkingmeu  would 
still  remain  the  slaves  of  their  masters,  whether  the  move- 
ment succeeded  or  not.  What  Avas  needed  was  a  social  revo- 
lution— no  half-way  measures — the  complete  annihilation  of 
private  ownership,  the  leveling  of  all  to  a  common  plane,  the 
division  of  wealth  and  the  rule  of  the  commune. 

A  number  of  men  had  been  discharged  from  the  McCor- 
mick  harvester  factory.  The  principal  owner,  the  manager 
and  the  superintendent  of  these  works  claimed  that  the  men 
were  discliarged  because  they  were  no  longer  needed.  The 
workingmen  claimed  that  they  were  discharged  because 
they  had  been  prominent  in  the  organization  of  unions, 
foremost  in  the  demands  which  were  from  time  to  time  made 
upon  the  McCormick  company,  and  prominent  in  the  work 
of  drawing  up  petitions  which  were  now  and  then  presented 
to  obtain  redress  for  various  grievances  among  the  employes. 
The  Avorkmen  in  the  factory  had  been  perfecting  their  organ- 
ization for  a  long  time,  or  since  the  strike  in  which  the 
Pinkerton  men  had  taken  so  conspicuous  a  part,  and  all 
arj-angements  having  been  perfected  for  a  long  struggle,  they 


THE    EIGHT-HOUK    AGITATION.  261 

demanded  that  a  guarantee  should  be  given  that  no  man  in 
tlie  factory,  or  anyone  serving  on  a  committee,  should  be 
discharged  for  having  acted  as  a  representative  of  his  com- 
rades. This  guarantee  had  been  given  at  the  termination  of 
the  strike  of  the  April  previous,  but  was  not  lived  up  to. 
Now  it  was  absolutely  refused.  Of  course  it  had  been  forci- 
bly extorted,  rather  than  peaceably  achieved,  in  the  first  place, 
and  the  company,  finding  itself  in  a  position  to  resist  now — 
having  a  plentiful  supply  of  finished  work  on  hand — decided 
to  throw  off  the  yoke  and  resume  its  independence.  While 
the  question  was  still  pending  and  the  men  were  awaiting  an 
ansAver,  the  works  were  "shut  down"  February  16,  1886,  at 
9 :  30  a.  m.  Although  this  was  a  move  for  which  the  work- 
men  were  hardly  prepared,  yet,  as  they  read  the  notice  that 
work"  had  been  suspended,  they  took  the  announcement  com- 
placently enough.  The  works  were  going  to  be  shut  down, 
anyway,  by  the  proposed  strike — and  all  expected  to  strike 
before  the  guarantee  demanded  could  be  secured — the  com- 
pany had  simply  been  the  first  to  act ;  that  was  all. 

For  a  number  of  days  all  was  quiet  on  the  Black  Koad. 
The  locked-out  mechanics,  artisans  and  laborers  assembled 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  works  from  time  to  time,  and  listened  to 
the  speeches  of  anarchist  missionaries,  bat  no  violence  was 
attempted.  The  police  kept  a  close  watch  on  the  district, 
but  had  reason  to  fear  no  serious  trouble.  It  was  simply  a 
question,  which  could  lay  idle  the  longest,  the  works  or  the 
men?  and  that  was  a  conundrum  that  time  alone  could  an- 
swer. The  trade  societies,  and  especially  the  leaders  of  the 
eight- hour  movement,  appealed  to  the  locked-out  men  to  be 
patient,  entreated  them  to  be  guarded  in  their  language, 
and  begged  them  to  abstain  from  all  acts  of  violence.  The 
anarchist  leaders  told  them  that  the  works  had  been  shut 
down  to  starve  them  out  of  their  holes;  to  drive  them  to 
submission,  and  to  teach  them  such  a  lesson  that  would  for- 
ever prevent  them  from  demanding  their  rights  again. 
Dramatic  pictures    of   squalid   hovels,  with  starving  wives 


2G2  THE     CHICAGO     TOLICK. 

and  famishing  babies,  by  empty  tables  and  chilling  hearth- 
stones, were  painted  by  the  anarcliist  orators,  and  held  up 
for  exhibition  before  the  ignorant  men  who  usually  com- 
posed their  audiences.  Little  by  little  the  men  were 
wrought  up  to  a  high  pitch  of  excitement  by  these  agitators, 
until  the  feeling  began  to  grow  within  them  that  they  had 
the  right  to  march  upon  the  works,  throw  them  open,  and 
set  the  machinery  in  operation,  in  spite  of  the  protests  of 
the  owners,  or  raze  the  factory  to  the  ground  if  resistance 
Avas  made. 

After  several  acts  of  violence  had  been  committed,  and 
matters  around  the  McCormick  works  began  to  assume  a 
serious  aspect,  the  company  employed,  a  large  number  of 
Pinkerton  detectives,  and  the  police  department  placed  five 
hundred  men  on  the  ground  to  preserve  the  peace  and  main- 
tain order. 

In  the  meantime  the  anarchists  were  busy.  They  had 
organized  two  "  armed  groups,"  which  drilled  nightly;  they 
experimented  with  dynamite,  issued  instructions  for  the 
making  of  bombs,  practiced  target  shooting  in  the  country, 
and  entered  into  the  work  of  preparation  for  the  great  social 
"upheaval,  which  they  predicted  and  hoped  for,  with  more 
vigor  than  they  had  ever  exhibited  before.  The  police,  in 
searching  for  a  murderer  at  this  time,  stumbled  upon  a  lot 
of  dynamite  and  other  material  of  a  destructive  nature,  in 
the  sleeping  room  of  one  Chris  Komens,  231  West  Twenti- 
eth street.  Among  the  articles  found  were  a  breech-loading 
Springfield  rifle,  twenty  rounds  of  cartridges,  lead  pipe,  and 
a  pot  and  ladle  used  in  forming  it  into  balls,  a  number  of 
hollow  lead  balls,  intended  to  be  used  as  bombs,  one  bomb 
loaded  and  almost  ready  for  the  percussion  cap,  a  wrought 
iron  pipe,  which  was  transformed  into  an  infernal  machine, 
other  articles  of  like  character,  and  a  pamphlet  in  the 
German  language,  by  Johann  Most,  instructing  the  reader 
how  to  make  explosives.  The  police  discovered  that  Komens 
was  a  member  of  one  of  the  anarchistic-socialist  groups, 


THE    EIGHT-HOUE    AGITATION.  263 

known  us  No.  3,  which  formerly  lield  its  meetiu«:s  at  519 
Blue  Island  avenue.  The  rules  of  the  "group "' required 
every  member  to  "  purchase  a  navy  revolver,  a  foot  and  a 
half  long."  says  Mr.  Paul  Hull,  in  his  book  entitled  "The 
Chicago  Riot."  This  proceeding  alarmed  the  gentle  Teufcon 
in  whose  place  they  met,  and  he  notified  the  members  that 
he  preferred  that  they  meet  elsewhere.  The  members  were 
armed  with  muskets,  similar  to  that  found  in  Komens' 
house.  Each  gun  was  numbered  to  correspontl  with  that  of 
the  person  who  owned  it  or  had  it  in  possession.  Komens' 
gun  was  No.  400.  Instructions  were  given  in  the  manu- 
facture and  use  of  explosives.  The  bombs  were  to  be 
thrown  into  crowds,  or  the  ranks  of  police  or  militia,  from 
housetops  or  wherever  convenient.  The  group  numbered 
over  one  hundred  active  members.  About  1885  the  society 
divided  into  two  sections,  and  began  to  meet  elsewhere. 

On  March  2  a  mass-meeting  of  the  locked-out  workmen 
assembled  in  the  vicinity  of  Eighteenth  street  and  Center 
avenue — a  locality  in  which  socialism  and  communism  of 
the  anarchistic  stripe  had  flourished  for  years — and  was  ad- 
dressed by  A.  R.  Parsons  and  Michael  Schwab.  The  meet- 
ing, as  these  orators  stated  it,  was  assembled  not  only  for 
the  purpt)se  of  making  the  grievances  of  the  workingmen 
known,  but  to  "protest  against  the  armed  force  which  had 
been  enlisted  against  them.  To  beseech  an  employe  not  to 
take  the  place  of  another  became  an  attack  on  the  state,  and 
these  armed  men,  employed  by  the  state,  (the  policemen) 
came  forth  at  the  behest  of  capital,  struck  down  the  peace- 
able citizen,  clubbed  and  searched  them,  and  cast  them  into 
the  patrol  wagons  and  hustled  them  off  to  prison.  The  ban- 
ditti of  'law  and  order'  maintained  the  legal  right  of  capital 
to  do  what  it  pleased  with  labor,  and  the  authorized  '  pick- 
pockets'  searched  every  workman  for  weapons  of  defense." 
The  McCormick  company,  after  several  threatening  out- 
breaks, and  upon  the  advice  of  the  press  and  leading  citizens, 
finally  made  a  concession  to  the  men  as  to  the  matter  of 


264  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

wages — a  matter  that  developed  after  the  lock-out — but  re- 
served the  right  to  employ  uon-uiiion  men.  The  shops  were 
thrown  open,  and  although  the  great  majority  of  the  men  re- 
turned to  work,  they  harassed,  annoyed,  insulted  and  as- 
saulted the  non-unionists  or  ''scabs"  who  worked  by  their 
side,  and  committed  so  many  outrages^  that  the  company  had 
to  protect  itself  and  the  men  who  were  willing  to  work  peace- 
ably, still  further,  and  the  result  was  a  fresh  outbreak  and  a 
renewal  of  the  strike.  The  Black  Road  now  became  the 
daily  and  nightly  scene  of  villainous  outrages  perpetrated 
upon  the  non-union  men.  They  were  followed  on  their  way 
to  the  Avorks  and  beaten.  Crowds  awaited  the  closing  down 
hour  in  the  evening  and  waylaid  the  "scabs"  as  they  re- 
turned home.  The  police  were  kept  jumping,  in  their  wag- 
ons, from  one  point  to  another  in  an  almost  vain  effort  to 
preserve  the  peace  and  protect  the  lives  of  the  non-union 
men.  There  was  a  reign  of  terror  in  the  neighborhood,  and 
as  the  days  passed  the  situation  became  more  alarming. 
The  anarchists  were  everywhere.  Mr.  Dyer  D.  Lum,  their 
defender,  tells  us  in  his  "Concise  History  of  the  Great 
Trial  of  the  Chicago  Anarchists  in  1886,"  that  "These 
stormy  scenes  but  intensified  the  general  feeling  of  resist- 
ance and  determination  to  unite  in  making  the  strike  of  May 
1  all  embracive.  Meetings  [of  anarchists]  were  held  nightly 
in  various  portions  of  the  city,  and  the  prisoners  [  that  is  to 
say,  the  condemned  seven]  became  prominent  as  orators  or 
organizers.  Their  frequent  speeches  at  meetings  held  on 
the  lake  front  had  made  the  names  and  faces  of  most  of 
them  familiar  to  workmen.  The  Avheiter  Zeitung,  on  Avhich 
Spies  and  Schwab  were  editors,  entered  ardently  in  the 
work  and  was  instrumental  in  bringing  about  a  reduction  in 
hours  from  fourteen  and  sixteen  to  ten  for  the  bakers,  brew- 
ers and  other  unions.  [The  credit  for  this  work  was  after- 
ward claimed  by  Oscar  Neebe].  The  speakers  of  the  Inter- 
national were  engaged  nearly  every  evening  in  addressing  or 
organizing  unions,  [  i.  e.,  groups].      On  the  Monday  preced- 


THE    EIGHT-HOUU    AGITATION.  265 

ing  the  first  of  May  the  Central  Labor  union  [composed  ex- 
clusively of  anarchistic  socialists]  held  an  immense  eight- 
hour  demonstration,  at  which  there  were  estimated  present 
25,000  persons,  and  who  were  addressed  by  Spies,  Parsons, 
Fielden  and  Schwab."  As  Spies,  Parsons,  Fielden  and 
Schwab  hatl  already  sang  a  requiem  over  the  grave  of  the 
eight-hour  movement,  as  they  never  lost  an  opportunity  of 
ridiculing  it.  and  as  they  did  their  level  best  to  make  it  so 
odious  that  employers  would  be  driven  to  oppose  it,  the 
manifest  absurdity  of  this  eight-hour  demonstration  will  be 
apparent.  The  speeches  of  the  quartette  before  the  midti- 
tude  of  discontented  workingmen — nearly  all  foreigners,  and 
for  the  most  part  of  Sclavonic  origin,  although  there  were 
more  Germans  iii  the  assemblage  than  there  should  have 
been — were  calculated  rather  to  embitter  the  ignorant  among 
them  against  the  movement  than  to  reconcile  them  to  it. 
The  anarchists  dreaded  the  success  of  the  movement  more 
than  ever,  as  the  date  set  for  its  inauguration  ap})roached. 

Having  done  everything  in  their  power  to  make  the  suc- 
cess of  the  movement  impossible,  the  following  from  the 
pen  of  August  Spies  appeared  in  the  Arhcifer  Zcifung  on 
May  1.  Avhen  some  25,000  or  30,000  workingmen  had 
already  struck  for  eight  hours,  more  than  two-thirds  of  them 
demanding  ten  hours'  pay,  in  spite  of  the  promises  and  re- 
monstrances of  the  eight-hour  leaders : 

The  dies  are  cast!  The  first  of  May,  whose  historical  significance 
will  be  understood  and  appreciated  only  in  later  years,  is  here.  For 
twenty  years  the  working  people  of  the  United  States  have  whined  and 
have  begged  their  extortionists  and  legislators  to  introduce  an  eight- 
hour  system.  The  latter  knew  how  to  put  the  modest  beggar  off,  and 
thus  year  after  year  has  jjassed  by.  At  last,  two  years  ago,  a  number  of 
trade  organizations  took  the  matter  up,  and  resolved  that  the  eight-hour 
work  day  should  be  estabhshed  on  May  1, 1886. 

That  is  a  sensible  demand,  said  the  press,  howled  the  professional 
importers,  yelled  the  extortionists.  The  impudent  socialists,  who 
wanted  everything,  and  would  not  content  themselves  with  rational  de- 
mands of  this  kind,  were  treated  to  the  customary  shower  of  epithets. 

Thus  things  went  on.     The  agitation  progressed  and  everybody  was 


266  THE    CHICAGO    roLict. 

in  favor  of  the  shorteniiii,'  of  the  work  day.  With  the  approach  of  the 
day,  however,  on  which  the  'plan  was  at  last  to  be  realized,  a  suspicious 
change  in  the  tone  of  the  extortionists  and  their  priestcraft  in  the  press, 
became  more  and  more  noticeable.  What  had  formerly,  in  theory,  been 
modest  and  rational,  was  now  impudent  and  senseless.  What  had  form- 
erly been  lauded  as  a  praiseworthy  demand,  when  compared  with  social- 
ism and  anarchism,  changed  now  suddenly  into  criminal  anarchism 
itself.  The  cloven  feet  of  the  hellish  crew,  panting  for  spoils,  became 
visible.  They  had  intonated  the  eight-hour  liymn  simply  to  lull  their 
dupes,  workingmen,  to  sleep,  and  thus  keep  them  away  from  socialism. 

That  the  workingmen  would  proceed  in  all  earnestness  to  introduce 
the  eight-hour  system  was  never  anticipated  by  these  confidence  men; 
that  the  workingmen  would  develop  such  stupendous  power,  this  they 
never  dreamed  of.  In  short,  to-day,  when  an  attempt  is  made  to  realize 
a  reform  so  long  striven  for,  when  the  extortionists  are  reminded  of  their 
promises  and  pledges  of  the  past,  one  has  this  and  the  other  has  that  to 
give  as  an  excuse.  The  workers  should  only  be  contented  and  confide  in 
their  well-meaning  exploiters,  and  some  time  between  now  and  doomsday 
everything  would  be  satisfactorily  arranged. 

Workingmen,  we  caution  you.  You  have  been  deluded  time  and 
time  again.     You  must  not  be  led  astray  this  time. 

Judging  from  present  appearances,  events  may  not  take  a  very 
smooth  course.  Many  of  the  extortionists,  aye  most  of  them,  are  re- 
solved to  starve  those  to  "  reason "  who  refuse  to  submit  to  their  arbi- 
trary dictates,  i.  e.,  to  force  them  back  into  their  yoke  by  hunger.  The 
question  now  arises,  will  the  workingmen  allow  themselves  to  be  slowly 
starved  into  submission,  or  will  they  inoculate  some  modern  ideas  into 
their  would-be  murderers'  heads'/ 

The  italicized  words  in  this  article  were  not  as  clear 
to  outsiders  on  the  first  of  May  as  they  were  a  few  days 
later.  They  were  not,  indeed,  italicized  at  all  in  the  Arheiter 
Zcitung.  Doubtless  the  members  of  the  different  anarchist 
groups  knew  well  enough  what  Mr.  Spies  meant,  to  make 
emphasis  of  any  kind  unnecessary. 

"As  illustrative  of  the  hatred  earned  by  thus  champion- 
ing the  cause  of  their  fellow  workers,"'  says  Mr.  Lum,  "at- 
tention is  called  to  the  following  leader  in  the  editorial  col- 
umns of  The  Chicago  Mail  of  the  same  day,  May  1 :" 

There  are  two  dangerous  ruffians  at  large  in  this  city;  two  sneaking 
cowards  who  are  trying  to  create  trouble.  One  of  them  is  named  Par- 
sons; the  other  is  named  Spies.  Should  trouble  come  they  would  be 
the  first  to  skulk  away  from  the  scene  of  danger,  the  first  to  attempt  to 


THE    EIGHT-HOUi;    AdITATION.  207 

shield  their  worthless  i-arcasses  from  harm,  the  first  to  shirk  responsi- 
bility. 

These  two  fellows  have  been  at  work  fomenting  disorder  for  the  past 
ten  years.  They  should  have  been  driven  out  of  the  city  long  ago.  They 
would  not  be  tolerated  in  any  other  community  on  earth. 

Parsons  au<l  Spies  have  been  engaged  for  the  past  six  months  in  per- 
fecting arrangements  for  the  precipitation  of  a  riot  to-day.  They  have 
taken  advantage  of  the  excitement  attending  the  eight-hour  movement 
to  bring  about  a  series  of  strikes  and  to  work  injury  to  capital  and  honest 
labor  in  every  possible  way.  They  have  no  love  for  the  eight-hour  move- 
ment, and  are  doing  all  they  can  to  hamper  it  and  to  prevent  its  success. 
These  fellows  do  not  want  any  reasonable  concession.  They  are  looking 
for  riot  and  plunder.  They  haven't  got  one  honest  aim  nor  one  honorable 
end  in  view. 

Mark  them  to-day.  Keep  them  in  view.  Hold  them  personally 
responsible  for  any  trouble  that  occurs.  Make  an  example  of  them  if 
trouble  does  occxtr. 

"Certainly  a  more  personally  vindictive  article,"  says 
the  socialistic  historian  Lum,  '•  than  any  the  prosecution 
have  been  al)le  to  produce  from  the  pen  of  either  Spies  or 
Parsons.  How  these  gentlemen  have  borne  themselves  when 
'trouble'  came  is  a  matter  upon  which  no  question  can  be 
raised;  how  far  the  implied  threat  has  influenced  their  con- 
viction, is  not,  however,  beyond  question."' 

The  same  hand  that  wrote  the  MaiVs  leader  quoted 
above,  is  tracing  these  lines  to-day,  and  its  owner,  looking 
back  over  the  past  seventeen  months,  sees  that  the  warning 
he  then  gave  was  fully  warranted  and  justified  by  subse- 
quent events,  and  that  the  predictions  made  were  in  every  way 
fulfilled.  Parsons  and  Spies  were  the  most  dangerous  of  all 
the  ruffians  concerned  in  the  anarchist  conspiracy,  because 
they  were  endowed  generously  with  brains,  liberally  with 
education  and  plentifully  with  the  smooth  and  subtle  faculty 
of  attracting  the  ignorant  and  the  brutish  about  them — a 
faculty  which  they  used  unstintingly  and  in  the  furtherance 
of  every  one  of  the  innumerable  devilish  propensities  of 
their  natures.  When  "trouble"  did  come,  Parsons  was  the 
only  one  of  the  anarchist  leaders  to  turn  tail  and  fly.  He 
made  his  appearance  afterward   in  court  and  gave  himself 


268  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

up  to  the  authorities,  but  this  he  did  upon  the  positive 
assurance  of  his  over-sanguine  counsel  that  lie  would  cer- 
tainly escape  punishment.  After  his  conviction,  his  incar- 
ceration in  the  county  jail  v^^as  characterized  by  one  con- 
tinuous and  unremitting  whine.  He  shirked  his  responsi- 
bility as  an  anarchist  leader  from  the  moment  the  bomb 
was  thrown.  And  how  was  it  with  Spies  ?  He  had  no  time 
to  fly,  but  was  putting  his  affairs  in  shape,  so  that  he  could 
make  a  sudden  departure,  when  arrested.  Making  a  dis- 
gusting display  of  bravado  at  the  start,  he  soon  ingratiated 
himself  into  the  affections  of  a  sympathetic  but  very  fool- 
ish virgin,  and  through  her  sentimental  tears,  cowardlv 
appealed  for  mercy. 

Editor  George  Schilling,  of  the  Eight-Hour  Day,  a 
paper  published  in  the  interest  of  the  movement  for  shorter 
working  hours,  published  an  editorial  under  the  head  of 
"The  Situation,"  on  Saturday  morning,  May  1.  As  it  rep- 
resents the  views  of  the  real  friends  of  the  proposed  change, 
as  opposed  to  those  expressed  by  the  anarchists,  it  is  proper 
to  quote  from  it  fully: 

The  results  of  the  coming  week  will  be  watched  with  intense  interest 
by  friends  and  foes  alike.  The  atmosphere  is  filled  with  strikes  and 
rumors  of  strikes.  Some  of  the  unions,  we  regret  to  say,  have  gone  off 
half-cocked,  and  are  compliciting  this  eight-hour  question  too  much 
with  that  of  wages,  and  herein  lies  the  greatest  danger  to  the  movement 
in  this  city.  Many  of  the  manufacturers  say  they  cannot  pay  the  20  per 
cent,  increase  in  wages  until  the  same  demand  is  successfully  made  of 
their  Eastern  competitors.  This  looks  reasonable,  and  the  Eight-Hour 
Day  deprecates  the  action  of  those  unions  who  have  thereby  complicated 
the  situation,  and  are  likely  to  endanger  the  success  of  the  movement. 

Competition  is  a  factor  in  the  question,  and  the  workingmen  of  Chi- 
cago have  no  right  to  exact  short  hours  and  high  wages  from  their 
employers  unless  similar  demands  are  made  elsewhere. 

This  was  the  situation  in  a  nut-shell,  and  an  answer  com- 
plete and  convincing  to  the  article  written  by  Spies  on  the 
same  subject.     Mr.  Schilling  added: 

The  coming  week  is  the  most  responsible  in  the  history  of  the  labor 
movement  in  Chicago.  Strikes  must  be  averted,  if  possible.  Those  un- 
der way  should  be  settled  through  the  art  of  diplomacy  instead  of  con- 


THE    EIGlIT-HOUil    AGITATION.  -liV.) 

tiuued  hostilities.  The  various  lraf,'nu-uts  of  partially  organized  work- 
in^'men  must  be  brouiirht  under  one  head,  one  eight-hour  council,  so  that 
the  entire  movement  may  bo  conducted  with  the  precision  of  clock-work. 
Men  who  have  more  passion  than  brains,  and  are  full  of  braggadocio, 
must  be  put  aside. 

But  Schilling,  aiul  men  like  him,  who  were  aiming  solely 
for  the  success  of  the  eight-hour  movement,  were  no  longer 
in  control  of  the  situation.     It  had  slipped,  noiselessly  from 
their  grip.      Short  hours   Avith  long  pay,  and  slu)rt  hours 
with    increased    pay,    were    now    the  rallying    cries.       The 
eight-hour  question   gradually  fell  back  to  the  rear.      The 
Avorkingmen  were  no  longer  fighting  for  a  grand  ]>rinci[)le. 
They  openly  confessed,  in  many  instances,  that  what  they 
wanted  was  not  shorter  hours,  but  more  wages,  while  many 
threatened  that,  in  case  short  hours  were  granted,  they  would 
still  insist  and  strike  for  advances  in  wages.      Before  May  1 
the  furniture  workers,  foundrymen,  the  employes  of  several 
of  the  railroad  companies,  and  the  lumbermen,  were  out  on 
a  strike  for  ten  hours'  pay  for  eight  hours'  work.      On  May 
1,  the  "Day  of  Emancipation,"  as  it  Avas  called,  some  thirty 
thousand  men  struck  work  in  every  department  of  industry, 
from  the  men  avIio  handled  freight  in  the  railroad  warehouses 
to  the  girls  who  seAved  uppers  in  the  shoe  factories.      The 
streets  were  thronged  Avith  idle  men  and  Avomen,  the  manu- 
factories were  silent,  and  business  in  general  Avas  almost  at 
a  standstill.      A  large  number  of  employers,  before  evening, 
yielded  to  or  compromised  Avitli  their  hands — some  granting 
ten  hours'   pay,  others  nine  hours'  pay,  for  eight  hours' 
work.      Some   went  even    further,   and  promised   their  em- 
ployes Saturday  afternoon  holidays,  but  the  great  majority 
of  tlie  large  employing  concerns  held  out  against  the  de- 
mands made.      By  far  the  most  serious  strike  was  that  of 
the  freight  handlers,  as  it  practically  paralyzed  the  business 
of  the  railroad  companies,  and  in  turn  prevented  merchants 
from  receiving  or  shipping  goods.     The  Chicago,  Mihvaukee 
&  St.  Paul   had  begun  to   hire  non-union  men,   promising 
them  full  protection  and  high  Avages.  before  the  day  closed. 


2«U  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

Parsons  left  for  Cincinnati  that  night.  Spies,  Schwab  and 
Fieldeii  were,  however,  active  in  their  attendance  at  meet- 
ings, and  the  red  flag  made  its  appearance  in  different  parts 
of  the  city.  The  day  closed  with  an  immense  ball,  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Trades  and  Labor  Assembly,  at  Cavalry 
Battery,  which  passed  off  pleasantly.  All  this  time  the 
police  Avere  kept  busy.  Tlie  greatest  activity  prevailed  at 
headquarters.  Frederick  Ebersold  was  now  superintendent 
and  John  Bonfield  inspector  of  police.  A  closer  watch 
than  they  suspected  was  kept  on  the  movements  of  the 
anarchists.  The  superintendent,  from  the  telephone  at 
headquarters,  directed  the  movements  of  the  police,  order- 
ing the  patrol  wagons  here  and  there,  and  keeping,  as  it 
were,  the  entire  city,  and  particularly  that  portion  of  it 
where  trouble  was  likely  to  occur,  under  his  watchful  eye. 
Detectives  were  on  the  alert.  Every  man  on  the  force  was 
prepared  for  an  emergency.  Sunday,  May  2,  passed  over 
very  quietly — so  quietly  that  many  were  led  to  believe  that 
the  excitement  had  cooled  down,  and  that  all  trouble  woidd 
be  averted.  The  railroad  managers,  it  was  announced,  were 
about  to  hold  a  joint  meeting,  and  the  impression  prevailed 
that  the  demands  of  the  strikers  would  be  complied  with. 
This  action,  if  taken,  would  influence  or  compel  those  in 
other  lines  of  trade  to  follow,  and  the  eight-hour  day  would 
be  a  reality.  Some  of  the  great  employing  concerns  had 
already  given  their  men  to  understand  that  their  demands 
would  be  complied  with.  Good  feeling  seemed  to  prevail 
in  most  quarters.  The  anarchists  were  driven  to  despera- 
tion. If  the  eicrht-hour  figfht  should  win,  all  was  lost  for 
them.  But  they  were  quiet  this  Sabbath  day,  too,  and  no 
red  flags  were  flaunted  from  their  headquarters  on  West 
Lake  street.  Said  one  of  the  daily  papers  of  that  morning: 
"  The  thinking  men  will  now  have  an  inning,  and  the  red 
flag  spirit  will,  doubtless,  be  somewhat  crushed."  Delusive 
dream !  The  red  flag  spirit  was  at  that  very  moment  pre- 
paring for  its  boldest  stroke. 


THE    EIGHT-HOUn    AGITATION.  271 

Ou  Monday,  May  8,  the  iraraber  of  strikers  had  quad- 
rupled and  the  excitement  in  all  (quarters  of  tlie  city  increased 
in  proportion.  All  classes  and  grades  of  workingmen  had 
quit  their  shops.  The  mania  was  spreading  and  the  dry 
goods  clerks  threatened  to  leave  their  places  behind  the 
counter.  A  number  of  processions  moved  through  the 
streets,  and  on  Fifth  avenue  occurred  a  scene,  one  of  the 
most  disgraceful  in  the  history  of  Chicago,  that  caused  the 
blood  in  many  an  honest  and  patriotic  heart  to  l)oil  with 
indignation.  A  procession  of  about  500  tailor-girls  had 
been  moving  down  that  thoroughfare.  It  was  composed 
wholly  of  the  daughters  or  wives  of  foreigners,  principally 
of  Bohemian,  Polish  and  Hungarian  origin.  Many  of  the 
young  women,  doubtless  ignorant  of  their  meaning,  and  in- 
spired with  the  excitement  of  the  day,  carried  and  waved  red 
flags.  In  passing  the  office  of  the  Arheiter  Zcifinig,  which 
was  then  located  on  the  avenue  named,  a  lot  of  frowsy- 
headed  ruflfians,  among  them  Spies  and  Schwab,  w  aved  red 
banners  and  flags  from  the  windows,  and  gesticulated  like 
madmen  in  a  frenzy  of  delight,  over  the  appearance  of  the 
miserably-clad  women,  many  of  whom  were  undoubtedly 
dressed  in  ragged  apparel  for  effect — as  the  poorest  women  in 
Chicago  never  look  as  shabby  as  m'ost  of  those  creatures  did 
that  day.  The  blood-red  flag  of  the  commune  had  never 
been  flaunted  as  boldly  before  in  the  business  part  of  the  city, 
and  a  number  of  citizens  were  on  the  point  of  rushing  into 
the  ArheUcr  Zcitmig,  gutting  the  place  and  stringing  up 
the  vagabonds  responsible  for  the  treasonable  proceeding, 
when  the  flags  were  hauled  in,  followed  by  the  frowsy  heads, 
and  better  councils  prevailed. 

That  afternoon  ominous  news  came  from  the  Black  Road. 
The  McCormick  strikers  had  been  mysteriously  quiet  for 
several  days.  Now  the  passions  of  the  men  broke  out  afresh 
and  hostilities  had  begun  in  earnest.  Some  five  or  six  thou- 
sand Sclavs,  among  whom  were  a  few  Germans  of  the  lowest 
order,  assembled  on  the  commons  or  prairie,  which  lay  ou 


272  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

either  side  of  Blue  Island  avenue  at  the  terminus  of  Eobey 
street,  at  about  two  o'clock.  These  men  had  been  gathering 
from  an  early  hour  in  the  morning,  and  they  dotted  the  Black 
Road  and  prairie  very  thickly  when  the  1,400  men  employed 
in  the  McCormick  factory  crossed  over  to  begin  their  day's 
work.  About  75  per  cent,  of  these  were  non-unionists,  or 
"scabs."  as  the  strikers  were  pleased  to  call  them.  A  de- 
tachment of  the  strikers  had  been  placed  near  the  gate  of 
the  factory,  and  as  the  workmen  approached  ih  >y  were  either 
prevailed  upon  not  to  enter,  compelled  to  stay  out,  or  gained 
admission  through  force.  During  the  forenoon  crowds  hung 
about  the  gate,  or  leaned  against  the  high  board  fence 
which  surrounded  the  works.  A  meeting  was  called  for  the 
afternoon,  at  which  all  the  strikers  and  their  friends  were 
urged  to  be  present,  and  hence  tlie  gathering  of  five  or  six 
thousand  on  the  prairie.  The  striking  1  amber  shovers  had 
contributed  toward  swelling  the  crowd,  and  according  to  the 
statement  of  August  Spies,  who  addressed  the  meeting,  "fully 
10,000  persons  must  have  been  present"  when  he  arrived. 
A  number  of  speeches  were  made  in  the  Polish,  Bohemian, 
Hungarian  and  German  languages,  and  after  the  less  cele- 
brated orators  had  finished.  Spies  addressed  the  multitutle. 
There  were  some  detectives  scattered  among  the  crowd  and 
around  the  factory,  but  very  few  policemen  were  present,  as 
no  immediate  trouble  was  anticipated  out  that  way,  and  the 
entire  force  was  kept  busy  in  the  different  districts  of  the 
city  where  strikes  were  in  progress.  The  speeches  made  in 
Polish  and  Bohemian  were  of  the  most  inflammatory  nature, 
and  Spies  .capped  the  climax  by  urging  the  already  excited 
men  to  incendiarism  and  violence.  Here  was  a  chance  to 
crush  out  the  eight-hour  movement,  and  the  opportunity  was 
not  to  be  wasted.  He  advised  the  men  to  arm  themselves 
with  dynamite,  rifles,  shot-guns,  pistols,  clubs,  sticks,  stones — 
anything  that  they  could  use  effectively — and  make  a  bold 
stroke  for  freedom  here  and  now.  No  time  was  to  be  lost. 
The  work  must  be  lieijun  at  once. 


THE    EIGHT-HOUR    AGITATION.  273 

TJie  detectives  ami  policemen  who  were  present  became 
alarmed  early  in  the  speech-making.  They  saw  that  trouble 
was  inevitable.  Word  was  sent  to  headquarters,  and  soon 
patrol  wagons,  loaded  with  l)lue-('(  a':s.  were  on  their  way  to 
the  Black  Road. 

Many  of  the  excited   men  had  already  left  the  meeting 

before  Spies  closed  his  speech,  and  he  testifies: 

During'  my  speech  I  heard  some  voices  in  the  rear,  which  I  did  not 
understand,  and  saw  about  150  men  leave  the  prairie,  running  up  the 
Black  Road,  toward  McCormick's  reaper  works  (one-quarter  mile  south 
of  where  the  meeting  was ).  Five  minutes  later  I  heard  pistol  shooting 
in  this  direction,  and  upon  inquiry  was  informed  that  the  striking  mold- 
ers  of  McCormick's  works  were  trying  to  make  the  "  scabs,"  who  had 
taken  their  places,  stop  work.  Aboxit  this  time — I  was  just  closing  my 
speech  [Spies  should  have  said,  "About  this  time,  I  thought  it  best  to 
close  my  speech  "] — a  patrol  wagon  rattled  up  the  street,  filled  with  police- 
men ;  a  few  minutes  later  about  seventy-five  policemen  followed  the 
patrol  wagon  on  foot,  who  were  again  followed  by  three  or  four  more 
patrol  wagons.  The  shooting  continued,  only  that,  instead  of  single 
shots,  regular  volleys  were  now  fired.  I  left  the  meeting,  and  hastened 
up  to  McCormick's. 

Mr.  Spies'  statement  is  all  correct,  save  as  to  the  last 
sentence.  He  left  the  meeting — there  is  no  question  about 
that;  but  he  didn't  hasten  up  to  McCormick's.  On  the  con- 
trary, he  hastened — that  does  not  express  it — fled  to  a  Blue 
Island  avenue  street-car,  and  was  soon  on  his  way  to  the 
Arbeiter  Zeitung  office,  where  the  work  of  preparing  the 
"Revenge  Circular"  was  undertaken  a  little  later  on.  The 
detectives  who  turned  in  the  police  alarm  were  J.  M.  Hanes 
and  J.  J.  Egan.  How  quickly  it  was  responded  to,  the 
statement  made  by  Spies  seems  to  show.  Locked  within 
the  telephone  room  at  headquarters  was  Superintendent 
Ebersold  from  that  moment  until  late  in  the  evening,  dis- 
patching patrol  wagons  from  point  to  point,  ordering  de- 
tachments here  and  there,  and  covering  the  field  of  opera- 
tion as  intelligently — more  intelligently — than  if  he  had 
been  on  the  ground.  Not  a  wagon  or  a  company  moved  or 
acted  without  his  special  instructions.  With  the  station 
nearest  to  the  trouble  always  in  direct  communication  with 


274  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

him,  he  heard  reports,  and  acted  upon  them  quickly,  de- 
cisively and  energetically.  During  that  exciting  afternoon, 
the  mobs,  moving  in  different  directions,  must  have  felt 
some  surprise  at  being  headed  off  and  scattered  at  every 
turn.  Chief  Ebersold,  through  liis  able  lieutenants,  had 
information  immediately  regarding  every  movement  made, 
and  the  patrol  wagons,  which  dashed  hither  and  thither 
without  apparent  object,  and  with  such  apparent  reckless- 
ness, were  all  moving  in  response  to  the  plans  being  exe- 
cuted at  headquarters.  The  scene  laid  before  Ebersold  like 
a  checker-board,  and  he  moved  his  men  as  carefully  as  the 
most  expert  of  players,  until  the  surface  was  entirely  in 
the  hands  of  the  blue-coats,  and  the  Reds  had  been  wiped 
out.  Never  had  the  patrol  system  been  worked  to  greater 
perfection. 

But  while  he  was  engaged  in  handling  the  force,  bloody 
work  was  going  on.  Patrolmen  AVest  and  Condon  were  the 
only  policemen  at  the  McCormick  factory  when  the  first  out- 
break and  assault  occurred.  As  the  crowds  came  thick  and 
fast  across  the  prairie  and  on  the  Black  Road  toward  the 
works,  the  factory  bell  rang  out  for  the  men  employed  within 
to  quit  work.  Then  the  workmen  began  to  pass  out,  dinner 
buckets  in  hand.  It  was  about  half-past  3  o'clock.  The 
mob  gathered  around  the  gates.  Three  or  four  of  the  work- 
men were  assaulted  and  brutally  beaten.  Others  were  driven 
back  to  the  enclosure.  Officers  Condon  and  West  fousrht 
like  heroes  to  protect  the  workmen,  and  brandishing  their 
clubs  and  revolvers  kept  the  crowd  at  bay.  Condon,  at 
length,  was  struck  on  the  side  by  a  heavy  stone,  and  hastened 
toward  Western  and  Blue  Island  avenue  to  turn  in  an  alarm. 
Here  he  found  that  he  was  so  badly  injured  as  to  be  unable 
to  speak.  Somebody  standing  near  sent  in  the  alarm  for  him. 
This  hurried  the  reinforcements.  Officer  West  was  driven 
from  his  position  at  the  gate,  pursued  down  the  switch  track 
alongside  the  McCormick  works,  pelted  with  stones  and 
badly   beaten.     Then  the  Hinman  street  patrol  wagon,  in 


THE    EIGHT-HOUll    AGITATION.  275 

commaiul  of  Sergeant  Enright,  and  manned  by  Officers  Fu- 
gate,  Ratferty,  Falley,  Quintan,  Walsh,  Peasnick,  Zimmick, 
and  McCarthy,  came  dashing  toward  the  mob  that  sur- 
rounded the  gate,  cut  an  avenue  through  it,  and  entered  the 
enclosure.  Quick  as  a  flash  the  men  were  out  of  the  wagon 
and  fighting  back  the  infuriated  rioters,  while  stones  and  bul- 
lets whizzed  around  their  ears  and  missiles  of  every  conceiv- 
able character  were  hurled  against  tliem  in  blinding  showers. 
Not  a  pane  of  glass  nor  a  window  sash  was  left  whole  in  the 
northern  portion  of  the  McCormick  works.  The  mob  wrecked 
the  gateman's  house,  and  it  was  driving  the  brave  little  body 
of  policemen  into  close  quarters  when  another  wagon-load  of 
men  arrived,  dismounted,  and  opened  fire  upon  the  mob,  and 
then  came  Captain  Simon  O'Donnell,  and  after  him  another 
large  reinforcement.  Captain  O'Donnell  was  well  known  to 
the  mob,  and  thoroughly  hated  because  of  the  vigorous 
manner  in  which  he  had  dealt  with  the  professional  rioters 
in  his  district.  He  drove  from  the  Twelfth  street  station  in 
a  buggy.  As  he  was  passing  through  Blue  Island  avenue, 
some  thirty  rioters  surrounded  his  vehicle  and  ordered  liim 
to  get  out.  He  lashed  his  horse,  cut  the  rioters'  faces  with 
his  whip,  and  drove  through  them.  Then  they  hurled 
stones  and  bricks  at  him,  some  of  them  striking  him  on  the 
body.  He  dropped  the  curtains,  wheeled  the  buggy  around 
and  faced  his  pursuers  and  assailants,  revolver  in  hand,  and 
the  stones .  fell  from  the  hands  of  the  ruffians  harmlessly. 
There  was  that  in  the  captain's  face  which  told  them  they 
had  gone  far  enough.  The  captain  then  charged  upon  the 
mob  and  the  cowardly  miscreants  fled,  and  Captain  O'Don- 
nell drove  rapidly  to  McCormick' s.  One  of  the  patrol  wag- 
ons^ was  attacked  by  a  detached  mob  before  reaching  the 
factory.  Every  ruffian  in  the  crowd  appeared  to  be  provided 
with  stones.  These  were  showered  down  upon  the  wagon- 
full  of  patrolmen,  and  the  horses  became  frightened.  Some 
of  the  rioters  attempted  to  climb  into  the  wagon.  The 
driver  gathered   up  his  lines,  lashed   his  horses,  the  police- 

?8 


276  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

men  in  the  wagon  bent  low  to  escape  the  shower  of  stones, 
while  revolvers  kept  the  mad  crowd  at  bay.  The  men  were 
needed,  and  speedily,  elsewhere.  Were  it  not  for  this  fact 
that  mob  would  have  suffered. 

As  the  patrol  wagons  dashed  up,  one  after  another,  the 
mob  became  less  aggressive,  wavered  and  scattered.  Every 
one  of  the  wagons  was  saluted  with  a  volley  of  stones  as  it 
passed  through  the  dense  crowd.  Officer  Shepherd  knocked 
a  would-be  assassin  senseless  with  his  club,  as  he  was  taking 
deliberate  aim  with  a  revolver  at  a  wagon  load  of  policemen. 
The  entire  district  was  covered  with  rioters,  but  the  wagons 
dashed  hither  and  thither,  dispersing  the  crowds  wherever 
they  were  inclined  to  gather  in  large  numbers.  This  was 
kept  up  for  an  hour  after  the  assault  on  the  works,  and  the 
police  at  length  had  the  entire  district  under  subjection.  A 
man  named  John  Vogtik  was  shot  through  the  left  loin  dur- 
ing the  battle  at  the  gate.  Another  was  killed.  Several  others 
were  shot  less  seriously.  One  man  had  his  finger  shot  off, 
another  had  a  gash  cut  across  his  scalp.  Fifty  or  more  were 
badly  bruised  and  otherwise  injured.  Many  of  the  rioters 
were  clubbed  and  went  home  with  swollen  heads  and  sore 
shoulders.  Assistant  Superintendent  Bensly,  of  McCormick's 
factory,  was  badly  bruised.  Officer  Kaiser  was  badly  wounded 
in  the  head  by  a  stone  thrown  from  the  mob.  All  was  quiet 
in  the  Black  Road  at  6  o'clock  that  evening.  One  of  the 
most  exciting  events  of  the  day  remains  to  be  described. 

Officer  Casey,  of  the  third  precinct  station,  with  three 
other  policemen,  undertook  to  convey  John  Vogtik,  the 
wounded  man  mentioned  above,  to  his  home.  No.  422  West 
Seventeenth  street.  The  patrol  wagon  in  which  the 
wounded  man  lay  was  followed  by  a  savage  mob,  bent  upon 
seeking  vengeance  for  the  shooting  of  their  comrades.  The 
crowd  was  composed  almost  wholly  of  Bohemians.  As  the 
wagon  turned  the  corner  of  Center  avenue  the  mob  divided 
up  into  smaller  bodies  and  did  not  follow,  but  each  crowd 
appeared  to  be  discussing  the  situation  among  themselves. 


THE    EIGHT-HOUR    AGITATION.  'Ill 

They  stood  quietly  around  while  the  policemen  carried  their 
wounded  fellow-countryman  into  his  house,  and  by  the  time 
that  he  was  deposited  on  a  bed,  and  the  policemen  had  re- 
turned to  the  street,  the  entire  neighborhood  liatl  turned  out 
en  masse  and  cloircred  the  street  on  both  sides  of  the  wagon. 
Casey  remained  behind  to  get  the  report  of  Vogtik's  con- 
dition, and  was  detained  in  the  house  about  five  minutes 
after  the  other  officers  had  taken  their  seats  in  the  wagon. 
Many  of  the  neighbors  had  crowded  into  the  house,  and 
into  the  bedroom  where  Vogtik  lay.  On  being  asked  who 
shot  him,  Vogtik,  evidently  misunderstanding  the  question, 
pointed  to  Casey.  The  crowd  inside  would  not  and  did  not 
wait  for  an  explanation,  but  immediately  communicated  the 
news  that  Vogtik's  murderer  was  in  the  house,  to  the  mob 
outside.  Instantly  there  was  a  demand  for  Casey's  blood. 
He  was  seized  and  dragged  out  to  the  sidewalk.  "Lynch 
him,"  "  Hang  him,"  "  Kill  him,"  were  the  cries  heard  on 
all  sides.  Casey,  although  a  Hercules  in  strength,  was 
powerless  in  the  hands  of  this  mob,  which  hemmed  him  in 
on  all  sides.  But  he  made  a  desperate  struggle,  and  in  his 
efforts  to  escape  his  uniform  was  torn  in  shreds.  A  ruffian 
in  the  mob  brought  a  rope,  and  one  end  of  it  was  thrown 
over  the  arm  of  a  lamp-post  in  front  of  Vogtik's  house,  the 
mob  setting  up  a  cheer  and  yelling  with  delight  when  they 
beheld  this  proceeding.  As  Casey's  eyes  fell  upon  the  dang- 
ling rope,  and  as  he  realized  the  dreadful  and  humiliating 
end  which  this  barbarous  crowd  had  prepared  for  him,  he 
made  an  almost  superhuman  effort,  threw  off  his  captors, 
freed  himself  of  their  clutches,  and  ran  for  his  life,  followed 
by  the  disappointed,  howling,  murderous  canaille.  Casey 
fired  several  shots  as  he  ran,  and  succeeded  in  keeping 
safely  in  advance  of  the  mob  until  he  reached  Center  avenue, 
where  the  patrol  wagon,  containing  his  comrades,  met  him, 
they  having  turned  back  upon  hearing  the  shots  from 
his  revolver.  He  was  helped  into  the  wagon  in  an  al- 
most exhausted  condition.     The  mob  seemed  to  be  inclined 


278  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

to  attack  the  wagon   at  first,  but  the  policemen   drew  their 
revolvers,  and  the  crowd  fell  back. 

When  the  Black  Road  had  been  quieted,  the  police  es- 
corted the  workingmen  confined  within  the  McCormick 
factory  to  their  homes.  The  wives  and  daughters  and 
mothers  of  the  Bohemian  and  Polish  rioters  at  intervals 
attacked  the  officers  of  the  law  with  stones  and  sticks,  but 
more  frequently  with  vile  abuse  in  Sclavonic  and  broken 
English.  One  woman  struck  an  officer  with  a  stone,  and  the 
police  were  finally  compelled  to  make  a  harmless  charge 
upon  these  females,  in  order  to  scatter  them. 

In  taking  home  a  wounded  socialist,  one  of  the  patrol 
wagons,  containing  five  men,  was  attacked  by  an  immense 
mob.  An  effort  was  made  to  overturn  the  wagon,  and  the 
massacre  of  the  police  appeared  to  have  been  determined 
upon.  One  of  the  rioters  had  aimed  a  blow  at  Officer  Kay- 
zer,  who  in  turn  fired,  and  the  socialist  fell. 

Lieutenant  (now  captain)  Hubbard,  with  one  hundred 
men,  remained  at  the  Central  detail  in  reserve  throughout 
the  day.  Nearly  all  the  other  stations,  particularly  those  in 
the  disturbed  districts,  were  well  provided  with  reserves. 
Every  point,  where  trouble  was  likely  to  occur,  was  covered 
by  the  force.  The  disposition  and  discipline  of  the  men 
were  admirable.  There  were  no  hitches  whatever,  and  from 
morning  until  night,  the  police  machinery  of  the  city  acted  like 
clock-work.  "  We  have  perfected  arrangements  for  prompt 
and  decisive  action  in  all  cases,"  said  Inspector  Bonfield  that 
night.  "  I  believe  we  are  strong  enough  to  suppress  any 
uprising.  I  do  not  believe  it  will  be  necessary  to  call  out  the 
militia,  because  I  do  not  anticipate  any  serious  trouble.  There 
will  be  more  or  less  rioting,  a  few  sanguinary  conflicts,  some 
blood  spilling  perhaps,  but  I  do  not  anticipate  anything  like  a 
repetition  of  the  riot  of  1877."  Inspector  Bonfield  could  not 
calculate  upon  the  devilish  secret  designs  of  the  anarchists; 
no  man  could.  He  supposed  that  the  police  department  had 
human  beings,  not  bloodthirsty  demons,  to  deal  with. 


THE    FOURTH    OF    MAY,    '8G.  279 


CHAPTER   XIV. 

THE  FOURTH  OF  MAY,  1886— FROM  MORNING  UNTIL  NIGHT— THE  OUTRAGES 
COMMITTED  BY  THE  MOBS  IN  THE  VICINITY  OF  EIGHTEENTH  STREET 
AND  CENTER  AVENUE  -  LIVELY  WORK  FOR  THE  POLICEMEN  IN  THE 
ANARCHIST  SECTION-THE  "REVENGE  CniCULAR"— SCHWAB'S  INCEN- 
DIARY EDITORIAL.  AND  THE  CALL  FOR  A  MASS  MEETING— SPIES' 
SIDE  OF  THE  QUESTION— THE  HAYMARKET  GATHERING— WHY  THE 
MEETING  PLACE   WAS    CHANGED. 

A  fairer  morning  than  that  which  smiled  across  the  blue 
waters  of  Lake  Michigan  on  the  4th  clay  of  May,  1886, 
never  dawned  upon  the  city  of  Chicago.  The  wounded, 
crippled,  bruised  and  bleeding  anarchists  who  looked  out 
upon  it  must  have  been  maddened  by  the  perfect  beauty 
of  the  new^  day,  the  clearness  of  the  sky,  the  fresh- 
ness of  the  atmosphere,  and  the  glorious  awakening  of 
Nature  from  her  long  sleep,  made  manifest  in  every  peeping 
grass-blade  and  swelling  bud. 

The  night,  to  all  appearances,  had  passed  over  peaceably, 
and,  to  those  who  sought  the  city's  business  center  in*  the 
early  morning,  it  seemed  as  though  the  excitement  oc- 
casioned by  the  eight-hour  strikes  and  the  troubles  at  Mc- 
Cormick's  were  about  to  subside  at  last.  A  feelinor  of  tran- 
quillity  prevailed  down  town,  and  to  such  an  extent  that  even 
yesterday's  events,  fresh,  impressive  and  alarming  as  they 
were  but  a  few  hours  since,  were  already  fading  from  the 
public  mind,  and  gliding  smoothly  and  swiftly  into  history, 
as  mere  episodes  along  the  road  of  Chicago's  marvelous 
progress.  This  sudden  change  from  public  alarm  to  popu- 
lar tranquillity  was  one  which,  in  a  great  measure,  had  be- 
come peculiar  to  Chicago.  The  panic  occasioned  by  the 
great  fire  was  dreadful  while  it  lasted,  but  it  died  completely 
out  in  a  single  night,  and  some  two  hundred  thousand  souls, 


2<S<)  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

who  li;ul  gone  to  sleep  in  desi3air,  arose  next  morning 
linoyant  with  hope  and  confident  of  success.  The  riot 
of  '77  reached  its  climax  one  afternoon,  and  the  city  was 
crazed  with  excitement;  next  day  the  riot  was  hardly  an 
interesting  topic  of  conversation.  So  it  was  on  other  occa- 
sions, and  so  it  promised  to  be  now.  The  police  had  finally 
grappled  with  the  McCormick  rioters  in  dead  earnest,  and 
whenever  they  were  aroused  to  that  point,  then  peace  w^as 
brought  around  sure  and  sudden.  What  need  to  bother  any 
further  w  ith  the  disturbance  ?     It  was  all  over. 

The  friends  of  the  eight-hour  movement  were  really 
chuckling  over  the  defeat  of  the  anarchist  element  on  the 
Black  Eoad.  Parsons,  Spies  and  the  rest  had  taken  charge 
of  the  campaign  down  that  way,  and  had  met  with  ignoble 
failure.  It  w^as  plain  now  that  they  would  not  dare  to  raise 
their  heads  again.  Spies  had  retreated  on  a  street-car  at 
the  sound  of  the  first  pistol  shot,  and,  of  course,  he  would 
not  have  the  impudence  to  say  another  word.  Everything 
looked  very  favorable  for  the  movement.  At  the  stock 
yards  and  Pullman,  the  strike  for  short  hours  was  general. 
Many  employers  announced  voluntarily  a  reduction  of  hours, 
at  the  old  pay.  The  packing  houses  were  yielding — under 
protest,  of  course,  but  yielding  nevertheless.  The  lumber- 
men were  inclined  to  look  upon  the  movement  favorably, 
notwithstanding  that  threats  of  burning  the  yards  had  been 
and  were  being  freely  made  by  the  employes.  The  state  of 
business  was  such  that  manufacturers,  as  a  rule,  could  not 
afPord  to  shut  down.  The  demands  of  trade  w-ere  pressing. 
The  times  were  good.  It  was  just  at  the  opening  of  a  season 
which  gave  every  promise  of  being  a  most  prosperous  one. 
One  by  one  during  the  morning,  and  faster  still  by  noon,, 
they  fell  into  line,  took  their  old  hands  back  under  the  new 
arrangement,  and  cheerfully  set  to  work  to  make  the  best  of 
it.  There  may  have  been  many — undoubtedly  there  were — 
among  these  manufacturers  who  bent  their  heads  to  the  in- 
evitable, with  the  mental  reservation  that  when  trade  slack- 


THE    FOURTH    OF    MAY,    '86.  281 

ened  they  would  .throw  these  eight-hour  strikers  out  of 
doors,  and  bring  them  to  better  terms.  But  the  great  major- 
ity of  Chicago  employers,  who  made  the  concessions  de- 
manded, did  so  in  good  faith. 

In  his  dirty  little  office  on  Fifth  avenue,  the  bloody- 
minded  Spies  had  already  put  a  finishing  touch  to  the  eight- 
hour  agitation.  He  was  driven  to  the  point  where  a  des- 
perate card  had  to  be  played — and  he  played  it. 

He  claims  to  have  left  the  meeting,  which  he  was  en- 
gaged in  addressing  when  the  shooting  was  heard  at  Mc- 
Cormick's,  in  order  to  join  the  mob  that  was  surging  toward 
the  works.  It  has  been  established,  as  before  stated,  with- 
out any  doubt,  that  he  immediately  took  a  street-car.  After 
seeing  some  indescribable  butcheries  performed  by  the  hell- 
ish police  at  McCormick's  gate,  "I  ran  back^"  he  says,  "to 
the  meeting,  which  in  the  meantime  had  been  adjourned. 
The  people  were  leaving  it  in  small  knots,  going  home,  some 
of  them  indifferent  and  unconcerned  at  the  news  from  Mc- 
Cormick's,  others  shaking  their  heads  in  indignation.  I 
was  frantic,  but  my  senses  returned  as  I  glanced  over  the 
stolid  faces  of  these  people;  there  was  no  response  there! 
And,  seeing  that  I  could  be  of  no  possible  assistance  here, 
I  took  a  car,  without  uttering  another  word,  and  rode  down 
town  to  my  office.  Just  in  what  frame  of  mind  I  was,  I  can- 
not describe.  I  sat  down  to  address  a  circular  to  the  work- 
ingmen — a  short  account  of  what  had  transpired,  and  a  word 
of  advice :  that  they  should  not  be  so  foolish  as  to  try  to  resist 
an  armed,  organized  '  mob,'  in  the  employ  of  the  capitalists, 
with  empty  hands, — but  I  was  so  excited  that  I  could  not 
write.  I  dictated  a  short  address,  but  tore  it  up  again,  after 
I  had  read  it,  and  then  sat  down — the  compositors  were 
waiting  for  the  copy,  it  being  after  the  regular  hours — and 
wrote  the  now  famous  so-called  'Revenge  Circular'  in  En- 
glish and  German.  The  word  'Revenge'  was  put  on  as  a 
headline  by  one  of  the  compositors  (without  my  knowledge), 
who  '  thought  it  made  a  good  heading.'    I  ordered  the  circular 


282  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

printed,  and  told  the  office  assistant  to  have  them  taken  to 
the  different  meetings  that  were  held  in  the  evening.  There 
were  only  a  few  hundred  of  them  circulated.  After  I  had 
given  this  order,  I  went  home." 

And  so,  after  doing  that  which  was  intended  to  create 
disturbance,  incite  crime  and  lead  to  murder,  and  that  which 
within  a  very  few  hours  afterward  was  destined  to  bring  sor- 
row and  misery  to  a  hundred  hearthstones  and  consternation 
to  the  people  of  a  city  which  had  made  the  mistake  of  tolerat- 
ing liim  and  wretches  like  him  too  lo2ig,  this  devil-inspired, 
anarchistic  maniac,  feeling  easier  in  his  mind,  went  home. 
Here  is  the  actrocious  circular: 

Revenge !  Workingmen,  to  arms !  Your  masters  sent  out  their  blood- 
hounds, the  police.  They  killed  six  of  your  brothers  at  McCormick's  this 
afternoon;  they  killed  the  poor  wretches  because  they  had  the  courage  to 
disobey  the  supreme  will  of  your  bosses;  they  killed  them  because  they 
dared  to  ask  for  the  shortening  of  the  hours  of  toil;  they  killed  them  to 
show  you,  free  American  citizens,  that  you  must  be  satisfied  and  con- 
tented with  whatever  your  bosses  condescend  to  allow  you,  or  you  will 
get  killed.  You  have  for  years  suffered  unmeasurable  iniquities;  you 
have  worked  yourself  to  death;  you  have  endured  the  pangs  of  want 
and  hunger;  your  children  you  have  sacrificed  to  the  factory  lords — in 
short,  you  have  been  miserable  and  obedient  slaves  all  these  years.  Why? 
To  satisfy  the  insatiable  greed,  to  fill  the  coffers  of  your  lazy,  thieving 
masters.  When  you  ask  them  now  to  lessen  the  burden  they  send  their 
bloodhounds  out  to  shoot  you — kill  you.  If  you  are  men,  if  you  are  the 
eons  of  your  grandsires  who  have  shed  their  blood  to  free  you,  then  you 
will  rise  in  your  might,  Hercules,  and  destroy  the  hideous  monster  that 
seeks  to  destroy  you.    To  arms!    We  call  you  to  arms! 

Your  Brothebs. 

What  if  some  printer,  into  whose  mind  the  poison  of 
the  atmosphere  which  surrounded  the  hyenas  who  crawled 
uj)  and  down  the  narrow  staircase  of  the  Arheiicr  Zciiung 
office  had  penetrated — what  if  some  half-witted  or  drunken 
employe,  had  put  on  as  a  head-line  the  word  "Revenge!" 
It  does  not  add  one  jot  nor  tittle  to  the  diabolical  nature  of 
the  circular,  nor  would  its  omission  lessen  the  atrocity  of  the 
composition. 

In  the  trial  of  the  scoundrels  who  planned,  instigated 


THE    FOUUTH    OF    MAY,  '80.  283 

and  precipitated  tlio  tlirowiiig  of  the  bomb  on  the  night  of 
May  4.  the  state  held  as  its  theory  "that  for  a  number  of 
years  there  existed  in  the  county  of  Cook  a  conspiracy,  em- 
bracing a  large  number  of  persons,  having  for  its  object  the 
•destruction  of  the  legal  autliorities  of  the  state  and  county, 
the  overthrow  of  the  law  itself  and  a  complete  revolution  of 
the  existing  order  of  society,  and  the  accomplishment  of 
this,  not  by  agitation  or  through  the  ballot  box,  but  by  force 
and  terrorism,  a  conspiracy  deliberately  formed  and  thor- 
■oTighly  organized." 

Lest  there  should  still  remain  a  doubt  in  the  minds  of 
intelligent  people  regarding  the  existence  of  this  conspiracy, 
let  us  watch  during  the  next  twenty-four  hours,  as  we  try  to 
describe  them ;  how  events  became  dove-tailed ;  how  appar- 
ently trivial  circumstances  became  woven;  how  arrange- 
ments, seemingly  disjointed  and  without  relatio;i,  settled 
down  finally  into  one  concerted  design  for  the  creation  of  a 
disturbance  which  the  conspirators  hoped  would  end  in  the 
social  revolution  they  had  so  long  dreamed  of. 

A  man  on  horseback  scattered  a  batch  of  the  "Bevenge 
Circulars"  at  a  socialistic  gathering  in  front  of  54  West 
Lake  street  before  the  ink  with  which  they  were  printed  was 
yet  dry,  and  there  is  evidence  going  to  show  that  in  the 
course  of  a  few  hours  he  had  covered  the  districts  inhabited 
by  the  dangerous  element  which  followed  the  leadership  of 
Spies,  Parsons  and  Fielden.  While  the  courier  of  the  con- 
spiracy was  scattering  the  seed  of  riot  and  sedition,  Michael 
Schwab — a  person  with  whom  forgetful  people  later  on  ex- 
pressed some  sympathy — was  preparing  the  following  for 
the  ArheUer  Zeiiimg  : 

Blood  has  flowed.  It  had  to  be,  aud  it  was  not  in  vain,  that  Order 
drilk'd  and  trained  its  bloodhonnds.  It  was  not  for  fun  that  the  militia 
was  i)racticed  in  street  fighting.  The  robbers  who  know  best  of  all  v.'hat 
wretches  they  are;  who  pile  up  their  money  through  the  miseries  of  the 
masses;  who  make  a  trade  of  the  slow  mtxrder  of  the  families  of  work- 
ingmen,  are  the  last  ones  to  stop  short  at  the  direct  shooting  down  of  the 
workiugmen.    "  Down  with  the  CaDaille,"  is  their  motto.     Is  it  not  his- 


28-1:  THE    CHICAGO    TOLICE. 

torically  proven  that  i)rivate  property  grows  out  of  all  sorts  of  violence? 
Are  these  capitalistic  robbers  to  be  allowed  by  the  canaille,  by  the  work- 
ing classes, to  continue  their  bloody  orgies  with  horrid  murders?  Never! 
The  war  of  classes  is  at  hand.  Yesterday  workingmen  were  shot  down 
in  front  of  McCormick's  factory,  whose  blood  cries  out  for  revenge!  Who 
will  deny  that  the  tigers  who  rule  us  are  greedy  for  the  blood  of  the 
workingman  ?  Many  sacrifices  have  been  offered  upon  the  altars  of  the 
golden  calf  amid  tJie  applauding  cries  of  the  capitalistic  band  of  rob- 
bers. One  need  only  think  of  Cleveland,  New  York,  Brooklyn,  East  St. 
Louis,  Fort  Worth,  Chicago,  and  many  other  places,  to  realize  the  tactics 
of  these  despoilers.  It  means,  "  Terrorize  our  working  cattle."  But  the 
workingmen  are  not  sheep,  and  will  reply  to  the  white  terror  with  the 
red  terror.  Do  you  know  what  that  means?  You  soon  will  know. 
Modesty  is  a  crime  on  the  part  of  workingmen,  and  can  anything  be 
more  modest  than  this  eight-hour  demand  ?  It  was  asked  for  peacefully 
a  year  ago,  so  as  to  give  the  spoilsmen  a  chance  to  reply  to  it.  The  an- 
swer is,  drilling  of  the  police  and  militia  regulations  of  the  workingmen 
seeking  to  introduce  the  eight-hour  system,  and,  yesterday,  blood  flowed. 
This  is  the  way  in  which  these  devils  answer  the  modest  prayer  of  their 
slaves. 

Soonei;  death  than  life  in  misery,  if  workingmen  are  to  be  shot  at. 
Let  us  answer  in  such  a  way  that  the  robbers  wall  not  soon  forget  it. 

The  murderous  capitalistic  beasts  have  been  made  drunk  by  the 
smoking  blood  of  workingmen;  the  tiger  is  crouching  for  a  spring;  its 
eyes  glare  miarderously ;  it  moves  its  tail  impatiently,  and  all  its  muscles 
are  tense.  Absolute  necessity  forces  theory:  "To  Arms!  To  Arms!" 
If  you  do  not  defend  yourselves  you  will  be  torn  and  mutilated  by  the 
fangs  of  the  beast.  The  new  yoke  which  awaits  you  in  case  of  a  cow- 
ardly retreat  is  harder  and  heavier  than  the  bitter  yoke  of  your  present 
slavery.  All  the  powers  opposed  to  labor  have  united;  they  see  their 
common  interest  in  such  days  as  these;  all  else  must  be  subordinate  to 
the  one  thought:  How  can  the  wealthy  robbers  and  hired  bands  of 
murderers  be  made  harmless? 

The  papers  lie  when  they  say  that  the  workingmen  who  were  near 
McCormick's  yesterday  shot  first.  [It  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the 
statement  of  Spies  that  he  held  this  to  be  the  information  whicli  he  had 
received  while  addressing  the  meeting].  It  is  a  bold  and  shameless  lie  of 
the  newspaper  gang.  The  police  shot  among  the  workingmen  without 
a  moment  of  warning,  and,  of  course,  the  latter  replied  to  the  fire.  [A  de- 
liberate misstatement  of  fact].  Why  be  so  ceremonious  with  the 
"Canaille?"  Had  they  been  not  men,  but  sheep  or  cattle,  they  must 
have  reflected  before  shooting.  But  a  workingman  is  quickly  replaced. 
Yet  these  well-fed  fellows  [the  police]  boast  of  their  costly  meals  in  the 
company  of  their  mistresses,  of  the  splendid  working  of  law  and  order. 

Shabbily-dressed  women  and  children  in  miserable  huts  weep  for 
husbands  and  fathers.  In  palaces  they  still  fill  goblets  with  costly  wine» 
and  pledge  the  health  of  the  bloody  banditti  of  Order.     Dry  your  tears, 


THE    FOUIITH    OF    MAY,    '80,  285' 

ye  poor  and  suffering!     Take  heart,  ye  slaves!    Rise  in  your  might  and 
level  the  existing  robber  rule  iu  the  dust. 

In  the  same  issue  of  the  same  paper,  and  evidently  from 
the  same  liarmless  pen  and  innocent  brain,  appeared  the  fol- 
lowing : 

The  heroes  of  the  club  yesterday  pounded  brutally  with  their  cud- 
gels a  number  of  girls,  many  of  whom  were  mere  children.  Whose  blood 
does  not  course  more  swiftly  through  his  veins  when  he  hears  of  this  out- 
rage?    Whoever  is  a  man  must  shoio  it  to-day.     Men  to  the  front! 

And  then  from  the  nest  in  which  the  above  was  hatched, 
came  the  following,  a  little  later  in  the  day,  printed  in 
English  and  German : 

ATTENTION,     WOKKINGMEn! 

Great  mass  meeting  to-night,  at  7:30  o'clock,  at  the  Haymarket,  Ran- 
dolph street,  between  Desplaines  and  Halsted.  Good  speakers  will  be 
present  to  denounce  the  latest  atrocious  acts  of  the  police- -the  shooting 
of  our  fellow-workmen  yesterday. 

The  Executive  Committee. 

In  the  meantime  a  cowardly  and  dastardly  mob  was  com- 
mitting outrages  in  the  southwestern  portion  of  the  city. 
All  through  the  night  Captain  0"Donnell  had  a  detail  of  75 
men  engaged  in  patrolling  the  district  adjacent  to  the  Black 
Road,  and  this  force  was  relieved  by  another  of  the  same 
strength  early  in  the  morning  of  the  4tli,  although  at  the 
time  the  rioters  appeared  to  have  abandoned  their  intention 
of  continuing  the  struggle,  and  Superintendent  Ebersold  had 
distributed  about  a  score  of  detectives  around  the  haunts  of 
the  desperate  classes  in  the  vicinity  of  Eighteenth  street 
and  Center  avenue.  The  McCormick  works  were  opened  at 
7  a.  m.,  and  the  hospitable  gates  of  the  factory  received  and 
closed  upon  about  650  of  the  men  whose  lives  were  attempted 
the  day  before.  The  proprietor  of  the  establishment  ex- 
pressed the  determination  to  protect  these  men  at  any  cost, 
and  from  the  first  he  exhibited  the  most  courageous  devotion 
to  the  position  he  had  assumed  in  relation  to  the  anarchistic 
socialists. 

At  one  of  the  corners  of  Eisfhteenth  street   and  Center 


28G  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

avenue  was  the  drug  store  of  Samuel  Rosenfeld.  By  9 
o'clock  in  the  moruiug  a  mob  of  about  3,000  persons  had 
assembled  around  the  corner.  It  became  apparent  that  the 
owner  of  the  store  was  the  object  against  whom  the  mob  had 
an  account  which  he  would  soon  be  called  upon  to  settle. 
The  rioters  gathered  more  closely  around  the  doorway. 
Then  some  of  them  entered  the  little  shop.  In  a  moment 
the  noise  of  breaking  glassware  was  heard,  and  then  voices 
in  the  crowd  outside  were  heard  to  yell — "Tear  down  the 
place!"  " Kill  Eosenf eld !  He's  a  police  spy!"  It  appears 
that  Rosenfeld' s  telephone  had  been  used  by  some  of  the 
police  in  sending  messages  to  headquarters.  This  fact  be- 
came known  to  the  ignorant  people  in  the  vicinity,  and  Ros- 
enfeld was  branded  as  a  spy.  At  the  first  outbreak  the 
druggist  took  his  family  into  the  upper  story  of  the  build- 
ing. Some  thoughtful  person  telephoned  the  Hinman  street 
station  regarding  the  peril  in  which  Rosenfeld  and  his  fam- 
ily stood,  and  this  was  quickly  responded  to  by  the  arrival 
of  a  patrol  wagon  full  of  officers,  who  rescued  the  Rosenfelds 
and  convej^ed  them  to  the  station  for  safety.  A  small  guard 
was  left  behind,  but  the  mob  continued  to  grow,  and  it  be- 
came necessary  for  Captain  O'Donnell  and  Lieutenant  Bar- 
cell,  with  a  force  of  fifty  men,  to  disperse  the  howling  crowd. 
It  was  thought  that  this  dispersion  would  quiet  matters, 
but  no  sooner  had  the  police  abandoned  the  spot  than  the 
crowd  again  collected.  It  was  estimated  that  the  mob  num- 
bered 10,000  when  the  real  trouble  finally  began.  There 
was  a  heap  of  chipped  and  broken  brick  close  by,  and  this 
was  the  principal  ammunition  made  use  of  by  the  mob. 
The  attack  was  opened  by  somebody  who  threw  a  piece  of 
brick  through  one  of  the  windows.  This  was  followed  by  a 
perfect  shower.  In  a  few  seconds  there  was  not  a  piece  of 
glass  the  size  of  a  silver  dollar  clinging  to  the  sashes,  up 
stairs  or  down,  in  the  front  of  the  building.  A  few  moments 
more  and  the  sashes  were  gone.  Then  the  bottles  and  jars 
on  the  shelves  were  smashed,  and  volley  followed  volley  into 


CHARLES  M.  DAY, 
Lieut.   Comdg.   Stattton  Ave.  Disttict. 


THE    FOURTH    OF    MAY,    '86.  287 

the  store  uutil  it  occurred  to  the  crowd  that  there  were  some 
articles  inside  which  might  be  captured  whole  with  some  de- 
gree of  satisfaction.  The  jars  labelled  "Spiritus  Fermenti" 
were  carried  out  in  safety,  and  several  other  jars  containing 
other  poisons,  as  a  few  mysterious  deaths  in  the  neighbor- 
hood shortly  afterward  went  to  prove.  The  drug  store  was 
then  completely  wrecked.  Everything  within  was  destroyed, 
including  even  the  counters  and  shelving,  and  the  unfortu- 
nate owner,  whose  only  offense  was  that  of  accommodating 
the  officers  of  the  law,  was  left  penniless. 

Rosenfeld's  place  offering  no  further  attraction,  the  next 
point  of  attack  was  Weiskoj)f's  saloon.  It  was  situated 
under  the  hall  where  the  anarchists  held  their  meetings. 
Weiskopf  was  accused  of  giving  information  to  the  police. 
The  mob  was  worked  up  to  a  frenzied  pitch  when  the  attack 
was  made  here.  Barrels  of  liquor  were  rolled  out,  the  heads 
broken  in  and  the  contents  either  emptied  into  the  gutter  or 
gulped  down  by  the  mob.  Bottles  of  whisky,  wine  and  beer 
were  rapidly  consumed,  and  then  the  work  of  demolishing 
the  fixtures  began.  Not  a  table  or  chair  was  left  unbroken, 
the  ice  box  and  bar  counter  being  split  as  fine  as  kindling 
wood.  Lieutenant  Shepherd,  with  a  large  force  of  men,  were 
quickly  summoned,  and  the  mob  ran  like  frightened  curs  be- 
fore them,  skulking  into  cellars,  back-yards  and  alleyways. 
After  driving  them  from  the  streets  the  police  once  more 
retired. 

The  striking  and  riotous  lumber-shovers,  who,  with  the 
old  McCormick  hands,  were  responsible  for  the  lawlessness 
of  the  previous  day,  had  held  a  meeting  in  the  morning,  and 
threats  of  burning  the  lumber  yards  and  wrecking  the  Lum- 
bermen's Exchange  were  heard.  But  they  merely  lounged 
about  on  the  sidewalks  on  Eighteenth  street,  between  Brown 
street  and  Center  avenue,  discussing  the  situation  in  a  lazy, 
surly  manner.  Toward  noon  their  number  had  augmented 
to  such  an  extent  that  a  force  of  police  officers  was  sent  to 
watch  them.     The  appearance  of  the  blue-coats  was  hailed 


288  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

with  derisive  shouts,  says  a  report  of  the  disturbance,  and 
noisy  demonstrations  on  every  hand,  bat  tlie  mob  kept  at  a 
respectable  distance  from  the  object  of  its  hatred,  until  some 
half-dozen  drunken  fellows  tried  to  force  an  entrance  to  the 
paint  works  of  Gary,  Ogden  &  Parker,  on  Eighteenth,  near 
Brown  street.  There  were  half  a  dozen  special  officers  on 
guard  in  front  of  the  works.  The  fight  was  brief,  but  it 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  crowds  on  the  street,  and  in  a 
short  space  of  time  hundreds  of  men  were  running  toward 
the  paint  works.  The  specials  fought  gallantly  against  the 
odds,  but  they  were  forced  back  by  the  superior  numbers  of 
the  strikers,  and  were  finally  compelled  to  take  refuge  in  the 
building.  One  of  them  tripped  and  fell  as  he  was  stepping 
on  the  threshold  of  the  works,  and  as  the  mob  was  close 
upon  him,  he  drew  his  revolver  to  make  a  fight  for  life. 
He  fired  several  shots  point  blank  at  the  crowd  and  was  fired 
at  in  return,  but  he  escaped  unharmed  into  the  office.  The 
firing  attracted  the  attention  of  the  police,  who  arrived  on 
the  spot  with  all  possible  haste. 

On  the  Black  Road  the  forenoon  was  gone  and  only  here 
and  there  a  few  straggling  groups  had  gathered  around 
the  McCormick  wcrks.  It  was  drizzling,  and  the  prospect 
for  an  unpleasant  afternoon  was  good.  This,  and  the  ap- 
parent tranquillity  of  the  district,  led  the  police  to  think  that 
hostilities  would  not  be  renewed,  and  information  to  the 
effect  that  the  presence  of  such  a  large  force  on  the  scene 
was  unnecessary,  was  about  to  be  sent  in  to  headquarters, 
when  a  yelping  cur,  to  the  tail  of  which  a  tin  can  had  been 
tied  by  some  mischievous  youngster,  came  upon  the  scene 
and  changed  the  entire  current  of  the  day's  events.  The 
dog  yelped  as  only  a  dog  can  when  in  trouble  of  this  pecu- 
liar nature,  and  soon  the  saloons  and  houses  along  the  route 
of  the  distracted  canine  began  to  empty  themselves  of  hu- 
manity. The  yelping  of  the  cur  was  hideous  enough  to  have 
aroused  any  neighborhood,  no  matter  how  sN^lidly  indiffer- 
ent to  vulirar  exhibitions  of  this  character  it  might  geuer- 


THE    FOUKTH    OF    MAY,    '"JO.  289 

ally  be,  but  it  served  not  ouly  to  arouse  but  to  iufiaine  the 
inhabitants  of  the  district  which  lies  around  the  intersection 
of  Eighteenth  street  and  Center  avenue.  If  the  yelping 
cur  had  been  dispatched  as  a  messenger,  or  touched  off  as  a 
signal,  the  response  could  not  have  been  more  general.  As 
if  they  had  sprung  from  the  ground,  thousands  of  men  were, 
within  a  few  minutes,  in  view,  and,  acting  as  if  by  one  accord, 
they  turned  their  steps  toward  the  intersection  referred  to. 
Here  they  Avere  met  by  the  scattering  mob  returning  from 
the  paint  works,  by  the  remnants  of  the  Rosenfeld  mob,  and 
by  other  mobs  coming  from  different  directions,  and  it  now 
became  evident  that  the  composition  of  the  immense  con- 
course was  of  too  inflammable  a  nature  to  be  overlooked.  In- 
telligence of  the  gathering  was  at  once  sent  to  headquarters, 
and  Superintendent  Ebersold  made  speedy  preparations  to 
grapple  with  the  anarchistic  mob  once  more.  By  a  mistake, 
or  rather  through  the  unauthorized  use  of  Superintendent 
Ebersold's  name,  a  company  of  the  first  regiment  was 
called  out  by  Col.  Knox  to  assist  in  the  suppression  of  the 
threatened  riot,  but  the  mayor  and  the  superintendent  as- 
sured that  officer  that  the  police  department  considered  itself 
fully  competent  to  deal  with  the  case  in  hand  quickly  and 
satisfactorily.  It  was  rumored  down  town  that  7,000  rioters 
were  marching  upon  McCormick's  reaper  works,  and  for  a 
time  it  was  feared  that  the  events  of  1877  were  about  to  be 
repeated.  But  the  rioters  of  1877  had  a  different  'police  or- 
ganization to  deal  with. 

The  mob  had  become  almost  unmanageable  before  3 
o'clock,  and  the  wildest  advice  given  the  crowd  by  the  most 
desperate  of  the  ruffians,  who  now  and  then  rose  above  the 
surface  and  made  a  short  speech,  was  received  with  cheers. 
A  meeting  was  organized  at  the  corner  of  Eighteenth  street, 
while  a  drizzliug  rain  was  still  falling.  Here  they  were  ad- 
dressed by  some  of  their  own  number,  who  openly  advised 
warfare  upon  the  McCormick  factory,  and  the  police  in  par- 
ticular, and  upon  the  law-abiding  people  of  Chicago — known 

24 


290  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

as  the  privileged  classes — in  general.  While  the  speaking 
was  still  in  progress,  Detective  Mike  Granger,  of  the  Cen- 
tral station,  saw  the  handle  of  a  pistol  protruding  from  the 
pocket  of  one  of  the  men,  and  stepped  up  to  arrest  him. 
This  move  was  the  signal  for  an  anarchistic  revolt,  aDd  the 
tletective  and  five  officers  with  him  immediately  found  them- 
selves surrounded  by  a  howling,  bloodthirsty  mob.  But 
the  policemen  lost  no  time.  Forming  into  line,  they  charged 
upon  the  mob,  and  were  "met  by  a  volley  of  stones,  bricks 
and  bullets."  Detective  Granger  fell  senseless  under  a 
blow  from  a  heavy  missile,  and  Officer  John  Small,  of  the 
Hinman  street  station,  received  a  pistol  ball  in  the  hand. 
The  mob  closed  in  on  the  four  remaining  men,  and  a  mas- 
sacre would  have  quickly  resulted  had  not  a  reinforcement 
of  ten  men,  from  the  Twelfth  street  station,  made  its  appear- 
ance just  in  the  nick  of  time.  In  a  few  minutes  eight  of 
the  ringleaders  in  this  outbreak  were  under  arrest,  and  the 
mob  was  sooji  scattered. 

Large  reinforcements,  however,  continued  to  arrive,  and 
the  force  of  the  Hinman  street  station  was  kept  upon  con- 
stant duty  during  the  remainder  of  the  day,  traveling  from 
point  to  point,  suppressing  disorders  here  or  scattering 
mobs  there,  until  they  were  jaded  and  well  nigh  exhausted 
at  sunset,  when  relieved  by  the  night  men.  The  MeCor- 
mick  employes  were  all  to  leave  the  works  without  a  police 
escort,  and  the  only  set-back  that  peace  and  order  appeared 
to  receive  was  a  fresh  outbreak  in  the  vicinity  of  Eighteenth 
street  and  Center  avenue.  This  was  at  7  o'clock  in  the 
evening.  A  meeting  of  lumber-shovers  was  being  held  in 
the  hall  referred  to  already.  The  crowd  was  so  noisy  that 
the  patrol  wagons  of  the  Twelfth  street,  Thirteenth  street 
and  Hinman  street  stations  were  called.  During  the  assault 
made  upon  the  mob,  with  the  object  of  scattering  it,  one  of 
the  men.  Officer  James  Bulman,  of  the  Twelfth  street  sta- 
tion, received  a  terrific  blow  from  a  brick  on  the  back  of 
the  liead. 


THE    FOURTH    OF    MAY,    '86.  291 

John  Vogtik,  one  of  the  wounded  McCormick  rioters, 
died  during  the  day,  and  this  served  to  keep  alive  the  l)ad 
feeling  in  the  vicinity  of  his  house,  422  West  Seventeenth 
street,  but  it  was  generally  supposed  that  the  worst  was  over, 
and  the  morning  newspapers  had  wound  up  their  reports  of 
the  day's  proceedings  with  congratulatory  paragraphs  over 
the  apparent  final  and  satisfactory  ending  of  the  disturb- 
ances, when  returns  began  to  come  in  from  the  meeting  at 
the  Haymarket. 

And  for  a  long  time  there  was  nothing  about  these  re- 
turns to  excite  the  slightest  interest,  even  among  profes- 
sional news  collectors.  True,  a  great  deal  of  importance  had 
been  attached  to  the  circular  calling  the  gathering,  early  in 
the  day,  and  certain  it  was  that  grave  fears  were  felt  in  offi- 
cial and  unofficial  quarters  regarding  the  outcome  of  an 
assembly  called  specifically  for  the  purpose  of  exciting  the 
passions  of  an  ignorant  and  desperate  class  of  men,  and  of 
inciting  them,  perhaps,  to  acts  of  brutal  violence.  The  po- 
lice were  to  be  shown  up  in  their  true  colors,  as  the  paid 
tools  of  the  capitalists ;  they  were  to  be  branded  as  the  cold- 
blooded, cowardly  *murderers  of  the  poor,  and  the  mob  which 
should  gather  in  the  Haymarket  would  be  asked  to  wreak 
vengeance  upon  the  lawful  authorities  who  dared  to  enforce 
order  at  the  muzzle  of  the  revolver,  as  had  been  done  at 
McCormick' s. 

There  was  a  general  feeling  of  insecurity  and  uneasi- 
ness around  police  headquarters  all  through  the  afternoon 
and  evening.  The  Kevenge  Circular  had  been  handed  in, 
Schwab's  bitter,  treasonable  and  atrocious  editorial  had  been 
translated  for  or  read  in  the  original  by  the  commanding 
officers.  Coming  on  top  of  these,  the  call  for  the  Hay- 
market meeting  looked  very  much  like  a  part  of  a  concerted 
scheme  to  carry  out  some  design  of  the  anarchist  leaders, 
but  what  that  scheme  was  nobody  could  even  imagine ;  cer- 
tainly nobody  would  venture  to  outline. 

Superintendent  Ebersold  did  not  l^elieve  the  worst  was 


292  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

over.  A  dozen  times  through  the  day  he  might  have  been 
seen  hastily  going  to  or  coming  from  the  office  of  the  mayor, 
and  nearly  every  time  he  carried  a  printed  circular  in  his 
hand.  He  said  little  to  anybody  except  the  mayor  and  the 
staff  officers.  It  was  known  that  he  had  made  repeated  and 
futile  attempts  to  convince  Mr.  Harrison  that  the  proposed 
meeting  should  be  prevented.  If  the  mob  was  allowed 
to  assemble,  it  might  be  a  difficult  and  a  dangerous  proceed- 
ing to  attempt  to  disperse  it.  Better  take  action  in  time 
and  allow  no  gathering.  The  mayor  Avas  not  certain  but 
that  the  "people,"  as  he  called  these  pronounced  enemies  of 
society,  government,  law  and  order,  had  a  right  to  assemble 
and  discuss  their  "grievances"  peaceably.  He  did  not  feel 
that  he  could  molest  them  as  long  as  they  conducted  them- 
selves within  the  law,  forgetting  that  the  very  call  and  adver- 
tised design  of  the  gathering  was  to  defy,  denounce,  ridicule 
and  violate  it.  Arguments  were  of  no  avail,  and  the  best  the 
department  was  enabled  to  obtain  from  the  mayor  was  an  order 
that  it  "keep  watch  of  the  meeting,  and  if  any  of  the 
speakers  should  advise  their  hearers  to  acts  of  violence,"  it 
would  be  the  duty  of  the  police,  as  conser\'^tors  of  the  peace, 
to  go  to  the  place  of  meeting  in  sufficient  force,  and  order 
them  to  peaceably  disperse,  the  order  to  be  as  directed  by 
law,  viz. :  Section  '253,  Chapter  8S,  Revised  Statutes  of  Illi- 
nois. This  was  all  right  as  far  as  it  went,  but  Superintend- 
ent Ebersold  felt  that  he  had  to  deal  with  people  who  had 
no  respect  whatever  for  the  statutes  of  the  state  of  Illinois 
or  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  he  proceeded  to  make 
arrangements  which  he  deemed  imperative,  but  was  com- 
pelled to  do  so  quietly,  almost  secretly,  lest  a  veto  might  be 
put  upon  his  actions  by  his  superior  officer. 

There  was  another  man  at  headquarters  who  di'eaded  the 
results  of  this  gathering  even  more  than  the  superintend- 
ent, although  he,  too,  had  but  little  to  say  concerning  it,  ex- 
cept to  advise  emphatically  and  unceasingly,  in  the  presence 
of  the  chief  and  the  mayor,  that  it  be  prevented  at  any  cost. 


THE    FOUUTll    OF    MAY.    "S^).  203 

He  felt  intuitively  that  something  terrible  would  happen  if 
the  anarchists  were  permitted  to  assemble  in  response  to  the 
inflammatory  call  which  had  been  issued  from  the  Arhcitcr 
ZcituiKj  office.  For  some  time  the  idea  that  a  conspiracy 
was  in  existence,  the  object  of  which  was  to  wreak  vengeance 
on  the  police  because  of  their  activity  in  sup[)ressing  dis- 
orders, and  to  create  a  condition  of  affairs  from  which  a 
social  revolution  would  spring  into  life,  had  imbedded  itself 
firmly  in  his  mind.  He  had  given  the  various  proceedings 
of  the  anarchistic  socialists,  from  the  beginning  of  the  eight- 
hour  agitation,  the  closest  study ;  had  weighed  the  appar- 
ently bombastic  remarks  of  the  leaders;  had  sifted  the  dark 
and  mysterious  hints  thrown  out  by  Spies,  Parsons,  Fielden 
and  Schwab  here  and  there;  had  remembered  the  state- 
ments made  by  inmates  of  the  Arbeifrr  Zcitiuig  office,  that 
the  Internationale  was  prepared  for  revolution ;  had  watched 
carefully  the  meetings  of  the  "armed  groups,"  and  had 
formed  a  very  intelligent  notion  of  the  aims  as  well  as  the 
strength  of  the  anarchistic  organization.  This  man  was 
John  Bonfield,  inspector  of  police,  and  with  the  reserve 
which  is  one  of  his  characteristics,  he  kept  his  information 
and  his  views  away  fi'om  the  public,  deeming  it  necessary 
only  to  discuss  the  situation  with  the  chief  and  some  of  his 
associate  officers.  That  Superintendent  Ebersold  fully  real- 
ized the  importance  of  Inspector  Bonfield' s  conclusion  there 
is  little  doubt,  but  the  gravity  with  which  he  looked  upon 
the  condition  of  affairs  was  not  generally  shared  among  the 
staff  officers.  Some  of  the  captains  doubted  that  an  organ- 
ized conspiracy  existed,  others  that,  even  though  it  did  ex- 
ist, the  miscreants  at  the  head  of  it  would  dare  to  put  their 
plans  into  execution,  and  others  felt  that  nothing  which 
the  anarchists  might  do,  even  though  they  did  their  worst, 
would  assume  a  degree  of  importance  which  would  warrant 
any  great  alarm.  Capt.  Shaack  had  already  succeeded  in 
unearthing  some  important  and  startling  information  regard- 
ing the  anarchistic  plot,  and  he  was  engaged  conscientiously 


294  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

in  following  up  the  clews  which  he  had  received,  but  it  is 
doubtful  if  even  he,  on  the  afternoon  of  the  -4th  of  May, 
felt  that  any  immediate  danger  need  be  feared. 

However,  the  superintendent  and  inspector,  acting  in 
harmony  of  opinion,  made  the  necessary  preparations  to 
meet  the  trouble,  if  it  should  come.  Capt.  Ward,  of  the 
third  precinct  (near  whose  headquarters  the  meeting  was  an- 
nounced to  take  place),  was  ordered  to  call  all  his  available 
men  to  Desplaines  street  station.  His  command  consisted  of 
one  hundred  men,  under  Lieutenants  Bowler,  Stanton,  Pen- 
zen  and  Beard.  In  addition  to  these,  there  were  present  at 
the  Desplaines  street  station,  early  in  the  evening,  twenty- 
six  men,  commanded  by  Lieutenant  (now  captain)  G.  W. 
Hubbard  and  Sergeant  (now  lieutenant)  John  E.  Fitzpat- 
rick.  When  Inspector  Bonfield  arrived  at  the  station,  the 
entire  force  present  consisted  of  one  captain,  seven  lieuten- 
ants, and  one  hundred  and  seventy-six  men. 

The  force  under  Lieutenant  Hubbard  and  Sergeant  Fitz 
patrick  consisted  of  Patrolmen  Cornelius  W.  Crowley,  John 
P.  Nelson,  Patrick  Lavihan,  Jacob  Ebinger,  Solomon  S. 
Steele,  James  Kerwin,  J.  O.  D.  Storen,  William  Lyonnais, 
Hiram  A.  Earl,  John  J.  Kelley,  James  Mitchell,  Lewis 
Golden,  John  W.  Collins,  James  H.  Wilson,  Peter  McHugh, 
Luke  Colleran,  Fred.  A.  Andrews,  Michael  O'Brien,  John 
A.  Weber,  John  F.  Gibbons,  James  Cahill,  John  Riordon, 
John  C.  Morris,  John  Morweiser,  Florence  Donohue,  and 
Daniel  Hogan — ^all  select  men,  the  flower  of  the  Central 
detail,  pronounced  by  Mr.  Paul  Hull,  who  saw  them  march 
upon  the  meeting,  ''a  company  of  giants." 

Lieutenant  Bowler's  company  consisted  of  Sergeant 
Richard  J., Moore,  Patrolmen  George  Miller,  John  J.  Bar- 
rett, Michael  Sheehan,  John  Reid,  Lawrence  J.  Murphy, 
John  E.  Doyle,  Arthur  Conolly,  Nicholas  J.  Shannon,  Adam 
S.  Barber,  James  Conway,  Thomas  McEnery,  Patrick  Hart- 
ford, Louis  Johnson,  Frank  P.  Tyrell,  C.  Keller,  James 
Brady,  John  H.  King,  Peter  Foley,  John  Wesler,  Thomas 


THE    FOURTH    OF    MAY,    '80.  295 

Meaney,  Robert  J.  Walsh,  Hugo  Aspiug,  Edward  Griffin, 
and  William  L.  Sanderson — a  company  that,  within  a  few 
short  ht)urs,  was  destined  to  undergo  a  bloody  ordeal. 

Lieutenant  Stanton's  company  consisted  of  Patrolmen 
Charles  H.  CofPey,  Alexander  Jameson,  Timothy  O' Sullivan, 
Thomas  Halley,  Jacob  Hansen,  Michael  Horan,  Peter  But- 
terly,  William  Kelly,  Joseph  Norman,  Thomas  Hennessy, 
AVilliam  Burns,  Charles  H.  Fink,  Matthias  J.  Degan,  Ber- 
nard J.  Murphy,  Thomas  Brophy,  Charles  J.  Whitney,  and 
Thomas  Redden — another  company  that  suffered  dreadfully. 

In  Lieutenant  Beard's  company  were.  Sergeant  John 
Post,  and  Patrolmen  P.  McMahon,  Michael  Keeley,  George 
Kenan,  Jacob  J.  Barcal,  Richard  Ellsworth,  William  L 
Niff,  Dennis  T.  Turney,  Peter  Cunningham,  Joseph  J. 
Fallon,  Dennis  Dunne,  Daniel  Pembroke,  Michael  Connelly, 
John  Brown,  Hugh  McNeil,  Nicholas  H.  Stahl,  Patrick 
Prior,  Charles  E.  Allen,  Daniel  Cramer,  Martin  Cullen, 
Frank  Murphy,  Timothy  Daly,  Peter  J.  Burns,  and  John 
Hartnett,  Jr. 

In  Lieutenant  Penzen's  company  were,  Sergeant  Edmund 
Roche,  and  Patrolmen  P.  H.  Keefe,  Andrew  O'Day,  Michael 
O'Dounell,  John  D.  Hartford,  Jeremiah  Grogan,  John  J. 
Daly,  Gustav  A.  Walters,  Patrick  Connors,  John  Plunkett, 
Thomas  Kindlan,  Matthew  Wilson,  Patrick  Nash,  Robert 
Bennett,  Matthew  Connolly,  Patrick  McLaughlin,  Edward 
Gasquoine,  Michael  Walsh,  Charles  C.  Fish,  EdAvin  J.  Cul- 
len, George  Lynch,  William  Sanderson,  Henry  F.  Smith, 
and  Daniel  Daley. 

Lieut.  Steele,  of  the  West  Chicago  avenue  station,  had 
under  his  command,  Patrolmen  C.  W.  Ganoio,  Henry  Wei- 
ueke,  Edward  Ruel,  Herman  Krueger,  Edward  Barrett, 
Charles  Dombrowski,  and  Patrick  McNulty. 

Orders  were  also  dispatched  providing  for  reserve  details 
aggregating  about  GOO  men,  to  be  held  at  Harrison  street. 
East  and  West  Chicago  avenue  and  Central  stations, 
equipped  for  active   service,  and  to  be  ready  at  a  moment  s 


29()  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

notice  for  any  emergency.  At  each  of  these  stations  the  pre- 
cinct wagons  were  held  in  readiness.  The  second  precinct 
Avas  not  called  upon  for  service,  for  the  reason  that  during 
the  two  preceding  days  Captain  O'Donueirs  men  had  been 
kept  in  constant  service,  and  tliere  was  still  danger  of  an 
uprising  in  the  vicinity  of  Eighteenth  street  and  Center 
avenue,  A  large  squad  of  detectives  in  plain  clothing  was 
ordered. to  mingle  with  the  crowd  Avlien  it  should  assemble  at 
the  Haymarket,  and  to  report  to  Inspector  Boniield,  who 
was  to  assume  personal  command  at  the  Desplaines  street 
station,  at  the  request  of  the  mayor  and  with  permission  of 
the  superintendent,  at  regular  and  frequent  intervals,  the 
state  of  feeling,  the  sentiments  expressed  by  the  speakers, 
and  the  probabilities  or  improbabilities  of  trouble,  as  the 
case  might  be. 

Inspector  Bonfield  was  specially  desirous  of  assuming 
command  of  the  force  collected  at  the  Desplaines  street  sta- 
tion, for  he  feared  serious  trouble,  and  he  had  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  the  terrible  possibilities  of  the  gathering  were 
neither  fully  understood  nor  appreciated  by  subordinate 
officers.  In  the  afternoon  he  said  to  the  superintendent, 
"Chief,  I  think  there  is  going  to  be  bad  work  at  the  Hay- 
market  this  evening ;  one  of  us,  you  or  I,  ought  to  be  pres- 
ent." The  superintendent  had  been  at  his  post  night  and 
day  since  the  preceding  Friday.  The  work  which  he  had 
performed  in  directing  the  force  at  McCormick's,  during  the 
riot  on  the  Black  Road,  was  terribly  wearing,  and  he  felt 
almost  exhausted.  "  I  will  remain  at  headquarters,"  he  said. 
"You  had  better  be  on  the  spot."  It  was  understood  that 
the  inspector  should  report  to  the  superintendent  frequently. 

The  meeting  was  announced  to  open  at  8  o'clock,  but, 
strange  to  say,  at  that  hour  none  of  the  socialistic  orators 
had  put  in  an  appearance,  althougli  it  had  ever  been  their 
custom  to  be  on  hand  promptly.  Spies  says  that  on  the 
morning  of  the  4th  he  was  informed  by  "A.  Fischer,  one  of 
our    compositors."  that  a  general  mass  meeting  would  be 


THE    FOURTH    OF    MAY,    "8<).  297 

held  at  the  Haymarket  that  evenin^,^  aucl  asked  him  (Spies) 
if  he  would  come  aud  make  a  speech  on  the  "brutality  of 
the  police  and  the  situation  of  the  eight-hour  strike."  To 
this  the  author  of  the  Revenge  Circular  replied  that  he 
hardly  felt  able  to  speak  (but  why,  he  fails  to  state,  as  on 
all  previous  occasions  he  felt  more  than  able),  but  that  if 
there  was  no  one  to  take  his  place  he  would  certainly  be 
present.  He  adds  that  "delegates  of  a  number  of  unions," 
Fischer  informeil  him,  "had  called  the  meeting."  ''About 
11  o'clock"  (a.  m. )  he  says,  "a  member  of  the  Carpenter's 
union  called  on  me,  and  asked  that  the  hand-bill  he  showed 
me  be  printed  in  the  Arheiter  Zeitung  as  an  announcement. 
It  was  the  circular  calling  the  Haymarket  meeting,  and  at 
the  bottom  it  contained  the  words — 'Workingmen,  bring 
your  arms  along.' 

"  '  This  is  ridiculous,'  said  I,  to  the  man,  and  had  Fischer 
called.  I  told  him  that  I  would  not  speak  at  the  meeting  if 
this  was  the  circular  by  which  it  had  been  called.  '  None  of 
the  circulars  are  as  yet  distributed ;  we  can  have  these  words 
taken  out,"  the  man  said.  Fischer  assented.  I  told  them 
that  if  they  did  that  it  would  be  all  right.  I  never  for  a 
moment  anticipated  that  the  police  would  wantonly  attack  an 
orderly  meeting  of  citizens,  aud  I  never  saw  a  disorderly 
meeting  of  workingmen.  The  only  disorderly  meetings  I 
have  ever  witnessed  were  the  republican  and  democratic 
pow-wows.  I  went  home  about  4  p.  m.,  to  take  a  little  rest 
before  going  to  the  meeting.  The  reaction  following  the 
excitement  of  the  previous  day  had  set  in.  I  was  very  tired 
and  ill-humored.  After  supper  my  brother  Henry  called  at 
our  house.  I  asked  him  to  come  along  to  the  meeting, 
which  he  did.  We  walked  slowly  down  Milwaukee  avenue. 
It  was  warm;  I  had  changed  my  clothes;  the  revolver  I  was 
in  the  habit  of  carrying  was  too  large  for  the  pocket  and  in- 
convenienced me.  Passing  Frank  Stauber's  hardware  store, 
I  left  it  with  him.  It  was  about  8:15  o'clock  when  we  ar- 
rived at  Lake  and    Desplaines    streets.     I    was    under  the 


298  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

impression  that  I  was  to  speak   in  German,  which  generally 
follows  the  English.     That  is  the  reason  why  I  was  late." 

That  he  was  late  is  certain,  as  Avere  Parsons  and 
Fielden  likewise.  It  is  clear  now  why  he  was  late,  and  why 
he  left  his  revolver  at  Stauber's  store.  Spies  knew  what  was 
going  to  happen  that  night  as  well  as  he  could  know  any- 
thing, and  he  had  been  feeling  nervous  and  "ill-humored" 
all  the  evening.  He  had  worked  the  plot,  with  his  brother 
anarchists,  up  to  the  boiling  pitch,  and  now  the  'reac- 
tion had  set  in,"  as  he  says  himself,  and  the  frightful  enor- 
mity of  the  crime  which  was  about  to  be  perpetrated  stared 
him  in  the  face  and  made  him  tremble.  "When  arrested, 
as  I  certainly  will  be,"  thought  he,  "if  all  our  plans  do  not 
succeed,  that  is,  if  we  are  not  masters  of  Chicago  before 
morning,  it  is  best  that  I  shall  not  have  a  revolver  in  my 
possession.  There  is  nothing  like  being  on  the  safe  side." 
Where,  has  been  asked,  were  Parsons  and  Fielden  ?  Why 
were  they  late,  too?  Was  there  a  consultation  going  on 
somewhere?  Why  did  the  crowd  of  ten  or  fifteen  hundred 
men  hang  around  the  Haymarket  so  patiently,  awaiting  the 
coming  of  Eobespierre,  Danton  and  Marat?  The  fact  that 
they  were  late  did  not,  as  is  usually  the  case,  create  impa- 
tience among  the  assemblage,  and  nobody  undertook  to 
interest  the  mob  of  sullen,  low-browed  ruffians  who  moved 
around  carelessly,  saying  little  or  nothing,  but  now  and  then 
swarming  into  little  groups,  only  to  speedily  break  up  again 
and  continue  their  aimless  wandering  to  and  fro !  The  crowd 
began  to  grow  larger  toward  half-past  eight,  but  the  new 
arrivals  were  mostly  honest  workingmen,  drawn  thither,  per- 
haps, more  through  curiosity  than  because  they  had  any 
sympathy  with  the  meeting  or  the  people  under  whose  au- 
spices it  was  to  be  held.  "Small  and  large  groups  of  men 
were  standing  around"  when  Spies  arrived,  "but  there  was 
no  meeting.  Not  seeing  anyone  who  might  be  entrusted 
with  the  management  of  the  meeting,  I  jumped  upon  a 
wagon,  enquired  for  Mr.  Parsons  (who  I  thought  had  been 


THE    FOURTH    OF    MxVY,    '86.  291) 

invited),  and  called  the  meeting  to  order.  Parsons  was  not 
there."  No,  Parsons  was  not  there.  Tlie  gifted  socialistic 
orator  was  still  conspicuously  absent.  It  had  also  occurred 
to  him,  most  likely,  that  there  would  be  some  little  trouble  at 
this  meeting,  and  he  was  in  no  hurry  to  reach  it,  hoping,  per- 
haps, that  the  trouble  would  have  occurred  before  he  arrived. 
The  itlea  of  leaving  his  revolver,  if  he  carried  one,  at  the 
store  of  some  brother  socialist,  had  not  dawned  on  him  as  a 
means  of  throwing  off  suspicion  when  difficulties  should 
occur,  but  a  happier  idea  than  that  was  conceived  in  his  fer- 
tile brain.  "I  will  bring  my  wife  and  children  to  the  meet- 
ing," he  thought.  "  They  need  not  be  close  enough  to  the 
spot  where  our  friends  are  located  to  be  in  danger,  but  they 
will  be  at  the  meeting,  and  who  will  have  the  heart  to  say  that 
I  brought  them  there,  knowing  that  a  bomb  was  to  be  thrown 
in  case  the  police  interfered.  Ah!  that's  a  happy  thought." 
Spies  grew  more  nervous  as  Parsons  and  Fielden  failed  to 
put  in  an  appearance,  and  jumped  from  the  wagon  with  the 
intention  of  hunting  them  up.  Then  he  learned  for  the  first 
time,  he  says,  that  Paisons,  Fielden  and  others  were  hold- 
ing a  meeting  at  the  Arheiter  Zeitung  office.  A  messenger 
was  at  once  dispatched  for  the  missing  agitators. 

It  was  almost  nine  o'clock  when  a  strange  movement  of 
the  crowd  took  place.  As  if  by  common  consent  the  two 
thousand  persons  present  moved  off  the  Haymarket  square 
to  a  point  about  half  a  block  north  on  Desplaines  street. 
Why  the  change  was  made  nobody  seemed  to  understand. 
All  such  meetings  had  heretofore  been  held  on  the  Hay- 
market.  This  was  the  first  time  that  Desplaines  street  was 
selected  in  preference.  The  section  of  Randolph  street,  pop- 
ularly known  as  the  Haymarket,  begins  at  Desj)laines  street 
and  runs  west  to  Halsted.  It  is  one  hundred  feet  wide  from 
curb  to  curb,  or  about  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  between 
house  fronts.  On  this  square,  in  former  times,  stood  the  old 
West  Market  hall,  frequently  mentioned  in  this  volume,  and 
to  the  west  of  the  building  was  the  haymarket  of  the  West 


300 


THE    CHICAGO     POLICK 


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EXPLANATION  OF  DIAGRAM, 
A — ^The  Wagon. 

***— Inspector  Bonfield,  Captain  Ward,  Lieutenant  Steele. 
B  B  B  B  B  B. — Six  companies  of  policemen. 


THE    FOURTH    OF    MAY,    '80.  HOI 

Division  of  the  cit)^.  Hence  the  name.  Because  of  the  ex- 
treme width  of  the  street  at  this  point,  the  location  had  always 
been  a  popular  one  for  large  gatherings.  Desplaines  street, 
on  the  contrary,  is  only  eighty  feet  wide.  The  crowd  could 
stand  in  front  of  the  speaker  on  the  Hay  market  and  catcli 
every  word  that  was  uttered.  On  Desplaines  street  it  Avould 
have  to  spread  out  to  the  right  and  left,  and  the  high  buikl- 
iugs  on  either  side  would  produce  a  disagreeable  echo.  But 
those  who  did  not  understand  why  the  change  was  made 
could  not  be  expected  to  diagnose  the  situation  as  clearly  as 
this,  on  the  spur  of  the  moment,  so  all  followed,  and  in  a 
short  time  the  Haymarket  was  deserted.  Here,  if  anyone 
outside  of  the  conspiracy  had  been  suspicious,  another 
strange  thing  might  have  attracted  attention.  A  large  truck 
wagon  was  already  in  position  to  receive  the  speakers,  as 
though  the  arrangement  had  been  made  some  time  before  the 
crowd  began  to  move.  Strange  that  the  wagon  should  be  in 
that  spot,  and  stranger  still,  that  those  in  the  crowd,  who 
were  .interested  in  the  night's  proceedings,  should  have 
known  of  it! 

The  average  reader  will  perhaps  be  amazed  when  informed 
that  no  meeting  was  convened,  no  bomb  exploded,  and  no 
massacre  occurred  at  the  Haymarket  on  the  night  of  May  4, 
1886.  The  "Haymarket  massacre"  is  a  misnomer,  but  by 
that  name,  and  none  other,  will  it  go  down  into  history,  for 
common  usage  has  fastened  this  title  upon  the  terrible  event 
of  that  awful  night,  and  it  is  now  too  late  to  change  it. 
The  anarchist  meeting  was  held,  the  bomb  was  exploded, 
and  the  massacre  occurred  on  Desplaines  street.  It  was 
intended  by  the  fiendish  conspirators  who  planned  the  meet- 
ing, that  it  should  be  held  on  Desplaines  street  and  not  on 
the  Haymarket,  and  for  the  following  very  good  reasons : 

The  Haymarket  is  a  quadrilateral  square,  from  any 
corner  of  which  the  entire  length  and  breadth  of  the  space 
between  Desplaines  and  Halsted  streets  might  be  swept  by 
a  volley  from  the  police,  or,  in  case  of  such  a  revolutionary 


302  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

condition  of  affairs  as  the  anarchists  exjjected  to  inaugurate 
tliat  evening,  by  grape  and  canister,  should  the  military  be 
called  out.  From  this  quadrilateral,  wlien  the  bombs  were 
exploded,  as  a  number  of  them  were  to  be  thrown  during 
the  evening,  there  were  no  means  of  egress  save  through 
Desplaines  street,  Avhich  in  all  likelihood  would  be  cut  off  by 
the  police,  through  Halsted  street,  where  Bonfield  would 
certainly  mass  a  large  body  of  men,  or  through  Union 
street,  the  only  passage  from  the  center  of  the  Haymarket. 
Calculating  that  if  the  police  entered  the  Haymarket,  for  the 
purpose  of  dispersing  a  meeting  assembled  there,  they 
would  probably  march  through  the  center  of  the  square,  it 
would  be  almost  impossible  for  the  bomb-throwers  to  do 
their  fiendish  work  without  being  detected  by  law-abiding 
people  in  the  crowd,  while  the  width  of  the  street  at  this 
point  would  give  the  police  ample  room  for  work,  and  under 
ordinary  circumstances  they  could  sweep  it  clean  with  their 
revolvers,  the  anarchists  going  down  before  them  as  well  as 
the  innocent  and  the  ignorant  in  the  crowd.  All  things 
considered,  the  Haymarket  was  not  the  place  for  the  meet- 
ing. It  developed  in  the  trial  of  the  anarchists  that  August 
Spies  was  the  man  who  selected  the  Desplaines  street  wagon. 
His  counsel  in  their  brief  and  argument  before  the  Su- 
preme Court  say: 

It  is  proved  alike  by  the  witnesses  of  the  state  and  for  the  defense 
that  no  move  was  made  toward  the  calling,'  to  order  of  the  meeting  itself 
imtil  August  Spies,  looking  round  for  a  suitable  rostrum  from  which  to 
address  the  crowd,  selected  the  truck  wagon  which  he  found  standing 
close  to  the  edge  of  the  sidewalk  in  Desplaines  street,  and  directly  in 
front  of  the  steps  leading  up  to  the  door  entering  into  the  Crane  Broth- 
ers' manufacturing  establishment.  The  wagon  stpod  with  the  rear  to  the 
south,  the  tongue  to  the  north,  and  the  end  of  the  wagon  was  some  six 
or  eight  feet,  or  more,  north  of  the  north  line  of  Crane  Brothers'  alley. 
[See  diagram].  This  is  a  short  alley,  as  shown  by  the  i)lat,  which  enters 
the  block  from  Desplaines  street  toward  the  east,  upon  the  soxith  line  of 
Cr;me  Brothers'  building,  and  extends  about  half-way  throiigh  the  block, 
then  makes  a  junction  with  another  short  alley  extending  out  from  the 
point  of  junction  southward  to  Randolph  street.    This  alley  is  a  perfect 


THE    FOUUTII    OF    MAY,    '86.  303 

cnlde  aac  as  it  then  existed,  ami  all  ej^ress  from  it  could  be  stopped  by 
a  handful  of  men  at  the  Kaudolph  street  exit. 

Tbis  presentation  of  the  case  is  plausible  enough  from 
the  standpoint  of  the  defendants.  But  let  us  see  what  Mr. 
Hull  says  in  relation  to  this  branch  of  the  subject: 

As  remarked  a  moment  ago,  there  was  significance  in  the  selection  of 
this  spot  by  the  speakers,  from  whence  to  address  the  crowd.  The  build- 
ing on  the  northeast  corner  of  Desplaines  and  Randolph  streets  is  sev- 
enty feet  deep  on  Desplaines  street.  The  next  building  north  and  on 
Desplaines  street  is  a  factory,  and  between  the  factory  and  the  rear  of 
the  corner  building,  is  a  driveway  or  alley,  ten  feet  wide,  running  east. 
It  intersects  another  driveway  running  south  to  liandolph  street  and 
north  to  courts  formed  by  the  factory  buildings.  The  north  end  of  this 
driveway  joins  another  which  runs  east  to  Jefferson  street.  Further 
north,  and  on  Desplaines  street,  and  on  the  east  side  of  the  street,  is 
another  alley  running  east.  This  alley  cuts  the  block  about  two-thirds 
of  the  distance  between  Randolph  and  Lake  streets.  On  the  west  side 
of  the  street  an  alley  runs  west,  through  the  middle  of  the  block,  to 
Union  street.  Here  were  excellent  avenues  of  escape,  in  case  of  danger, 
for  those  acquainted  with  the  locality.  The  speakers'  wagon  stood  just 
north  of  the  driveway,  on  the  east  side  of  the  street.  Diagonally  across 
the  street  was  the  opening  of  the  alley  running  west  to  Union  street.  In 
case  of  necessity  the  socialistic  brotherhood,  being  on  the  alert,  could 
escape  through  the  driveway  on  the  east  to  Randolph  street,  and  through 
the  alley  on  the  west  to  Union  street,  the  police  meantime  being  on  Des- 
plaines street.  It  had  this  advantage  over  the  usual  meeting  place  in 
the  square — there  the  police  could  approach  the  crowd  from  Desplaines, 
Union  or  Halsted  streets,  as  might  chance,  and  the  bomb-throwers  would 
be  in  uncertainty  as  to  where  to  station  themselves.  There  would  be  no 
other  means  of  escape,  then,  within  range  of  the  policemen's  revolvers, 
up  and  down  Randolph  street.  The  street  here  is  wide  and  the  police 
could  sweep  it  like  a  field  with  their  shots.  Their  lines  also  would  be 
spread  out  in  order  to  cover  the  greater  space.  Their  forces  would  not 
be  concentrated  as  when  on  Desplaines  street,  and  a  bomb  kills  only  at 
short  range.  With  policemen  marching  in  form  to  clear  a  street,  a  bomb 
would  injure  fewer  of  them  in  Haymarket  square  than  on  Desplaines 
street.  It  would  require  some  seconds  for  a  bomb-thrower  to  get  out  of 
the  range  of  a  revolver  in  Haymarket  square.  From  the  position  taken 
in  Desplaines  street  he  could  disappear  in  aa  instant.  Did  the  anarchist 
leaders  consider  this  when  they  selected  this  unusual  position? 


304  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


CHAPTER    XV. 

THE  FOURTH  OF  MAY,  1886— HOW  THE  ANARCHISTS  PLANNED  TO  ENTRAP 
THE  POLICE-THE  NARROW  STREET  WITH  ALLEY-WAY  EXITS-THE 
HAYMARKET  MEETING-SPEECHES  OF  SPIES,  PARSONS  AND  FIELDEN— 
THE  INFLAMMATORY  REMARKS  OF  THE  LATTER  —  "THROTTLE  THE 
LAW!  KILL  IT!  STAB  IT!"  — WHY  BOXFIELD  FINALLY  MOVED  — THE 
BOMB— WHAT  HAPPENED  AFTERWARD. 

It  is  a  pretty  well  established  belief  now  that  the  an- 
archist leaders  did  consider  all  these  points  before  the  selec- 
tion was  made.  Inspector  Bonfield  and  the  ojBScers  and  men 
of  the  department  are  fully  convinced  that  the  object  of  the 
anarchists  in  changing  the  meeting  place  to  Desplaines 
street  was: 

First.  To  consolidate  the  police  force  in  a  narrow 
street,  in  order  that  bombs  thrown  into  their  ranks  would 
produce  a  more  effective  slaughter. 

Second.  To  draw  the  police  into  this  narrow  space,  so 
that  when  the  bombs  were  thrown  they  would  become  con- 
fused, and,  perhaps,  shoot  each  other,  and  to  afford  the  an- 
archists ample  opportunity  of  firing  from  the  ambush  which 
the  alley-ways  afforded. 

Third.  To  give  the  leaders,  and  anarchists  generally, 
avenues  of  escape,  and  to  afford  the  bomb-throwers  the  pro- 
tection of  the  alley-way  opening  into  Desplaines  street,  close 
to  the  wagon. 

There  is  a  slight  discrepancy  among  those  who  at- 
tended the  meeting  as  to  the  exact  time  the  speaking  be- 
gan, but  it  is  generally  put  at  a  few  minutes  past  9  o'clock. 

Fischer  and  Engel  were  present  during  the  early  part  of 
the  evening.  Later  on,  Schwab's  gaunt  form  might  be  seen 
moving  aimlessly  through  the  crowd,  as  many  witnesses 
have    claimed,    but    he    denied    his    presence    there.     Par- 


DANIEL   J.  DUFFY, 
Ex-Lieut,  of  Police. 


35 


THE    FOUUTH    OF    MAY,    '>>♦).  H()5 

sons  and  Fieldeu  arrived  iu  due  season,  and,  of  course, 
Spies  was  there,  and  he  was  the  first  speaker.  From  the 
testimony  of  Paul  C.  Hull  in  the  trial  of  the  anarchists,  the 
following  summary  of  the  remarks  made  by  Spies  is  taken: 

Mr.  Spies  tukl  his  version  of  the  McCormick  riots,  which,  as  I  re- 
member, was,  that  ho  had  boon  char^'ed,  he  said,  with  beinff  responsible 
for  the  riot  and  for  the  death  or  these  men.  Ho  said — I  believe  he  said  — 
that  Mr.  McCormick  charged  him  with  it,  or  else  somebody  had  said 
that  Mr.  McCormick  had  charged  him  with  it.  He  said  Mr.  Mc- 
Cormick was  a  liar;  that  he  (McCormick)  was  responsible  for  the 
death  of  our  brothers,  the  six  men,  whom  he  claimed  were  killed  at  the 
riot;  that  he  had  addressed  a  meeting  on  the  prairie — a  meeting  of  his 
coiintrymen,  I  believe  he  characterized  them — and  when  the  bell  of  the 
factory  rang,  or  at  some  point  in  the  afternoon,  a  body  of  the  meeting 
which  he  was  addressing  detached  themselves  and  went  toward  the  fac- 
tory, and  that  there  the  riot  occurred;  that  was  in  explanation  of  it.  He 
then  touched  upon  the  dominating  question  of  labor  and  cai^ital  and 
their  relations,  very  briefly,  and  asked,  what  meant  this  array  of  Gatling 
guns,  infantry  ready  to  arm,  patrol  wagons,  and  policemen.  And  my 
recollection  is  that  he  drew  the  deduction  from  that,  that  it  was  the  gov- 
ernment, or  the  capitalists,  preparing  to  crush  them,  should  they  try  to 
right  their  wrongs. 

The  speaker,  according  to  Mr.  Hull,  closed  rather  ab- 
ruptly, and  adds,  in  his  account  of  the  riot: 

The  briefness  of  Spies'  speech  can  be  accounted  for  on  the  supposi- 
tion that  he  expected,  every  moment,  to  see  a  column  of  police  coming 
down  upon  him.  He  had  reason  to  believe  that  the  moment  the  speaking 
was  begun,  the  police  would  attempt  to  break  up  the  meeting,  and  he 
felt  that  he  would  avoid  responsibility  in  his  utterances.  Parsons  spoke 
next.  He  began  cautiously.  He,  too,  was  expecting  the  police.  He  dealt 
at  length  with  labor  statistics,  and  expounded  that,  whereas  the  labor- 
ing man  produces  one  dollar,  he  receives  but  fifteen  cents  of  it.  In  the 
early  part  of  his  speech  he  said:  "  I  am  a  socialist  from  head  to  foot,  and 
I  declare  it,  although  it  may  cost  me  my  life  before  morning." 

Mr.  English,  of  the  Chicago  Tribune,  in  his  testimony 
gave  this  abstract  from  Parsons'  speech: 

Don't  you  know  that  the  military  are  under  arms,  and  a  Gatling  gun 
is  ready  to  mow  you  down?  Was  this  G  rmany,  or  Russia,  or  Spain? 
[A  voice,  "  It  looks  like  it."]  Whenever  you  make  a  demand  for  eight 
hours'  pay,  an  increase  of  pay,  the  militia,  and  the  deputy  sheriffs,  and 
the  Pinkerton  men  are  called  out,  and  you  are  shot,  and  clubbed,  and 
murdered  in  the  streets.     I  am  not  here  for  the  piirpose  of  inciting  any- 


306  THE    CJIICAGO    POLICE. 

body,  but  to  speak  out  —to  tell  the  facts  as  they  exist,  even  though  it 
shall  cost  me  my  life  before  morning. 

It  appears,  therefore,  from  the  testimony  of  two  compe- 
tent reporters,  Mr.  English,  of  the  Tribune,  and  Mr.  Hull, 
of  the  Daily  Xctos,  that  Parsons  had  some  sort  of  an  innate 
fear,  some  foreboding,  some  knoAvledge,  regarding  an  event 
which  would  cause  trouble — perhaps  cost  him  his  life — be- 
fore morning.  Parsons  had  never  spoken  in  this  vein  before. 
His  style  was  always  defiant.  He  had  never  placed  himself 
in  the  position  of  a  prospective  martyr.  Like  Spies  he  ap- 
peared to  be  ill  at  ease,  and  during  the  remarks  which  he 
made  afterward,  he  spoke  in  a  wandering,  subdued  manner, 
entirely  out  ©f  keeping  with  his  usual  demeanor  on  the 
platform,  while  now  and  then  he  cast  furtive  glances  in  the 
direction  of  the  Desplaines  street  station. 

The  crowd  all  this  time  was  very  quiet,  uncommonly 
quiet.  Not  because  the  speech  made  was  j^articularly  inter- 
esting, or  because  any  new  points  against  the  "privileged 
classes"  were  drawn  out,  but  rather  because  a  large  number 
in  the  assemblage  seemed  to  share  the  feeling  exhibited  b}^ 
Spies  and  Parsons,  that  something  might  be  expected  to 
happen  before  morning. 

Mayor  Harrison  was  present  while  Spies  and  Parsons 
were  speaking,  and  the  meeting  appeared  to  be  so  tame,  in 
comparison  with  gatherings  of  this  class  which  had  been 
previously  held  in  Chicago,  that  he  came  to  the  conclusion 
there  would  be  no  trouble  during  the  evening,  so  informed 
Inspector  Bonfield,  and  went  home. 

Mr.  Hull  adds  in  relation  to  Parsons: 

He  spoke  at  great  length,  as  if  killing  time,  but  the  police  did  not 
come.  He  grew  bolder  as  he  proceeded  and  wanned  up  to  something  like 
his  old  time  heat.  At  one  time  lie  said:  "  Wo  speak  harshly  of  the  scabs, 
but  I  tell  you  when  a  man  has  been  out  of  work  for  six  or  twelve  months, 
and  has  tramped  about  the  country  looking  for  a  job,  and  been  sent  to  the 
rock  pile  as  a  vagrant,  he  is  going  to  take  the  first  job  that  is  offered  him 
whether  it  is  to  fill  a  striker's  place  or  not.  There  is  not  a  man  in  this 
crowd  but  who  woiild  do  the  same.     What  is  a  scab  ?    He  is  a  flea  or  a 


THE    FOURTH    OF    MAY,  '86.  307 

dog.  Now  the  trade  unionists  want  to  kill  the  scab  or  flea,  while  the  so- 
cialist wants  to  kill  the  do|L,'  itself  and  prevent  fleas."  He  closed  by  an 
appeal  to  arma  by  all  men  who  loved  their  wives  and  children. 

Fielden  was  the  last  speaker,  and  it  was  nearly  10  o'clock 
before  he  arose  to  address  the  crowd.  His  remarks  were 
unusually  mild  at  the  beginning,  but,  like  Parsons,  he  seemed 
to  lose  consciousness  of  the  fear  that  was  in  him,  and  as  he 
spoke  he  warmed  up  to  the  subject  and  soon  his  language 
began  to  flow  in  the  old  seditious  and  inflammatory  channel. 
Mr.  English,  at  the  trial,  testified  to  the  following  as  some 
of  his  language: 

There  are  premonitions  of  danger.  All  know.  The  press  say  the  an- 
archists will  sneak  away;  we  are  not  going  to.  If  we  continue  to  be 
robbed,  it  will  not  be  long  before  we  will  be  murdered.  There  is  no  se- 
curity for  the  working  classes  under  the  present  social  system.  A  few 
individuals  control  the  means  of  living  and  holdmg  the  workingmen  in  a 
vise.  Everybody  does  not  know.  Those  who  know  it  are  tired  of  it,  and 
know  the  others  will  get  tired  of  it,  too.  They  are  determined  to  end  it 
and  icill  end  it.  There  is  no  power  in  the  land  that  will  prevent  them. 
Congressman  Foran  said,  "  The  laborer  can  get  nothing  from  legislation." 
He  also  said  that  the  laborers  can  get  some  relief  from  their  present  con- 
dition when  the  rich  man  knew  it  was  unsafe  for  him  to  live  in  a  com- 
munity where  there  were  dissatisfied  workingmen,  for  they  would  solve 
the  labor  problem.  I  don't  know  whether  you  are  democrats  or  republi- 
cans, but  whichever  you  are  you  worship  at  the  shrine  of  rebels.  John 
BrowTi,  Jefferson,  Washington,  Patrick  Henry  and  Hopkins  said  to  the 
people:  "The  law  is  your  enemy.  We  are  rebels  against  it.  The  law  is 
only  framed  for  those  who  are  your  enslavers."  [A  voice:  "That  is 
true."]  Men,  in  their  blind  rage,  attacked  McCormick's  factory  and  were 
shot  down  by  the  law  in  cold  blood,  in  the  city  of  Chicago,  in  the  protec- 
tion of  property.  Those  men  were  going  to  do  some  damage  to  a  certain 
person's  interest,  who  was  a  large  property-owner,  therefore  the  law  came 
to  his  defense.  And  when  McCormick  undertook  to  do  some  injury  to 
the  interest  of  those  who  had  no  property,  the  law  also  came  to  his  de- 
fense and  not  to  the  workingman's  defense,  when  he,  Mr.  McCormick, 
attacked  him  and  his  living.  [Cries  of  "  No."]  There  is  the  difference. 
The  law  makes  no  distinction.  A  million  men  own  all  the  property  m 
this  country.  The  law  has  no  use  for  the  other  fifty-four  million.  [A 
voice,  "  Right  enough."]  You  have  nothing  more  to  do  with  the  law  ex- 
cept to  lay  hands  on  it  and  throttle  it  until  it  makes  its  last  kick.  It 
turns  your  brothers  out  on  the  wayside,  and  has  degraded  them  until 
they  have  lost  the  last  vestige  of  humanity,  and  they  are  mere  things  and 
animals.    Keep  your  eye  upon  it.     Throttle  it.     Kill  if.    Stab  it.    Do- 


308  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

everything  you  can  to  ■wouud  it^to  impede  its  progress.  Remember, 
before  trusting  them  to  do  anything  for  yourself,  prepare  to«do  it  for 
yourself.  Don't  turn  over  your  business  to  anybody  else.  No  man  de- 
serves anything  unless  he  is  man  enough  to  make  an  effort  to  lift  himself 
from  oppression. 

While  Fielden  was  talking  a  sudden  change  had  taken 
place  in  the  atmosphere.  The  air  which  had  been  almost 
oppressive  during  the  evening,  now  became  chilly,  and  there 
were  indications  above  of  a  sudden  and  severe  storm.  Rain 
had  begun  to  fall,  and  many  persons  Avere  moving  from  the 
crowd,  and  Mrs.  Parsons  suggested  that  the  meeting  adjourn 
to  Zeff's  hall,  when  Fielden  in  an  irritable  manner  said  no, 
the  people  were  trying  to  get  information  and  he  would  go 
on — he  would  say  all  he  had  to  say  there  and  then. 

At  the  Desplaines  street  station  Inspector  Bonfield  and 
his  command  were  in  constant  receipt  of  information  re- 
garding the  situation  at  the  meeting.  Detectives  came  in 
one  after  the  other  and  reported  what  Fielden  had  said,  how 
the  crowd  seemed  to  take  his  remarks,  etc.  The  advice 
which  he  gave  his  hearers  to  throttle  the  law,  to  kill  it  and  stab 
it,  was  reported,  and  some  of  tlie  officers  suggested  that  it  was 
time  to  move.  Inspector  Bonfield,  however,  was  not  going 
to  make  a  mistake,  or  act  hastily.  He  sent  the  detectives 
back  again,  and  while  they  were  on  their  way  others  came 
in  and  corroborated  the  first  statements.  Still  the  inspector 
held  the  men  back,  and  the  officers  around  him  in  a  joking 
way  began  to  badger  him,  telling  him  he  didn't  have  the 
nerve  to  break  up  the  meeting,  and  that  he  was  afraid  to 
touch  the  anarchists.  Inspector  Bonfield  replied  to  all 
this  by  saying  that  he  wanted  to  act  entirely  within  the  law, 
and  that  when  he  did  act,  the  others  would  soon  discover 
whether  he  was  afraid  of  the  anarchist  crowd  or  not.  Now, 
rej)orts  began  to  come  in  that  groups  in  the  crowd  which 
Fielden  was  addressing  talked  of  proceeding  to  the  St.  Paul 
freight  house,  where  "scabs"  had  been  employed,  and 
Avhere  they  were  housed  for  the  night.  The  detectives, 
whom  the  inspector  had  dispatched  to  obtain  more  satisfac- 


!kl  Crack!  went  the  Pistols  of  the  Anarchists. 


THE    FOURTH    OF    MAY,  '80.  309 

iorv  information  as  to  the  threatening  character  of  tlie  meet- 
ing, returned,  and  the  information  wliieh  tiiey  brought  con- 
vinced him  that  it  was  time  to  act.  In  relation  to  his  action 
on  that  night.  Inspector  Bonfiekl  says:  "  At  difPerent  times, 
between  8:  00  and  *J:  30  o'clock  p.  m.,  officers  in  plain  clothes 
rej)orted  the  progress  of  the  meeting  and  stated  that  noth- 
ing of  a  very  inflammatory  nature  was  said  until  a  man 
named  Fielden  took  the  stand.  He  advised  his  hearers,  '  To 
throttle  the  law.'  '  It  would  be  as  well  for  them  to  die  fight- 
ing as  to  starve  to  death.'  He  further  advised  them,  'To 
exterminate  the  capitalists  and  to  do  it  that  night.'  Want- 
ing to  be  clearly  within  the  law,  and  wishing  to  leave  no 
room  for  doubt  as  to  the  propriety  of  our  actions,  I  did  not 
act  on  the  fii'st  reports,  but  sent  the  officers  back  to  make 
further  observations.  A  few  minutes  after  10  o'clock  p. 
m.,  the  officers  returned  and  reported  that  the  crowd  was 
getting  excited  and  the  speaker  growing  more  incendiary  in 
his  language.  I  then  felt  to  hesitate  any  longer  would  be 
criminal  on  my  part,  and  then  gave  the  orders  to  fall  in,  and 
our  force  formed  on  Waldo  Place.  The  companies  of  Lieu- 
tenants Steele  and  Quinu  formed  the  first  division,  Lieut. 
Steele  on  the  right.  The  companies  of  Lieutenants  Stanton 
and  Bowler  formed  the  second  division,  Lieut.  Bowler  on  the 
right.  The  third  division  consisted  of  twenty-six  men  from 
the  Central  detail,  under  command  of  Lieut.  Hubbard  and 
Sergt.  Fitzpatrick.  Two  companies  commanded  by  Lieuten- 
ants Beard  and  Penzen  brought  up  the  rear.  Their  orders 
were  to  form  right  and  left  on  Randolph  street,  and  guard 
our  rear  from  any  attack  from  the  Haymarket  on  Randolph 
street." 

While  the  police  were  forming  into  line  and  marching 
toward  the  meeting,  Fielden  was  talking.  His  language, 
according  to  the  notes  taken  by  Mr.  English,  ran  as  follows : 

Is  it  not  a  fact  that  we  have  no  choice  as  to  our  existence,  for  we 
can't  dictate  what  our  labor  is  worth.  He  that  has  to  obey  the  will  of  any 
is  a  slave.     Can  we  do  anythinjj  except  by  the  strong  arm  of  resistance? 


310  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

Socialists  are  not  goinff  to  declare  war,  out  I  tell  you  war  has  been  de- 
clared upon  us,  and  /  ask  you  to  get  hold  of  anything  that  will  help  to 
resist  the  onslaufjht  of  the  enemy  and  the  usurper.  The  skirmish  lines 
have  met.  People  have  been  shot.  Men,  women  and  children  have  not 
been  spared  by  the  capitalists  and  the  minions  of  private  capital.  It  had 
no  mercy,  so  ought  yon.  You  are  called  upon  to  defend  yourselves,  your 
lives,  your  future.  What  matter  it  ichether  you  kill  yourself  tvith  ivork 
to  get  a  little  relief,  or  die  on  the  battlefield  resisting  the  enemy?  What 
is  the  difference?  An  animal,  however  loathsome,  will  resist  when  stepped 
upon.  Are  men  less  than  slaves  or  worms?  I  have  some  resistance  in 
me.  I  know  that  you  have,  too.  You  have  been  robbed,  and  you  will  be 
starved  into  a  worse  condition. 

At  this  moment  the  police  appeared  in  view,  and  a 
tremor  passed  through  the  crowd,  but  Fielden  continued  to 
speak,  although  his  remarks  were  not  listened  to,  the  atten- 
tion of  all  being  turned  in  the  direction  of  the  advancing 
column  of  blue-coats,  which  stretched  across  the  entire 
width  of  Desplaines  street,  and  swept  it  clean.  Inspector 
Bonlield  continues  his  story  of  the  night's  work:  "In  this 
order  we  marched  north  on  Desplaines  street  (Captain 
Ward  and  myself  in  front  of  first  division),  until  within  a 
few  feet  of  the  truck  upon  which  the  speakers  were  stand- 
ing, and  around  which  a  large  crowd  had  congregated.  The 
command  '  halt '  was  given,  and  Captain  Ward,  stepping 
forward  to  within  about  three  feet  of  the  truck,  said,  '  I 
command  you,  in  the  name  of  the  people  of  the  state,  to  im- 
mediately and  peaceably  disperse,'  and,  turning  to  the  crowd 
of  persons  on  the  right  and  left,  said,  'I  command  you  and 
you  to  assist.'  Fielden  turned  and  got  off  the  truck,  and  as 
he  reached  the  sidewalk,  said,  in  rather  a  loud  voice,  'We 
are  peaceable.'  Almost  instantly  I  heard  a  hissing  sound 
behind  me,  followed  by  a  tremendous  explosion.  The  ex- 
plosion was  immediately  followed  by  a  volley  of  pistol  shots 
fi'om  the  sidewalks  and  streets  in  front  of  us. 

"The  explosion  was  caused  by  a  dynamite  bomb,  which 
was  thrown  into  our  ranks  from  the  east  sidewalk,  and  fell 
in  the  second  division,  and  near  the  dividing  line  between 
the  companies  of  Lieutenants  Stanton  and  Bowler.     For  an 


THE    FOURTH    OF    MAY,   '80.  31i 

insiuiit  the  entire  commaiul  of  tne  above  named  officers, 
Avitli  many  of  the  lirst  and  third  divisions,  were  thrown  to 
tlie  ground,  ahis!  many  never  to  rise  again.  Tlie  men  re- 
covered instantly,  antl  returned  the  fire  of  the  mob.  Lieu- 
tenants Steele  and  Quinn  charged  the  mob  on  the  street, 
while  the  company  of  Lieutenant  Hubbard,  with  the  few 
uninjured  members  of  the  second  division,  swept  both  side- 
walks with  a  hot  and  telling  fire,  and  in  a  few  minutes  the 
anarchists  were  flying  in  every  direction.  I  then  gave  the 
order  to  cease  firing,  fearing  that  some  of  our  men,  in  the 
darkness,  might  fire  into  each  other,  I  then  ordered  the 
patrol  wagons  to  be  called,  made  details  to  take  care  of  the 
dead  and  wounded,  placed  guards  around  the  stations,  and 
called  for  physicians  to  attend  to  our  wounded  men.  It  is 
surprising  to  many  that  our  men  stood,  and  did  not  get  de- 
moralized under  such  trying  circumstances.  It  has  been 
asserted  that  regular  troops  have  become  panic-stricken  from 
less  cause.  I  see  no  way  to  account  for  it  except  this:  The 
soldier  acts  as  part  of  a  machine,  rarely,  if  ever,  when  on 
duty  is  he  allowed  to  act  as  an  individual,  or  to  use  his  per- 
sonal judgment.  A  police  officer's  training  teaches  him  to 
be  self-reliant.  Day  after  day,  and  night  after  night,  he 
goes  on  duty  alone,  and  when  in  conflict  with  the  thief  and 
burglar,  he  has  to  depend  upon  his  own  individual  exertions. 
The  soldiers,  being  a  part  of  a  machine,  it  follows,  that  when 
part  of  it  gives  out,  the  rest  is  useless  until  the  injury  is 
repaired.  The  policeman,  being  a  machine  in  himself, 
rarely,  if  ever,  gives  up  until  he  is  laid  upon  the  ground  and 
unable  to  rise  again.  In  conclusion,  I  beg  leave  to  report 
that  the  conduct  of  the  men  and  officers,  with  few  excep- 
tions, was  admirable ;  as  a  military  man  said  to  me  the  next 
day,  'Worth  the  heroes  of  a  hundred  battles.'  Of  one  offi- 
cer I  wish  to  make  special  mention.  Immediately  after  the 
explosion,  I  looked  behind  me  and  saw  the  greater  por- 
tion of  the  second  division  on  the  ground.  I  gave  the 
order    to    tho  men    to    close   up,    and    in    an  instant   Ser- 


312  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

geaiit  Joliii  E.  Fitzpatrick  Avas  at  my  side  and  repeated 
the  onler." 

Captain  Ward  says,  after  telling  of  his  recognition  of 
Fielden  on  the  wagon: 

"I  raised  my  baton,  and  in  a  loud  voice  ordered  them  to 
disperse  as  peaceable  citizens.  I  also  called  upon  three  per- 
sons in  the  crowd  to  assist  in  dispersing  the  mob.  Fielden 
got  down  from  the  wagon,  saying  at  the  time,  '  We  are 
peaceable.'  As  he  uttered  the  last  word  I  heard  a  terrible 
explosion  behind  where  I  was  standing,  followed  almost  in- 
stantly by  an  irregular  volley  of  pistol  shots  in  our  front 
and  from  the  sidewalk  on  the  east  side  of  the  street,  whicli 
was  immediately  followed  by  regular  and  well-directed  vol- 
leys from  the  police,  and  which  was  kept  up  for  several 
minutes." 

Said  Lieutenant  Quinn  in  his  report: 

'•The  order  'forward'  brought  us  to  within  about  six  feet  of 
an  improvised  stand,  a  flat  truck  wagon,  where  several  speak* 
ers  were  present,  and  a  man  then  speaking  to  the  assembly. 
The  command,  '  halt '  was  given,  and  at  this  moment,  the 
speaker,  pointing  to  our  advancing  force,  remarked,  '  There 
are  the  bloodhounds  coming;  do  your  duty  and  I  will  do 
mine.'  Captain  William  Ward,  of  the  third  precinct,  then 
stepped  forward  to  the  speakers'  stand  and,  adilressing  the 
speakers,  as  also  the  entire  assembly,  said,  '  I,  as  an  officer 
of  the  law,  in  the  name  of  the  people  of  the  sta^e  of  Illinois, 
do  hereby  command  you  to  disperse,'  and  at  the  same  time 
calling  upon  law-abiding  citizens  to  assist  him  in  so  doing. 
As  Captain  Ward  had  finished  his  last  sentence  a  shell  was 
thrown  into  our  ranks;  immediately  afterward  a  volley  of 
shots  was  fired  into  us  from  the  crowd.  The  command  at 
once  returned  the  fire,  being  assisted  by  the  entire  force  on 
the  scene,  and  were  successful  in  dispersing  the  mob.  After 
this,  all  available  men  of  my  command,  as  also  a  part  of 
Lieutenant  Steele's  command,  remained  on  the  ground  un- 
til 2  a.  m.  next  day,  by  orders  from  Inspector  Bonfield.      I 


THE    FOUBTH    OF    MAV,  '80,  315 

woukl  further  state  that  the  comluet  of  the  men  in  my  com- 
mand was  excellent,  without  exception." 

"After  Captain  Ward's  order  to  the  meeting,  the  speaker 
paused  for  a  moment."  says  Lieutenant  Bowler,  "and  the 
next  instant  a  bomb-shell  was  tlirown  into  our  midst,  wound- 
ing nineteen  of  my  men  out  of  a  company  o£  twenty-six. 
I  was  momentarily  stunned,  but  soon  recovered  myself, 
and  ordered  what  men  I  had  left  to  charge  on  the  crowd. 
We  fired  several  shots  each,  and  then  used  our  clubs  to 
good  advantage.  Both  sides  of  the  street  were  covered  with 
wounded  men,  but  most  of  the  crowd  was  north  on  Des- 
plaines  street.  After  the  shooting  was  over,  Sergeant  R. 
Moore,  Officers  Wessler,  Foley,  Meaney,  Asping,  R.  Walsli 
and  myself,  went  to  assist  the  wounded.  During  the  strug- 
gle I  saw  Inspector  Bonfield,  Captain  Ward,  Lieutenant 
Hubbard,  Sergeants  Moore  and  Fitzpatrick  several  times." 

"The  bomb  fell  directly  in  front  and  near  the  center  of 
my  company,"  said  Lieutenant  Stanton,  "  and  about  four  feet 
to  my  left.  I  think  it  was  tlirown  from  the  east  side  of  the 
street.  Shooting  began  immediately  after  the  shell  exploded, 
and  continued  from  three  to  five  minutes.  I  turned  to  look 
after  my  men,  and  found  they  were  scattered  and  the  most 
of  them  injured.  I  ordered  them  to  fire,  and  proceeded  to  do 
so  myself,  and  continued  to  do  so  until  exhausted  by  the  loss  of 
blood  from  my  wounds.  I  was  then  taken  to  the  Desplaines 
street  station,  and  soon  afterward  to  the  county  hospital." 

"Myself  and  Sergeant  Fitzpatrick  were  side  by  sidv^," 
said  Lieutenant  Hubbard,  "the  sergeant  on  my  right,  and 
both  of  us  in  front  and  center  of  our  command.  We  pro- 
ceeded north  on  Desplaines  street  to  about  90  feet  north 
of  Randolph  street,  and  when  in  the  act  of  halting  a  bomb 
was  thrown  from  the  east  side  of  Desplaines  street,  alight- 
ing in  the  center  of  the  second  division,  about  five  feet  from. 
and  directly  in  front  of,  myself  and  Sergeant  Fitzpatrick. 
The  bomb  exploded  instantly,  and  mowed  down  about  one- 
half  of  the   second  division,   and   six  men  of  the  left  wing 


314  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

of  our  command.  The  concussion  made  by  the  explosion 
staggered  and  rendered  me  wholly  deaf  for  a  few  minutes. 
The  remainder  of  the  second  division  was  forced  back  by 
the  havoc  made  by  the  explosion,  together  with  our  own  in- 
jured, temporarily  deranging  our  line.  Sergeant  Fitzpatrick 
reorganized  the  right  wing  of  our  command,  and  commenced 
firing  upon  the  crowd  on  the  east  sidewalk,  I  taking  the 
remainder  of  the  left  wing,  and  emptied  our  revolvers  into 
the  crowd  as  they  rushed  south  on  the  west  side  of  Desplaines 
street.  The  firing  continued  until  the  order  came  from  you, 
[Inspector  Boufield]  through  Sergeant  Fitzpatrick,  to  cease 
firing,  fearing  that  we  might  injure  each  other  in  the  darkness. 
We  proceeded  at  once  to  reorganize  the  company,  reload,  and 
ascertain  how  many  of  our  command  were  missing,  and  found 
nine  short,  seven  of  whom  were  injured  and  the  other  two 
were  assisting  in  caring  for  the  wounded.  By  your  order 
we  proceeded  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Desplaines  and 
Randolph  and  stood  guard  until  relieved  and  ordered  to  the 
station.  A  portion  of  our  command  was  detailed  to  assist 
in  gathering  up  the  wounded  officers,  as  every  few  minutes 
word  would  be  received  that  an  injured  officer  was  at  such  a 
number  or  place. 

"Dii'ectly  after  the  bomb  exploded,  it  was  followed  by  a 
volley  of  pistol  shots  from  both  the  east  and  west  sidewalks. 
Our  men  returned  the  fire  as  soon  as  possible.  I  also  saw 
many  persons  lying  on  the  walks,  in  doorways  and  alleys, 
after  the  firing  ceased,  but  when  we  had  cared  for  our  own 
men,  and  began  gathering  up  the  dead  and  wounded  of  the 
enemy,  many  had  disappeared  in  some  manner,  and  others 
drawn  into  adjacent  buildings.  The  entire  proceedings  were 
sudden,  vicious  and  soon  over ;  no  one  knows  that  better  than 
myself.  I  would  state  in  conclusion  that  the  conduct  of  the 
men  was  admirable,  and  that  at  the  command,  ceased  firing 
and  fell  in;  the  command  immediately  reorganized  on  the 
very  ground  that  they  halted  on  at  the  beginning  of  the  en- 
gagement." 


Cv/;- 


MAX    KIPLEY, 
Lieut.   Comdg.   East  Chicago  Ave.  Disttict. 


THE    FOUUTH    OF    MAY,  '86.  315 

No  description  of  the  scene  which  occurred  after  the 
■explosion  of  the  bomb  could  be  more  vivid  than  that  which 
is  given  us  by  Mr.  Hull,  in  his  little  work,  "The  Chicago 
Riot."     Speaking  of  the  dreadful  night,  he  sajs: 

It  [the  bomb]  burst  with  a  deep,  sullen,  prolonged  roar,  more  deaf- 
ening than  summer  thunder.  No  fire  came  from  it  and  the  cloud  of 
smoke  spread  close  to  the  earth.  I  saw  the  second  and  third  companies 
of  police,  under  Lieutenants  Bowler  and  Stimton,  fall  to  the  ground  as 
one  man.     An  instant  later  all  was  confusion. 

Then  came  the  rattling  reports  of  revolver  shots  from  both  sides  of 
the  street,  and  the  smoke  shut  out  my  vision.  These  shots  were  fired 
from  the  crowd  into  the  police.  Then  came  the  cry  from  some  one, 
"Charge!"  The  police  had  rallied  and  shots  came  like  the  falling  of 
corn  on  a  tin  pan,  or  the  roll  of  a  drum.  The  thought  came  to  me  that 
the  police  would  fire  high  as  they  had  so  often  done  when  dispersing 
crowds.  I  thought  my  .position  dangerous  and  foolishly  rushed  down 
to  the  street.     I  had  much  better  remained  where  I  was. 

There  was  a  furious  and  indescribable  scramble  for  life  around  the 
Gomer,  and  at  the  instant  I  reached  the  bottom  of  the  stairs,  the  police 
were  directing  their  fire  at  this  comer.  I  sprang  into  the  crowd,  thinking 
to  gain  a  wide  doorway  just  around  the  corner  on  Randolph  street.  At 
the  first  step  a  man  in  front  of  me  was  shot.  I  fell  over  him.  At  the 
same  instant  a  man  behind  me  was  shot.  He  fell  on  my  shoulders  and 
head.  For  a  moment  I  was  unable  to  rise.  The  rushing  crowd  trampled 
on  my  legs  and  back.  I  was  probably  not  down  to  exceed  two  or  three 
seconds.  I  rose  with  an  effort  and  sprang  for  the  doorway.  A  policeman 
struck  me  with  a  club  across  the  breast  and  staggered  me  back.  The 
blow  was  not  painful,  but  felt  like  the  blow  of  a  man's  fist.  Two  men, 
who  were  in  the  doorway,  were  seized  by  officers  and  dragged  to  the  pave- 
ment. The  clubs  smashed  into  their  faces  and  on  their  heads  for  a  mo- 
ment. I  stood  still,  my  back  to  the  wall,  facing  the  police,  holding  my 
hat  in  my  hand.  The  bullets  buzzed  like  bees  and  the  clubs  cracked  on 
human  skulls.  *******j  ^j^g  acquainted 
with  every  officer,  and  I  hoped  they  would  know  my  face— white  enough, 
probably,  to  show  well  in  the  darkness.  I  expected,  every  instant,  to  feel 
a  bullet  in  my  flesh;  but  I  dared  not  run — -I  would  have  been  beaten  to 
death  by  my  friends  before  they  would  have  recognized  me.  Detective 
"  Sandy  "  Hanley  stood  in  the  street,  near  me.  I  started  toward  him  for 
protection.  He  caught  a  sidelong  glance  of  me,  drew  his  revolver  on  me, 
and  fired.  As  the  muzzle  came  down  I  threw  up  my  hand  and  yelled, 
"  Sandy! "  He  dropped  his  hand  in  time  to  fire  the  bullet  into  the  cedar 
blocks  at  my  feet.  How  many  men,  at  a  time  like  that,  could  have  acted 
so  quickly  as  this  cool  man  ? 

Bailiff  Kelley,  of  the  Desplaines  street  court,  has  since  told  me  how 
nearly  he  came  to  killing  me.    He  said,  "  I  stood  a  few  paces  to  your 

26 


316  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

right,  and  when  I  first  saw  you  standing  there  I  didn't  know  you.     I 

drew  aim  on  you,  and  was  about  to  fire  when  I  thought — '  Why,  d it, 

he  stands  there  as  if  he  had  a  right  to,'  and  so  I  didn't  shoot.  I  popped 
away  at  another  man  scooting  across  the  square,  and  fetched  him,  too,  and 
then  I  saw  you  again,  and  I  thought  I'd  take  a  crack  at  you,  anyway.  I 
had  just  drawn  on  you,  when  an  officer  struck  up  my  gun,  saying  '  that's 
a  reporter.' " 

The  rapid  shooting  ceased  within  a  minute  after  the  explosion  of  the 
bomb.  The  officers  had  emptied  their  revolvers  and  were  reloading.  The 
mass  of  the  crowd  had  disappeared,  but  the  doorways,  area-ways,  and  coal 
cellars  in  the  vicinity,  were  full  of  men.  As  they  rushed  forth  after  the 
first  sharp  firing,  to  seek  safety  in  flight,  scores  of  them  were  clubbed  to 
the  ground  and  left  lying  there. 

One  man  left  a  hiding  place  near  me  and  started  across  the  street. 
He  ran  past  Officer  Hanley,  who  had  no  club  and  had  emptied  his  revolver. 
"  Sandy  "  struck  him  a  blow  on  the  head  with  his  fist.  The  man  threw  up 
his  hand  and  plunged  forwani,  almost  against  a  policeman.  That  officer 
struck  him  a  sounding  whack  on  the  side  of  the  head  with  his  club.  The 
man  gave  another  plunge  toward  another  officer,  who  struck  him  a  blow 
on  the  back  of  his  neck,  that  dropped  him  on  the  ground  like  a  bundle  of 
rags.  He  did  not  rise.  I  moved  toward  the  corner,  to  look  at  the  scene 
of  the  explosion.  I  bent  over  a  man  who  was  shot  in  the  body,  and  who 
moaned  for  help.  I  felt  a  strong  hand  seize  me  by  the  collar,  and  saw  a 
club  raised  in  the  air.  I  wheeled  and  yelled  "Reporter!"  The  officer 
recognized  me.  "  Is  it  you,  my  boy?  "  he  cried,  "  what  the  devil  are  you 
doing  here?  " — and  he  dashed  after  a  man  who  had  jumped  from  under 
the  iron  stairway.  I  will  not  attempt  to  tell  to  how  many  officers  I  intro- 
duced myself  within  the  next  two  minutes,  or  describe  the  frantic  and  un- 
successful efforts  I  made  to  get  my  reporter's  star  from  my  suspender  to 
the  lappel  ol  my  coat. 

In  five  minutes  after  the  explosion  of  the  bomb  the  riot  was  at  an 
end.  The  first  nihilist  bomb  ever  thrown  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  had 
done  its  bloody  work.  The  followers  of  the  red  flag  had  struck  their  first 
blow  in  Chicago,  and  it  had  torn  down  their  emblem  forever.     *     *     * 

The  center  of  the  street  seemed  full  of  writhing,  groaning  men,  call- 
ing for  help.  Under  the  iron  stairway,  on  the  northwest  corner  of  the 
street,  two  citizens  lay,  one  insensible,  the  other  moaning  feebly  and 
unable  to  rise.  Down  the  basement  stairway,  under  them,  three  men  lay. 
Propped  against  the  lamp-post  on  the  corner  was  a  wounded  man,  and, 
at  his  feet,  in  the  gutter,  another.  Across  the  street,  on  the  northeast  cor- 
ner, three  men  lay  in  the  gutter.  At  the  head  of  the  basement  stairway, 
one  lay  silently.  Another  sat  up,  holding  a  bleeding  leg,  and  begging  the 
officers  not  to  kill  him.  Reclining  on  the  stairs  below  them  were  two  suf- 
fering men,  and  in  the  area-way  below,  three  more.  East  and  west  <m 
Randolph  street  wounded  men  lay  in  doorways.  In  the  driveway  ten 
men  lay  in  a  heap.  In  the  alley,  on  the  west  side  of  the  street,  three  men 
lay  with  wounded  limbs  or  bodies.    All  the  way  to  Lake  street  sufferers 


THE    FOUltTH    OF    MAY,    '80.  317 

could  be  found.  All  of  these  were  wouuded  in  the  legs  or  vitals,  whicli 
accounted  for  their  presence  on  the  scene.  Those  wouuded  in  the  hand, 
or  in  such  manner  as  to  allow  thi^ht,  had  disappeared.  Many  were  car- 
ried away  by  their  friends.  The /police  made  no  arrests,  but  quickly  be- 
gan the  work  of  caring  for  their  wounded  brothers. 

And  this,  then,  was  the  grand  culmination  aimed  at  by 
Spies,  Fielden  and  Parsons — the  friends  ot"  liunianity — the 
lovers  of  the  people!  This,  then,  was  the  triumphant  cli- 
max achieved  by  the  Robespierre,  the  Danton,  and  the  Marat 
of  the  American  social  revolution !  This,  then — this  bloody, 
sickening  butchery — was  to  mark  the  birth  of  the  newer  and 
better  order  of  things;  this  horrible  massacre  was  to  be  the 
first  object  lesson  in  the  new  school  of  social  science  as 
taught  by  the  anarchists.  No  wonder  that  it -whitened  the 
faces  and  sickened  the  hearts  of  the  most  desperate  and 
reckless  among  the  followers  of  the  three  arch-ruffians ;  that 
it  put  the  ruffians  themselves  to  flight,  horrified  over  their 
own  cowardly  deviltry  and  stricken  with  panic! 

From  all  that  has  been  written  and  said  concerning  the 
terrible  scene  which  followed  the  explosion  of  the  bomb,  it 
must  have  been  a  most  appalling  and  horrifying  spectacle. 
Inspector  Bonfield  tells  how,  his  face  being  turned  toward 
Fielden,  he  heard  the  hissing  of  the  dreadful  fuse  as  it  was 
hurled  from  the  mob  at  the  mouth  of  the  alley;  how  in- 
stinctively he  realized  in  a  second  what  the  hissing  noise 
meant;  how  all  he  had  ever  read  of  bombs,  and  the  manner  of 
their  use,  flashed  through  his  mind  during  the  l)rief  inter- 
A'al  which  elapsed  between  the  hiss  and  the  explosion ;  how 
he  thought  of  St.  Petersburg,  of  Berlin,  of  London,  while 
the  dreadful  thing  was  still  in  the  air,  and  how,  within  this 
infinitesimal  space  of  time,  he  had  fully  made  up  his  mind  to 
expect  just  what  happened  afterward.  Lieutenant  Bowler, 
Lieutenant  Hubbard,  Lieutenant  Steele,  Lieutenant  Quinn, 
Sergeant  Fitzpatrick,  and  their  men,  all  heard  the  hissing 
or  saw  the  fuse,  and  though  it  appeared  like  a  lighted  cigar 
that  had  been  carelessly  thrown  into  the  air,  all  realized,  as 
if  by  intuition,  what  it  was  and  what  it  would  do.     And  when 


318  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

the  explosion  came,  it  was  like  the  dropping  of  a  huge  bowl- 
der into  a  pool  of  water,  so  completely  did  everything  on  the 
surface  sink  around  it.  The  dull  report  it  made  was  fol- 
lowed by  a  frightful  silence.  Those  surrounding  the  spot, 
when  the  explosive  fell,  were  scattered,  felled  or  stunned 
into  unconsciousness.  Strong  men,  who  had  been  unin- 
jured, stood  transfixed,  their  heart-beats  stopped,  their 
breathing  checked  and  muscles  paralyzed.  Immediately 
following  the  bomb  explosion,  crack!  crack!  went  the  pistols 
of  the  anarchists.  It  may  have  been  but  ten  seconds,  per- 
haps but  five — probably  but  one — it  seemed  to  those  few 
who  still  retained  their  senses,  and  whc  stood  around  and 
gazing  into  the  circle  of  prostrate,  bleeding,  dying  police- 
men, their  bodies  piled  one  upon  the  other,  bearing  a  re- 
semblance to  a  sandbag  entrenchment,  that  an  hour  must 
have  elapsed  between  the  explosion  and  the  first  pistol  shot: 
when  this  was  followed  by  a  volley  from  the  murderous  mis- 
creants, there  was  a  sudden  and  a  dreadful  awakening.  As  if 
animated  by  one  thought,  every  policeman  who  was  able  to 
use  his  arm  had  pulled  his  revolver  and  was  firing — any- 
where, everywhere — firing  wildly,  madly,  taking  no  thought 
of  aim.  no  thought  of  anything. 

Bonfield  was  stunned,  as  all  were,  by  the  explosion,  but 
he  was  one  of  the  first  to  regain  presence  of  mind.  Hardly 
knowing  what  to  do,  but  divining  that  something  must  be 
done  and  done  quickly,  his  first  thought  was  to  restore 
order  in  the  ranks  of  his  men.  In  a  loud  voice  he  ordered 
the  police  to  "  form  into  line,*'  or  "  close  up,"  but  the  wild 
firing  continued;  panic  had  stricken  the  police,  confusion 
followed  panic,  and  then  came  Fitzpatrick's  command  in  a 
clear  rinjrinof  voice — a  voice  that  sounded  above  the  horrible 
rattle  of  the  revolvers — ordering  the  men  to  "close  up,  form 
into  line  and  charge! "  It  was  a  display  of  coolness  seldom 
equaled  on  any  field  of  battle,  an  exhibition  of  that  element 
in  the  character  of  some  men  which  makes  them  natural 
leaders.     Bonfield  heard  the   command,  Fitzpatrick  was  at 


THE    FOUli'fll    OF    MAY,  "S*).  319 

his  side  immediately;  the  entire  force  had  felt  tiio  inspira- 
tion of  the  sergeant's  coolness;  Steele,  Hubbard,  (^uinn, 
Bowler  and  Ward  were  at  their  posts  in  a  second,  and  rally- 
ing their  men  around  them,  they  charged  upon  the  mob. 

As  the  police  approached  the  wagon,  before  the  explo- 
sion, the  mob  had  fallen  back  in  the  center,  until  it  formed 
an  inverted  V,  the  points  resting  along  the  sidewalks,  and 
the  apex  reaching  almost  to  Lake  street.  From  the  door- 
ways, alleys  and  the  inner  line  of  this  angular  formation, 
the  pistols  of  the  anarchists  had  been  doing  terrible  work 
for  a  few  moments.  The  anarchists  had  undoubtedly  ex- 
pected that  more  than  one  bomb  would  be  thrown,  and  had 
not  anticipated  that  the  police  would  so  speedily  recover 
from  the  shock.  Now,  as  they  beheld  the  blue-coats  rush- 
ing toward  them  like  madmen,  the  bloody-minded  horde  of 
cowardly  assassins  became  panic-stricken,  wavered  and  fled, 
and  the  police  followed  the  retreating  anarchists  and  sent 
deadly  volleys  into  their  midst,  as  they  plunged  through 
every  avenue  of  escape.  The  shooting  Avas  kept  np  until 
Inspector  Bonfield,  for  the  reason  he  has  given  elsewhere, 
ordered  that  it  cease. 

When  the  mayor  gave  it  as  his  opinion  that  there  would 
be  no  trouble  during  the  evening,  and  when  the  Aveather 
looked  so  threatening,  as  to  almost  convince  Inspector  Bon- 
field that  all  danger  was  past,  that  officer  telephoned  the 
chief  that  he  did  not  think  it  necessary  to  hold  the  reserve 
details,  at  the  Central  and  other  stations,  any  longer.  Su- 
perintendent Ebersold,  feeling  that  the  night  would,  after 
all,  be  a  quiet  one,  and  being  terribly  fatigued,  after  giving 
instructions  to  have  the  reserve  dismissed  for  the  nigfht, 
went  to  his  home  on  the  South  Side.  He  could  hardly  keep 
his  eyes  open,  as  he  himself  expressed  it,  and  reaching  his 
bed-chamber,  made  hasty  preparations  for  a  good  night's 
sleep.  To  this  moment  he  does  not  remember  just  how  far 
these  preparations  had  advanced,  when  the  telephone  bell 
rang  sharply  and  ominously.      Ominously,  for  he  had  left 


320  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

everything  in  good  order  down. town,  and  unless  something 
extraordinary  liad  occurred,  he  felt  certain  that  he  would 
not  have  been  called  up.  Without  delay  he  hastened  to  the 
telephone,  and  then  he  heard  in  a  few  words  all  that  it  was 
necessary  for  him  to  know  in  order  to  form  a  full  conception 
of  the  terrible  occurrence  of  the  night.  He  was  wide  awake 
in  a  moment.  As  a  soldier,  he  had  been  aroused  in  this 
manner  often  before.  Throwing  his  clothing  on  somehow, 
he  knew  not  how,  harnessing  his  horse,  and  jumping  into 
his  vehicle,  he  was  soon  tearing  along  at  a  break-neck  pace 
toward  the  Desplaines  street  station.  When  he  arrived 
there,  the  building  was  illuminated  from  top  to  bottom,  offi- 
cers were  carrying  in  wounded  men  on  litters,  surgeons  and 
priests  were  working  or  praying,  and  the  entire  scene  re- 
called to  his  mind  the  sad  and  sickening  pictures  he  had 
often  beheld  after  battles  fought  beneath  Southern  skies. 
The  dead  and  dying  were  stretched  upon  the  floor  of  the 
Desplaines  street  station,  trained  nurses,  whom  Warden  Mc- 
Garigle  had  dispatched  from  the  county  hospital,  were 
quickly  in  attendance,  and  all  attention  that  could  possibly 
be  given  was  freely  extended  to  the  sufferers.  The  alarm 
had  been  telephoned  throughout  the  city,  and  from  every 
station  came  plunging  patrol  wagons,  loaded  with  officers, 
who  were  quickly  at  work  upon  the  scene  of  the  explosion, 
doing  all  they  could  for  friend  and  foe  alike. 

When  the  cost  of  the  explosion  to  the  force  was  counted, 
the  following  casualties  were  reported  by  the  officers  named: 

Of  Lieutenant  George  W.  Hubbard's  command:  Patrick 
Flavin,  injured;  Jacob  Ebinger,  injured ;  John  J.  Kelley,  in- 
jured; James  H.  Wilson,  injured;  Fred.  A.  Andrews,  in- 
jured; Michael  O'Brien,  injured;  Daniel  Hogan,  injured. 

Of  Lieutenant  James  Bowler's  command:  John  J.  Bar- 
rett and  Michael  Sheehan,  died  from  injuries  received; 
John  Pieid,  bullet  wounds  in  both  legs  below  knees;  Law- 
rence J.  Murphy,  half  of  the  left  foot  blown  otf  by  shell, 
two  shell  wounds  in  the  right  leg,  one  in  the  right  hip,  two 


THE    FOURTH    OF    MAY,  'SC).  321 

bullet  wounds  in  the  right  le^-,  also  cue  in  the  left  side  of 
neck;  John  E.  Dt)}le,  two  bullet  wounds  in  the  right  leg, 
below  the  knee,  three  shell  -wounds  in  the  left  leg,  below  the 
knee;  Arthur  Conolly,  two  shell  wounds  in  the  right  leg, 
bullet  wound  in  the  right  arm;  Nicholas  J.  Shannon,  bullet 
wound  in  the  back,  seventeen  siiell  wounds  in  the  lower 
part  of  both  legs;  Adam  S.  Barber,  bullet  wound  in  right 
heel,  shell  wounds  in  the  lower  and  back  part  of  both  legs ; 
James  Conway,  shell  wounds  through  the  lower  part  of  the 
right  leg;  Thomas  McEnery,  ten  shell  wounds  in  both  legs; 
Patrick  Hartford,  two  shell  wounds  in  the  left  lecj,  bullet 
wound  through  the  right  heel,  three  toes  of  the  left  foot 
shot  off;  Louis  Johnson,  shell  wound  in  the  lower  part  of 
the  left  leg ;  Frank  P.  Tyrell,  two  shell  wounds  in  the  fleshy 
part  of  the  left  thigh;  August  C.  Keller,  shell  wound  above 
the  left  hip,  bullet  w^ound  in  the  left  side;  James  Brady, 
four  shell  wounds  in  the  lower  part  of  both  legs ;  John  H. 
King,  shell  wound  in  the  right  jaw.  and  two  bullet  wounds 
in  the  riorht  lejj. 

Of  Lieutenant  James  P.  Stanton's  command:  Lieutenant 
James  P.  Stanton,  two  wounds  in  calf  of  right  leg,  one  in  right 
thigh,  one  in  right  hip,  one  in  right  side,  one  in  right  forearm, 
wounded  by  pieces  of  shell,  pistol  Avounds  in  right  arm ;  Patrol- 
men— -Alexander  Jameson,  severe  pistol  shot  in  left  thigh, 
also  in  left  wrist ;  Timothy  O' Sullivan,  severe  pistol  shot  wound 
in  right  thigh;  Thomas  Halley,  slightly  injured  by  being 
trampled  on ;  Jacob  Hansen,  right  leg  crushed  by  shell,  am- 
putated above  the  knee,  two  pistol  shot  wounds  in  left  hip, 
left  ankle  fractured  by  shell;  Michael  Horan,  dangerous 
pistol  shot  wound  in  right  thigh,  four  inches  above  the 
knee,  also  severe  pistol  shot  wound  in  right  forearm ;  Peter 
Butterly,  severe  wound  in  each  leg,  below  the  knee,  by  shell, 
severe  pistol  shot  wound  in  right  forearm ;  Joseph  Norman, 
severe  shell  wound  in  left  hand,  also  in  right  heel ;  Thomas 
Hennessy,  severe  shell  wound  in  left  thigh,  also  several 
sliglit   wounds   in   both    legs,   below    the   knees,   caused   by 


i^22  TIIK     CHICAGO     I'OLICE. 

fragments  of  shell;  William  Burns,  slight  shell  wound  in 
right  instep;  Charles  H.  I'ink,  two  dangerous  pistol  shot 
wounds  in  each  thigh,  and  severe  shell  wound  in  left  ankle ; 
Mathias  J.  Degan,  killed  by  shell  wounds  in  abdomen  and 
legs;  Bernard  J.  Murphy,  dangerous  shell  Avound  on  riglit 
side  of  head,  large  wound  through  left  thigh ;  Thomas 
Brophy,  severe  shell  wound  in  left  hand;  Charles  J.  Whit- 
ney, dangerous  shell  wound  in  chest;  Thomas  Redden, 
left  leg  crushed  by  shell,  also  wounds  in  both  arms  and 
face. 

Of  Lieutenant  Francis  Penzen's  command:  Andrew 
O'Day,  bruised  in  right  knee;  Patrick  Nash,  bruised  in  left 
breast ;  Patrick  McLaughlin,  bruised  in  right  breast ;  Henry 
F.  Smith,  bullet  wound  in  riglit  shoulder. 

Of  Lieutenant  J.  P.  Beard's  command:  Daniel  Cramer, 
neck  grazed  by  a  bullet ;  Martin  Cullen,  collar-bone  broken  ^ 
Frank  Murphy,  three  ribs  broken  and  ankle  badly  bruised. 

In  addition  to  the  above.  Acting  Lieutenant  Edmund 
Roche,  who  was  assigned  to  Lieutenant  Stanton's  place,  the 
latter  being  injured,  reported  James  Pluukett,  of  Lieuten- 
ant Beard's  command,  slightly  injured,  and  Lieutenant 
Steele  found  it  necessary  to  mention  the  fact  that  the  only 
man  who  disgraced  his  uniform  during  the  trying  ordeal 
was  Officer  Charles  Dombrowski,  a  new  member  of  the 
force,  who  deserted  his  command  and  fled  to  a  friend's 
house,  on  Halsted  street. 

Seven  policemen  were  killed  or  died  of  their  wounds  as  a 
result  of  the  explosion.  These  were:  Officer  Mathias  De- 
gan. Although  shockingly  wounded,  he  attempted  to  walk 
to  the  Desplaines  street  station,  but  fell  dead  before  he 
could  reach  it.  The  second  officer  to  die  was  John  J.  Bar- 
rett. He  was  only  25  years  of  age  and  a  stalwart  young 
fellow;  he  died  the  second  morning  after  the  bomb-throw- 
ing. Officer  George  Miller  was  the  third  to  die,  after  suf- 
fering dreadfully.  On  Friday  of  "Haymarket  week,"' 
Timothy  Flavin,  the  fourth   victim  died,  after  his  leg  liad 


The  Morning 


3r  the  Riot, 


Tin:  rontTu  or  may,  'st*.  ;}23 

been  amputated.  OHicor  Michael  Sheehaii  d'lod  on  the  fol- 
lowing Sunday.  Officer  Thcunas  Redden,  the  sixth  victim, 
died  on  May  17,  and  Officer  Nels  Hansen,  the  seventh  vic- 
tim, died  after  six  weeks  of  excruciating  torture. 

How  many  of  those  in  the  mob  were  killed,  wounded,  or 
have  since  died  of  their  injuries,  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
tell.  That  a  large  number  paid  a  severe  penalty  for  their 
attendance  at  this  treasonable  gathering,  is  certain,  but  the 
wounds  of  most  of  them  were  hidden,  and  the  deaths  of 
many  of  them  were  covered  up.  Parsons  tied  at  once; 
Fielden  was  slightly  wounded;  Spies  and  Fischer  made 
rapid  tracks  for  their  homes,  the  Ayhciier  Zeitun<j  office, 
or  the  nearest  anarchist  headquarters.  The  arrest  of 
Fielden,  Spies,  Engel,  Neebe,  Schwab,  Fischer;  the  sack- 
ing of  the  Arheiter  ZeUumj  office,  and  the  discovery  there 
of  a  vast  supph'  of  dynamite,  arms,  bombs,  and  infernal 
machines;  the  discovery  of  bombs  in  different  parts  of  the 
city,  iinder  sidewalks  and  in  lumber  yards,  some  near  the 
scene  of  the  explosion,  going  to  show  that  it  had  been  in- 
tended to  explode  several  that  night;  the  brilliant  work  per- 
formed by  Captain  Schaack  and  his  men,  in  the  hunting 
down  of  the  anarchists  and  the  discovery  of  their  dens, 
when  every  anarchist  hole  was  entered  and  the  assassins 
in  some  instances  were  dragged  from  their  beds;  the 
arrest  of  Lingg,  one  of  the  most  dramatic  events  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  police;  the  flight  and  sensational  return  of  Par- 
sons ;  the  long  trial ;  the  speeches ;  the  sentence ;  the  appeal ; 
the  new  sentence ;  the  refusal  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  to  interfere ;  the  efforts  made  to  have  the  sen- 
tences commuted;  the  excitement  and  alarm  preceding  the 
11th  day  of  November;  the  shocking  suicide  of  the  "tiger 
anarchist;"  the  execution  of  Parsons,  Spies,  Engel  and 
Fischer;  the  commutation  of  Fielden  and  Schwab — all 
these  events,  striking  though  they  are,  are  too  recent  to  be 
called  history,  and  cannot  be  treated  here  at  the  length 
which  their  importance  deserves. 


324  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


CHAPTER   XVI. 

FREDERICK  EBERSOLD-COMPARED  WITH  8UPT.  MURRAY  OF  NEW  YORK 
-HIS  EARLY  STRUGGLES  IN  THE  WEST-DETERMINED  TO  BE  A  SOL 
DIER-RE(^ORD  OF  A  BRAVE  VOLUNTEER  AND  A  GALLANT  CAPTAIN 
-AT  SHILOH,  KENESAW,  VICKSBURG,  AND  WITH  SHERMAN  ON  HIS 
MARCH  TO  THE  SEA-RETURN  TO  CHICAGO-FIRST  YEARS  IN  THE 
POLICE  FORCE-STEADY  PROMOTION-A  SPLENDID  RECORD. 

There  is  a  most  remarkable  similarity  between  the 
careers  of  Superintendent  Murray,  of  the  New  York,  and 
Superintendent  Ebersold,  of  the  Chicago  police.  The 
former  is  a  native  of  the  American  metropolis,  was  born  in 
1844,  and  first  made  his  appearance  on  the  scene  as  a  Zouave 
under  the  gallant  Ellsworth.  He  received  honorable  wounds 
at  the  battle  of  Bull  Ran.  We  next  hear  of  him  after  the 
war,  in  1866,  when  he  was  appointed  on  the  New  York  po- 
lice force.  In  two  weeks  after  he  put  on  the  blue  unifoim 
he  made  several  arrests,  of  such  an  important  character, 
that  he  attracted  the  attention  of  his  superiors.  He  was  at 
once  appointed  roundsman,  and  at  the  end  of  a  year  made  a 
sergeant.  During  the  six  years  of  his  sergeantcy  he  be- 
came conspicuous  for  his  bravery  in  raiding  several  of  the 
most  notorious  dens  in  his  district.  He  was  next  appointed 
captain,  and  during  the  five  months  that  he  held  this  rank 
he  secured  five  hundred  years  of  convictions  for  some  of  the 
worst  ruffians  in  his  precinct.  Then  about  eight  years  ago 
he  became  inspector,  and  he  is  now  chief  of  a  force  that  ad- 
mires and  respects  him.  He  has  climbed  from  the  bottom 
to  the  top  round  unaided  by  outside  influences.  He  has 
been  given  nothing  that  he  did  not  earn. 

To  bring  the  similarity  closer  (for  in  the  recital  of  Super- 
intendent E^,ersold's   career    it   will    be  seen  that  a  striking 


FREDERICK  EBERSOLD.  825 

similarity  exists  even  down  to  this  point)  it  is  necessary  to 
recall  the  riots  of  1877,  which,  originating  on  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad,  spread  with  an  alarming  rapidity,  created 
a  panic  throughout  the  entire  Union,  and  at  one  time  as- 
sumed the  characteristics  of,  and  threatened  to  develop 
into  a  revolutionary  movement. 

The  part  which  Chicago  played  in  that  great  drama  will 
be  described  elsewhere;  for  the  present  let  us  look  at  New 
York.  The  Astor  Place  rio*-  in  1849,  the  draft  riots  in  18(53, 
and  the  Orange  riot  in  1871,  had  taught  the  people  of  New 
York  terrible  lessons.  In  the  first  instance,  the  weakness  of 
the  authorities  had  permitted  a  tremendous  disturbance  to 
grow  out  of  a  most  trivial  affair — tlie  rivalry  between  an 
American  and  an  English  actor.  "The  few  constables  could 
do  nothing,"  says  a  writer,  touching  upon  this  subject,  '  so 
one  of  the  ornamental  city  regiments  was  called  out.  There 
was  an  old  white-headed,  civic  brigadier,  all  chapeau  and 
epaulettes  and  gold  braid,  at  its  head.  He  was  fatherly 
and  benignant,  and  he  read  the  riot  act  to  the  mob  from  his 
horse,  and  asked  them  in  a  beaming,  persuasive  way,  to  go 
home  like  good  citizens.  They  replied  with  bricks  (it  was 
before  the  day  of  bombs).  Then  he  regretfully  fired  blank 
cartridges  at  them,  at  which  they  pulled  him  off  his  horse 
and  trampled  a  number  of  his  men  in  the  mud.  Finally, 
being  irritated  to  a  proper  sense  of  repartee,  he  came  at  last 
to  bullets,  and  succeeded  in  killing  several  innocent  people." 

In  the  riot  of  1863  the  same  course  was  pursued  toward 
the  mob,  with  the  same  results.  When  it  finally  became  a 
question  whether  the  city  should  be  turned  over  to  the  riot- 
ers, the  militia  was  called  out,  and  hundreds  of  people  were 
killed  and  wounded  where,  perhaps,  a  dozen  would  not  have 
fallen,  had  there  existed  a  well  managed  police  organization 
in  the  first  place.  When  the  firing  commenced,  after  hours 
had  been  wasted  in  vain  attempts  to  argue  with  the  leaders 
of  the  excited  mob,  the  persons  killed  and  wounded  were 
nearly  all    innocent   spectators.      The   real   rioters  and  their 


326  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

leaders  escaped   almost  to  a  man.     And  yet  the  measures 
taken  were  more  prompt  than  in  the  Astor  P  lace  riot 

In  the  Orange  riot  experience  taught  the  authorities  that 
it  Avouldn't  do  to  bandy  words  or  waste  time  in  dealing  with 
it.  The  police  force  was  not  thought  sufficient  to  cope  with 
it.  It  had  never  been  given  a  fair  trial.  The  Eighty-fourth 
regiment  was  ordered  out,  was  marched  into  Eighth  avenue, 
and  scarcely  had  it  reached  that  thoroughfare  before  it  com- 
menced firing.  The  Sixth  and  Ninth  regiments,  which  had 
just  come  up,  followed  suit.  In  a  few  minutes  hundreds  of 
victims  were  lying  dead,  dying  and  wounded  on  the  street. 
It  was  a  terrible  blow,  a  cruel  one,  but  there  was  no  more 
rioting  that  day.      The  whole  thing  was  over  in  a  flash. 

Six   years   afterward   the  riots  of   1877  occurred.      New 
York   like  many  other  American  cities  was   ripe  for  a  social 
conflagration.     From    187c},    when    the   panic   struck   Wall 
Street  and  all  the  money  centers  of  the  country,  things  had 
been  going  from  bad  to  worse  with  the  labor  classes.      There 
was  nothing  doing.      The  election  of  the  year  before,   which 
promised  to  change  things  for  the  better,  had  only  resulted 
in  creating  further  distrust  among  capitalists.     Foreign  so- 
cialists, commtinists    and    revolutionists   had  been   arriving 
steadily  at  Castle  Garden.     AVorkingmen  who  under  ordinary 
circumstances  would  not  have  listened  to  their  treasonnl>le 
and  incendiary  utterances,  gave  them   their  attention  now. 
They  were  told   that  nothing   but  a  great  popular  uprising 
of  the  working:   classes,  nothinof   but  a  terrific  social  revolu- 
tion — something  of  a  kind  that  would  strike  terror  into  the 
hearts  of  capitalists — could  save  their  families  from  starvation, 
and  themselves  from  absolute  slavery.     It  was  time  to  strike 
the  blow!     A  revolution  such  as  had  convulsed  France  at  the 
close  of  the  last  century  must  be  started — ^a  reign  of  terror 
must  be  inaugurated.     There  was  to  be  a  great  meeting  at 
Tompkins  Square.     It  was  to  be  the  initial  gathering  of  the 
revolution.      The   inflammable   material   was  all    prepared. 
The  match  would  be  applied  at  this  meeting. 


FRKDEKICK    EBERROLD.  327 

A  very  similar  meeting  occurred  in  Chicago,  near  another 
square,  nine  years  later,  with  a  very  similar  ending. 

The  Tompkins  Square  assemblage,  like  the  Hay  market 
assemblage,  was  a  wild  one.  It  was  ready  for  any  thing. 
"The  pulse  of  the  city  stood  still,"  says  a  writer  in  describ- 
ing it,  "in  the  appalling  presence  of  twenty  thousand  miser- 
able desperadoes.  Red-handed  communists  from  the  slums 
of  Paris,  and  fiery-tongued  Germans,  smarting  still  from 
the  imperial  lash,  poured  their  eloquence  upon  the  rabble, 
and  made  them  believe  that  in  America  they  were  still  suffer- 
ing the  wrongs  of  their  down-trodden  fellows  in  Europe. 
That  society  was  opposed  to  them.  That  wealth  persecuted 
them!      That  law  and  order  was   made  for   their  oppres- 


sion 


I" 


It  was  a  terrible  hour  for  New  York.  The  peaceable 
people  of  the  city  trembled  for  their  safety.  If  the  Tomp- 
kins Square  meeting  should  give  the  signal,  murder,  fire  and 
desolation  would  sweep  over  the  city  before  morning. 

But  Murray  had  his  eye  on  that  meeting,  and  watched  it 
as  carefully  as  did  Ebersold  and  Bonfield  the  Haymarket 
meeting  in  Chicago  nine  years  later.  He  bided  his  time. 
When  the  moment  for  action  arrived  he  appeared  in  Tomp- 
kins Square  at  the  head  of  live  hundred  policemen — -mark 
it,  there  were  no  militiamen  called  out  this  time.  He  drove 
the  twenty  thousand  before  him  into  the  back  streets,  into 
the  alleys,  into  the  slum-;,  into  the  holes  from  which  they 
came.  In  half  an  hour  Tompkins  Square  was  his.  There 
were  no  communists  or  revolutionists  to  dispute  its  posses- 
sion with  him.  The  desperadoes  from  Europe  and  their 
sympathizers  and  followers  had  been  scattered  like  chaff  be- 
f(n-e  the  wind.  There  were  many  broken  heads,  broken 
arms,  broken  collar  bones  and  broken  noses  in  New  York 
that  night,  but  there  was  no  conflagration,  there  were  no 
murders.  The  peaceable  citizens  slept  peacefully.  The 
club  had  done  its  work  effectively,  quietly,  satisfactorily. 

How  easy  it  is  to  recall  some  instances  under  Ebersold's 


328  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

management  of  the  Chicago  police  force,  in  which  the  club 
has  accomplished  results  just  as  desirable! 

It  has  been  the  steadfast  faith  of  Frederick  Ebersold, 
since  he  entered  upon  his  (hUies  as  chief  of  the  Chicago 
police  force,  never  to  bandy  words  or  waste  time  in  dealing 
with  a  mob.  He  believes  it  is  cruel  to  parley  with  rioters, 
criminal  to  argue  with  them.  First  of  all  they  must  be 
scattered,  struck  down  or  handcuffed.  Then  they  may  be 
talked  to  with  safety — with  safety  to  themselves,  and,  which 
is  more  important,  with  safety  to  the  community. 

Chicago's  experience  with  rioters  previous  to  the  dis- 
turbances of  1886  very  closely  resembled  New  York's  in 
many  particulars.  "The  Lager  Beer  Riot"  of  1855  was  a 
remarkable  uprising  of  one  of  the  strange  elements  that 
have  entered  into  the  composition  of  our  peculiar  popula- 
tion. A  certain  class  of  Germans  were  at  the  bottom  of  it, 
but  before  it  got  fairly  under  headway,  all  the  toughs  and 
thugs  of  the  young  city  were  engaged  in  it.  There  was  no 
police  organization  Avorth  mentioning,  and  for  a  time  the 
mob  held  possession  of  the  town. 

In  1876  another  of  our  strange  elements — the  Bohemian 
lumber  shovers — terrorized  the  timber  section  of  the  city, 
set  fire  to  saw  and  planing  mills,  and  threatened  to  destroy 
property  to  the  value  of  millions  of  dollars.  The  police 
force  at  this  time  numbered  scarcely  300  men,  there  was  no 
patrol  signal  service  to  draw  upon,  and  the  rioters  had  their 
own  way  until  they  cooled  down,  although  the  police  who 
were  assigned  to  the  duty  of  preserving  order  behaved 
bravely  in  every  instance.  In  1877  the  municipal  authori- 
ties dilly-dallied  with  the  mobs  that  sprang  into  existence 
in  every  quarter  of  the  city,  vacillated  in  their  policy,  and 
showed  such  weakness  for  a  time  that  it  was  only  by  a  miracle 
that  the  city  escaped  a  bloody  and  destructive  conflict. 
Again  at  Ogden's  Grove,  where  Anarchy  showed  its  teeth 
for  the  first  time  in  Chicago,  one  Sunday  afternoon,  the 
rioters  and  assassins  were  treated  with  undue  consideration. 


FREDERICK    EBERSOLD.  329 

All  these  occurrences  had  made  deep  impressions  on  the 
mind  of  Frederick  Ebersold.  He  saw  the  dangers  which 
threatened  the  city  every  time  the  lawless  elements  asserted 
their  contempt  for  aathority.  He  saw  nothing  but  evil  re- 
siilts  from  the  unwise  policy  of  even  seeming  to  palliate 
mob  rule.  He  saw  that  eventually  the  cost  would  be  great 
in  life  and  property,  if  the  ignorant,  tlie  headstrong,  the 
criminal,  the  incendiary  classes,  were  permitted  to  defy  the 
law  with  impunity.  He  determined  to  put  an  end  to  riots 
in  Chicago,  and  during  his  administration  wherever  the  mob 
has  shown  itself  it  has  been  hammered  on  the  head  and 
knocked  senseless. 

The  part  he  played  in  the  Haymarket  riot  and  the 
troubles  which  preceded  it.  have  been  described  in  the  proper 
place.  For  the  present  let  us  glance  over  the  career  of  this 
distinguished  citizen. 

He  first  saw  the  light  in  the  little  town  of  Ixheim,  in  the 
district  of  Zweibruchen,  a  province  of  Bavaria  on  the 
Ehine.  That  was  over  forty-six  years  ago — March  30, 
184:1.  A  terrible  shadow  fell  apon  his  life,  when  little 
more  than  a  lad,  his  father  and  mother  dying  in  a  single 
niarht.  There  beincf  little  left  now  to  bind  him  to  his  native 
land,  the  doubly  orphaned  boy  determined  to  seek  his  for- 
tune in  the  New  World.  His  only  capital  when  he  arrived 
in  New  York,  in  1856,  consisted  of  a  stout  and  honest  heart 
and  a  good  common  school  education.  He  found  some 
friends  on  landing,  but  he  decided  to  push  into  the  interior, 
and  he  arrived  in  Chicago  in  February,  1857,  where  he  ap- 
prenticed himself  to  the  varnishing  trade  with  J.  J.  West,  at 
197  Lake  Street.  Shortly  afterward,  or  in  1S59,  young 
Ebersold  moved  to  Mendota,  111.,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
grain  business,  then  becoming  an  important  pursuit  in  this 
State.  He  was  prospering  fairly  when  the  first  gun  at 
Sumpter  reverberated  throughout  the  land.  Five  days 
after  that  event,  on  May  19,  1861,  he  enlisted  at  Mendota, 


330  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

as  a  private  soldier,  in  the  Twelfth  Illinois  Infantry.      His 
name  was  the  third  or  fourth  on  tlie  list. 

He  was  made  corporal  in  Company  B.  The  regiment 
■was  assigned  to  duty  at  East  St.  Louis  and  afterward  at 
Cairo,  and  before  his  time  was  out,  Corporal  Ebersold 
became  very  ill  and  was  compelled  to  lay  up  in  a  hos[)ital 
for  some  time.  This  illness  told  upon  him  so  that  when 
he  sought  to  re-enlist  he  was  rejected.  He  immediately 
returned  to  Mendota,  very  indignant  over  his  rejection, 
thence  to  Chicago,  and  before  calling  on  his  friends  in 
the  city,  proceeded  to  Camp  Douglas  and  enlisted  for 
three  years  as  a  private  in  the  Fifty-fifth  Illinois  Infantry 
For  this  regiment  he  himself  recruited  thirty-eight  men.  On 
the  organization  of  the  regiment  he  was  made  fourth  ser- 
geant, and  shortly  afterward,  at  Paducah,  Ky.,  was  promoted 
to  second  or  first  duty  sergeant.  On  the  eighth  or  ninth  of 
April,  1862,  after  Shiloh,  he  was  made  orderly  sergeant, 
which  position  he  held  for  eleven  months.  At  the  battle  of 
Chickesaw  Bayou,  on  Sidney  Johnston's  plantation,  he  was 
made  second  lieutenant,  but  did  not  receive  his  commission 
till  the  following  April.  During  the  war  he  served  con- 
tinually under  Gen.  Sherman,  except  while  in  the  three 
months'  service,  when  he  was  with  Gen.  Prentiss. 

He  has  the  honor  of  being  a  survivor  of  the  famous  bat- 
tle of  Shiloh,  in  which  his  regiment  suffered  a  loss  of  one 
officer  and  fifty-one  enlisted  men  killed,  nine  officers  and  one 
hundred  and  ninety  men  wounded,  and  twenty-six  men  cap- 
tured— a  greater  loss  than  was  suffered  by  any  other  Fed- 
eial  regiment  in  that  dreadful  combat,  and  heavier  than  the 
loss  sustained  by  some  brigades.  The  regiment  had  taken 
part  in  the  expediti<m  to  Columbus,  Kentucky,  to  test  the 
question  of  its  evacuation  immediately  after  the  capture 
of  Fort  Donelson,  and  on  March  8,  1862,  it  embarked  on  a 
steamer  to  take  part  in  the  movement  up  the  Tennessee  river 
Avhich  resulted  in  the  terrible  affair  at  Shiloh.  On  March 
15,  with  other  troops,  the   regiment  disembarked  at  a  point 


E.  E.  LLOYD, 
Lieut.   Comdg.   Webster  Ave.  Disttict. 


37 


FREDERICK    EBERSOLD.  .331 

several  miles  above  Pittsburg  Landing,  and  was  prevented 
from  cutting  the  railroad  in  the  interior  by  high  water. 
Dropping  down  to  Pittsburg  landing  the  Fifty-fifth  went 
into  camp  on  the  front  line.  Here  Col.  D.  Stuart  took  com- 
mand of  a  brigade  formed  from  tlie  Fifty-fifth  Illinois,  and 
the  Fifty-fourth  and  Seventy-first  Ohio.  This  brigade  was 
then  known  officially  as  the  Second  of  the  Fifth  (Sherman's ) 
Division,  but  more  popularly  known  as  Stuart's.  Although 
belonging  to  Sherman's  Division,  says  the  authorized  his- 
tory of  the  regiment,  it  was  located  about  two  miles  east  of 
the  other  three  brigades  of  its  division,  being  in  point  of 
fact  the  extreme  left  of  the  army,  which  met  the  rebel 
attack.  Prentiss'  Division  was  next  to  its  right  and  front, 
though  about  one  mile  away.  The  Fifty-fifth  with  its  com- 
panion regiments  was  encamped  upon  the  road  leading  from 
Pittsburg  Landing  to  Hamburgh  Landing,  and  near  a  small 
branch  of  Lick  creek.  On  the  morning  of  the  battle  of 
Shiloh,  says  the  report  alluded  to,  the  Fifty-fifth^  like  all 
other  troops  upon  the  field,  had  no  premonition  of  the  fear- 
ful conflict  to  follow,  until  the  report  of  fire-arms  further  to 
the  right  gave  evidence  of  that  fact.  The  regiment  under 
the  immediate  command  of  Col.  O.  Malmborg  formed  the 
center  of  the  brigade,  the  Seventy-first  Ohio  being  on  its 
right  and  the  Fifty-fourth  Ohio  (Zouaves)  upon  its  left. 
After  forming  line  in  several  localities  contiguous  to  its 
camp,  during  which  time  it  was  not  engaged  except  in  skir- 
mishing, though  under  the  fire  of  Gage's  rebel  battery, 
position  was  taken  to  the  left  of  its  camp  and  about  sixty 
yards  in  its  rear  along  the  south  edge  of  a  precipitous  ravine. 
During  the  evolutions  resulting  in  this  formation,  the  Seventy- 
first  Ohio  (excepting  eighteen  men)  retreated.  The  posi- 
tion of  the  regiment  at  this  time  was  with  its  right  resting 
at  a  point  precisely  five  hundred  yards  east  of  Col.  Stuart's 
headquarters,  with  the  Fifty-fourth  Ohio  upon  its  left.  A 
full  half-mile  of  space  unoccupied  by  troops  existed  to  its 
right.      This  dangerous    interval  had  been  in  part  caused 


332  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

by  the  retreat  of  the  Seventy-first  Ohio.  No  artillery  was 
upon  this  portion  of  the  field  to  assist  the  federal  troops. 
The  Fifty-fifth  Illinois  had  exactly  five  hundred  and  twelve 
men  in  line,  and  the  Fifty-fourth  Ohio  from  three  hundred 
and  fifty  to  four  hundred.  In  this  position  it  was  finally 
attacked  by  Chalmer's  and  Jackson's  brigades  of  Bragg's 
corps,  which  had  been  placed  in  position  at  this  point  under 
the  personal  supervision  of  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston, 
the  rebel  commander-in-chief.  The  main  attack  commenced 
here  about  noon,  and  this  position  was  held  until  between  two 
and  three  o'clock  p.  M.  by  the  two  isolated  regiments  above 
named,  and  was  of  incalculable  value  to  the  ultimate  success 
of  the  Union  army,  inasmuch  as  it  defended  the  extreme 
left  during  a  vital  period  from  a  flank  movement  contem- 
plated by  the  rebel  order  of  battle,  and  vigorously  attempted 
at  the  period  spoken  of.  After  being  nearly  surrounded  and 
suffering  terribly,  the  regiment  retreated  from  point  to  point 
and  took  its  position,  with  its  organization  still  complete,  in 
the  last  line  formed  in  the  evening  near  the  landing.  It  par- 
ticipated in  the  battle  of  Monday,  acting  on  the  right,  and 
suffered  some  loss.  This  was  the  first  engagement  in  which 
the  regiment  had  taken  part,  and  that  the  men  bore  them- 
selves with  most  admirable  discipline  and  bravery,  in  the  face 
of  terrible  slaughter,  is  evidenced  by  the  record  they  made  on 
those  two  awful  days. 

During  the  campaign  before  Vicksburg,  Ebersold  was 
one  of  the  officers  who  had  charge  of  the  saps  of  the  rebel 
works — a  position  that  calls  upon  all  the  bravery  that  the 
pluckiest  of  men  possess.  For  hours  he  worked  with  his 
men  in  a  narrow  trench,  under  constant  fire  from  the  enemy 
above.  They  were  to  dig  a  trench  sufficiently  large  to  cover 
the  advance  of  five  men  abreast,  and  while  engaged  in  this 
perilous  undertaking,  the  rebels  on  the  bluffs  overhead  rolled 
hot  shell  down  upon  them.  It  was  a  desperate  position, 
an  awful  position  to  be  placed  in,  l)nt  the  work  had  to  be 
done,  and   Ebersold  set  about  accomplishing  it  with  such  a 


FREDERICK    F.DEIISCLD. 


^8a 


will,  that  at  the  surrender  of  this  great  rebel  stronghold  he 
Lad  succeeded  in  excavating  a  sap  within  eleven  feet  and 
three  inches  of  the  rebel  works,  and  had  undermined  them 
twenty  feet. 

In  the  same  fall,  after  the  occupation  of  Vicksburg, 
Ebersold  was  promoted  to  a  lirst  lieutenantcy,  and  started 
from  Vicksburg  to  Mission  Ridge,  and  to  the  relief  of  Knox- 
ville. 

In  the  spring  of  1864,  his  three  years  of  service  having 
expired,  he  re-enlisted  and  was  unanimously  elected  first 
lieutenant  by  the  company.  During  the  Atlanta  campaign 
he  was  in  charge  mainly  of  "A"  and  "E"  companies.  On 
account  of  Gov.  Oglesby's  order  that  no  man  in  one  com- 
pany should  be  promoted  to  a  captaincy  in  another,  he  was 
kept  eleven  months  out  of  this  advancement.  Finally, 
owing  to  the  promotion  of  Capt.  Andrews  of  "I'^  company 
to  a  lieutenant  colonely,  he  was  at  length  made  captain,  to  fill 
the  vacancy. 

About  this  time  Capt.  Ebersold  had  some  practical  experi- 
ence in  warfare,  and  not  always  of  a  pleasant  character. 
At  Shiloh,  April  6th  and  7th,  1862,  he  was  wounded  in 
the  left  hand  and  across  the  shoulders.  On  the  Monday  of 
that  celebrated  fight  he  was  blown  up  by  a  shell  near  Shiloh 
Cliapel,  but  escaped  unhurt.  That  afternoon  (the  second 
day  of  the  fight),  he  was  struck  by  a  piece  of  shell  in  the 
right  arm,  and  had  to  be  taken  off  the  field.  This  shell 
crushed  accross  the  left  breast,  and  he  feels  the  effects  of  it 
to  this  day. 

The  Fifty-fifth  Illinois  Infantry  had  an  eventful  career 
during  the  war,  and  in  every  skirmish  and  battle  in  which  it 
was  engaged,  Ebersold  was  with  it.  Its  record  stands  as 
follows: 

Battle  of  Russell  House,  front  of  Corinth,  May  17,  1862. 

Siege  and  capture  of  Corinth  which  followed.  May  30,  1862. 

Battle  of  Chickasaw  Bayou,  Dec.  27,  28  and  29,  1862. 

Battle  of  Arkansas  Post,  July  10  and  11, 1863. 

right  at  Champion  Hill,  May  17,  1863. 


33^1  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

Siege  and  capture  of  Vicksbnrg,  under  fire  for  forty  days. 

Siege  at]d  capture  of  Jackson,  from  July  10  to  July  16,  1863. 

Fight  at  Tuscumbia,  Aug.  27,  1863,  when  the  regiment  went  up  to 
Chattanooga  to  reinforce  Rosenkrauz. 

Battle  of  Mission  Ridge,  Nov.  24  and  25, 1863. 

Battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  .Tune  27,  1864. 

Battle  of  Decatur,  July  22,  1864,  and  battle  of  Ezra  Chapel,  July  28, 
which  resulted  in  terrible  slaughter  of  the  rebels. 

Fight  at  Jonesboro,  Aug.  31,  1864,  when  Capt.  Ebersold  took  and 
held  the  h'll  where  the  main  battle  was  fought.  The  capture  and  holding 
of  this  position  gave  the  army  the  main  road  to  Macon  the  U'xt  morning. 
It  was  a  daring  stroke  on  Ebersold's  part,  and  was  considered  an  admir- 
able manoeuver  at  the  time  by  commanding  officers. 

From  there  the  Fifty-fifth  went  into  camp  at  East  Point,  then  fol- 
lowed Hood  to  Gainesville,  then  returned  to  Vining  Station,  and  then 
joined  Sherman  in  his  famous  march  to  the  sea. 

The  regiment's  next  engagement  was  at  the  capture  of  Fort  Mc- 
Allister on  the  coast,  which  opened  the  "  cracker  line  "  for  the  commis- 
sary department. 

Next  it  engaged  in  some  warm  work  at  Beaufort,  S.  C,  and  on  Feb. 
9,  1865,  went  into  a  fight  at  South  Edisto  River,  and  for  the  good  work  it 
did  in  cutting  off  communication,  was  allowed  to  put  "  Charleston  "  on 
its  banner. 

Was  at  Columbia,  S.  C  ,  Feb.  15  and  16,  with  the  advance  in  crossing 
the  river;  next  at  Bentonville,  N.  C,  March  20  and  21,  and  finally  at 
Johnson's  surrender  near  Raleigh. 

The  regiment  was  120  days  under  fire  in  all ;  travelled 
12,065  miles,  of  which  it  marched  3,340. 

After  the  grand  review  and  muster  out  at  Washington, 
Capt.  Ebersold  returned  to  Chicago.  He  had  contracted 
malaria  in  the  Southern  swamps,  but  the  excitement  and 
activity  of  army  life  had  kept  him  on  his  feet.  No  sooner 
had  he  reached  Chicaofo  however,  than  he  succumbed,  and 
for  two  months  and  a  half  he  was  laid,  t*^  "^-^  a  familiar 
expression,  on  the  flat  of  his  back.  He  continued  to  suffer 
from  the  effects  of  his  army  life,  and  to  be  sickly  for  seven  or 
eight  years  after  the  close  of  the  war.  Even  now  he  is 
afflicted  with  malaria,  and  he  never  expects  to  be  actually  rid 
of  it.  In  addition  to  his  sickness  he  was  destined  to 
undergo  other  troubles  almost  equally  annoying,  and  even 
more  discouraging.  He  had  money  when  he  went  into  the 
army,  and   saved  money  while,  soldiering.      As  soon  as  he 


FREDERICK    EBEKSOLD. 


33J 


was  able  to  turn  his  attention  to  business,  he  entered  into  a 
partnership  and  opened  a  liour  and  feed  store  on  Canal 
street.  In  this  enterprise  he  lost  every  dollar  he  possessed. 
He  was  a  poorer  man  than  he  was  the  day  he  went  into  the 
army,  and  he  had  to  turn  his  attention  to  some  means  of 
makiuo:  an  honorable  livinor. 

On  July  9th,  1867,  Jacob  Relim  being  at  the  time  super- 
intendent of  police,  the  name  of  Frederick  Ebersold  was 
first  entered  on  the  rolls  of  the  department  as  a  patrolman. 
He  was  assigned  to  the  old  Armory  police  station,  corner  of 
Franklin  and  Adams  streets.  He  traveled  post  till  the  next 
April,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  day  squad  at  the  Central 
station,  and  appointed  to  duty  at  Rush  street  bridge.  When 
navigation  closed  and  the  squad  was  broken  up  in  the  win- 
ter, he  was  sent  back  to  the  Armory  and  traveled  beat  till 
the  following  May,  when  he  was  again  placed  on  the  day  squad 
and  assigned  to  duty  at  the  Washington  street  tunnel  for 
eleven  months.  On  acount  of  the  dampness  of  the  place  he 
became  sick,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Randolph  street  bridge, 
then  at  Lake  and  Fifth  avenue,  then  was  assigned  to  head- 
quarters where  he  acted  as  interpreter  and  operated  the  old 
time  dial  telegraph  machine,  which  sank  into  inocuous 
disuetude  on  the  introduction  of  the  telephone.  He  did  the 
work  usually   performed  l:»y  station-keepers,    until   May  4, 

1872,  when  he  was  promoted  to  a  sergeantcy  and  assigned  to 
the  Twenty-second  street  district.     He  remained  there  till 

1873,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  new  Armory,  Harrison 
street  and  Pacific  avenue,  and,  when  the  rank  was  established 
in  the  department,  was  created  a  lieutenant.     On  August  1st, 

1879,  he  was  appointed  captain,  and  remained  in  charge  of 
the  Harrison  street  precinct  till  August  1st,  1881,  when  he 
was  transferred  to  West  Twelfth  street.  This  was  at  the  time 
there  was  so  much  shooting  of  policemen  going  on  in  the 
"  terror  district."  He  was  accompanied  by  Lieutenant  (now 
Inspector)  Bonfield,  and  remained  at  this  post  till  Dec.  1st, 

1880.  when   on   the   promotion  of   Capt.   McGarigle  to   be 


380  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

superintendent  of  police,  he  Avas  assigned  to  the  Madison 
street  district,  from  wlience  (August  1st,  1881,)  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Central  station  and  placed  in  charge  of  the 
central  detail.  Here  he  remained  two  years,  when  he  was 
sent  back  to  the  Armory,  the  point  from  which  he  started; 
from  this  assignment  he  was  raised  to  the  Inspectorship  in 
August,  1885,  and  two  months  later  was  named  by  Mayor 
Harrison,  general  superintendent  of  police.  He  was  re-ap- 
pointed by  Mr.  Roche,  after  the  election  of  that  gentleman 
to  the  mayoralty. 

What  a  history!  What  a  struggle!  What  ups  and 
downs — what  a  hard  battle  for  success,  what  a  well-earned 
triumph  over  difficulties  at  last!  To-day  a  sapper,  digging 
beneath  the  breastworks  of  the  enemy.  To-morrow  a 
captain  leading  a  mixed  picket  to  the  capture  of  a  prized  posi  • 
tion.  To-day  marching  at  the  head  of  a  company  that  had 
seen  service  under  120  days  of  fire.  To-morrow  shaking 
with  malaria  as  a  common  patrolman  in  front  of  a  damp  and 
ill-smelling  Chicago  tunnel.  To-day  tossed  around  from 
pillar  to  post,  and  from  post  to  pillar,  to-morrow  chief  of 
the  force  which  he  entered  in  the  humblest  capacity  ! 
Surely  there  is  material  for  a  romance  in  such  a  life  as  this! 

He  was  a  lieutenant  when  the  riot  of  1877  broke  out,  and 
during  that  disturbance  he  acted  as  quarter-master.  He  dis- 
persed the  mob  in  the  stone-yards,  and  at  the  burning  of  the 
planing  mill  at  Van  Buren  and  Franklin  streets,  he  took 
vigorous  measures  against  the  rioters  and  laid  them  low  by 
the  liberal  use  of  the  club.  He  arrested  Charlie  Allen  who 
shot  Beattie,  and  came  near  losing  his  life  in  the  transaction. 
In  a  midnight  fight  on  Fifth  avenue,  between  Harrison  and 
Polk  streets,  in  1875,  in  which  stone-cutters  and  sailors  were 
the  participants,  he  ran  into  the  midst  of  the  combat.  The 
sailors  ran  away  and  the  stone-cutters  surrounded  him. 
In  a  minute  or  two  it  seemed  as  if  all  was  up  with  him.  He 
had  to  use  his  pistol  and  did  some  terrible  execution. 
Single  handed  and  alone  he   brought  in  two  of  the  fighters 


MARTIN  QUINN, 
Lieut.    Coiiidg.   East  Chicago  Ave.  Disttict. 


FREDERICK    EBERSOLD.  3:>7 

to  the  statini,  and  left  five  or  six  more  unable  to  move  until 
he  called  for  them.  As  for  himself  he  had  been  beaten 
so  badly  that  he  was  black  and  blue  for  a  month  afterward. 

In  June,  1ST5,  when  the  notorious  Ed.  Burns  was  shot, 
Ebersold  ran  after  him,  thinking  that  he  (Barns)  had  done 
the  shooting.  Burns  pointed  out  the  notorious  Charlie 
Powers  as  his  assailant,  and  when  Ebersold  ran  toward 
Powers,  the  latter  turned  iipon  him  and  sent  a  bullet  whiz- 
zinor  throu2:h  his  clothin<j^. 

Later  when  he  arrested  "Cranky  Bill,"  a  desperate  char- 
acter, he  felt  in  liis  pocket  for  a  pistol  but  found  none.  On 
the  way  to  the  station  Bill  turned  upon  his  captor  and  point- 
ing a  pistol  to  his  face  blazed  away.  The  ball  missed. 
Cranky  Bill  had  concealed  the  weapon  in  his  coat-sleeve. 

Superintendent  Ebersold  is  recognized  as  one  of  the 
ablest  commanding  and  executive  officers  that  has  ever  filled 
the  Chief's  chair  in  the  police  department.  Elsewhere  in  this 
volume  the  story  of  his  management  of  the  force  during 
the  riots  of  1886,  is  given  in  detail.  The  manner  in  which 
he  handled  his  men  during  the  perilous  days  preceding  the 
Haymarket  explosion,  was  so  skillful  as  to  elicit  the  unqual- 
ified admiration  of  citizens  generally,  and  military  authori- 
ties in  particular. 


33b 


THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


CHAPTER   XVII. 

JOHN  BONFIELD-A.N  ADVANCED  MEMBER  OF  THE  NEW  SCHOOL  OF 
POLICE  OFFICERS-A  MAN  WHO  NEVER  SHIRKED  A  DUTY-THE 
USE  OF  THE  CLUB  DURING  THE  STREET  CAR  RIOT-WHY  HEADS 
WERE  DAMAGED -THE  RESULT  JUSTIFIED  THE  PROCESS-BON- 
FIELD  IN  PRIVATE  AND  POLICE  LIFE-HE  PROVED  A  FAILURE  IN 
COMMERCIAL    LIFE -FROM  PATROLMAN  TO  INSPECTORSHIP. 

A  man  who  has  never  shirked  his  duty,  who  has  never 
apologized  for  doing  his  duty,  who  has  done  his  duty  in  the 
teeth  of  the  most  bitter  and  violent  opposition,  who  has  never 
mistaken  his  duty,  who  has  not  paused  to  consider  consequen- 
ces when  he  had  a  duty  to  perform — such  a  man  is  John 
Bonfield,  Inspector  of  Police. 

In  the  strong  light  cast  upon  the  character  and  qualifica- 
tions of  Inspector  Bonfield  by  recent  and  well-remembered 
events,  any  attempt  on  the  part  of  his  biographer  to  defend 
his  career  against  the  malignant  attacks  made  upon  it,  would 
be  considered  wholly  superfluous  by  the  average  citizen.  As 
the  plain  record  of  the  man  is  laid  bare  the  necessity  for 
either  a  defense  or  explanation  of  his  acts  becomes  unneces- 
sary. 

Elsewhere  in  this  history,  the  name  of  John  Bonfield 
figures,  as  a  matter  of  necessity,  most  conspicviously.  He 
belongs  to  the  modern  school  of  police  officers — that  class 
of  men  who  have  made  the  police  force  of  Chicago 
famous  for  its  discipline,  efficiency  and  bravery  throughout 
the  nation.  The  ability  which  he  displayed  in  organizing 
our  present  admirable  Police  Patrol  system — a  system  which 
has  been  or  is  being  eagerly  copied  by  every  large  town  and 
city  on  the  continent — would  entitle  him,  were  his  record  to 


JOHN    BOXFIELD, 

Inspector  of  Police. 


JOHN    BONFIELD.  ;^3() 

reach  no  farther,  to  the  histing  gratitude  of  our  people.  The 
discretion,  tlie  valor  he  has  displayed  in  the  face  of  frenzied 
rioters,  on  more  than  one  occasion,  checking  almost  single- 
handed  and  by  the  most  heroic  example,  tumults  that  threat- 
ened to  culminate  in  public  disaster  and  bloodshed,  entitle 
him  and  his  acts  to  the  highest  popular  esteem. 

Of  all  his  conspicuous  exploits  perhaps  the  one  that  has 
called  down  upon  his  head  the  most  unmerited  abuse  and 
villification,  was  his  daring  conduct  during  the  street  car 
disturbance  of  July,  1885.  That  episode  in  his  career  stands 
out  in  bold  relief  in  the  memory  of  the  reader,  for  it  has  re- 
ceived more  attention  than  any  similar  event  in  the  history 
of  this  city.  Even  those  who  profess  to  be  his  friends, 
and  who  have  not  forgotten,  and  cannot  forget,  his  admi- 
rable conduct  on  other  occasions,  at  this  late  day  shake  their 
heads  gravely  and  sigh  audibly  when  that,  to  them,  very 
unfortunate  occasion  is  mentioned. 

Neither  as  Captain  nor  Inspector,  has  John  Bonfield  ever 
ofPered  to  the  public  any  defense,  much  less  apology,  for  his 
conduct  on  this  occasion.  He  has  simply  allowed  the  result 
of  his  work  to  speak  for  itself.  The  result  was  the  extin- 
guishment of  a  dangerous  public  tumult,  the  crushing  out 
in  its  incipiency  of  what  gave  unmistakable  signs  of  becom- 
ing within  a  very  few  hours,  a  bloody  and  destructive  riot. 

These  disturbances  are  dealt  with  fully  in  the  proper 
place.      Let  us  simply  take  a  glance  at  the  situation: 

The  street  car  company  had  openly  violated  an  agree- 
ment with  its  employes.  That  was  a  fact  so  paljjable  that 
the  public  could  not  fail  to  see  it.  It  was  a  corporation  never 
popular,  and  never  so  unpopular  as  in  July,  1885.  The  em- 
ployes were  known  to  thousands  of  citizens,  and  looked  upon 
as  faithful,  conscientious,  overworked  and  underpaid  men. 
Popular  indignation  ran  high  against  the  company,  and  the 
strike  which  followed  met  with  undisguised  and  even  demon- 
strative and  practical  public  approval.  The  people  of  the 
West  Division  were  almost  a  unit  in  their  desire  that  full 


340  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

justice  should  be  done  the  company's  empioyes.  Men  and 
women  walked  to  and  from  their  places  of  business  uncom- 
plainingly or  rode  in  express  wagons,  hacks  or  broken-down 
omnibuses  cheerfully,  in  order  that  the  strikers  might  gain 
their  point. 

Even  the  policemen  sympathized  with  the  struggling  car 
men,  for  a  blue  blouse  or  a  helmet  does  not  change  a  man's 
nature,  and  he  is  just  as  apt  to  entertain  the  same  opinions, 
sentimental  or  otherwise,  after  putting  on  his  numbered  star 
as  before.  His  neighbors,  friends — his  fellow  citizens  with- 
out regard  to  station — were  in  sympathy  with  the  strikers,  and 
why  not  he?  How  could  he  be  otherwise?  Besides  he  was, 
more  than  likely,  a  member  of  the  society  to  which  a  great 
majority  of  the  men  belonged.  And  then,  again,  he  had  a  bow- 
ing, a  speaking,  and,  may  be,  a  familiar  acquaintance  with  a 
large  number  of  the  men  engaged  in  this  fight  against  a  grasp- 
ing corporation  and  cold-blooded  monopoly !  At  any  rate  he 
was  with  them  at  heart  and  it  would  go  hard  with  him  should 
he  be  compelled  to  place  a  straw  in  their  way. 

In  the  meantime,  the  strike,  which  started  fairly 
enough,  and  peaceably  enough,  is  assuming  threatening 
phases.  The  company  engages  men  who  are  willing  to  take 
the  places  of  the  strikers.  They  are  beaten  or  stoned  and 
compelled  to  fly  for  their  lives.  Street  cars  are  overturned, 
and  the  company's  property  is  damaged  or  destroyed.  The 
conductors  and  drivers  who  struck  against  the  injustice  of 
the  company,  have,  with  very  few  exceptions,  taken  the  ad- 
vice of  the  press  and  all  right-thinking  men,  and  discour- 
aged these  violent  measures.  Most  of  them  have  gone 
quietly  to  their  homes.  Their  places  are  filled  by  roughs, 
toughs,  hoodlums,  criminals,  socialists  and  anarchists,  who 
will  not  let  this  opportunity  for  a  riot  slip  by  if  they  can  help 
it.  Business  men  along  West  Matlison  street  are  frightened. 
They  see  a  peaceable  strike  rapidly  transforming  before  their 
eyes  into  a  menancing  riot.  They  are  fearful  of  the  results. 
They  demand  police  protection. 


VICTOR   SCHUMACHER, 

Ez-Lieut.  of  Police. 


JOHN    BONFIELD.  .  04.^ 

The  street  car  company  notifies  the  Mayor  that  it  is  pre- 
pared to  run  its  cars,  but  is  prevented  from  doing  so  by  a 
mob.     It  demands  police  protection. 

Citizens  generally  who  sympathize  with  the  strikers  but 
have  no  sympathy  for  disturbers  of  the  peace,  for  rioters  or 
anarchists,  call  upon  the  Mayor  to  break  up  this  dangerous 
and  disgraceful  mob.     They  demand  police  protection. 

John  Bonfield  is  captain  of  the  third  precinct,  in  which 
this  disturbance  is  occurring  and  hourly  assuming  more 
threatening  proportions.  His  superiors  send  for  him.  He 
is  ordered  to  see  that  the  street  car  company  is  protected  in 
its  right  to  transact  business.  He  is  also  ordered  to  preserve 
the  peace.  He  is  informed  that  assistance  will  be  given  him 
from  other  precincts.  He  maps  out  the  plan  of  his  cam- 
paign. The  street  cars  must  be  permitted  to  run  if  the  com- 
pany has  men  enough  to  run  them.     That  is  settled. 

He  brings  the  patrol  service  into  play.  At  intervals  along 
the  route  his  wagons  loaded  with  men  are  stationed.  He  pro- 
ceeds with  a  force  of  "blue-coats"  to  Western  avenue.  He  finds 
assembled  there,  and  stretching  for  blocks  around,  a  howling 
mob  bent  upon  mischief,  regardless  of  any  principles  involved, 
and  utterly  careless  as  to  the  main  question  at  issue.  At  his 
request  the  company  starts  a  car  down  the  street.  It  is  heavily 
guarded  by  policemen,  who  are  ordered  to  see  that  the  non- 
union conductor  and  driver  are  protected.  Scarcely  has  it 
moved  half  a  block  before  the  driver  is  pulled  oif  the  car, 
and  threatened  with  summary  punishment  by  the  mob. 
Bonfield,  indignant  that  the  policemen  should  have  permit- 
ted this,  rushes  into  the  mob,  cuts  a  passage  through  it  and 
takes  the  driver  by  the  arm. 

"Do  you  want  to  drive  a  car  for  the  company  ?"  he  asks. 

"I  do,  if  I'm  protected,"  replies  the  driver. 

"Well,  then  come  with  me — you'll  be  protected!"  says 

Bonfield,  and  he  marches  his  man  through  the  midst  of  the 

howling,  cursing,   blackguarding,  angry  mob. 

38 


3^2  *  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

He  plants  his  man  on  the  front  platform  of  a  car. 
"Drive!"  he  says. 

Just  then  a  big  fisted  thug  comes  up  and  yells  at  Bonfield, 
"That  feller  aint  a  goin'  ter  drive — ye'd  better  let  tliis  thing 
alone,"  at  the  same  time  moving  toward  the  captain  in  a 
menacing  manner. 

Policemen  are  standing  by.  They  appear  to  be  confused 
in  their  minds  as  to  their  duty.  They  do  not  realize  that  the 
struggle  is  now  between  the  lawful  authority  of  the  city  and 
the  lawless  mob.  Bonfield  sees  that  a  terrible  emergency 
has  sprung  up.  If  he  weakens  now,  in  the  presence  of  his 
men  and  in  the  presence  of  the  rioters,  all  is  lost.  The  po- 
lice of  Chicago  will  have  acknowledged  their  inability  to 
preserve  the  peace,  and  protect  the  property  of  citizens. 
Moreover,  the  police  require  that  they  should  be  brought  to 
a  sense  of  their  duty.  They  have  permitted  their  friend- 
ships, their  sentiments  and  their  prejudices  to  blind  them. 
They  have  momentarily  forgotton  their  allegiance  to  the 
public.  And  yet  there  is  another  consideration  paramount 
to  all  these.  If  the  police  fail  to  stifle  this  tumult,  the 
result  will  be  a  general  riot — the  times  are  ripe  for  it — the 
militia  will  he  called  out  and  hundreds  may  he  killed.  Some- 
thing must  be  done  and  done  quickly.  All  this  flashes 
through  Capt.  Bonfield's  brain  Avhile  the  thug,  followed  by 
hundreds  of  his  kind,  are  approaching  him.  His  club  is 
lifted,  and  the  ruflian  lies  at  his  feet. 

That  was  the  first  blood.  It  not  only  disabled  the  thug, 
but  it  hammered  a  sense  of  duty  into  the  minds  of  the  police. 
They  saw  their  way  at  a  glance. 

The  company  furnishes  drivers  and  Capt.  Bonfield  ar- 
ranges the  strangest  procession  that  has  ever  appeared  in  the 
streets  of  Chicago.  First  comes  an  open  car  loaded  with 
forty  policemen  facing  forward,  then  a  closed  car  to  be  used 
as  a  prison  van,  or  ambulance,  containing  twenty  men ;  then 
another  open  car  with  twenty  blue-coats,  facing  backward. 
The  three  cars  are    started    together  in  a  block.      As  these 


JOHN    BONFIELD.  343 

move  away  three  more  cars  are  arranged  in  the  same  man- 
ner, and  then  three  more  until  there  are  about  seventy-five 
cars  in  line. 

Bonfield  with  a  platoon  marches  ahead.  Obstructions 
are  met  with  at  every  step.  Building  material  is  thrown 
across  the  track :  perfect  barricades  are  erected ;  the  mob  fol- 
lows, howls,  curses  and  throws  stones;  Bonfield  and  his  men 
keep  the  track  clear;  clubs  are  used  freely,  and  none  more 
frequently  than  Bonfield's;  it  is  a  constant  fight  from  West- 
ern to  Ogden  avenues,  and  many  a  head  and  shoulder  is  left 
to  ache,  but  the  street  cars  move  on  and  the  backbone  of  the 
riot  is  broken. 

So  called  innocent  men  are  hurt,  some  badly.  But  warn- 
ings enough  had  been  given.  Time  and  again  Capt.  Bon- 
field had  commanded  the  crowd  to  disperse.  Innocent  men 
were  cautioned  to  get  out  of  the  way.  It  was  no  time  to  de- 
cide by  a  man's  appearance  whether  he  was  innocent  or  not. 
Stones  and  other  missiles  were  being  constantly  hurled  at  the 
platoon  and  into  the  cars.  The  men  h  ad  been  ordered  not  to  fire. 
Innocent  looking  men  stood  in  the  front  ranks  of  the  mob 
and  allowed  thugs  to  use  them  as  shields  or  breastworks  while 
they  hurled  stones  over  their  shoulders.  If  innocent  men 
were  injured,  the  lives  of  hundreds  were  saved;  for,  had  it 
become  necessary  to  call  out  the  militia,  that  organization 
would  never  have  submitted  to  the  insults  and  outrages 
heaped  upon  the  police,  but  would  have  replied  with  volleys. 

It  was  Capt.  Bonfield's  aim  to  prove  to  the  people  of 
Chicago  that  the  police  force,  in  its  own  way,  could  protect 
the  lives  and  property  of  citizens,  could  suppress  rioting  and 
preserve  the  peace,  and  his  aim  was  successful. 

Whether  it  is  looked  upon  as  an  honor,  or  whether  by 
tacit  agreement,  the  injured  ones  determined  to  lay  their 
united  grievances  upon  his  shoulders,  certain  it  is  that  every 
man  clubbed  that  day  is  prepared  to  swear  that  Capt.  Bon- 
field did  the  clubbing,  although  the  Inspector  is  perfectly 
willing  to  acknowledge,  and  does  acknowledge  most  cheer- 


344  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

fully,  that  every  officer  in  his  advance  guard  performed  his 
duty  faithfully  and  bravely,  and  wielded  his  club  effectively. 

That  the  sober  second  thought  of  the  public  has  ap- 
plauded rather  than  condemned  Bonfield  for  his  conduct  on 
that  day,  is  now  a  matter  of  fact;  that  the  good  judgment 
of  the  best  citizens  endorsed  his  conduct  at  this  time,  is 
also  a  matter  of  fact.  The  efforts  made  to  injure  him  in 
the  estimation  of  his  superior  officers  and  the  public,  have, 
one  after  another,  fallen  flat.  While  discussion  over  this 
occurrence  was  still  warm,  and  while  criticism  of  his  acts 
was  in  its  most  violent  stage.  Mayor  Harrison  rewarded  hinj 
with  a  handsome  promotion.  Since  then,  Mayor  Harrison's 
successor,  Mayor  Roche,  a  man  of  another  political  party  and 
representative  at  once  of  the  employed  and  employing  classes, 
has  endorsed  that  promotion  with  his  official  sanction. 

John  Bonfield  is  the  son  of  a  County  Clare  Irishman. 
His  father  was  a  staunch  supporter  and  warm  admirer  of 
Daniel  O'Conuell,  and  participated  in  many  an  election  that 
returned,  and  many  a  demonstration  that  honored,  the  great 
Irish  Parliamentary  leader.  Much  as  was  expected  from  the 
efforts  and  final  successs  of  the  great  Kerry  statesman,  the 
elder  Bonfield,  like  many  another  honest  Irishman  who  had 
preceded,  and  many  who  have  followed  him,  felt  that  for  his 
own  good  and  the  good  of  his  little  family  he  must  leave  his 
native  countiy.  He  emigrated  to  New  Brunswick,  leaving  a 
part  of  his  family,  to  be  sent  for  later,  behind  him.  At 
Bathurst  in  that  province  of  her  gracious  Majesty,  in  the 
month  of  April,  1836,  his  son,  John,  first  saw  the  light  of 
day.  The  family  moved  from  New  Brunswick  to  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  in  1842;  and  in  the  summer  of  1844  settled  in  Chi- 
cago, 

J  ohn  attended  the  best  common  school  the  place  afforded 
in  those  days,  and  received  a  thorough  elementary  educa- 
tion. Leaving  school  ten  years  later,  in  1853  or  1854,  he 
became  apprenticed  to  the  machinist's  trade,  and  after  mas- 
tering this  art,  took  charge  of  stationary  engines,  first  in  the 


JOHN    BONFIELD.  345 

packing  house  of   O.  S.  Hougli  and  afterwards  in  the  glue 
works  of  AVall  Brothers. 

In  1858  he  determined  to  become  a  locomotive  engineer 
and  in  order  to  fulfill  the  requirements  of  that  trade,  served 
six  months  as  a  fireman  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton,  when  he  was 
placed  in  charge  of  an  engine.  Although  in  narrating  the 
events  of  his  career,  he  passes  hastily  over  this  period,  those 
who  knew  him  at  the  time  say  that  he  was  one  of  the  best 
locomotive  engineers  that  ever  pulled  a  throttle  open  or  blew 
a  whistle.  He  remained  on  the  road  for  ten  years,  making 
his  daily  runs  with  regularity,  and  to  the  entire  satisfaction 
of  the  corporation,  and  in  1808,  having  saved  some  money 
and  being  tired  of  the  hardships  of  an  engineer's  life,  he 
determined  to  try  his  hand  at  a  commercial  pursuit.  He 
opened  a  grocery  store  on  Archer  avenue,  expecting  to  retire 
as  a  millionaire  merchant  in  a  few  years ;  but  like  his  friend 
Ebersold,  he  gave  too  much  credit  and  failed  after  two  years' 
experience.  The  Bonfield  family  at  that  time  consisted  of 
his  father,  Thomas  and  Catherine,  born  in  Ireland;  John, 
Susan,  Michael  and  Joseph,  born  in  New  Brunswick ;  James 
H.,  born  in  Buffalo,  and  Martin  L.  and  youngest  sister, 
Maria,  born  in  Chicago.  Of  these,  Joe  was,  perhaps, 
the  best  known,  and,  while  he  lived,  the  most  popular.  He 
studied  and  practiced  law  in  this  city,  and  was  consid- 
ered a  young  lawyer  of  remarkable  ability.  He  was  ap- 
pointed corporation  counsel  by  Mayor  Heath,  which  position 
he  held  with  credit  to  himself  and  with  entire  satisfaction  to 
the  city,  until  a  change  of  administration  turned  the  position 
over  to  Frank  Adams.  He  died  shortly  afterward  of  a  long 
standing  disease  of  the  stomach,  and  his  death  was  very  gen- 
erally regretted  by  the  community.  Susan  Bonfield  is  now 
Mother  Agatha  of  St.  Xaviers  Academy  in  this  city. 
Michael  W.  is  an  undertaker  on  Archer  avenue.  James  H. 
is  on  the  city  detective  force.  For  several  years  he  was  dep- 
uty jailer.  Martin  L.  is  connected  with  the  Union  Iron  & 
Steel  Works.     His  youngest  sister,  now  deceased,  was  the 


346  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

wife  of  John  O'Malley,  one  of  Chicago's  heaviest  pork  pack- 
ers.    The  father  of  this  family  died  iu  1885. 

After  failing  iu  the  grocery  business  John,  who  had  been 
a  Douirlas  man  till  Lincoln's  first  election,  when  he  became 
a  republican,  was  appointed  Inspector  of  Customs  by  Presi- 
dent Grant.  This  position  he  held  till  1875,  when  iu 
partnership  with  his  brother  Joe  and  Mr.  James  T.  Healy, 
he  went  into  the  manufacture  of  fertilizing  material.  He  put 
all  the  money  he  had  into  this  enterprise  and  before  it  was 
able  to  pay  dividends,  a  fire  swept  all  the  tangible  property 
possessed  by  the  company  out  of  existence,  and  left  him 
almost  penniless  once  more. 

It  was  after  this  misfortune  that  he  turned  his  eyes  to- 
ward the  police  department.  In  the  spring  of  '77  he  was 
sworn  in  as  a  patrolman  and  assigned  to  the  Twenty-second 
street  station  for  duty.  There  he  served  about  two  years. 
He  was  then  transferred  to  the  Central  station,  and  placed 
upon  the  detective  force  where  from  the  very  first  he  did  ex- 
cellent work.  After  the  resignation  of  Supt.  Hickey  and  the 
appointment  of  Supt.  Seavey  he  was  promoted  to  a  Lieuten- 
ancy and  placed  in  command  of  the  Twenty-second  street  dis- 
trict. Shortly  after  the  first  election  of  Mayor  Harrison,  he 
was  transferred  to  the  old  Union  street  station  (now  Des- 
plaines)  and  after  a  year  was  ordered  to  the  West  Twelfth 
street,  then  known  as  the  "terror"  district.  It  was  while  serving 
in  this  district  that  the  organization  of  the  patrol  service  was 
placed  iu  his  hands.  Six  months  after  this  latest  transfer, 
he  was  made  a  captain,  with  headquarters  at  Central  station. 
Here  he  served  until  Captain  Ebersold  was  promoted  to  the 
Inspectorship,  when  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  third 
precinct,  with  headquarters  at  the  Desplaiues  street  station, 
and  once  more,  on  Inspector  Ebersold's  promotion  to  the 
Superintendency,  he  was  selected  to  succeed  him.  The  tlu- 
ties  of  the  Inspectorship  embrace  also  those  of  the  Secreta- 
ryship of  the  Police  Department.  The  Inspector  has  entire 
control  of  the  purchase  of   supplies,   the   equipment  of  the 


JOHN    BONFIELD.  34>^ 

men,  the  management  of  the  patrol  service,  etc.  He  is  at 
once  the  auditor,  quarter-master,  commissary  commander, 
of  the  force,  and  aid-de-carap  to  the  Superintendent,  with 
the  supervision  of  the  detective  force  under  his  special  charge. 
In  this  sketch  of  Inspector  Bonfield's  career,  several  im- 
portant events  connected  therewith  have  been  omitted.  They 
are,  however,  covered  under  other  heads. 


348  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 


CHAPTER    XVIII. 

THE  YEAR  1887— JOHN  A.  ROCHE,  MAYOR  OK  CHICAGO— THE  POLITICAL 
REVOLUTION  THAT  BROUGHT  ABOUT  HIS  ELECTION— A  MAN  OF 
STERLING  QUALITIES— THE  POLICE  STAFF  OFFICERS— CAPTAIN  HUB- 
BARD OF  THE  CENTRAL  DETAIL— CAPTAIN  BUCKLEY  OF  THE  FIRST 
PRECINCT— CAPTAIN  O'DONNELL  OF  THE  SECOND  PRECINCT— CAPTAIN 
LEWIS  OF  THE  THIRD  PRECINCT— CAPTAIN  HATHAWAY  OF  THE 
FOURTH     PRECINCT— CAPTAIN    SCHAACK     OF    THE     FIFTH     PRECINCT. 

The  election  of  John  A.  Eoche  to  the  mayoralty  of  Chi- 
cago marked  an  epoch  in  the  city's  history.  The  circum- 
stances surrounding  his  nomination  by  the  republican  party 
and  election  by  the  people  were  peculiar.  A  man  of  ap- 
proved business  standing  and  uo  little  political  experience, 
he  was  not  popular,  because  unknown  to  the  vast  majority 
of  the  voters.  His  business,  conducted  in  the  Lake  street 
wholesale  district  for  eleven  years,  was  not  such  as  to  bring 
him  into  actual  contact  with  the  people,  and  when  his  name 
was  mentioned  in  connection  and  competition  with  those  of 
E.  Nelson  Blake  and  Graeme  Stuart  as  a  suitable  man  with 
whom  to  fight  Carter  H.  Harrison,  the  friends  of  the  lat- 
ter asked,  "Who  is  Roche,  anyhow?"  Harrison  had  en- 
joyed four  terms  of  encumbency,  and  his  declaration  that  he 
wanted  no  more  was  not  taken  as  being  made  in  good  faith. 
DeWitt  C.  Cregier  was  nominated  by  the  democratic  con- 
vention, but  declined.  Then  Mr.  Harrison  had  an  oppor- 
tunity to  make  a  pyrotechnic  display  in  declining  a  nomina- 
tion that  meant  certain  defeat.  His  following  had  disap- 
peared, and  he  was  only  named  as  a  last  resort  by  the  now 
desperate  democracy.  The  causes  leading  to  his  decadence 
would  be  improper  to  discuss  here.  But  the  result  was 
a  reminder  of  J^isop's  fable  of  the  dying  lion.  Tlie  nomi- 
nee of  the  republican  party  was  really  a  people's  candidate. 


"i-^  v:^i%:vs 


,\    v.S: 


^  \\r 


GEORGE  W.   HUBBARD, 
Captain,    Central  Detail. 


THE    MAVOlt    AND    THE    POLICE    CAPTAINS.  849 

He  represented  opposition  to  the  methods  which  had  UAo.r- 
ated  the  anarchistic  harangues  on  the  hike  front  and  else- 
where, that  led  to  the  Haymarket  riot,  and  the  practical  sus- 
pension of  the  ordinances  against  gambling  and  other  forms 
of  public  vice  which  flaunted  themselves  with  the  impudence 
born  of  long  immunity.  He,  moreover,  represented  an  ele- 
ment of  his  own  party  opposed  to  what  was  known  as  the 
"silk  stockings."  He  had  not  been  nominated  a  week  be- 
fore plans  were  put  forth  to  have  him  withdrawn.  But  he 
developed  a  force  of  character  little  suspected  by  those  who 
had  not  known  him,  and  his  veto  to  such  a  proceeding  was 
no  less  effectual  than  the  staunch  support  of  his  friends. 
He  stayed  on  the  ticket  and  was  elected  by  votes  from  all 
parties  but  the  socialist,  and  on  a  distinctly  reform  platform 
of  personal  pledges,  outside  of  mere  convention  rhetoric. 

In  the  efPort  of  his  opponents  in  his  own  party  and  the 
opposing  forces  arrayed  against  him  to  belittle  his  person- 
ality, it  was  stated  amt)ng  other  things  that  he  was  merely 
a  small  ajjent  for  a  small  boiler-makinor  concern,  a  sort  of 
salesman  and  erector  combined.  The  impression  was  created 
that  his  trade  was,  as  like  as  not,  to  canvass  the  business 
houses  for  orders  which,  when  received,  he  would  personally 
see  to  the  execution  of,  so  far  as  to  superintend  the  placing 
of  the  boilers  in  })osition.  The  truth  is,  and  Avas,  that  Mr. 
Roche  began  the  large  machinery  business,  of  which  he  is  the 
head,  as  agent  for  Fay  &,  Co.'s  goods,  but  soon  branched  out 
into  liandling  all  classes  of  wood  and  iron  working  machinery 
At  the  start  he  had  a  small  single  store  on  Lake  street,  be- 
tween Franklin  and  Market.  The  expectations  of  his  prin- 
cipal would  have  been  more  than  realized  if  he  and  his  as- 
sociate, Mr.  "Wood,  had  done  a  business  aggregating  $40,000 
a  year.  Four  times  that  amount  was  soon  exceeded,  and 
other  lines  added,  which  more  than  doiibled  the  receipts  from 
the  original  source,  until  now  it  is  one  of  the  largest  houses 
of  the  kind  in  the  United  States.  The  remarkable  results 
of  tliose  eleven  years  have  been  largely  due  to  Mr.  Roche's 


350  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

energy  and  push.  There  was  never  any  of  the  mugwump 
about  Mayor  Roche.  He  is  a  positive  man  in  his  political 
opinions,  and  not  at  all  backward  in  declaring  his  intentions. 
He  is  liable  to  act  on  first  impressions,  and  that  quickly ;  a 
good  friend,  and  an  equally  good  hater,  thougli  he  is  of  a 
forgiving  disj^josition  and  has  never  been  known  to  harbor 
resentment  long. 

Maycu'  Koche,  upon  assuming  the  duties  of  his  office, 
wisely  decided  to  make  but  few  changes  in  the  department 
of  police.  He  almost  immediately  reappointed  Frederick 
Ebersold  to  be  general  superintendent,  and  John  Bonfield  to 
bo  inspector  and  secretary  of  police — an  act  which  at  once 
won  over  to  him  the  confidence  of  all  law-abiding  people,  re- 
gardless of  party.  For  reasons  which  need  not  be  referred 
to  here,  it  became  necessary  to  make  a  change  in  tlie  cap- 
taincy of  one  of  the  precincts,  a  change  regretted  by  all  who 
knew  the  deposed  commander,  but  nevertheless  one  which 
the  interest  of  the  force  demanded.  Some  minor  changes 
were  also  made,  and  some  promotions,  all  of  which  are  men- 
tioned in  their  proper  place.  The  careers  of  the  superin- 
tendent and  inspector  are  reviewed  in  the  preceding  chapters. 
It  is  fitting  that  something  should  be  said  regarding  the 
staff  or  precinct  officers : 

George  Washington  Hubbard,  captain  of  the  Central  de- 
tail, was  born  at  Cambridge,  Maryland,  on  the  birthday  of 
his  namesake,  the  Father  of  his  Country,  in  February,  1848. 
He  was  the  second  son  of  Thomas  Hubbard,  who  came  from 
Connecticut  and  settled  in  Maryland  early  in  the  '-lO's. 
There  were  ten  children  of  them,  seven  sons  and  three 
daughters.  George  Washington  went  to  school  at  Cam- 
bridge until  he  was  17  years  old,  and  then  took  a  course  at 
Bryant  &  Stratton's  business  college,  in  Baltimore.  In 
18G6  he  came  west,  his  first  stop  being  at  Alligan,  Mich., 
where  he  worked  for  a  year  in  a  shingle  mill  as  receiving 
and  shipping  clerk.  The  next  work  he  did  was  in  the  office 
of  Boot,  the  ice  merchant,  at  Kalamazoo.      From  this  avoca- 


THE    MAYOi;    AND    THE    I'OLICE    CAPTAINS.  851 

tioii  lie  drifted  into  [)ublic  life  as  clerk  in  the  American  Ho- 
tel there.  He  ()ccu[)ied  coiifideutial  relations  with  the  pro- 
jjrietors,  succeeding  to  the  duties  of  one  of  them  when  he 
left. 

In  the  s[)ring  of  1871  he  came  to  Chicago,  and  secured  a 
position  with  Uawson  &  Shields,  confectioners,  on  South 
Clark  street.  The  lire  destroyed  this  business,  and  Hubbard 
then  worked  on  the  tug  "Shields"'  for  a  season.  From  this 
he  passed  to  the  employ  of  the  South  Division  Street  Rail- 
road Company,  remaining  with  it  until  1872,  when  he  went 
to  St.  Louis.  The  epizootic  was  raging  there,  and  men  were 
more  valuable  as  draught  animals  for  a  time  than  in  almost 
any  other  capacity.  For  twenty-eight  days  he  formed  one 
of  a  team  of  thirty  men  that  pulled  a  fire  engine  to  its  scene 
of  operations  on  occasion. 

Back  again  to  Chicago  he  came,  and  on  Jvdy  25,  1873, 
he  was  appointed  as  a  patrolman  on  the  police  force,  being 
attached  to  the  Deering  street  station.  He  faithfully  trav- 
eled a  beat  for  a  year  and  a  half,  except  a  portion  of  the 
time,  when  he  acted  as  station-keeper.  He  was  finally  made 
station-keeper,  and  '"held  the  fort,''  with  the  exception  of 
one  occasion,  until  1877.  The  exception  was  on  the  occasion 
of  the  West  Side  railroad  riots.  A  mob  attacked  the  station, 
and  as  Hubbard  was  the  only  living  soul  in  the  building,  he 
made  a  virtue  of  necessity,  and  siirrendered  at  discretion. 
The  mob  took  possession,  but  found  nothing  upon  which  to 
lay  hands,  violent  or  larcenous,  and  left.  The  station-keeper 
locked  up  his  violated  fortress,  and  also  took  a  walk.  He 
was  transferred  to  Union  street  in  September,  1877,  and 
acted  there  as  station-keeper  until  1880,  when  Capt.  Simon 
O'Donnell  took  him  to  AVest  Twelfth  street,  where  he  trav- 
eled a  beat  for  twenty -two  days.  He  drove  the  first  (experi- 
mental) patrol  wagon  in  the  service,  in  1881,  and  when 
West  Lake  street  was  made  a  patrol  station  he  was  put  in 
charge.  In  April,  1882,  he  was  transferred  to  the  Desplaines 
street  station  and  made  desk  sergeant,  a  position  he  held 


iio'i  THE     CHICAGO     J'Ol.KT. 

until  October  20,  1SS3.  He  was  appointed  a  lieutenant  in  the 
Hpring  of  1884  and  transferred  to  the  Central  station,  where 
he  had  charge  of  the  day  scpiad.  The  first  day  of  the  pres- 
ent year  (1887)  he  was  given  the  full  rank  and  pay  of  cap- 
tain ;  he  had  enjoyed  the  rank  but  not  the  pay  for  months. 

As  a  lieutenant,  Captain  Hubbard,  with  Sergeant  Fitz- 
patrick,  led  the  last  two  companies  on  the  night  of  the  Hay- 
market  riot.  His  career  has  been  signalized  by  few  bril- 
liant feats  of  detective  work,  or  remarkable  experiences- 
with  the  rougher  class  of  criminals,  in  the  Avay  of  arrests. 
He  has  had  his  full  share  of  the  ordinary  run  of  "  cases." 
and  has  acquitted  himself  creditably  in  every  instance. 

In  the  organization  of  the  patrol  service,  he  rendered  vei-y 
important  assistance  to  Inspector  Bonfield,  then  a  lieuten- 
ant, and  Chief  Doyle.  He  furnished  the  plans  for  the 
quarters  for  the  wagons,  etc.  His  mechanical  talent  has 
enabled  him  to  invent  many  very  useful  appliances,  bjr 
which  the  time  of  getting  out  on  a  call  has  been  shortened, 
and  the  service  generally  much  benefited. 

A  man  of  marked  intelligence,  and  much  above  the 
average  in  education,  he  has  found  his  vocation  in  lines  to 
which  these  qualities  fitted  him.  His  fine  executive  ability 
and  good  address  have  caused  his  selection,  since  he  has 
been  captain,  to  manage  the  police  part  of  parades,  proces- 
sions and  demonstrations.  The  detail  at  the  Central  station 
is  regarded  as  a  "fancy"  one,  the  captain  there  having 
charge  of  156  men,  who  are  the  flower  of  the  force — the 
"Broadway  squad"  of  Chicago. 

Captain  Hubbard's  year  and  a  half  of  patrol  duty  wa» 
crowded  with  lively  experiences.  He  had  only  been  on  the 
street  a  month  or  two,  when,  early  one  morning,  he  met 
four  burglars  hurrying  away  from  Egan's  grocery  store,  on 
Lyman  and  Farrell  streets.  He  made  for  them,  and  caught 
one,  who  gave  the  name  of  Henderson.  It  was  very  coM, 
and  snowing  hard,  and  the  burglars  had  no  shoes  on.  A 
moment  later,  a  voice  heard  in  the  distance,  calling  murder. 


THE    MAYOi:    AND    THE    POLICE    CAPTAINS.  353 

materialized  in  the  form  of  Egaii,  dressed  in  one  short  gar- 
ment. He  had  heard  the  burghirs  in  the  store  from  his 
room  in  the  rear,  and  found  tliey  had  stolen  all  his  clothes. 
The  latter  were  found  in  a  buniUe  near  by,  and  Hentlerson's 
shoes  were  in  the  store.  Henderson  went  to  Joliet  for 
eighteen  months. 

Another  time,  Alderman  Pat  Ratferty's  plumber's  st(>re, 
on  Blue  Island  avenue  near  Twenty-second  street,  had  been 
robbed,  and,  this  being  Hubbard's  beat,  he  was  feeling 
badly  about  it.  He  kept  his  eye  on  the  place,  and  a  few 
nights  later,  caught  two  men  rifling  the  place  again.  One 
of  the  men  was  a  son  of  a  leading  politician,  and  Rafferty 
refused  to  prosecute. 

The  first  beating  Hubbard  ever  got  was  in  protecting  a 
woman  named  Murphy,  who  lived  on  Emerald  street,  near 
Thirty-seventh,  from  her  brutal  husband.  He  had  pulled 
the  fellow  ofip,  and  was  struggling  on  the  floor  with  him, 
when  the  wife  deliberately  locked  the  door,  put  the  key  in 
her  pocket,  and  then,  seizing  a  heavy  stove-lifter,  began 
beating  the  oflicer  over  the  head.  The  arrival  of  the  man 
on  the  next  beat.  Murphy  by  name,  alone  saved  Hubbard's 
life. 

An  amusing,  and  yet,  at  the  time,  rather  serious,  inci- 
dent of  Captain  Hubbard's  career  as  a  lieutenant,  was  the 
exposure  and  arrest  of  Dr.  O'Shea,  a  fraudulent  spiritualist 
medium.  Captain  Bonfield  engineered  the  matter,  and, 
telling  Hubbard  the  fellow  was  sixty  years  old,  and  weighed 
about  140  pounds,  left  him  to  seize  the  "materialized  spirit." 
'"Dr."  O'Shea  was  an  athlete,  weighing  240  pounds,  and 
when  the  police  broke  in,  he  and  Hubbard  were  on  the  floor 
in  a  catch-as-catch-can  wrestle.  O'Shea  had  all  of  his 
clothes  torn  off,  except  his  collar  and  socks.  "Sixty  years 
old,  and  140  pounds!"  gasped  Hubbard,  as  Bonfield  came 
in,  adding  an  impolite  expression  that  would  have  caused 
iiim  to  be  court-martialed  in  the  army.  But  Bonfield  for- 
gave him. 


354  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

Captain  William  Buckley  is  as  plain  and  unostentatious 
as  his  name.  There  are  no  pyrotechnics  in  his  make-up  or 
career.  Simjile  but  zealous  performance  of  duty  has  char- 
acterized his  official  life.  For  twenty -two  years  he  has  had 
charge  of  the  most  turbulent  precinct  in  the  city.  A  purifi- 
cation of  it  would  have  been  not  only  a  more  hopeless  task 
than  the  cleansing  of  the  augean  stables,  but  disastrous  to 
the  rest  of  the  city,  where  the  denizens  of  a  portion  of  the 
first  precinct  would  be  scattered,  if  driven  from  their  chosen 
haunts.  Captain  Buckley  was  born  in  Waterford  county, 
Ireland,  in  1832,  but  bears  his  years  lightly.  He  was  a 
well-to-do  farmer^s  son,  and  went  to  school  up  to  the  time 
he  came  out  to  this  country,  in  1852.  He  landed  in  New 
York  City,  and  worked  in  an  iron  foundry  for  the  first  year 
after  his  arrival.  Then  he  spent  a  year  or  two  on  a  Long 
Island  farm,  and  came  to  Chicago  in  the  spring  of  1857. 
Here  he  entered  the  employ  of  Col.  R.  J.  Hamilton,  the 
step-father-in-law  of  Judge  Tuley,  having  charge  of  a  coal- 
yard  for  that  gentleman,  where  the  Sibley  building  now 
stands,  at  the  Clark  street  bridge.  He  afterward  worked  for 
Law  &  Strother,  another  coal  firm,  and  in  1859  helped  in- 
augurate the  first  street  railway,  begun  in  that  year  l^y  the 
Chicago  City  Railroad  Company,  which  operated  both  South 
and  West  Sides.  He  drove  one  of  the  four  cars  on  Madison 
street,  when  five  Avere  sufficient  for  the  traffic  on  Randolph 
and  seven  on  State  street.  Two  years  he  braved  the  weather 
on  the  front  of  the  car,  and  was  then  made  a  conductor. 
He  collected  fares — without  a  punch — until  1865,  joining  the 
police  force  in  April  of  that  year.  He  Avas  first  attached  to 
the  old  Armory  station,  on  Franklin  street,  and  served  there 
as  patrolman  until  1807,  when  he  was  made  a  roundsman, 
and  given  charge  of  the  territory  now  comprising  the  Twenty- 
second  street  district.  After  a  year  at  this  responsible 
Avork,  in  Avhicli  he  acquitted  himself  so  Avell  as  to  attract  the 
favorable  attention  of  his  superiors,  he  Avas  brought  down 
to  the   Armory  again  by  Captain   Jack  Nelson,  and   made 


THE    MAYOK    AND    THE    POLICE    CAPTAINS.  ;355 

desk  sergeant  and  Idck-up  keeper.  He  was  promoted  to  a 
lieutenancy  by  the  board  in  1870,  and  in  1873,  lie  was  rec- 
ommended to  succeed  Captain  Hickey,  removed,  by  Chief 
Elmer  Washburn,  appointed  by  Mayor  Medill,  and  con- 
firmed by  the  council  unanimously.  A  personal  feeling 
between  him  and  Chief  Hickey,  caused  Captain  Buckley's 
removal  in  1877,  but  Mayor  Harrison  promptly  restored  him 
to  the  force  Avhen  he  took  office  in  1879.  He  was  a  lieuten- 
ant again,  and  a  short  period  of  detail  at  Twenty-second 
street  led  to  his  complete  reinstatement  to  his  old  position 
as  captain  of  the  Armory  precinct,  December  18,  1880. 
Four  years  later  he  was  transferred  to  the  East  Chicago 
avenue  precinct,  making  way  for  Captain  Ebersold,  the  pres- 
ent chief,  who,  with  Inspector  Bonfield,  served  at  one  time 
as  patrolmen  under  him.  A  little  over  a  year  saw  him  back 
again,  upon  Captain  Ebersold's  promotion,  and  he  has  served 
with  satisfaction  to  the  public,  his  superior  officers  and  him- 
self, ever  since. 

Captain  Buckley's  career  has  been  so  full  of  the  rough 
and  tumble  of  police  work,  that  there  has  been  little  room 
for  brilliant  episodes.  Some  of  the  earliest  experiences  to 
develop  the  sturdy  personal  courage  of  the  man,  occurred 
in  the  spring  of  18()5,  when  the  police  were  largely  em- 
ployed in  corralling  soldiers  and  returning  them  to  their 
regiments.  But  this  w^ork  was  discounted  by  the  period 
after  the  war,  before  Grant  ordered  that  no  liquor  should  be 
sold  to  discharged  soldiers  on  their  way  home.  The  return- 
ing heroes  several  times  seemed  about  to  take  possession  of 
the  city,  and  few  of  the  police  officers  of  that  day  escaped 
iiumerous  beatings  at  the  hands  of  the  disbanded  blue-coats, 
while  the  latter  were  spending  their  battle-earned  money  in 
bad  whisky.  Captain  Buckley  had  a  dozen  men's  share  of 
pounding,  because  he  was  in  the  thick  of  every  fight,  and 
had  a  way  of  running  his  men  in,  despite  any  amount  of 
punishment.  But  he  miraculously  came  out  of  it  all  without 
permanent  injury,  though  more  than  once  given  up  for  dying. 


350  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

A  notable  encounter,  in  wliieh  he  came  out  victorious, 
after  a  terrific  battle,  occurred  during  the  progress  of  the 
sanitary  fair  on  Dearborn  park.  While  on  the  corner  of 
Madison  and  Clark  streets,  at  midnight,  on  this  occasion,  he 
saw  a  disorderly  crowd  in  a  hack.  He  endeavored  to  quiet 
the  riotous  riders,  when  the  hackman  dismounted  and  at- 
tacked him  in  the  rear.  A  rough  and  tumble  fight  took 
place,  and  Buckley  was  terribly  punished,  but  succeeded  in 
landing  the  whole  cargo  at  the  station. 

The  murder  of  McKeever  by  Hickey,  at  the  old  driving 
park,  then  located  between  Thirty-first  and  Thirty-fifth 
streets,  and  State  street  and  Indiana  avenue,  in  18G6,  led  to  an- 
other notable  episode.  He  came  upon  Hickey  and  his  brother 
in  a  room  on  Sherman,  near  Van  Buren  street,  at  one  o'clock 
in  the  morning.  Both  drew  revolvers,  but  Buckley  suc- 
ceeded in  taking  the  murderer,  a  giant  and  athlete,  to  the 
station.  The  fellow  had  but  a  single  garment  on  when  the 
fight  began ;  when  it  ended,  that  had  been  torn  to  shreds. 
But  there  was  no  time  for  toilet  making,  and  the  prisoner 
was  taken  to  the  station,  with  no  more  on  than  he  was  born  in. 

The  rolling  mills  safe  robbery,  in  1881,  gave  Captain 
Buckley  an  opportunity  to  show  his  paces  both  as  a  detective 
and  thief  taker.  He  worked  the  case  up  successfully,  with 
scarcely  a  clew  worth  speaking  of  in  sight.  When  he  ar- 
rested Alexander  McKay,  the  principal,  the  safe-blower  had 
his  hand  on  his  pistol  and  was  walking  on  the  lake  front. 
He  and  his  pistol  were  soon  in  the  custody  of  the  captain, 
and  the  thief  and  several  others  were  safely  lodged  in  Joliet. 

Among  the  newspaper  men  who,  as  reporters,  Captain 
Buckley  made  firm  friends  of,  are  recalled  M.  G.  Eussell, 
AV.  K.  Sullivan,  C.  A.  Snowden,  M.  E.  Stone,  Billy  Taylor, 
Sam.  Medill,  Fred.  Hall  and  Joe  Dunlap. 

Simon  O'Donnell,  captain  of  the  second  precinct,  was 
born  November  23,  1836,  in  County  Clare,  Ireland,  and 
came  to  this  country  when  thirteen  years  of  age.  April  7, 
1862,  was  the  date  of  his  advent  on  the  scene  as  a  Chicago 


THE    MAYOR    AND    THE    POLICE    CAPTAINS.  357 

policeman.  He  served  first  attached  to  the  old  Armory, 
corner  of  Franklin  and  Adams  streets.  He  was  in  the  Lake 
street  squad  in  18 ()3,  when  Lake  and  Clark  streets  were  the 
only  paved  thoroughfares  in  the  city.  He  was  stationed  for 
six  years  on  the  corner  of  Lake  and  Clark  streets,  and  was 
accounted  the  most  popular  man  on  the  force.  He  was 
young  and  handsome,  and  several  pounds  lighter  than  now. 
He  was  made  a  sergeant  in  1809,  a  rank  about  equal  then 
to  a  lieutenancy  now,  and  was  stationed  in  the  Twelfth 
street  district,  which  was  covered  by  only  seventeen  men, 
and  no  patrol  wagons.  The  men  had  to  carry  helpless 
"drunks"  on  their  shoulders  to  the  station  then.  The 
same  district  is  now  occupied  by  four  stations,  and  patrolled 
by  212  men,  who  have  wagons  at  call.  Then  it  was  infested 
by  thieves  of  the  worst  class,  and  many  a  time  has  O'Don- 
nell  been  for  twenty-four  hours  on  his  feet.  He  was  trans- 
ferred to  Harrison  street  April  24,  1877,  when  Mayor 
Heath  was  in  office,  and  was  promoted  to  be  deputy  super- 
intendent of  police  August  4,  1879,  and  Avas  made  general 
superintendent  December  15,  1879,  vice  V.  A.  Seavey,  He 
resigned  this  position,  of  his  own  accord,  the  following  Novem- 
ber, and  took  the  captaincy  of  the  Twelfth  street  district. 

While  in  this  position,  he  broke  up  more  gangs  of  thieves 
than  any  three  men  on  the  iorce.  He  was  indefatigable  in 
the  performance  of  his  duties;  of  strong  constitution,  her- 
culean strength,  and  undaunted  courage,  he  soon  became  a 
terror  to  evil-doers. 

One  of  his  notable  exploits  was  the  capture  of  Con. 
Brown,  the  notorious  desperado,  who,  between  1865  and 
1868,  had  escaped  six  times  from  Joliet.  He  had  nearly 
killed  Officer  Stimpson,  when  O'Donuell  came  up,  and 
knocked  him  down  with  a  blow  that  would  have  rattled  an 
ox,  put  his  foot  on  the  ruffian's  neck,  and  made  him  plead 
for  mercy.  After  that,  O'Donnell  was  always  called  upon 
when  Brown  was  to  be  captured,  until  the  latter  was  shot, 
down  near  Lemont. 

29 


358  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

The  Patterson  murder,  some  fifteen  years  ago,  also 
added  a  leaf  to  the  gallant  captain's  laurel  wreath.  Jack 
Patterson  and  Thomas  Hurley  were  rivals  for  the  affections 
of  the  same  girl,  and  Patterson  was  shot  at  3  o'clock  one 
morning,  in  a  low  resort,  corner  of  Canal  and  Twelfth 
street,  and  the  murderer  escaped.  The  wounded  man  was 
taken  to  an  adjoining  drug  store,  and,  though  dying,  re- 
fused to  tell  who  had  shot  him,  saying:  "It  would  do  no 
good  now.  I'm  dying,  anyhow."  The  proprietor  of  the 
place  could  only  say  that  the  murderer  had  three  fingers  off 
one  hand. 

"I'm  going  after  that  man,"  said  Simon  O'Donnell,  and 
started  for  the  saloon  kept  at  Seward  and  Eighteenth  streets 
by  old  Hurley.  "The  night  is  cold,"  said  he,  in  Irish,  as  he 
knocked  at  the  door;  "let  me  have  a  drop  of  that  which  is 
warm,"  "Musha,  failthe,"  replied  Hurley,  senior,  as  he 
opened  the  door.  "How's  all  here?"  "Well."  "And 
Tommy  ?  "  "Just  gone  to  his  bed  this  half  hour."  Tommy- 
was  found  asleep,  with  the  fatal  pistol  under  his  pillow,  but 
denied  knowing  Patterson  or  having  a  pistol,  until  O'Donnell 
showed  it  to  him,  and  took  him  into  the  dying  man's  pres- 
ence. "You've  got  the  man,"  said  Patterson.  "Yes,  I  did 
it,  and  you  deserved  to  be  killed  long  ago,"  blurted  out 
Hurley,  suddenly.  Patterson  died  in  three  hours,  and  Hur- 
ley went  to  Joliet  for  eighteen  years. 

Then  Captain  O'Donnell  broke  up  a  gang  of  bank  rob- 
bers, by  arresting  Paddy  Guerin,  Jimmy  Carroll  and  Billy 
Burke,  who  had  robbed  the  Galesburg  bank  of  $12,000. 
The  first  went  down  for  three  years,  but  the  others  jumped 
their  bail.  They  had  all  fixed  up  a  beautiful  alibi,  by 
means  of  a  farmer's  boy,  but  the  captain  saw  through  the 
trick,  and  turned  the  countryman  to  good  account  in  identi- 
fying the  fellows. 

While  at  the  Armory  station,  O'Donnell  cleaned  out 
a  gang  of  professional  bondsmen  and  bribery  go-betweens, 
in  the  face  of  an  offer  by  George  Eager,  chief  of  the  gang, 


THE    MAYOR    AND    THE    POLICE    CAPTAINS.  ;}59 

of  $10,000  a  year  to  keep  his  mouth  shut.  The  same  fel- 
\o\v.  hiter,  offered  the  genial  captain  lialf  of  the  money 
stolen  from  a  man  named  Tolquiss,  to  keep  quiet.  "Arrest 
this  man,"  shouted  O'Donuell  to  one  of  his  own  officers; 
"he's  trying  to  send  me  to  Joliet."  Eager  Avas  sentenced 
to  two  years  for  attempted  bribery,  and  one  year  for  receiv- 
ing stolen  goods,  but  died  before  he  went  down  the  road. 
The  captain's  good  nature  was  never  again  mistaken  for  a 
sign  of  accessibility  with  corrupt  propositions. 

The  Twelfth  street  district  Avas  infested  with  anarchists. 
One  shoemaker  hung  out  a  red  flag.  Captain  O'Donnell 
ordered  it  down,  saying:  "The  stars  and  stripes  are  good 
enough  for  any  Bohemian  "bosthoon'."  On  one  occasion, 
when  Charlie  Reed  was  state's  attorney — to  go  back  a  few 
years — three  toughs  set  upon  and  beat  a  policeman  in  Cap- 
tain O'Donnell's  precinct.  One  of  the  fellows  was  captured, 
a  month  or  two  after,  and  locked  up.  The  captain  was  sit- 
ting in  front  of  the  station  one  night,  when  he  heard  groans 
from  the  cell-room.  Rushing  down  stairs,  he  caught  the 
officer  who  had  been  beaten  cruelly  abusing  the  prisoner. 
Seizing  the  blackguard  in  blue,  the  captain  hurled  him  out 
of  the  cell,  and  against  the  opposite  wall,  nearly  knocking 
him  senseless.  "'You  coward!"  he  exclaimed;  "I've  a 
notion  to  break  your  neck!"  The  officer  begged  his  cap- 
tain not  to  say  anything  about  it,  or  to  deny  it.  "'I'll  not 
perjure  myself  for  the  whole  police  force,  but  I  won't  vol- 
unteer evidence,  if  not  asked  for."  He  was  asked,  and  told 
the  story  in  court.  But  there  is  no  more  beating  prisoners 
in  cells  at  Twelfth  street. 

Lyman  Lewis,  the  captain  of  the  Desplaines  street  pre- 
cinct, was  born  November  20.  1844,  at  Norwich,  Conn.,  of 
American  parents.  His  father  was  a  general  merchant,  and 
Lyman  worked  in  the  store  imtil  he  was  19  years  old,  re- 
ceiving in  the  meantime  a  good  common  school  education. 
His  first  venture  away  from  home  was  at  AVhite  River  Junc- 
tion, Vt.,  where  he  was  clerk  in  a  hotel  for  five  years.     He 


300  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

married  Miss  Clara  T.  Worth,  of  Bradford,  before  coming 
West,  and  the  young  couple  arrived  in  Chicago  in  1S()8. 
Lewis  went  to  work  for  J.  H.  Smalley  in  the  latter's  butcher 
shop  at  44  East  Chicago  avenue,  where  he  remained  for  a 
year.  Then  he  began  business  for  himself  in  the  same  line, 
remaining  on  the  same  street,  and  prospering  moderately 
until  the  fire  came.  Then  he  lost  everything,  with  hun- 
dreds of  others.  He  Avent  to  work  again  for  Mr.  Smalley, 
and  would  be  a  rival  of  Armour,  Swift  and  Morris  to-day  had 
he  not,  on  March  18,  1872,  joined  tli9  police  force.  His 
first  detail  was  at  the  Dearborn  avenue  station,  in  the  fifth 
precinct.  The  station  house  w^as  then  temporarily  estab- 
lished where  the  Babcock  fire  engine  house  is  noAv,  between 
Superior  and  Huron  streets.  The  station  was  moved  in  the 
following  year  to  the  present  site  on  East  Chicago  avenue. 
From  this  point  he  faithfully  traveled  his  beat  for  four  years. 
Then  he  was  transferred  to  the  Twenty-second  street  sta- 
tion, where  he  acted  as  patrolman,  and  also  served  as  desk 
sergeant.  He  drew  patrolman's  pay,  however,  until  October 
26,  1885,  when  he  was  made  patrol  sergeant  at  the  Twenty- 
second  street  station.  He  lost  his  first  wife  in  1883,  and 
was  married  to  Miss  Annie  L.  Hoye,  Syracuse,  New  York, 
in  July,  1885. 

Lieutenant  Lewis,  of  the  Stanton  avenue  station,  was 
his  designation  from  June  19,  1887,  to  the  date  of  his  last 
promotion. 

He  was  so  well  thought  of  that,  when,  in  September 
of  the  same  year,  there  was  a  "shaking-up"  of  the  de- 
partment, after  Mayor  Roche's  visit  to  eastern  cities,  his 
name  was  suggested  to  the  chief  magistrate  as  that  of  a 
good  man  for  captain.  The  mayor  said  nothing,  but  drove 
out  to  the  station  one  afternoon  and  had  a  talk  wdtli  the 
broad-shouldered,  black-moustached  lieutenant.  The  result 
was  satisfactory.  This  was  the  man  to  carry  out  Captain 
Schaack's  rigorous  reform  movement  on  the  West  Side,  and 
he  was  appointed  captain. 


TIJE    MAYOR    AND    THE    I'OLICE    CAPTAINS.  H()l 

Captain  Lewis  is  so  modest  that  it  Avas  by  no  moans 
easy  to  make  up  his  police  record,  though  he  lias  taken  au 
active  part  in  all  the  great  riots  of  his  day,  except  that  at 
the  Haymarket.  and  including  the  street-car  troubles  on  the 
West  Side.  He  has  sent  his  share  or  more  of  criminals  to 
Joliet,  but  was  fortunate  in  never  having  been  wounded  or 
even  the  tari^fet  for  a  bad  marksman.  He  has  had  no  hair- 
breadth  escapes  or  startling  adventures,  or  if  he  had  he 
has  forgotten  all  about  them.  His  police  life  was  ap- 
parently one  of  duty -doing,  without  ostentation  or  flourish. 
When  he  took  charge  of  the  third  precinct  the  disreputables 
held  an  orgie  to  celebrate  the  departure  of  Captain  Schaack 
and  the  advent  of  a  supposedly  less  zealous  officer  to  the 
command.  But  when  they  all  appeared  in  court  the  follow- 
ing morning  and  were  fined,  it  did  not  need  the  magistrate's 
warning  to  make  them  understand  that  Jupiter  had  not  re- 
versed the  fable  and  removed  King  Stork  to  make  room  for 
King  Log.  His  promotion  was  entirely  unexpected,  but  he 
seems  to  have  devoted  himself  to  an  earnest  effort  to  demon- 
strate the  wisdom  of  the  mayor's  choice,  in  which  he  is 
eminently  successful,  to  all  appearance. 

Captain  Lewis  was  a  patrolman  in  the  Twenty-second 
street  precinct  when  Inspector  Bon  field  was  a  lieutenant. 
"He  was  the  best  patrolman  lever  knew,"  said  the  inspector, 
in  referring  to  his  brief  personal  contact  with  the  present 
captain  of  the  third  precinct,  "and  so  far  as  the  indications 
point  he  will  make  one  of  the  best  captains  on  the  force. 
He  was  conspicuous  for  courage  and  coolness  in  the  railroad 
riots  in  1877,  and  the  street-car  troubles  later." 

The  first  recognition  Lewis  received  was  for  an  act  of 
bravery  wliich  came  under  the  notice  of  Superintendent 
Ebersold.  It  was  during  the  street-car  troubles.  A  car  had 
been  taken  from  the  men  in  charge  of  it,  including  an  offi- 
cer, when  Officers  Lewis  and  Ptassec,  two  of  the  smallest 
men  in  the  second  precinct,  came  along.  They  charged  the 
mob,  captured  the  car  and  set  it  running,  and  then  chased 


362  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

and  arrested  the  ringleader  in  the  riot,  the  Latter  being 
Lewis'  work,  and  he  had  to  fire  a  shot  to  bring  his  man  to 
his  senses.  Each  one  of  the  men  were  promoted,  the  others 
to  desk  sergeantcies,  and  Lewis  to  be  patrol  sergeant.  He 
had  served  under  Mr.  Ebersold  while  the  latter  was  sergeant 
at  the  Twenty-second  street  precinct,  and  Avas  well  known  to 
be  very  efficient  as  a  patrolman. 

Amos  W.  Hathaway,  captain  of  the  fourth  precinct,  was 
born  May  29,  1839,  at  Providence,  R,  I.,  but  owing  to  the 
death  of  his  mother  when  he  was  an  infant,  his  grandmother 
took  charge  of  him  until  he  was  eleven  years  of  age,  bring- 
ing him  up  on  her  farms  near  Oswego  and  Jefferson,  N.  Y. 
He  made  up  his  mind  about  this  time  that  he  ought  to  be 
making  his  own  living.  Earning  enough  money  to  carry 
him  from  Jefferson  to  Oswego,  by  picking  cranberries,  he 
started  out  to  the  latter  city  to  seek  his  fortune.  There  he 
soon  found  employment  in  Smith  &  Kind's  machine  shop, 
where  for  three  years  he  worked,  learning  the  trade.  Then 
he  ran  a  stationary  engine  for  W.  H.  Wheeler ;  leaving  this 
for  the  life  of  a  lake  sailor,  his  first  vessel  being  the  W.  H. 
Wheeler,  sailing  to  Chicago.  He  "followed  the  lakes" 
until  navisfation  closed  for  1855,  when  he  determined  to 
settle  in  Chicago,  after  working  for  awhile  on  a  LaSalle, 
111.,  farm  auvl  driving  a  team.  With  Col.  "Jim"  Lane  he 
spent  a  portion  of  1857  and  1858  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Lawrence,  Kas.,  having  been  taken  Avith  an  attack  of  western 
fever.  While  in  this,  then,  border  country,  he  was  a  partici- 
pant in  many  a  stirring  adventure,  but  returned  to  Chicago 
in  the  fall  of  1858.  He  worked  on  a  farm  in  Palatine  for 
awhile,  locating  permanently  in  this  city  in  1860,  securing 
the  position  of  foreman  of  the  mechanical  bakery  of  Henry 
C.  Childs,  which  had  a  contract  for  army  hard-tack,  supplying 
all  that  was  used  during  the  early  days  of  the  war.  As 
manv  as  one  hundred  barrels  of  fiour  were  worked  up  into 
soldier  bread  in  a  day,  the  establishment  running  continu- 
ouslv.  night  and  day,  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  commissary 


CHARI.KS    LARSEN, 
Lieut.    Comdo,    West  Chicas^o  Ave.   District. 


THE    MAYOR    AND    THE    POLICE    CAPTAINS.  ;J03 

department.  He  remained  in  this  place  for  three  years, 
when  his  health  gave  way  under  the  strain,  and  he  was  com- 
pelled to  take  to  the  lakes  again,  spending  several  months  in 
a  recuperative  ramble  on  shipboard,  in  1863. 

During  this  period  of  activity  he  found  time  to  court  and 
marry  Miss  Rosalie  E.  Russell,  the  auspicious  event  taking 
place  in  1862.  They  have  had  nine  children,  four  girls  and 
three  boys  surviving. 

He  joined  the  Chicago  police  force  in  1864,  being  first 
attached,  as  patrolman,  to  the  old  North  Market  hall,  where 
he  remained  for  three  years.     By  this  time  he  was  25  years 
of  age,  and  he  became  impatient  of  the  comparatively  small 
pay  and  slow  promotion  on  the  police  force,  and  resigned  to 
engage  in  more  remunerative  business.     Within  the  year, 
however,  the  old  life  proved  again  attractive,  and  he  joined 
the  force  as  sergeant  in  charge  of  the  Huron  street  station, 
a  position  equal  to  a  lieutenancy  to-day.      The  name  of  the 
ofiice  was,  in  fact,  changed  about  this  time,  under  Elmer 
Washburn's    administration,    and    Sergeant  Hathaway    be- 
came Lieutenant  Hathaway  without  a  promotion.      He  con- 
tinued in  charge  here  until  August  1,   1879,  when  he  was 
promoted  to  be  captain,  being  assigned  to  the  fourth  precinct. 
The  headquarters   were   then   at  the  East  Chicago  avenue 
station.     April   22,   1884,  he  was  transferred  to  the  West 
Twelfth  street  station,  the  precinct  being  still  the  fourth, 
though  the  headquarters  and  district  embraced  were  differ- 
ent. 

The  major  portion  of  Capt.  Hathaway's  police  experience 
was  on  the  North  Side,  but  save  for  being  shot  throuo-h  the 
body  when  trying  to  arrest  four  burglars  all  by  himself  on 
Kinzie  street  and  LaSalle  avenue,  in  1868,  he  has  had  few 
startling  experiences  with  the  criminal  classes,  though  his 
record  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  city  as  an  efficient  executive 
officer  and  detector  of  crime.  His  respective  superior  offi- 
cers during  his  subordinate  career,  Captains  Gund,  Miller, 
Shannon,  Fox.  and  Gund  again,  all  have  from  time  to  time 


3f34  THE     CHICA(JO     I'OLICE. 

expressed  the  greatest  admiration  for  his  sterling  qualities, 
and  his  lieutenants  are  no  less  pronounced  in  their  warm  re- 
gard for  him  as  a  man  and  officer. 

Among  the  cases  in  Avhich  he  has  taken  part  in  the  de- 
tection or  arrest  of  the  criminals,  are  the  Mulkowsky  murder, 
the  arrest  being  made  in  the  precinct  by  Officers  McNulty 
and  Johnson,  and  the  Herman  Mocade  murder  on  Ashland 
and  Milwaukee  avenues,  about  five  years  ago.  Capt.  Hath- 
away and  Lieutenant  Quinn  started  out  without  a  clew  to  find 
out  the  slayer  of  Mocade,  who  was  found  dead  on  the  street 
with  a  bullet  hole  in  him,  but  no  witnesses  to  the  infliction 
^ai.  the  wound  or  what  led  to  it.  They  finally  found  that  two 
men,  brothers,  had  been  quarrelling  with  Mocade  a  few  days 
before.  It  was  at  midnight  when  this  clew  was  secured. 
Over  thirty  houses  were  searched  before  the  brothers  were 
discovered.  One  opened  the  door.  He  said  his  brother  was 
asleep  in  bed.  Seizing  him  the  officers  went  to  the  sleeping 
man  and  shaking  him  violently  demanded  what  he  had  done 
with  the  pistol.  "Threw  it  away,"  said  he,  blinking  at  the 
bright  light.  "  What  did  you  shoot  that  man  for?"  "He 
hit  me  first."  Subsequently,  evidence  in  corroboration  was 
obtained,  but  self-defense  being  set  up,  the  man's  life  was 
saved. 

As  an  instance  of  his  integrity  and  qualities  as  a  dis- 
ciplinarian it  is  related  that  when  a  lieutenant  at  the  Huron 
street  station,  under  Capt.  Fox,  when  a  patrolman  with  polit- 
ical influence  was  to  be  brought  down  to  his  duty,  he  was 
always  put  in  HathaAvay's  platoon.  Others  might  be  afraid 
to  report  a  man  who  was  a  power  in  the  ward,  but  Lieuten- 
ant Hathaway  was  never  known  to  inquire  who  was  behind 
a  wrong-doer.  An  experience  with  Mr.  Ebersold,  before  he 
became  superintendent,  convinced  the  latter  of  Hathaway's 
courage  and  coolness  in  danger.  Together  they  faced  and 
dispersed  an  angry  and  dangerous  mob  at  a  Bohemian  pic- 
nic, an  achievement  of  no  small  danger  and  difficulty. 

Michael  John  Schaack,  whose  management  of  the  police 


THE    MAVOK    AND    THE    POLICE    CAPTAINS.  3t>5 

end  of  the  anarcliist  prosecutioii  has  given  him  a  national 
reputation,  was  born  in  the  Grand  Duchy  o£  Luxeml)urg, 
April  23,  1S43,  leaving  the  little  frontier  independency 
whe  thirteen  years  of  age,  after  receiving  a  common 
school  education.  His  first  dollar  was  earned  in  a  furni- 
ture factory  where  he  thought  he  was  getting  rich  fast 
on  three  dollars  a  Aveek.  Next  he  worked  in  a  brewery, 
and  then  sailed  the  lakes  for  seven  years  as  second  mate  of 
various  steamers  hailing  from  Chicago.  Several  of  the 
vessels  were  lost,  but  "the  little  cherub  that  sits  up  aloft  look- 
ing after  poor  Jack,""  looked  after  him  so  well  that  he  always 
managed  to  change  ships  just  before  the  fatal  voyage.  After 
three  more  years  spent  in  a  brewery  and  two  on  Ludwig  & 
Co.'s  private  detective  force,  he  joined  the  police  department, 
June  15, 18()1>,  as  patrolman,  attached  to  the  old  Armory — that 
cradle  of  Chicago's  best  olhcers,  and  served  under  Capt. 
Hickey,  He  was  not  new  to  the  rough  side  of  police  duty, 
when  he  was  enrolled,  having  had  some  severe  experiences  as 
a  "special."  He  had  the  good  fortune,  for  instance,  to 
reach  Dewey  &  Co.'s  place,  at  27  Kingsbury  street,  on  his 
rounds,  jast  as  their  safe  was  blown  out  There  were  four 
burglars  inside,  but  -lo  rushed  in  and  was  trying  to  see 
through  the  smoke,  when  one  of  the  two  men  who  had  jumped 
out  of  the  window,  leaned  in  and  fired  at  the  intruder  as  the 
latter  seized  one  of  his  comrades.  A  long  dagger  drawn  by 
the  burglar  was  met  and  matched  with  a  heavy  billy,  but 
the  revolver  Schaack  carried  refused  to  explode.  This  man, 
Charles  Johnson,  and  a  comrade,  were  "sent  up "  for  five 
years,  the  other  two  escaping.  The  next  two  desperate 
encounters  were  at  Bowel's  store  and  Peterson's  tailor  store 
on  Kinzie  and  Kingsbury  streets,  in  which  shots  were  fired, 
but  Schaack  again  proved  to  have  a  charmed  life. 

He  was  detailed  for  special  detective  work  soon  after  his 
appointment,  and  was  made  a  patrol  sergeant  in  1872,  serv- 
ing during  Chief  Washburn's  term.  Then  he  was  made  a 
regular  detective,  and  in  the  next  five   years  had  made  805 


•i(;('>  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

arrests  in  serious  criminal  ceases,  such  as  murders,  burglaries, 
robberies  and  other  penitentitvry  offenses.  His  partner  in 
makin<»-  this  remarkable,  and  indeed  unparalleled  record,  was 
Michael  Whalen,  now  a  detective. 

After  joining  the  regular  force,  one  of  the  first  feats 
which  showed  the  qualities  that  were  afterward  to  be  so 
highly  appreciated,  was  in  a  burglary  case.  While  he  was 
patrolling  that  beat  Alderman  Kehoe's  place,  on  North  Clark 
street,  was  entered.  This  was  bad  for  the  man  on  the 
post  unless  he  turned  in  the  burglars,  and  Schaack  felt  wor- 
ried, until  one  night  he  saw  a  suspicious-looking  hack  halt 
where  the  present  Clark  street  viaduct  is  and  turn  into  a  dark 
alley,  near  a  one-story  jewelry  store.  He  climbed  up,  leaned 
over  the  eaves,  and  listened.  He  heard  one  of  the  passen- 
gers instruct  the  driver  to  be  ready  to  move  off  rapidly  when 
they  had  the  ''stuff"  in.  Schaack  got  down  and  watched. 
There  was  Alderman  Kehoe's  cigars  and  liquor  being  loaded 
into  the  hack.  Cautioning  the  driver  not  to  move  at  his 
peril,  he  awaited  the  last  trip  out,  and  then  grabbed  the 
biggest  burglar,  who  was  much  larger  than  his  captor.  The 
fellow  fired  two  shots,  and  his  partner  threw  Schaack  to  his 
knees.  The  big  man  then  made  for  a  marble  yard,  and  the 
half-stunned  officer  after  him.  The  pursuer  hurt  himself 
seriously  by  striking  a  marble  block  in  the  road  and  then 
stuck  fast  in  the  fence,  when  the  burglar  fii*ed  at  him.  But 
the  chase  was  taken  up  by  Officer  Dolan,  and  Charles  Mc- 
Carthy captured.  He  was  an  old  freight  robber,  and  he  and 
his  partner  gave  the  railroad  company  some  valuable  infor- 
mation, and  escaped,  at  the  intercession  of  the  corporation, 
with  one  year  at  Joliet. 

The  capture  of  Tommy  Ellis,  who  killed  David  O'Neil, 
the  yardmaster  of  the  Northwestern  road,  on  the  Erie  street 
bridge,  in  1877,  was  a  desperate  adventure.  The  murderer 
had  to  be  shot  twice  before  he  consented  to  be  arrested. 

The  capture  of  the  leaders  of  the  Murphy  gang,  while 
robbing   Kobletz's   merchant  tailor  store,   on  Clark  street, 


THE    MAYOK    AND    THE    POLICE    CAPTAINS.  .JIm 

was  anotlier  daring  piece  of  police  work.  James  Slroii^^ 
and  George  Harris  were  sent  up  for  five  years. 

In  August,  1879,  he  was  made  a  lieutenant,  and  attached 
to  the  Chicago  avenue  station.  He  was  transferred  to  the 
Armory  for  awhile,  but  soon  returned  to  the  North  Side 
again.  While  in  the  levee  district  he  was  shot  at  twice,  but 
his  wonderful  luck  or  Providence  preserved  him.  On  one 
occasion,  while  arresting  a  gang  of  roughs  on  Pacific  avenue, 
a  bullet  passed  through  his  clothes,  close  to  his  abdomen, 
and  then  entered  the  trousers'  pocket  of  his  partner,  but 
harmed  neither.  A  falling  out  with  the  Armory  justice 
(Foote)  led  to  his  transfer  back  to  Chicago  avenue.  The 
magistrate  excited  the  zealous  ofiicer's  ire  by  certain  rather 
extraordinary  decisions,  and  received  the  benefit  of  a  free 
and  forcible  expression  of  opinion  u|)on  his  conduct  in  open 
court. 

In  August,  1885,  he  was  made  a  captain,  and  two  days 
afterward  Mulkowsky  murdered  Mrs.  Kledzic.  This  case 
is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  in  the  criminal  annals  of  Chi- 
cago and  created  a  sensation  over  the  whole  country.  But 
the  manner  in  which  it  was  worked  up  was  only  less  remark- 
able. Mulkowsky  had  come  over  here  from  Poland  after 
serving  the  twenty-two  years,  which  constituted  a  "life  sen- 
tence" there  for  murder,  and  which  is  scarcely  ever  sur- 
vived. He  came  to  Chicago  under  the  name  of  Brunofski, 
and  was  not  recognized  by  the  Kledzic  family,  whom  he  had 
known  before  his  crime  and  imprisonment.  He  remembered 
them,  and  now  cultivated  their  acquaintance.  He  learned 
of  some  savings  they  had  invested  and  the  shape  of  the 
vouchers  therefor.  Coming  behind  the  wife  while  she  was 
alone  in  the  house  and  bending  over  a  Avash-tub,  he  crushed 
her  skull  witli  some  heavy  weapon,  ransacked  the  rooms,  rav- 
ished her  finger  of  its  wedding  ring  and  fled.  Capt.  Schaack 
first  got  a  complete  history  of  his  family  and  friends  at 
home  and  here  from  Kledzic,  who  incidentally  referred  to 
Mulkowsky' s   supposed  fate  in  prison,  and  also  mentioned 


30.S  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

Brunofski,  whom  he  suspected  of  being  other  than  he  rep- 
resented himself.  In  three  days  Capt.  Schaack  had  tlie 
murderer  in  custody  and  circumstantial  evidence  upon  which 
to  hang  him.  Some  burnt  paper  in  the  stove  of  the  mur- 
dered woman's  room  gave  the  first  clue.  It  was  the  remains 
of  letters  relating  to  the  release  of  Muikowsky.  From  a  sister 
of  the  latter,  whom  he  much  resembled,  Schaack  learned  of 
the  identity  of  Muikowsky  and  Brunofski,  and  by  means  of 
photographs  of  the  sister  he  was  arrested.  The  watch  of 
the  murdered  woman  and  her  jewelry  were  traced  to  the 
prisoner,  who  was  also  found  to  have  washed  his  clothes  in 
the  river  at  midnight  and  his  hat  was  stained  with  what 
Dr.  Bisfeldt  swore  was  human  blood.  This  completed  the 
chain,  and  the  jury  was  out  only  twenty  minutes  before  con- 
victing him. 

Capt.  Schaack' s  crowning  exploit,  the  conviction  of  the 
anarchists,  is  too  fresh  in  the  public  mind  to  need  any  ex- 
tended reference  here.  It  is  enough  to  say  that,  taking  up 
a  case  which  was  out  of  his  own  district  and  conductinfir  the 
investigation  independently  of  any  aid  or  suggestion  from 
his  superiors,  he  found  clews  of  which  no  one  else  suspected 
the  existence,  and  following  them  with  a  zeal  and  intelli- 
gence that  almost  surpass  credence,  he  forged  a  chain,  link 
by  link,  that  completely  encircled  the  conspirators. 

The  Krug  case,  of  more  recent  date,  was  remarkable  for 
the  fact  that  the  prisoner  was  convicted  and  is  now  in  Joliet, 
serving  what  will  doubtless  prove  a  life  sentence,  after  the 
coroner  had  once  released  him  on  the  testimony  of  the 
county  physician  that  the  fellow's  last  victim  died,  not  by 
poison,  but  well-defined  natural  causes. 


THE    DETECTIVE    SERVICE.  369 


CHAPTER    XIX. 

THE  DETECTIVE  FORCE- A  HISTORICAL  REVIEW  OF  THIS  BRANCH  OF 
THE  SERVICE— ITS  CHIEFS  FROM  THE  BEGINNING-DETECTIVE  WORK 
IN  CHICAGO— LIEUTENANTS  STEELE  AND  SLAYTON— THEIR  KECORDS— 
THE  MEN  WHO  COMPOSE  THE  DETECTIVE  FORCE  AT  PRESENT- 
MANY  ONCE  FAMILIAR  CRIMES  RECALLED— A  COMPLETE  ROSTER  OF 
THE  SECRET  SERVICE  OF  THE  CITY. 

Until  1(SG0  there  was  iio  such  thing  in  Chicago  as  a 
detective  department.  During  the  years  before  that  date, 
when  there  was  anything  to  be  done  in  the  line  of  detective 
duty,  the  marshal  picked  out  the  men  he  wanted  from  the 
general  force,  and  set  them  at  work.  While  this  sort  of 
thing  was  all  right  for  that  time  in  the  history  of  Chicago, 
the  Prairie  City  was  growing,  and  something  of  a  more 
pronounced  character  was  wanted.  And  so,  under  Brad- 
ley, and  after  the  Metropolitan  Police  Bill  had  become  a 
law,  a  detective  department  was  organized,  Charles  Storer 
in  charge,  with  the  rank  of  sergeant.  In  those  days  there 
were  no  lieutenants.  There  were  only  half  a  dozen  men  on 
the  detective  force  then — Asa  Williams,  Ike  AVilliams, 
Henry  Kauffmann,  Joe  Dixon,  and  Horace  Elliott.  These 
were  the  early  stars  in  the  profession.  Storer  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Thomas  Moore  in  1865,  and  matters  ran  along 
then — running  themselves,  some  people  were  unkind  enough 
to  say — and  without  making  anything  of  a  record  until  the 
fire  had  cleaned  things  out,  and  Elmer  Washburn  had 
taken  hold  of  the  position  of  chief.  He  started  in  by  put- 
ting Samuel  A.  Ellis  at  the  head  of  the  detective  depart- 
ment, and  making  William  J.  McGarigle  clerk.  In  1874, 
Ellis  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  captain  of  a  West 
Side  precinct,  and  Joseph  Dixon  was  made  chief  of  de- 
t^actives.     He  stepped  out  to  become  deputy  superintendent 


370  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

of  police,  and  Charles  A.  Eehm  became  sergeant  of  de- 
tectives. In  1876,  late  in  the  year,  William  J.  McGarigle 
was  made  lieutenant  of  detectives,  and  in  his  hands  the 
department  remained  till  1878,  when  Edward  J.  Steele  was 
appointed  to  take  McGarigle' s  place.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Edward  J.  Keating,  in  1879,  and  Keating,  in  1880,  by 
Thomas  H.  Currier.  Currier  was  at  the  head  of  the  depart- 
ment until  1882,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  John  Shea  and 
Joseph  Kipley,  who,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant,  ran  the 
department  jointly.  They  held  until  the  election  of  Mayor 
Roche,  in  the  spring  of  1887,  when  they  were  transferred 
to  and  given  separate  stations,  and  Edward  J.  Steele  was 
called  in  to  take  charge  of  the  office.  With  him  was  ap- 
pointed Lieutenant  Reuben  Slayton. 

Chicago  has  been  free  from  great  crimes,  and,  while 
there  have  been  a  number  of  mysterious  and  daring  crimes, 
which  furnished  the  department  material  upon  which  to 
work  and  display  its  ability,  this  city  has  never  been  able  to 
boast  of  a  Nathan  murder  or  a  Manhattan  bank  robbery. 
Chicago,  it  is  true,  has  given  to  the  rest  of  the  world  a  great 
many  criminals,  who  have  held  exalted  positions  in  the 
circles  in  which  they  moved,  but  it  seemed  that  the  Chicago 
crook  emigrated  just  as  soon  as  he  found  that  he  could  do 
better  elsewhere — that  other  towns  were  "softer,"  to  use 
his  expression.  When  the  Habitual  Criminal  Act  was 
passed,  and  one  or  two  professional  crooks  had  been  sent 
down  for  fourteen  years  or  more,  the  other  members 
of  the  fraternity  began  to  clear  out,  and,  as  a  result  of 
this,  there  has  not  been  an  important  piece  of  ''work" 
done  by  professional  criminals  in  this  city  for  eight  years. 

Banko  or  "bunko"  games,  which  abounded  in  Chicago 
in  the  period  immediately  preceding  and  following  the  fire, 
are  no  longer  known.  Confidence  operators,  who  once  flour- 
ished, have  been  taught  that  the  climate  is  unhealthy,  and 
have  sought  other  regions,  remote  from  that  under  the  pro- 
tection   of   the    Chicago    detective    department.      This  was 


THE    DETECTICE    SEllVICE.  371 

brought  about  by  the  practice  inaugurated  by  Lieutenant 
Currier,  of  "vatriring:"  a  known  "con"  man  as  soon  as  he  was 
spotted  on  the  street.  A  series  of  heavy  fines,  with  no  op- 
portunity to  recoup  himself,  made  the  smoothest  operator 
hesitate  to  tarry  for  any  length  of  time  in  this  city ;  and  it 
naturally  followed  that  the  granger  population  could  come 
to  Chicago  with  greater  security  to  its  pocket-book  than  in 
any  other  large  city. 

The  men  chosen  for  the  detective  branch  of  the  service 
are,  as  a  rule,  those  who  have  served  some  time  as  patrol- 
men, and  have  exhibited  a  peculiar  fitness  for  the  position. 
True,  some  of  the  officers  attaciied  to  Lieutenant  Steele's 
force  w^ere  appointed  without  having  served  a  day  on  the 
general  force;  but  there  was  always  some  good  reason  for 
such  an  appointment,  and  the  ability  of  the  appointee  to  dis- 
charge the  duties  of  the  office  with  credit  has  been  demon- 
strated to  the  satisfaction  of  their  superior  officers.  Under 
Mayor  Eoche's  administration  all  appointments  of  this 
character  were  discouraged,  the  mayor  holding  that  the  de- 
tective force  should  be  a  goal  toward  w^hich  the  clever  mem- 
bers of  the  general  force  might  look  as  a  reward  for  faithful 
and  able  work  while  in  uniform.  He  held  that  it  was  a  bar 
to  the  best  of  work  among  the  patrolmen  if  they  saw  nothing 
ahead  of  them — no  chance  for  places  on  the  detective  force — 
a  department  which  contains  the  very  flower  of  the  service, 
and  he  determined  to  demonstrate  that  there  was  good 
material  for  that  branch  of  the  service  among  the  men  of  the 
general  force,  and  that  it  would  be  developed  by  encour- 
aging this  system  of  promotions.  The  wisdom  and  correct- 
ness of  this  view  is  now  acknowledged  by  the  oldest  and  best 
officers  in  the  department. 

The  force  at  the  Central  station,  under  Lieutenants 
Steele  and  Slayton,  was  not  limited  as  to  number.  There 
might  be  as  many  men  as  the  exigencies  of  the  hour 
demanded.  As  a  rule,  it  averaged  twenty-five  men.  These, 
while  tliey  bore  the  rank  of  patrolmen,  were  paid  ^1.213  per 


372  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

annum,  as  against  $1,000  a  year  to  the  patrolmen  on  beat. 
The  Central  station  force,  as  a  whole,  comprised  the  two 
lieutenants  in  charge,  twenty-eight  patrolmen,  and  two 
inspectors  of  pawnshops.  Of  the  twenty-eight  men  thus 
attached  to  the  force,  three  were  engaged  in  clerical  work  a 
large  portion  of  the  time,  but  were  men  fully  able  to  discharge 
the  duties  required  of  the  detective  department.  Most  of 
the  men  had  specialties  in  the  line  of  which  they  were  most 
valuable.  Some  had  a  wide  acquaintance  among  the  colored 
denizens  of  "Cheyenne;"  others  had  confidential  relations 
with  members  of  the  sporting  fraternity,  who  might  be  relied 
upon  for  valuable  information ;  others,  by  long  years  of  serv- 
ice in  all  branches  of  the  department,  were  familiar  vrith 
all  the  more  noted  criminals  who  had  "worked"  Chicago  in 
earlier  years,  and  were  able  to  spot  them  if  they  turned  up 
and  attempted  to  do  anything  in  this  city ;  others,  trained  in 
the  districts  from  which  the  criminal  population  of  Chicago 
is  most  largely  recruited,  were  thoroughly  familiar  with  the 
younger  generation  of  thieves  and  pickpockets,  from  whose 
depredations  the  public  was  the  greatest  suflferer. 

While  Chicago  has  been  troubled  little  by  gangs  of 
shrewd  and  desperate  burglars  and  safe-blowers,  it  has  had 
more  than  its  share  of  brutal  murders.  The  average  detect- 
ive, as  a  matter  of  fact,  has  had  much  more  experience  solv- 
ing murder  mysteries  than  getting  at  the  bottom  of  lesser 
crimes ;  and  while  capital  offenses  are  more  difficult  of  solu- 
tion than  the  Drdinary  run  of  offenses  against  property,  so 
capable  have  the  detectives  been  that  Chicago  has  far  less 
than  its  proportion  of  unsolved  mysteries.  The  Wilke 
murder,  the  Jacobson  murder,  the  Amelia  Olson  murder,  and 
less  than  half  a  dozen  others,  are  the  only  ones  that  have 
baffled  the  skill  of  the  department  in  the  twenty-six  years  of 
its  existence. 

It  is  not  necessary  here  to  attempt  to  give  in  detail 
the  stories  of  all  the  important  cases  which  have  been 
liandled  by  the  detective  department.     It  will  be  found  in 


THE    DETECTIVE    SERVICE.  373 

reading  the  sketches  of  the  men,  that  most  of  the  sensa- 
tional crimes  of  which  Chicago  may  boast,  have  been  worked 
with  varying  degrees  of  success  by  officers  who  are  yet 
young  and  still  connected  with  the  force.  It  will  be  ob- 
served, too,  that  in  addition  to  the  attributes  of  shrewdness 
which  every  successful  detective  should  possess,  an  unusual 
degree  of  courage  is  demanded  of  the  detective  who  would 
make  a  success  in  Chicago.  The  criminals  of  the  Garden 
City  are  noted  for  their  recklessness.  They  shoot  quicker 
and  with  less  provocation  than  in  any  other  city,  and  the 
detective  who  pits  himself  against  these  desperadoes  and 
hopes  to  come  out  with  a  whole  skin,  must  be  nervy  to  a  de- 
gree and  as  quick  as  chain  lightning  in  handling  a  "gun." 
Detective  work  in  Chicago  is  rendered  peculiarly  diffi- 
cult. There  are  in  various  sections  of  the  city  great  stretches 
of  territory  inhabited  by  foreign  elements.  There  are  the 
Polish,  the  Bohemian  and  the  Italian  quarters  where  one 
might  travel  all  day  and  never  hear  a  word  of  English.  In 
certain  of  these  localities  mysterious  assaults  are  of  frequent 
occurrence.  A  foreigner  is  found  bathed  in  blood  and  at 
the  point  of  death ;  he  dies  refusing  to  make  any  statement 
incriminating  anyone,  and  it  becomes  the  duty  of  the  de- 
tective department  to  fathom  the  mystery  of  his  death.  On 
every  hand  the  officer  is  beset  with  difficulties  that  would 
speedily  discourage  an  ordinary  detective.  These  settle- 
ments of  foreigners  are  clannish  to  a  degree.  Every  effort 
is  made  to  deceive  the  police,  to  throw  them  off  the  scent  and 
to  cover  the  tracks  of  the  criminal,  who,  as  such,  is  known 
to  hundreds  of  his  acquaintances.  Everywhere  the  detective 
is  met  with  protestations  of  ignorance,  and  nowhere  is  he 
able  to  find  one  willing  to  comprehend  a  three-word  sentence 
of  English.  Even  to  officers  of  their  own  nationality  these 
secretive  people  will  divulge  little;  but,  and  it  is  to  the 
credit  of  the  police  department,  a  remarkably  small  per- 
centage of  crimes  in  the  foreign  settlements  go  undis- 
covered and  unpunished.     The  Caruso  murder  in  an  Italian 


374  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

district  and  the  Kledzic  murder  in  the  Polish  settlement, 
the  perpetrators  of  both  of  which  paid  the  penalty  with 
their  lives,  are  conspicuous  examples  of  the  ability  of  the 
Chicago  detective  department  to  achieve  success  under  the 
most  discouraging  circumstances.  These  crimes  will  be  found 
treated  somewhat  in  detail  in  the  sketches  of  the  men  who 
were  instrumental  in  bringing  the  murderers  to  the  gallows. 

LIEUTENANT  EDWARD  J.  STEELE:  Clear-eyed,  keen,  with  a 
mind  capable  of  thoroughly  grasping  the  most  complicated  situa- 
tion and  acting  on  the  instant,  courage  and  determination,  which 
no  combination  ot  circumstances  can  affect,  the  physique  of  a 
giant,  a  reputation  for  honesty  that  he  values  above  all  else  -  this 
is  Edward  J.  Steele,  senior  lieutenant  in  charge  of  the  detective 
department  of  the  city  cf  Chicago.  Lieutenant  Steele  was  born 
at  Lowville,  N.  Y.,  in  1839,  His  father  was  a  justice  of  the  peace 
and  farmer.  When  Edward  was  five  years  old  the  family  removed 
to  Ontario.  There  the  lad  grew  up  on  his  father's  farm  and  learned 
the  trade  of  carpenter.  When  he  was  24  years  of  age  he  married 
Mary  Parker,  and  a  few  years  later  cut  loose  from  Canada  and 
struck  up  into  Minnesota,  where  he  farmed  till  1869,  when  he  re- 
moved with  his  wife  and  children  to  Chicago.  Here  he  followed 
his  trade  for  two  years,  and  then  accepted  a  position  on  Hamblen's 
Merchant  Police.  Here  he  remained  lor  a  year,  leaving  it  to  go 
on  the  regular  police  force,  to  which  he  was  appointed  in  1872,  and 
assigned  to  the  old  Madison  street  station.  For  three  years  he 
traveled  a  beat,  and  was  then  assigned  to  the  day  squad  and  sta- 
tioned at  State  and  Washington  streets.  He  was  not  content  to 
do  nothing  but  pose  and  help  the  ladies  across  the  street;  the 
spirit  of  the  detective  was  there,  and  he  was  ever  on  the  lookout 
for  a  chance  to  do  some  creditable  police  work.  This  came  in 
time.  He  received  a  pointer  in  reference  to  the  perpetrators  of  a 
niimber  of  church  burglaries,  cases  in  which  Catholic  places  of 
worship  had  been  entered  and  stripped  of  everything  in  tiie  way  of 
silver  and  valuables.  He  received  i)ermission  to  work  the  case  up, 
and  within  a  few  days  ptilled  into  the  station  Blibley  and  Yorke, 
a  pair  of  clever  house-breakers.  He  made  his  case  on  them,  they 
went  to  the  penitentiary,  and  he  was  assigned  to  the  Central  sta- 
tion detective  force,  where  he  would  be  of  more  value  to  the  city 
than  on  a  crossing.  After  a  year  there  he  was  transferred  to  the 
Harrison  street  station,  still  in  citizen's  clothes.  While  there  he 
arrested  Edward  Stevens,  the  robber  who  gagged  and  boimd  old 
Mrs.  Noonan,  at  No.  160  Fourteenth  street,  and  got  away  with  $170 
of  her  money.  The  case  was  worked  up  from  a  very  slight  clew, 
and  Stevens  went  down  for  ten  years.     His  success  in  this  case 


THE    Dr:TECTIVE    SEllVICE.  375 

<5aaseJ  the  authorities  to  turn  over  to  him  another  even  more  ditli- 
cult.  A  woman  named  Marsliall,  living  near  the  rolliuj?  mills  on 
the  South  Side,  had  been  held  up  in  her  house  by  masked  men  and 
lier  money  taken.  There  was  absolutely  no  clew  that  oflfered  a 
hope  of  success.  But  that  was  the  sort  of  case  that  he  liked  most; 
and  takinj^  with  him  Detective  Stewart,  he  started  out  to  see  what 
could  bo  done.  While  workinjf  about  in  the  nei<fhborhood  of  the 
l)lace  where  the  crime  was  committed,  Steele  ran  across  an  old 
woman  named  Cavanau'^h.  She  was  tipsy,  and  foolishly  volun- 
teered the  remark  that '"  it  couldn't  have  been  Clipper  F'lynn  and 
Conny  Mahoney,  for  they  were  both  in  the  house  the  night  of  the 
robbery."  This  was  considered  a  good  tip,  and  one  of  the  thieves 
was  arrested  and  locked  up.  Steele  was  put  into  the  same  cell 
with  him,  represented  that  he  was  the  nephew  of  a  promifient  man, 
and  was  soon  to  get  out.  On  the  strength  of  this,  the  thief  asked 
him  to  carry  a  note  to  a  friend  of  his,  and  furnished  him  with  a 
letter  to  Mahoney.  He  was  arrested,  and  they  were  given  five 
years  apiece.  Bermont,  alias  Ro  and,  the  Chambersburg,  Pa., 
bank  robber,  was  one  of  the  noted  crooks  who  was  rounded  up  by 
Officer  Steele  and  sent  down.  Roland  was  a  thoroughly  desperate 
man,  and  was  waiting  for  the  officer  with  two  revolvers  and  a  dirk 
knife  handy;  but  Steele  got  the  drop  on  him  and  took  him  in  with- 
out a  struggle.  He  was  given  seventeen  years.  In  1878,  Officer 
Steele  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  detective  force  at  the  Central, 
where,  after  ten  months'  service,  he  was  given  a  lieutenant's  commis- 
sion and  assigned  to  the  Harrison  street  station.  From  there  he 
was  transferred  to  the  West  Lake  street  station,  and  then  to  the 
West  Chicago  avenue  station,  where  he  remained  till  his  appoint- 
ment as  chief  of  the  detective  force,  in  the  spring  of  1887.  His 
company  at  the  Haymarket  riot  led  the  column  ct  police 
lip  Desplaines  street  to  where  the  speeches  were  being  made. 
The  lieutenant  was  prostrated  by  the  force  of  the  explo- 
sion, and  received  a  number  of  pistol  balls  through  his  clothing. 
He  broke  his  wrist  using  his  pistol  as  a  club,  but  otherwise  escaped 
injury.  Nine  out  of  twenty-four  men  in  his  company  were  se- 
riously injured  by  fragments  of  the  bomb.  Lieutenant  Steele  has 
five  children.  Freeman,  his  eldest  sou,  being  connected  with  the 
detective  force  under  his  father. 

LIEUTENANT  REUBEN  SLAYTON,  associated  with  Lieut.  Steele  in 
running  the  detective  department,  is  in  every  way  qualified  for  the 
position.  He  has  had,  first  of  all,  the  thorough  discipline  that 
comes  of  long  service  in  the  army,  and  then  an  admirable  training 
in  the  police  and  detective  department  of  the  city  for  a  dozen  years. 
Of  courage,  ability,  determination  and  all  the  other  elements  that 
go  to  make  up  the  successful  officer,  he  possesses  his  full  share.  He 
was  bom  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Mass.,  Oct.  18,  1839,  upon  a  farm,  and 


376  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

with  his  parents  removed  while  a  youngster  to  Monroe  county, 
Mich.,  where  he  remained  till  14  years  of  age.  Then  he  started 
out  for  himself,  striking  up  into  the  pineries,  and  going  from  there 
to  Mackinaw,  where  he  remained  till  1860.  That  year  he  came  to 
Chicago,  and  in  1862  enlisted  in  Co.  E,  39th  Ilhnois  Volunteers, 
and  went  to  the  front.  He  was  in  a  number  of  engagements  with 
his  regiment,  but  was  wounded  at  Drury's  Bluff  and  sent  to  the 
rear.  He  went  first  to  Fortress  Monroe  and  afterward  to  the  gen- 
eral hospital  at  Newark,  and  was  transferred  to  Bedloe's  Island, 
where  he  was  in  the  quartermaster's  department  till  mustered  out 
in  18G5.  Returning  to  Chicago,  he  went  to  work  for  the  West  Di- 
vision street  Railway,  and  in  1866,  Aug.  3,  was  appointed  on  the 
police  force  and  assigned  to  the  old  Armory  at  Adams  and  Frank- 
lin streets.  The  following  year  he  was  made  roundsman  by  "  Jack  " 
Nelson,  this  being  the  first  appointment  to  that  rank.  As  rounds- 
man he  looked  after  affairs  in  his  district  till  after  the  great  fire, 
when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Central,  where  he  remained  till 
1879,  resigning  on  a  change  of  the  administration.  April  19,  1886, 
he  was  reappointed  to  the  force,  and  May  10, 1887,  was  promoted 
to  the  lieutenancy  he  now  fills.  While  at  the  Central  he  did  a 
great  deal  of  creditable  work.  Perhaps  the  most  celebrated  case 
he  ever  handled  was  that  of  the  burglars  Collins  and  Herman. 
These  men  were  the  smoothest  of  their  class,  and  brought  them- 
selves to  the  notice  of  the  police  at  the  Central  in  1878  by  carrying 
away  Sl,8(l0  worth  of  silk  linings  from  Cahn,  Wampold  &  Co.'s 
place.  They  concealed  their  identity  with  great  success,  and  cov- 
ered their  tracks  well.  They  lived  in  a  respectable  part  of  town 
and  nothing  criminating  could  be  found  against  them,  although 
they  were  suspected.  Slayton  had  got  the  case  along  to  a  point 
where  he  could  swear  that  they  were  the  men,  but  he  couldn't 
prove  it.  A  detective  took  up  quarters  as  a  roomer  in  the  same 
house,  but  just  at  this  juncture  a  green  policeman  arrested  the  pair 
for  vagrancy.  Slayton  took  before  them  a  man  whom  he  had  in- 
structed to  say  loudly  that  they  were  not  the  men,  and  hoped  thus 
to  throw  them  off  their  guard.  The  scheme  worked  all  right  and 
they  were  turned  loose  with  an  apology.  They  went  right  l)ack  to 
the  place  where  they  were  hanging  out  and  the  next  day  were 
caiaght  handling  the  stolen  goods.  Nine  other  burglaries  were 
proven  against  them  and  property  to  the  amount  of  ^10,000  recov- 
ered. On  the  trial  they  got  ton  years  each.  Collins  went  down, 
but  Herman  fought  for  a  new  trial.  He  got  it,  and  after  having 
si>ent  a  year  in  jail  waiting  for  it  to  come  off,  Avas  given  twelve 
years.  Of  cases  like  this  and  of  less  importance,  Lieut.  Slayton  has 
had  his  share,  and  he  has  every  reason  to  be  proud  of  the  recoi  il  he 
has  made  for  himself  as  a  police  officer. 


THE    DETECTIVE    SEPtVICE.  377 

MICHAEL  J.  GRANGER  first  saw  tho  lij^ht  iu  Chica^'o,  Jjniuary  11, 
1852.  In  1879  he  entered  the  service  of  Allan  Pinkortou,  and 
August  6,  1881,  was  appointed  to  the  police  force,  and  assigned  to 
the  Harrison  street  station.  Within  six  months,  Officer  Granger 
had  demonstrated  the  fact  that  he  was  a  clever  man  in  citizen's 
clothes,  was  assigned  to  special  duty,  and  in  May,  1883,  was  per- 
manently connected  with  the  detail  at  the  Central  station.  He 
made  a  great  many  important  arrests,  first  attracting  attention  by 
bringing  in  single-handed  the  notorious  Ed.  Milligan.  It  had  been 
the  custom  to  send  a  scpiad  of  men  after  Milligan  when  he  was 
wanted  for  anything,  and  it  took  Officer  Granger  the  better  part 
of  an  hour,  and  cost  him  a  new  uniform  and  a  pair  of  black  eyes, 
to  get  Milligan  in ;  but  he  got  him.  That  was  a  sample  of  his 
nerve.  The  arrest  of  Murray  and  Rice,  the  noted  climbing 
thieves  from  St.  Louis,  whose  work  m  Chicago  for  two  months, 
during  the  winter  of  1881-2,  netted  them  $12,000  in  plunder,  was 
by  Officer  Granger,  and  most  of  the  stui?  recovered.  Murray  got 
fifteen  years.  Wilson,  Ryan  and  Howard,  the  Amboy  safe-l)lowers, 
were  arrested  and  sent  down  by  Officer  Granger.  Granger  and 
Bonfiekl  did  a  great  deal  of  work  on  the  election  fraud  cases  of 
1880,  and  they  together  arrested  "Dutchy"  Keefe  for  the  theft 
of  a  Third  ward  ballot-box.  Hundreds  of  cases  of  almost  as 
great  importance  have  been  successfully  handled  by  energetic 

officer.    He  was  wounded  at  the  riot  at  Eighteenth  street  and  Cen- 
ter avenue.  May  4, 1886. 

HERMAN  SCHUETTLER  is  one  of  the  young  men  of  the  detective 
force,  having  been  bom  in  Chicago  in  1861.  In  addition  to  being 
about  the  youngest  man  on  the  force,  he  is  the  tallest.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  force  June  8,  1883,  and  was  only  kept  in  uniform 
a  short  time.  So  clever  an  officer  was  more  valuable  iu  citizen's 
clothes.  In  connection  with  Detective  Officer  Stift,  Officer  Schuet- 
tler  worked  up  the  case  of  Lorenz  Krug,  who  was  charged  with 
poisoning  Lucy  Heidelmeyer,  and  Krug  was  convicted.  It  v/as  the 
first  conviction  in  a  poisoning  case  ever  secured  in  Cook  county. 
Klein  and  Tiedeman,  the  highwaymen,  were  brought  up  with  a 
sharp  turn  by  this  young  officer,  and  treated  to  eight  years  each  in 
the  penitentiary.  William  Heller,  an  expert  burglar,  who  had 
gone  through  most  of  the  fine  residences  in  Lake  View,  was  run 
down,  and  sent  to  Joliet  for  three  years.  Over  fifty  cases  were  de- 
veloped against  him  after  he  had  gone  down,  and  when  he  was  re- 
leased, in  the  summer  of  1887,  he  was  rearrested  and  given  twenty 
years.  Officer  Schuettler  Avas  a  valuable  aid  to  Captain  Schaack 
in  the  workmg  up  of  the  Kledzic  murder  mystery,  for  which  Mul- 
kowsky  was  arrested  and  hanged.  But  his  widest  reputation  was 
gained  during  the  anarchist  troubles.  He  it  was  who  tracked 
Lingg,  the  bomb-maker,  to  his  hiding  place  on  the  South  Side,  and 


378  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

there  bearded  him  in  bis  deu.  Liu<jg  made  n  desperate  resistance, 
tryinj,'  bis  utmost  to  kill  tlio  ollicor  witli  a  kuife  or  revolver;  but 
Scbiiettler,  beiuj,'  youn},''  and  strou<^  as  an  ox,  overpowered  him  by 
main  strength,  and  made  him  a  prisoner. 

BARTHOLOMEW  FLYNN  is  a  native  of  County  Meath,  Ireland, 
where  be  was  born  Aug.  14,  1842.  When  20  years  of  age  he  came 
to  Chicago,  and  six  years  later  joined  tlie  jjolico  force.  He  served 
at  the  old  Armory  at  Franklin  and  Adams  streets,  and  after  the  big 
fire  was  sent  to  the  West  Side,  and  finally  to  the  Harrison  street 
station.  From  there  he  was  transferred  to  the  Central.  The  best 
work  he  has  done  on  the  force  was  the  running  down  and  captur- 
ing of  the  clever  counterfeiter,  Walter  P.  Carter.  Carter  had 
rented  rooms  from  an  old  policeman  on  the  West  Side,  and  in  these 
rooms  had  concealed  one  of  the  finest  and  most  complete  counter- 
feiting outfits  that  a  man  could  wish.  His  hiding  place  was  dis- 
covered, and  so  clear  a  case  made  on  him  that  he  pleaded  guilty 
and  took  a  five-year  sentence.  Officer  Flynn  has  handled  scores  of 
important  cases  in  bis  time.  He  resigned  from  the  force  in  1879, 
and  was  reappointed  to  the  detective  force  in  1886. 

MARTIN  D.  RINGROSE  was  born  in  Ireland  Nov.  11, 1850.  He  came 
to  Chicago  in  1865,  and  in  1873  was  appointed  to  the  police  force 
and  assigned  to  the  old  Madison  street  station.  Here  be  served 
through  the  riots  of  1877,  and  while  traveling  a  beat  was  shot  at  by 
Doc.  Fitz,  alias  James  Fitzpatrick,  who  had  shot  Officer  Kecfe  a 
day  or  two  before.  Officer  Ringrose  grappled  with  him  and  landed 
him  at  the  station.  He  saw  him  go  down  for  ten  years  for  the  as- 
sault on  Keefe  and  a  case  of  robbery.  Mike  Sullivan,  highway- 
man, Cusick,  Elligott,  Scully,  and  Healy,  burglars,  and  a  score  of 
less  noted  criminals,  were  sent  to  Joliet  by  this  officer.  He  was  as- 
signed to  the  force  at  the  Central  station  in  July,  1887. 

JAMES  MORGAN  is  one  of  the  veterans  of  the  detective  force.  He 
entered  it  in  1861,  Avhen  he  was  thirty-three  years  of  age,  and  has 
served  continuously  ever  since.  He  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  but  has 
lived  in  Chicago  since  be  was  a  mere  baby.  His  specialty  in  the 
detective  department  is  the  running  down  of  horse  thieves.  He 
has  a  personal  acquaintance  with  every  animal  oi  note  in  the 
Northwest,  and  can  identify  a  horse  on  the  darkest  night  that  ever 
grew.  He  has  broken  up  more  gangs  of  horse  thieves  than  any 
other  man  in  the  country.  His  methods  are  peculiarly  his  own, 
and  he  never  "  gives  anything  away."  From  early  in  1875  he  has 
devoted  himself  to  this  one  class  of  cases  with  a  success  that  has 
been  almost  i)benonienal.  In  1879  ho  broke  up  a  gang  of  which 
Harry  Smith,  Dempster,  Cass  Lyons,  Bates,  and  Pierce  were  the 
shining  lights,  and  who,  with  twenty-five  or  thirty  others,  were 
getting  away  with  a  great  deal  of  horse-flesb  through  Wisconsin 


THE    DETECTIVE    HERVICE.  87'J 

and  Illinois.  The  Knights  fjanj?,  with  wliich  Bill  Mead  was  con- 
nected; George  Gay's  gaui^-,  with  Sarah  Wheeler  and  tlie  Hickson 
brothers;  Gaorje  Craij^,  Burdy,  Nash,  and  True — these  are  some  of 
the  illustrious  names  that  adorn  "Jim"  Morgan's  note  book  as  vic- 
tims of  his  relentless  hatred  for  the  being  who  would  steal  a  horse, 
and  most  of  them  have  caught  a  glimpse  of  Joliet  as  a  result  of  his 
good  work.  During  the  twelve  years  he  has  devoted  himself  to  this 
specialty  he  has  recovered  more  than  one  thousand  horses,  whose 
combined  value  would  reach  close  to  $325,000. 

TIMOTHY  McKEOUGH  is  one  of  the  youngest  detectives  in  the  de- 
partment, but  he  has  succeeded  in  making  for  himself  a  reputation 
that  a  much  older  officer  might  envy.  He  was  born  at  Saratoga 
Springs,  N.  Y.,  in  1860,  and  came  to  Chicago  when  he  was  seven 
years  of  age.  February  17, 1883,  he  first  entered  the  department  as 
a  patrolman  in  uniform,  but  it  was  only  a  short  time  before  he 
showed  so  much  ability  that  his  superior  officers  ordered  his  trans- 
fer to  the  detective  force  at  the  Central  station.  June  23,  1885,  he 
arrested  the  notorious  Pennsylvania  outlaw,  Ike  Buzzard,  and 
turned  him  over  to  the  authorities  of  the  state  where  his  depreda- 
tions had  made  him  the  terror  of  half  a  dozen  counties.  It  was 
Detective  McKeough,  too,  who  succeeded  in  breaking  up  a  trouble- 
some gang  of  colored  thieves  which  had  given  a  deal  of  annoyance 
to  the  down  town  merchants.  Inviting-looking  display  windows 
were  broken  at  night  and  large  quantities  of  fine  goods  carried 
away.  This  work,  which  went  on  for  several  months,  was  finally 
stopped  by  Detective  McKeough,  who  corralled  the  gang,  Johnson, 
Wise,  Muller,  Turner,  and  Wheeler,  who  went  down  for  terms  of 
from  one  to  six  years. 

MICHAEL  H.  MARKS  is  another  of  the  young  men  on  the  Central  sta- 
tion force,  having  been  born  in  New  York  City  in  1860.  He  first 
came  to  Chicago  in  July,  1878,  and  six  years  later  was  appointed  to 
the  police  force.  He  served  as  patrolman  at  the  Cottage  Grove 
station,  and  three  months  later  was  transferred  to  Harrison  street, 
where  he  traveled  a  beat  and  worked  in  citizen's  clothes  till  Febru- 
ary 1, 1886,  when  he  was  detailed  on  the  force  at  headquarters.  He 
has,  on  many  occasions,  shown  the  possession  of  detective  ability  of 
a  high  order,  but  is  too  modest  to  have  anything  said  about  it. 

WILLIAM  B.  THORPE  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  men  attached  to 
the  detective  force.  He  is  a  Canadian  by  birth,  having  been  bom 
at  Hamilton,  Out.,  in  1842.  When  he  was  20  years  old  he  came  to 
Chicago,  and,  after  following  his  trade  for  a  number  of  years,  ap- 
plied for  and  obtained  an  appointment  on  the  police  force.  He 
served  in  uniform  at  the  West  Lake  and  old  West  Madison  street 
stations,  and  at  the  latter  station  while  working  in  citizen's  clothes 
did  his  first  "fly"  duty.     Since  1885  he  has  made  a  specialty  of  the 


380  THE    CHICAGO    TOLICE. 

pawnshop  work,  but  this  has  not  prevented  him  from  rendering 
excellent  service  outside  of  his  specialty.  Through  his  efforts, 
aided  by  his  tlien  partner,  P.  B.  Tierney,  Thorpe  was  the  means  of 
breaking  up  the  Proctor  gang  of  safe-blowers.  Proctor  and  his 
partners,  Johnny  Murry,  Manion  the  "Scout,"  Tom  Fitzpatrick, 
Jack  Edwards  and  Jim  Donavan,  had  done  a  good  deal  of  clever 
safe-blowing  during  1885,  Over  twenty  establishments  had  been 
visited  and  the  plunder  secured  had  amounted  up  into  the  thou- 
sands. Thorpe  and  Tierney  spotted  Manion  in  a  restaurant  with  a 
couple  of  partners,  at  No.  258  State  street,  and  Manion,  who  was  a 
desperate  fellow,  had  a  revolver  up  his  sleeve  ready  for  use.  The 
officers  stepped  in  with  their  hands  in  their  overcoat  pockets. 
Each  held  in  his  right  hand  a  revolver  Avith  which  he  covered  one 
of  the  party.  The  crooks,  appreciating  the  situation,  made  no  re- 
sistance, and  were  soon  under  lock  and  key.  With  Manion  as  a 
starter,  it  did  not  take  long  to  corral  the  whole  gang.  Detectives 
James  Bonfield  and  Reinhold  Meyer  were  assigned  on  the  case 
with  them  and  aided  in  bringing  the  matter  to  a  successful  issue. 
Every  one  of  the  gang  was  captured,  the  tools  and  a  lot  of  dyna- 
mite recovered  from  an  ash  heap  in  the  rear  of  No.  13i)  Brown 
street,  and  so  complete  a  case  made  against  them  that  every  one 
went  down  for  a  term  of  years.  Their  stealings  in  two  mouths  ex- 
ceeded .$30,000. 

SAMUEL  A.  ELLIS,  detailed  on  the  pawnshops,  is  one  of  the  oldest 
officers  in  the  department.  He  was  born  in  London,  England,  in 
1834:,  and  came  to  this  country  when  but  five  years  old.  His  parents 
came  to  Chicago,  and  here  he  lived  until  he  was  man  grown,  when 
he  joined  the  police  force.  This  was  in  1856,  and  Chicago  then 
was  not  much  of  a  city.  John  M.  Donnelly  was  city  marshal  and 
the  force  did  not  consist  of  more  than  a  dozen  men.  Ellis  was 
assigned  to  the  old  Market  Hall  where  Mike  Finucane  was  in 
charge,  and  there  he  remained  till  the  breaking  out  of  the  war, 
when  he  responded  to  the  call  of  the  country  he  had  learned  to 
love.  He  enlisted  in  the  Eighty-ninth  Illinois  Infantry,  Co.  C,  of 
which  he  was  made  lieutenant,  and  with  it  he  remained  till 
wounded  at  Stone  River,  when  he  returned  to  Chicago.  For  two 
years  he  was  laid  up,  but  as  soon  as  he  got  well  he  returned  to  the 
police  force,  and  was  assigned  to  the  old  Huron  street  station, 
where  he  remained  in  charge  until  the  time  of  the  great  fire. 
After  that  calamity  he  was  transferred  to  the  City  Hall,  where  he 
served  as  a  detective  under  Thomas  Moore.  This  position  he  held 
until  1873,  when  Elmer  Washburn  made  him  chief  of  detectives. 
A  little  later  he  was  matle  a  captain  and  given  charge  of  the  second 
precinct,  where  he  had  command  of  the  police  during  the  memorable 
lumber  riots  of  1875.  In  1876  he  was  returned  to  the  Central  station 
with  the  rank  of  detective,  and  there  he  remained  till  transferred 


THE    DETECTIVE    «E11VICE.  881 

to  the  West  Madison  street  station  as  desk  sergeant  in  1880.  In 
188G  he  was  transferred  to  the  Central  station  again,  and  in  1887  was 
looking  after  the  pawnshops.  As  patrolman,  commanding  oflScer 
and  detective,  Officer  Ellis  has  had  some  strange  experiences  and 
done  some  clever  work.  He  did  a  great  deal  of  important  work  on 
the  Gumbleton  mystery  for  which  others  got  the  credit.  This  was 
the  case  where  a  stranger  named  Gumbleton  was  found  dead  on 
the  lake  shore,  where  he  had  been  murdered.  His  murderer  was  sup- 
posed to  be  a  companion  with  whom  he  had  been  seen.  This  man's 
name,  it  was  learned,  wiis  Zeigenmeyer,  and  he  had  disappeared 
after  the  crime.  He  was  located  in  Germany,  arrested,  extradited, 
brought  home,  tried,  convicted  and  sentenced  to  the  penitentiary, 
where  he  died  afterward.  In  the  stories  of  the  work  on  the  case 
that  have  appeared  since.  Officer  Ellis  received  but  a  small  share 
of  the  credit  that  really  belonged  to  him.  His  arrest  of  the  clever 
forger,  Livingstone,  who  made  two  attempts  to  kill  the  officer 
after  his  capture,  won  him  a  wide  reputation.  Commodore  Van- 
derbilt,  whose  name  Livingstone  had  forged  for  $75,000,  sent  Ellis 
an  annual  pass  over  his  lines,  and  the  bank  from  which  the  money 
had  been  obtained  sent  him  a  check.  These  are  only  two  of  the 
hundreds  of  cases  that  have  made  "  Sam "  Ellis  one  of  the  best 
known  officers  in  the  West. 

ANDREW  ROHAN  first  saw  the  light  in  the  little  town  of  White  Gate, 
county  Galway,  Ireland,  and  when  nineteen  years  of  age  came  to 
this  country  and  Chicago.  March  27,  1874,  he  joined  the  police 
force,  serving  as  a  patrolman  until  November  18,  1882,  when,  in 
recognition  of  his  excellent  services  in  running  down  the  murderer 
of  Officer  John  Huebner,  of  the  West  Chicago  avenue  station,  he 
was  appointed  on  the  detective  department.  This  was  one  of  the 
mysterious  crimes  of  the  day,  and  for  a  long  time  it  seemed  that  it 
would  never  be  cleared  up.  But  Detective  Rohan,  assisted  by  Offi- 
cer John  Stift,  ran  the  murderer  down.  The  man  was  James 
Tracy,  and  so  complete  was  the  chain  of  evidence  against  him  that 
he  was  convicted  and  paid  the  penalty  on  the  gallows,  September 
15, 1882.  In  connection  with  Detective  Reinhold  Meyer  he  spotted 
and  arrested  the  murderer,  Luke  Phipps,  who  killed  his  wife  on  a 
ferry  boat  running  between  Detroit  and  Windsor.  He  had  been 
arrested,  and  escaped  from  jail,  going  to  Roseland,  111.,  where  he 
opened  a  billiard  hall.  There  he  was  arrested  and  turned  over  to 
the  Canadian  authorities,  by  whom  he  was  hung.  Detective  Rohan 
rendered  valuable  service  in  the  solving  of  the  mystery  surround- 
ing the  murder  of  Phillipo  Caruso,  the  Italian,  for  whose  killing 
three  men  were  executed.  Charles  Mitchell,  a  colored  murderer, 
was  arrested  by  Detective  Rohan  and  turned  over  to  the  Louisville 
authorities.  The  noted  Page  gang  of  robbers,  whose  depredations 
were  tho  talk  of  the  day,  was  broken  up  and  its  members  convicted 


382  Tin;    ciiicago   police. 

through  the  efforts  of  Detective  Rohan.  Frank  Boyle,  Harry 
Bennett  and  John  Valentine  were  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  terms 
ranging  from  eight  to  seventeen  years.  Of  cases  of  lesser  import- 
ance he  has  handled  as  many  as  usually  fall  to  men  in  his  position, 
and  success  has  almost  invariably  attended  his  efforts. 

REINHOLD  MEYER  is  a  Chicago  boy,  having  been  bom  in  this  city 
September  10,  1859.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  June  1, 
1882,  and  assigned  to  travel  a  beat  in  the  Harrison  street  district. 
There  he  remained  till  October  1,  1883,  when  the  aptitude  he  had 
shown  at  detective  work  caused  the  authorities  to  transfer  him  to 
the  Central  station,  with  which  force  ho  has  been  since  connected. 
Most  of  the  time  he  was  associated  with  Detective  Rohan,  and  with 
him  shared  the  credit  of  locating  and  arresting  Luke  Phipps,  the 
Canadian  murderer  Though  his  efforts  the  Thomas  Dowd  gang 
of  postoffice  burglars,  who  bound  and  gagged  the  postmaster  at 
Mt.  Forest,  111.,  and  stole  all  of  value  about  the  place,  was  broken 
up  and  its  members  arrested.  They  were  sent  to  Joliet  for  long 
stretches.  He  was  associated  with  Detectives  Thorpe,  Tierney  and 
Bonfield  in  the  breaking  up  of  the  Procter  gang  of  safe-blowers, 
his  share  of  the  work  being  a  clever  demonstration  of  what  a 
good  detective  can  do. 

JAMES  H.  BONFIELD  is,  probably,  better  known  to  the  public  than 
almost  any  other  man  on  the  detective  force — at  least  by  name. 
His  prominence  in  the  anarchist  trials,  as  an  assistant  to  Messrs. 
Grinnell  and  Furthmanu,  accounts  for  this.  He  is  a  younger 
brother  of  Inspector  John  Bonfield,  and  was  bom  at  Buffalo,  N. 
Y.,  December  25,  1842,  and  he  came  to  Chicago,  with  his  parents, 
when  a  baby.  As  a  young  man,  he  was  deputy  Sor.th  Town 
assessor,  and  from  1877  to  1879  was  a  bailiff"  in  the  Criminal  Court, 
iinder  Sheriffs  Agnew  and  Kern.  In  1879  he  was  made  an  assist- 
ant jailer  under  Sheriff  Hoffman,  and  in  1881  was  appointed  to  the 
detective  department,  and  assigned  to  the  Twenty-second  street 
station.  For  fjiiling  to  work  for  McGarigle  when  he  ran  for 
sheriff.  Officer  Bonfield  was  reduced  to  the  rank  of  patrolman,  and 
made  to  travel  a  beat  for  seven  months.  Austin  Doyle  restored 
him  to  the  rank  of  detective,  and  transferred  him  to  the  Central 
station  in  ]882.  Perhaps  the  best  work  he  has  done  was  in  the 
Caruso  murder  case,  upon  which  he  Avas  engaged  AA-ith  his  partner, 
Officer  John  McDonald.  Phillipo  Caruso,  a  young  fruit  vendor, 
was  murdered  in  his  room,  at  No.  96  Tilden  avenue,  in  the  midst 
of  an  Italian  settlement,  his  body  forced  into  a  trunk,  and  shipped 
away  to  Pittsburg.  Here  it  was  discovered,  and  the  only  clew 
upon  which  the  officer  had  to  work  was  a  money  order  bearing  the 
names  of  Phillipo  Caruso  and  another  Italian,  and  which  had 
been  issued  at  the  Chicago  postoffice.    "With  this  as  a  starter, 


THE    DETECTIVE    SERVICE.  ;}S3 

Bontield  auJ  bis  partner  set  to  work.  They  found  the  sicoud 
Italian,  whose  name  was  on  the  order,  and  he  exphiined  that 
Caruso  had  got  him  to  forward  some  money  to  the  old  coun- 
try, just  as  others  of  his  countrymen  had  done.  From  him  they 
learned  the  address  where  Caruso  had  lived,  and  the  house  was 
watched.  A  letter  was  intercepted  from  one  Gelardi,  who,  it  ap- 
peared, had  started  for  Italy  via  New  York,  and  Inspector  Byrnes 
was  telegraphed  to  look  out  for  him.  As  the  baggageman  (Rear- 
don)  who  had  handled  the  trunk  could  identify  the  man  who  had 
checked  the  trvmk,  Detective  Bonfleld  took  him  with  him,  and 
started  for  New  York.  When  he  got  there,  he  found  that  Gelardi 
had  been  arrested,  and  the  prisoner  was  picked  out  of  a  party  of 
prisoners  by  Reardon.  With  his  prisoner,  Bonfield  returned  to 
Chicago.  Then  No.  96  Tilden  avenue  was  pulled,  and  all  of  the 
occupants  locked  up.  Among  them  was  an  old  man  named  Bovo, 
who,  after  a  day  or  two  in  the  lock-up,  was  prevailed  upon  to  make 
a  statement,  from  which  it  appeared  that  there  had  been  a  regular 
conspiracy  to  kill  Caruso.  Gelardi,  with  two  companions — Syl- 
vestri  and  Azari — were  the  conspirators.  They  prepared  a  rope, 
and,  one  morning,  while  Caruso  sat  in  a  chair,  expecting  that  he 
was  to  be  shaved  by  one  of  them,  the  rope  was  thrown  about  his 
neck,  and  he  was  strangled.  Then  they  took  what  money  he  had, 
and  shipped  the  body  away.  The  murder  was  committed  in  Bovo's 
presence,  but  he  was  afraid  they  would  kill  him  if  he  informed. 
One  of  the  prisoners  confirmed  Bovo's  story,  and,  with  very  little 
more  work,  so  complete  a  chain  of  evidence  was  forged  that  all 
three  of  the  principals  were  executed  for  the  crime.  Officer  Bon- 
field arrested  Spies  and  Schwab,  the  anarchists,  in  the  raid  on  the 
Arbeiter  Zeitung  office,  and  made  numerous  other  arrests  in  the 
case  He  was  the  officer  who  worked  up  the  cases  against  the  burg- 
lars, "  Boody"  Mason  and  "Bat"  Shea,  who  had  been  cleaning 
out  houses  all  over  the  West  Division.  The  result  was  the  arrest 
of  fourteen  people — pawnbrokers,  middlemen,  ;md  so  on — and  the 
recovery  of  $6,000  worth  of  stuff.  Of  the  fourteen  arrested,  eleven 
went  to  the  penitentiary — three  for  twenty  and  one  for  fifteen  years; 
two  (the  pawnbrokers)  jumped  to  Canada,  and  one  was  acquitted. 
Officer  Bonfield  is  a  veteran  soldier,  having  enlisted  in  Troop  "B"  of 
McClellan's  Dragoons  in  October  of  1861,  and  acted  as  body-guard 
to  "Little  Mac"  till  he  was  relieved  of  command.  At  Williamsburg, 
after  the  evacuation  of  Yorktown,  while  riding  alongside  the  Prince 
de  Joinville,  who  was  on  McClellan's  staff,  Bonfield  was  shot  in 
the  mouth  by  a  glancing  bullet,  losing  a  part  of  his  jaw  and  several 
teeth.  He  was  in  the  second  Bull  Run,  Gettysburg,  and  Freder- 
icksburg, and  afterward  went  up  tiie  Red  River  with  Banks.  At 
Bayou  Lafouche,  while  scouting,  in  1863,  he  was  captured,  with 
some  other  men  of  his  regiment,  by  Captain  Farrell,  of  a  Louisiana 
regiment.     They  were  being  closely  pressed  by  the  Federals,  and 


384  THE     CHICAGO     TOLICE. 

Furrell  ordered  Bonfield,  who  was  ridinjj  a  splendid  animal,  to 
change  with  him,  as  his  mount  was  a  badly  blown  pony.  They 
had  taken  Bonfield's  carbine  away  from  him,  but  had  overlooked 
his  revolver.  Farrell  and  he  had  dropped  a  little  behind  the  body 
of  his  command,  and  while  pretending  to  be  willing  to  comply  with 
the  captain's  order,  shot  his  captor  dead,  turned  his  horse,  and  in 
half  an  hour  was  within  the  Union  lines,  having  been  a  prisoner 
about  two  hours.  His  carbine  Avas  recaptured  by  Captain  Has- 
broucke  Davis,  who  had  it  engraved  with  the  dates  of  capture  and 
recapture,  and  presented  it  to  Officer  Bonfield,  whose  home  it  now 
adorns. 

WILLIAM  A.  HAETMAN  is  a  native  of  Canton,  O.,  where  he  was  bom 
March  31, 1856.  He  came  to  Chicago  when  two  years  old,  and  in 
1877  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  and  assigned  to  Deering 
street  station.  The  railroad  riots  of  that  year  occurred  while  he 
Avas  putting  in  his  time  and  those  sixty  days  were  marked  by  some 
very  lively  experiences.  The  new  policeman  was  shot  at,  and  be- 
came mixed  up  in  numerous  rows  with  gangs  of  toughs  bent  on 
mischief  during  the  excitement.  Officer  Hartman  resigned  after 
the  riots  were  over  and  went  West.  In  1884  he  returned  to  Chicago 
and  was  appointed  with  the  three  hundred  men  jiut  on  in  Decem- 
ber of  that  year.  He  was  assigned  to  the  Cottage  Grove  station 
where  he  remained  till  transferred  to  the  Central  July  8, 1887.  A 
curious  case  in  which  Officer  Hartman  was  interested  is  worth  re- 
cording. One  night  while  traveling  a  beat  a  resident  of  the  neigh- 
borhood complained  to  him  that  his  house  had  been  entered  by 
thieves  and  a  great  deal  of  valuable  stuff  taken.  He  had  no  idea 
who  the  crooks  were.  Hartman  said  he  would  report  it  and 
started  toward  the  patrol  box  to  telephone  to  the  station.  Just  as 
he  approached  the  box  a  Cottage  Grove  avenue  car  rolled  by  and 
standing  on  the  step,  as  if  ready  to  alight,  were  two  negroes,  one  of 
whom  had  a  big  bundle  in  his  arms.  When  they  saw  the  officer 
they  drew  back  into  the  car.  This  aroused  Hartman's  suspicions, 
but  the  car  was  too  far  gone  for  him  to  catch  it.  He  noted  the 
number,  and  then  stepping  into  the  jjatrol  box  telephoned  to  the 
station  for  the  sergeant  to  board  car  No.  182  and  see  what  the  ne- 
groes had  in  the  bundle.  The  car  had  just  reached  the  station 
when  the  message  was  received,  and  the  sergeant  hopped  aboard, 
collared  the  negroes  and  took  them  into  the  station,  where  it  was 
found  that  they  were  loaded  with  stolen  goods,  among  them  the 
things  of  which  the  gentleman  had  notified  Officer  Hartman.  They 
went  to  the  penitentiary  for  ten  and  two  years  each. 

WILLIAM  H.  JONES  is  a  native  of  England,  where  he  was  born  Sept. 
23,  1848.  He  came  to  Chicago  in  May,  1866,  and  for  a  short  time 
followed  his  trade  as  machinist.     After  the  great  fire  he  was  ap- 


THE    DETECTIVE   SERVICE.  385 

pointed  to  the  police  force  and  assigned  to  the  Twentysecoud 
street  station.  He  traveled  a  beat  for  four  years  and  then  was  put 
into  citizen's  clothes  and  assigned  to  special  duty.  While  on  this 
he  was  unfortunate  enough  to  kill  a  notorious  character,  "Kid" 
O'Brien,  and  thirteen  months  afterward  O'Brien's  friends  succeeded 
in  getting  the  officer  removed  from  the  force.  It  was  only  for  five 
months,  however,  and  in  1879  he  was  reappointed  and  placed  at 
Deering  street  station.  Here  he  worked  in  citizen's  clotlies  with 
Officer  Enright,  and  in  the  three  years  he  was  there  he  and  Enright 
arrested  and  sent  to  the  penitentiary  more  men  than  had  been  sent 
down  by  all  the  other  men  in  the  station  combined  since  the  station 
was  opened.  Among  other  cases  that  they  worked  up  successfully, 
although  others  got  much  of  the  credit,  was  the  robbery  of  the 
rolling  mills  office  at  the  corner  of  Archer  and  Ashland  avenues. 
Two  brothers,  named  Cavanaugh,  and  Alexander  McKay,  an  expert 
safe-blower,  Avent  to  the  penitentiary  for  this  job,  and  nearly  all  the 
^11,000  that  was  taken  was  recovered.  He  was  detailed  on  the 
force  at  the  Central  station  in  1884. 

JAMES  T.  O'DONNELL  was  bom  in  Chicago  March  23, 1860.  In  De- 
cember, 1884,  he  was  appoiuted  to  the  police  force,  and  assigned  to 
the  East  Chicago  avenue  station,  where  he  traveled  a  beat  but  four 
months  before  he  demonstrated  that  he  could  do  excellent  work  in 
citizen'o  clothes.  He  spent  two  months  working  on  the  Kleidzic 
murder  mystery  with  Officer  Lowenstein,  and  together  they  secured 
the  bulk  of  the  evidence  upon  which  the  murderer  Mulkowsky  was 
hanged.  The  victim  of  the  case  was  the  wife  of  a  poor  laborer 
named  Kleidzic.  The  littl  ^  home  was  invaded  one  day  by  a  stranger, 
who,  without  a  word  of  warning,  struck  her  dead  as  she  was  at 
work  at  her  household  duties.  With  her  died  her  unborn  child. 
The  little  home  was  rifled  of  a  small  sum  of  money  and  a  number 
of  pieces  of  jewelry  which  had  been  given  to  Mrs.  Kleidzic  by  her 
parents  and  friends  in  the  old  country.  The  case  was  a  very  blind 
one  for  the  police,  for  no  one  had  been  seen  to  enter  the  house,  and 
the  people  who  lived  downstairs  under  them  had  heard  no  unusual 
noise.  But  a  man  had  asked  some  questions  about  the  house  and 
inmates  a  few  days  before,  and  the  search  began  for  this  man. 
Capt.  Schaack,  in  whose  district  the  murder  had  occurred,  took  an 
active  interest  in  the  affair  and  pushed  it  in  every  possible  way. 
All  the  men  he  could  spare  were  detailed  upon  it,  but  it  fell  to  the 
lot  of  Officer  O'Donnell  and  his  partner  to  find  the  jewelry  that 
had  been  stolen  and  which  had  been  given  away  by  the  mur- 
derer, Frank  Mulkowsky.  His  arrest  followed,  and  then  convic- 
tion on  the  strongest  case  of  circumstantial  evidence  ever  taken 
into  court,  and  the  extreme  penalty  of  the  law  was  imposed. 
Officer  O'Donnell  also  did  excellent  work  in  unearthing  the  con- 


380  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

spiracy  in  the  anarchist  cases.    He  was  detailed  on  the  force  nt 
the  Central  Aug.  15,  1887. 

HENRY'  PALMER  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  men  on  the  detective 
force.  He  was  born  in  New  York  City  Se^jt.  21,  1836,  and  moved 
West  in  1849.  He  first  went  to  Milwaukee,  and  came  to  Chicago 
in  1853.  From  1877  to  1880  he  was  in  charge  of  the  detective  de- 
partment of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railway  Company  in  Chi- 
cago, and  in  1880  was  attached  to  the  city  detective  force  at  the  old 
Rookery.  He  has  made  a  specialty  of  pawnshop  work,  and  through 
him  there  were  convicted  and  sent  to  the  penitentiary  two  notorious 
pawnbrokers — something  that  had  never  been  done  until  he 
accomplished  it.  One  of  them  was  the  notorious  "  Original  "  An- 
drews, who  went  down  for  eight  years  for  receiving  stolen  prop- 
erty. He  had  staked  an  ex-con vict  named  Billy  Murray  and  then 
picked  out  places  for  him  to  "  work."  Murray,  being  an  expert 
"  pennyweighter,"  or  jewelry  thief,  was  able  to  bring  Mr.  Andrews 
a  great  deal  of  plunder,  but  Palmer  nipped  him  one  day  stealing 
diamonds  at  Giles  Bros.  Murray  "  gave  away  "  Andrews,  and  they 
both  went  to  the  penitentiary.  Emanuel  Isaacs  was  another 
"  fence  "  who  was  sent  down,  and  he  went  only  after  he  had  taken 
his  case  to  the  Supreme  Court.  One  of  the  most  interesting  cases 
with  which  Officer  Palmer  was  connected  was  that  of  Steele  and 
Carson,  the  burglars.  They  had  been  working  all  over  the  West 
Side  and  were  unknown  to  the  police.  Palmer  picked  up  Carson 
one  day  by  chance,  and,  suspecting  from  his  descrijjtion  that  he 
was  one  of  the  men  wanted,  he  was  put  in  the  •'  sweat  box."  Here 
he  remained  for  two  days,  but  finally  "  squealed  "  on  his  partner, 
whose  name  he  said  was  Steele,  and  who  lived  on  Fifth  avenue 
near  Polk  street.  It  was  no  use  going  after  him.  Palmer  was  told, 
because  Steele's  wife  always  came  to  the  door,  and  the  man  was  off 
at  the  slightest  warning.  Palmer  tliereupon  had  Carson  write  a 
letter  at  his  dictation  and  strolled  down  to  Mr.  Steele's  home.  Mrs. 
Steele  came  to  the  door.  No,  her  husband  was  not  at  home,  she 
said;  he  was  at  work.  Mr.  Palmer  was  very  sorry.  He  was  a  law- 
yer named  King,  and  he  had  come  from  a  young  man  named  Car- 
son who  was  in  a  little  trouble,  and  had  a  note  for  Mr.  Steele. 
Mrs.  Steele  was  interested.  If  he'd  come  in  she  would  see  if  she 
could  find  her  husband.  Steele  turned  up  within  two  minutes,  all 
of  a  flutter.  Palmer  explained  that  Carson  Avas  arrested  for  car- 
rying concealed  weapons,  and  that  they  must  get  him  out  and 
away  before  the  police  could  "  get  onto  "  him.  If  Steele  had  the 
money  they  could  go  around  to  the  station  and  deposit  ^25,  and 
then  Carson  could  "  skip."  Steele  said  he  could  raise  the  mont-y, 
but  he  didn't  want  to  go  to  the  station.  He  had  heard  that  Palmer, 
the  pawnshop  man,  had  a  description  of  him,  and  he  feared  arrest. 
Palmer  told  him  there  would  be  no  one  at  tlic  stntion  th.i:,  fo.-  it 


THE    DETECTIVE    HEKVICE.  387 

was  about  uoon.  Steele  finally  agreed  to  go,  but  before  he  did  so 
he  shaved  off  a  heavy  moustache  and  covered  his  fair  face  with  a 
preparation  that  turned  him  as  brown  as  a  berry..  Then,  with  a 
slouch  hat  on  the  back  of  his  head,  he  looked  as  perfect  a  farm- 
hand as  ever  traveled  behind  a  plow.  They  started  for  the  station. 
Palmer  had  Officer  Tieruey  "  planted  "  in  a  neighboring  alley  and 
had  told  him  to  arrest  Steele  as  they  were  passing  by.  But  Steele's 
appearance  was  so  totally  different  from  Carson's  description  that 
Tierney  failed  to  recognize  him.  He  followed  along  over  to  the 
station,  however,  and  got  the  tip  from  Palmer  that  this  was  the 
man.  He  was  very  much  surprised,  but  not  half  so  much  as 
Steele  when  the  officer  tajjped  him  on  the  shoulder  and  told  him  to 
consider  himself  under  arrest.  He  was  obliged  to  admire  Palmer's 
work  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  he  was  the  victim,  and  shook  hands 
with  the  officer  on  the  strength  of  it.  About  $6,000  worth  of  stuff 
was  recovered,  and  the  men  went  down  to  Joliet,  Steele  for  five 
and  Carson  for  three  years. 

FBEEMAN  STEELE  is  the  youngest  officer  at  the  Central  station.  He 
was  born  January  22,  1864,  and  is  the  eldest  son  of  Lieutenant 
Edward  Steele.  He  came  to  Chicago  with  his  parents  and  entered 
the  force  as  a  patrolman,  under  his  father,  at  the  West  Chicago 
avenue  station,  September  11,  1885.  June  9,  1887,  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Central  station.  He  is  a  young  man  of  great  promise. 
He  proved  the  possession  of  unlimited  courage  in  a  struggle  with 
a  desperado  named  "  Tommy  "  Smith  in  the  West  Chicago  avenue 
district.  Young  Steele  and  his  partner,  Officer  Loftus,  caught 
Smith  as  he  was  coming  out  of  a  house,  and  the  desperado  at  once 
drew  his  revolver  and  tried  to  put  an  end  to  the  younger  man.  Lof- 
tus grabbed  the  sleeve  of  the  right  arm  and  pushed  the  weapon  to 
one  side,  whereupon  Smith  so  twisted  the  pistol  that  he  had  a  drop 
on  Loftus.  Just  as  he  pulled  the  trigger,  Steele  thrust  his  finger  in 
between  the  hammer  and  the  cartridge,  and  before  their  man  could 
make  another  move  they  had  him  overpowered.  He  was  a  member 
of  Lieutenant  Quinn's  company  at  the  Haymarket  riot,  and  was 
shot  in  the  side.  The  ball  followed  a  rib  around  to  the  spine,  tear- 
ing the  flesh  loose  from  the  bone,  and  it  was  four  months  before  he 
was  able  to  get  out  again. 

WILLIAM  STEWAKT  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  born  Jan- 
uary 9,  1842.  He  came  to  Chicago  in  1857,  and  in  1872  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force.  For  five  years  he  served  at  the  Har- 
rison street  station,  and  was  then  transferred  to  the  Central,  where 
he  remained  till  1879,  when  he  resigned.  He  was  reappointed  in 
May,  1887.  He  worked  with  Lieutenant  (then  detective)  Steele  on 
the  "  Clipper  "  Flynn-Mahoney  robbery  case,  where  the  two  young 
fellows  were  neatly  trapped  and  sent  to  the  penitentiary,  where 

31 


388  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

they  could  do  no  harm.  He  arrested  Crawford,  for  the  murder  of 
old  man  Shandley,  and  sent  him  to  the  penitentiary  for  seventeen 
years.  Stewart  is  one  of  the  old  reliables  on  the  department, 
and  has  handled  hundreds  of  good  cases  in  his  time. 

DENNIS  SIMMONS  is  a  native  of  Queens  county,  Ireland,  where  he 
was  born  September  22,  1832.  He  came  to  America  with  his  pa- 
rents while  a  boy,  and  after  a  few  years  in  Connecticut,  came  to 
Chicago.  March  7, 1861,  Dennis  was  appointed  to  the  police  force — 
a  force  which  was  at  that  time  a  very  small  one.  He  was  on  duty  as 
patrolman  at  the  old  West  Market  hall  for  a  short  time,  and  then 
was  transferred  to  the  old  Chicago  &  Alton  depot,  where  he  was 
on  duty  four  years.  When  the  day  squad  was  organized  undc^-  Offi- 
cer William  McAuley,  Officer  Simmons  was  one  of  the  fii-  it  men 
appointed  to  it.  He  held  a  crossing  for  five  years,  and  then  was 
made  a  detective  and  assigned  to  headquarters  in  the  old  west 
wing  of  the  court  house.  Since  1882,  Detective  Simmons  has  been 
detailed  especially  on  the  banks.  His  familiarity  with  bank  sneaks 
renders  this  position  an  appropriate  one.  In  his  day  he  has  hand- 
led some  of  the  most  important  cases  that  have  been  entrusted  to 
the  force  at  the  Central  station.  The  Reid  and  Pierson  gang  of 
burglars  was  broken  up  by  him.  The  story  is  an  interesting  one. 
Pierson  had  gone  up  to  St.  Paul  to  lay  out  a  plan  for  a  little  safe- 
blowing  expedition.  While  there  he  stepped  into  a  dry  goods  store 
to  buy  a  paper  collar,  and  was  at  once  struck  by  the  favorable  loca- 
tion of  the  place  for  a  burglary,  and  he  accordingly  telegraphed 
to  his  partner  in  Chicago,  a  fellow  named  Reid,  to  join  him.  To- 
gether they  got  into  the  place  and  selected  the  choicest  silks 
and  satins  in  stock,  carrying  away  with  them  about  S15,000 
worth  of  property.  This  they  put  into  a  Saratoga  trunk,  got  into 
a  skiff,  and  floated  down  as  far  as  Winona,  where  they  took  the 
next  train  for  Chicago.  The  Chicago  police  were  notified,  and  De- 
tective Simmons,  among  others,  went  to  work  on  the  case.  At  the 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  depot  he  found  an  old  expressman  who 
remembered  a  couple  of  "traveling  men"  with  a  heavy  trunk— so 
heavy  that  in  handling  it  he  had  got  a  "  crick  "  in  his  back.  They 
had  given  him  five  dollars,  telling  him  they  would  do  their  own 
driving,  and  would  return  his  wagon  within  a  very  little  time.  He 
let  them  have  it,  but  followed  them  to  see  where  they  went,  and  this 
information  he  imparted  to  the  officer.  The  men  were  arrestetl  in 
their  room  at  the  corner  of  Jackson  and  Desplaines  street;  and 
were  taken  back  to  St.  Paul,  where  they  got  four  years  each.  The 
property  was  recovered.  Another  case  ante-dating  the  Reid-Pier- 
son  matter  was  that  of  the  Landgraf-Mott  gang  of  "  kid  "  burglars, 
that  worked  so  successfully  in  Chicago  in  1873-4.  One  night  they 
went  into  the  lace  store  of  a  man  nametl  Mendelson,  on  Washing- 
ton street    opposite  the  old  Field    A-   Leiter  establishment,  and 


THE    DETECTIVE    SERVICE.  389 

took  out  SIS.OOO  worth  of  the  finest  kinds  of  laces.  Landgraf  and 
Mott  had  two  partners,  Corley  and  Hermann,  and  all  of  them  were 
under  eighteen  years  of  age.  By  the  hardest  kind  of  detective 
work,  it  was  developed  that  the  thieves  were  probably  these  boys, 
and  they  were  finally  located  and  arrested.  In  addition  to  most  of 
the  Meudelscm  plunder,  the  officers  found  fine  cutlery  and  station- 
ery that  had  been  stolen  from  other  places.  Altogether  S12,000 
worth  of  property  was  recovered.  All  the  prisoners  were  too  young 
to  go  to  the  penitentiary,  and  were  given  eighteen  months  each 
in  the  house  of  correction. 

JAMES  WILEY  was  born  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  February  U,  1844.  He 
came  to  Chicago  in  1857,  and  was  appointed  to  the  police  force 
September  28,  1873.  He  served  first  at  the  West  Chicago  avenue 
station,  where  he  traveled  in  uniform,  and  he  was  afterward  trans- 
ferred to  the  Harrison  street  station,  where  he  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  detective,  after  having  traveled  a  beat  for  ten  days.  He 
has  been  at  the  Central  since,  and  has  done  his  share  of  the  good 
work  credited  to  the  Chicago  detective  force.  Among  others,  he 
worked  in  the  case  of  the  notorious  Har^-y  Myers,  alias  "Mul- 
doon,"  a  desperado  who  had  robbed  a  farmer  named  Fairbanks, 
near  Wheaton,  111.     Myers  was  given  fourteen  years. 

STEPHEN  B.  WOOD  was  born  at  Binghampton,  111.,  April  12,  1855. 
He  went  to  IMilwaukee  when  a  boy  and  for  twenty  years  was  in  the 
employ  of  the  St.  Paul  road  in  various  capacities.  He  started  in 
as  a  news  agent  in  1867,  was  made  a  train  hand  in  1870,  and  in  1876 
was  attached  to  the  police  department  of  the  road.  In  1880  he  left 
the  company  for  ten  months,  during  which  he  was  in  the  employ  of 
the  city  of  Milwaukee,  in  charge  of  the  detective  department. 
When  Detective  Palmer  left  the  position  of  chief  of  the  railroad 
detective  force  at  Chicago,  Officer  Wood  was  transferred  to  Chi- 
cago and  put  in  charge.  From  1881  to  1887,  when  he  lecame  at- 
tached to  the  city  detective  department.  Detective  Wood  made  his 
name  a  terror  to  the  men  who  make  a  specialty  of  "  working"  rail- 
way trains.  He  knew  every  confidence  operator  who  worked  in  the 
West,  and  the  moment  he  showed  up  on  a  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
train  that  moment  he  was  in  danger.  He  made  it  so  dangerous  for 
these  fellows,  in  fact,  that  they  let  the  road  entirely  alone.  Wood 
had  eighty  men  under  him,  and  he  kept  them  all  busy.  O'Don- 
nell,  the  Irishman,  who  afterward  killed  Gary,  the  informer,  was 
on  his  way  from  Montana  to  Philadelphia,  en  route  to  Ireland,  in 
1883,  when  he  dropped  .^2,500  to  Suell,  Allen,  and  Devine,  a  trio  of 
three-card  monte  sharks.  The  robbery  occurred  at  Red  Wing,  and 
Detective  Wood  got  the  thieves  when  they  reached  LaCrosse. 
They  spent  eight  months  in  jail  and  then  "squared"  it  with 
O'Donnell  who,  having  got  his  money,  left  the  country,  and  there 


;J<jO  THE    CHICAGO    I'OLICE. 

could  bo  no  prosecution.  They  fought  shy  of  the  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  after  that,  however.  Among  other  noted  operators  who  have 
learned  to  dislike  this  young  officer,  are  '*  Tommy  "  O'Brien,  Tray- 
lor,  "  Doc  "  Baggs,  "  Ed  "  Hayes,  "  Jim  "  Tripp,  Fred  Olley,  George 
Post,  "  Rebel  "  George  Kuowlton,  and  a  score  of  others  etjually  as 
accomplished  in  the  way  of  "skinning  suckers."  After  Officer 
Wood  had  cleared  the  road  of  these  characters,  he  spent  the  last 
two  years  Avith  the  company  looking  up  litigation  cases.  He  is  a 
valuable  man  on  the  city  force. 

WILLIAM  BOYD  is  a  native  of  New  York  City,  where  he  was  bom 
August  6,  1840.  When  14  years  of  age  he  came  to  Chicago,  and  in 
October,  1874,  joined  the  department.  He  was  first  assigned  to 
the  Hinman  street  station  when  it  was  opened  and  traveled  a  beat 
there  for  three  years.  He  was  then  transferred  to  the  Union  street 
station  where  he  remained  as  patrolman  till  the  patrol  wagon  was 
put  in  service,  when  he  was  assigned  to  drive  it.  This  position  he 
filled  until  1884,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Central  station  de- 
tective force  and  made  a  partner  of  James  Morgan,  with  a  specialty 
of  looking  after  horse  thieves  and  their  work.  In  this  branch  of 
the  serA-ice  he  has  been  very  valuable  to  the  department. 

IiOUIS  HAAS  was  born  in  Chicago  in  1844  and  was  appointed  to  the 
police  force  in  1881,  being  made  a  member  of  the  detective  force 
after  a  short  time  traveling  a  beat.  He  has  handled  a  great  many 
cases  during  the  time  he  has  been  with  the  department,  and  num- 
bers of  tough  people  are  in  Joliet  as  a  result  of  his  good  work. 

WILLIAM  E.  TCRNER  is  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  born 
in  1839.  He  came  to  Chicago  in  1869,  and  entered  the  force  April 
21,  1885.  His  position  is  a  clerical  one,  as  he  looks  after  the  records 
of  the  department  with  which  he  is  connected. 

WILLIAM  F.  SMITH  is  a  colored  detective  who  has  been  connected 
with  the  department  since  July  11, 1882,  when  he  was  assigned  to 
special  duty  at  the  Desplaines  street  station.  He  was  born  in 
Western  Ohio  June  6, 1856.  He  came  to  Chicago  directly  after  the 
great  fire,  and  after  he  had  joined  the  department  quickly  showed 
that  he  was  a  good  man.  He  was  accordingly  transferred  to  the 
Harrison  street  station  in  November  of  the  year  he  was  appointed, 
and  has  been  connected  from  that  time  as  a  regular  member  of  the 
detective  force.  During  the  latter  part  of  1885  and  the  early 
months  of  1886  he  sent  thirty-five  criminals  tolhe  penitentiary.  He 
was  interested  in  the  capture  of  Major,  the  colored  diamond  thief 
of  Washington,  wherein  several  thousand  dollars  worth  of  diamonds 
were  recovered.  Of  the  thirty-five  men  he  sent  down  in  the  short 
space  mentioned,  six  were  for  twenty  years  under  the  Habitual 
Criminal's  Act. 


THE    DETECTIVE    SERVICE.  :^91 

HORACE  M.  ELLTOTT  is  one  of  the  veteran  detectives  of  the  force, 
jiud  ranks  very  hif,'b  as  a  clover  man  in  his  business.  He  was  bom 
in  New  Hampshire  May  24,  1841,  and  in  1859  came  to  Chicago. 
After  an  attempt  to  "  reach  Pike's  Peak  or  bust,"  which  resulted 
in  a  clear  case  of  "  bust,"  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Chicago  and 
turned  his  attention  to  private  detective  work  for  railways,  and  in 
1861  was  appointed  to  the  detective  department  under  C.  P.  Bradley, 
.  at  the  old  court  house.  When  Col.  Hickey  was  made  cliief  of  police, 
Elliott  resigned,  and  was  off  the  force  for  two  years,  but  when 
Seavey  came  in  he  was  reappointed  at  the  Twenty-second  street 
station,  where  he  put  in  sixty  days  in  uniform.  In  1878,  he  was 
transferred  to  the  Harrison  street  station,  where  he  served  as  a  de- 
tective until  he  was  transferred  to  the  Central,  under  Simon 
O'Donuell,  in  1879.  One  of  the  earliest  and  most  important  cases 
that  Officer  Elliott  handled  was  that  of  the  forger  J.  B.  Cross, 
whose  cleverness  with  a  pen  caused  no  end  of  trouble  through  the 
Western  part  of  the  Uu  ted  States  early  in  1870.  He  made  a  spec- 
ialty of  checks,  and  was  so  clever  an  imitator  of  peculiar  writing, 
that  in  many  instances  the  business  man  whose  name  was  signed 
could  not  tell  whether  he  wrote  it  or  not.  Elliott  followed  the 
young  man  up,  arrested  him,  and  sent  him  down  for  six  years. 
His  partner,  a  man  named  Steele,  was  also  captured  and  sent  to 
the  penitentiary  for  thirteen  years.  Officer  Elliott,  with  Officer 
Wiley,  convicted  the  notorious  desperado,  Harry  Myers,  alias 
"  Muldoon,"  to  fourteen  years  for  the  Fairbank  robbery.  Wilson, 
the  Englishman  who  scattered  a  lot  of  bogus  £50  bank  of  England 
notes  through  the  West,  was  run  down  and  located  by  Detective 
Elliott.  He  was  arrested  and  taken  to  the  Desplaines  street 
station,  where,  after  being  confined  for  two  days,  he  bribed  a 
tramp  in  the  cell  corridor  to  unlock  his  door,  and  together  they 
escaped.  Wilson  went  to  Canada,  where  he  was  arrested  and  sent 
to  the  penitentiary  for  a  term  of  years.  Jo  Parish,  alias  "Seal- 
skin Joe,"  was  arrested  by  Detective  Elliott  and  sent  back  to  New- 
York  state,  where  he  was  convicted  and  sent  to  the  prison  at  Au- 
burn for  a  number  of  years.  These  are  only  a  few  of  the  hundreds 
of  cases  Officer  Elliott  has  handled.  In  addition  to  the  work  he 
has  done  for  the  city,  he  was  for  a  number  of  months  in  the  em- 
ploy of  the  government,  in  the  postoffice  department,  under  Post- 
master Ike  Cook,  and  there  he  did  a  great  deal  of  good  work  for 
Uncle  Sam. 

BERNARD  P.  BAER  was  born  at  Port  Washington,  Wis.,  May  27, 
1859.  He  came  to  Chicago  in  1877,  and  was  appointed  to  the  po- 
lice department  May  3,  1882.  He  traveled  a  beat  in  the  East 
Chicago  avenue  district  for  a  little  over  a  year,  and  then  was  made 
acting  dfesk  sergeant.  This  place  he  filled  from  October,  1883,  to 
April,  1884,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Central  station,  and 


392  THE     CHICAGO     TOLICE. 

made  chief  clerk  of  detective's  department,  where  he  remained  from 
April  17,  1884,  to  Aug.  1,  1885,  when  he  was  appointed  to  the  de- 
tective department.  He  was  detailed  to  break  up  the  policy  shops 
which  had  been  running  wide  open  for  a  number  of  years,  and  did 
his  work  speedily  and  well.  lie  has  handled  a  great  many  cases 
of  importance,  among  them  the  following:  James  Geohegan,  burg- 
lar; Minnie  Daly,  the  notorious  female  thief;  Dr.  Meyer,  the  Rusch- 
er-Grief  shooting  case;  Harry  Roberts,  the  noted  climbing  burglar; 
AVilliam  Hamilton,  the  furnished  room  worker,  who  was  sent  to 
Joliet  on  fifteen  charges  of  larceny;  Thomjjson  Adams,  the  burglar 
whom  he  sent  back  to  Meadville,  Pa.;  Melina  McShane,  the  female 
room  worker,  who  was  arrested,  sent  back  to  Ireland,  and  after- 
ward to  New  York,  where  she  was  arrested  and  sent  to  Sing  Sing; 
George  Williams,  the  hotel  thief,  arrested  at  the  Palmer  House, 
and  the  Parkinson-Gray-Thornton  gang,  which  had  gotten  away 
with  .f 2,500  worth  of  diamonds  from  Mrs.  Sherman  of  Broadhead, 
Wis.  There  were  hundreds  of  other  cases  in  which  he  played  a 
more  or  less  prominent  part,  but  these  were  the  most  noted. 

PATRICK  D.  TYRRELL  is  one  of  the  best  known  officers  in  the 
country,  his  record  while  in  the  secret  service,  attached  to  the  treas- 
ury department,  having  been  an  unusually  brilliant  one.  He  was 
born  in  the  city  of  Dublin,  March  1.3.  1835,  and  came  to  this  coun- 
try when  he  was  three  years  old.  His  family  settled  in  Buffalo^ 
and  there  he  remained  until  he  was  of  age,  having  in  the  mean- 
time learned  the  trade  of  shipwright.  In  1869  he  made  his  way 
west  to  Chicago,  where  hel)egan  to  do  some  private  detective  work 
on  patent  cases.  This  sort  of  work  he  kept  at  until  after  the  fire> 
when  he  joined  the  police  department,  doing  some  private  work  for 
the  police  board  for  a  time,  and  finally,  at  the  stiggestion  of  Man- 
eel  Talcott,  who  was  then  president  of  the  board,  he  was  put  on 
one  of  the  greatest  mysteries  that  ever  puzzled  the  police  depart- 
ment. It  was  known  as  the  Winnetka  case,  and  was  the  killing  of 
an  old  Irishman  named  Higgins,  who  was  found  dead  one  Sunday 
morning  with  a  bullet  hole  in  his  body  that  plainly  showed  how 
he  met  his  death.  There  was  absolutely  no  clew  upon  which  the 
officers  could  work.  Several  men  were  working  on  the  case  when 
Detective  Tyrrell  started  in.  and  within  a  few  weeks  landed  at  the 
Central  station  one  William  Swigart,  against  whom  he  made  a  per- 
fect case  of  circumstantial  evidence,  and  he  was  sent  down  for  life. 
Only  a  little  while  afterward  he  worked  to  a  successful  issue  the 
Shotwell  bond  robbery  case.  This  was  where  Mrs.  Charlotte  Shot- 
well  had  been  robbed  of  .S52,000  in  bonds.  It  was  thought  at  first 
that  the  bonds  had  been  taken  from  her  trunk  at  the  Tremont 
House,  but  Officer  Tyrrell's  investigation  showed  that  the  work  had 
been  done  at  Detroit.  There  he  found  that  the  bonds,  in  an  express 
package,  had  been  shipped  to  an  address  in  New  York,  and  on  going 


THE    DETECTIVE    SERVIOE.  393 

there  he  found  and  arrested  George  A.  Everett.  He  was  brought 
to  Chicago  and  held  to  the  graud  jury  in  bonds  of  ^75,000  by  Jus- 
tice Banyon.  He  was  intlicted,  but  the  case  was  never  tried,  and  it 
was  intimated  that  there  was  crookedness  somewhere  in  the  state's 
attorney's  ofHice  at  that  time.  As  a  city  detective,  Oflicor  Tyrrell 
broke  up  a  gang  of  burglars  that  had  been  stealing  goods  from  the 
Star  line  of  freight  cars,  and  solved  the  mystery  that  surrounded 
the  theft  of  .$21,000  from  Isaac  Mills,  a  guest  at  the  Tremout 
house.  J.  R.  Barron  was  arrested  for  this  and  the  Star  line  cases, 
and  was  sent  down  for  seven  years.  In  December,  1874,  when  El- 
mer "Washburn  was  made  chief  of  the  secret  service  department, 
Officer  Tyrrell  was  appointed  the  head  of  the  Chicago  force,  as  an 
agent  of  the  treasury  department.  He  arrested  Rittenhouse,  the 
counterfeiter,  and  sent  him  to  the  penitentiary;  broke  up  Tom 
Ballard's  famous  gang;  stopped  the  work  and  arrested  the  princi- 
pals of  the  Wolsey  gang,  of  Clear  Lake,  Iowa;  but  the  most  fa- 
mous counterfeiting  case  he  handled  was  that  of  the  Driggs  and 
Ben  Boyd  gang.  These  people  had  been  working  in  the  West,  and 
had  flooded  the  country  with  some  very  excellent  bills.  Washburn 
told  Tyrrell  one  day  in  February,  1885,  that  if  he  could  get  onto  the 
Ben  Boyd  people,  and  get  them  "dead  to  rights,"  that  he  would 
break  the  back-bone  of  counterfeiting  in  the  United  States.  Tyr- 
rell devoted  himself  to  that  one  matter  for  nearly  a  year,  and  at 
the  end  of  that  time  had  Driggs,  Boyd,  and  seven  others  more  or 
less  mixed  up  in  the  shoving  of  the  qiieer,  $132,800  in  counterfeit 
money,  seventeen  sets  of  plates,  which  included  fourteen  different 
kinds  of  five  dollar  bills  on  banks  in  Illinois,  their  presses,  and 
everything  else  pertaining  to  the  business.  Driggs  got  fifteen  years 
and  a  fine  of  S5,000,  and  Boyd  ten  years,  and  the  others  shorter 
terms  in  the  penitentiary.  From  the  Tom  Ballard  gang  he  got 
$36,000  in  bogus  money,  and  from  the  Wolsey  gang,  five  sets  of 
plates.  Out  of  the  sixteen  counterfeiting  cases,  considered  of  great 
importance,  which  were  worked  up  in  the  United  States  by  all  of 
its  officers,  and  which  are  mentioned  in  the  government  blue  book, 
Officer  Tyrrell  is  credited  with  four.  He  ran  the  Chicago  and  St. 
Louis  divisions  of  the  secret  service  for  fifteen  months,  has  had 
charge  of  the  St.  Louis  office  three  time=^,  and  Pittsburg  once,  did 
a  great  deal  of  work  in  the  Lincoln  monument  plot,  and  has  hand- 
led hundreds  of  minor  counterfeiting  cases.  He  resigned  from  the 
government  office  March  13,  1886,  and  in  Octol)er,  1887,  was  as- 
signed to  his  old  place  on  the  detective  staff  at  police  headquarters. 

MICHAEL  WHALEN  was  bom  at  Spencer,  Mass.,  Aug.  15, 1847,  and 
came  to  Chicago  in  1866.  Sept.  16,  1873,  he  was  appointed  to  the 
police  force,  and  the  first  four  weeks  he  put  in  were  at  the  Hinman 
street  station.  Then  he  was  transferred  to  the  East  Chicago 
avenue  station,  where  he  traveled  a  beat  until  May,  1875,  when  he 


304  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

was  detailed  in  citizen's  clothes,  and  from  that  time  on  he  did  de- 
tective work,  sometimes  at  that  station  and  again  at  the  Central 
station.  He  has  handled  a  great  many  important  cases,  and  for  a 
number  of  years  worked  with  Detective,  now  Capt.  Schaack.  He 
sent  Tom  Ellis  down  for  life  for  the  murder  of  Jake  O'Neill,  and 
Luther  Ross,  a  C(ilored  steward,  for  twenty  years  for  the  kill- 
ing of  a  companicm  at  the  Owl  Club.  He  did  a  great  deal  of  work 
in  the  Mulkowsky  case,  and  he  also  assisted  in  the  conviction  of 
Jacobson  for  the  murder  of  George  Bedell,  the  North  Clark  street 
carpet  man.  At  the  time  John  Keenan  was  being  tried  for  the 
murder  of  a  West  Side  resident  named  Hensley,  he  set  up  an  alibi 
as  a  defense,  and  this  was  successfully  broken  by  Officer  Whalen, 
Keenan  going  down  for  life.  With  Detective  Schaack  he  arrested 
a  crook  named  Garry,  alias  Sheppard,  and  secured  what  was  con- 
ceded to  be  the  finest  set  of  burglar's  tools  ever  seen  in  the  West. 
He  was  of  material  assistance  to  Capt.  Schaack  in  workiag  out  the 
details  of  the  anarchist  conspiracy,  and  he  it  was  who  broke  in  the 
door  to  Liung's  room,  where  so  much  of  the  d>"namite  and  the 
loaded  bombs  were  found.  In  five  years  of  duty  in  plain  clothes, 
Officer  Whalen  handled  over  nine  hundred  cases.  That  he  does 
not  want  for  pluck  is  shown  by  his  conduct  in  a  single  case.  Harry 
Bennett  and  two  other  burglars  entered  the  residence  of  Mr.  Rose- 
boom,  at  107  LaSalle  avenue,  one  night  in  1882,  and  had  the  man  of 
the  house  at  the  point  of  their  revolvers  when  Officer  Whalen 
showed  up  on  the  scene,  and,  though  it  was  three  against  one, 
made  so  determined  a  "bluff"  with  his  revolver  that  he  captured 
the  trio,  and  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  them  go  to  the  penitentiary. 

WILLIAM  B.  GREEN  is  one  of  the  colored  detectives  employed  in  the 
city.  He  is  a  bright  young  man.  He  was  born  in  Lexington,  Ky., 
January  15,  1854,  and  came  to  Chicago  in  1881.  He  waa  appointed 
to  the  police  force  in  November,  1886,  and  assigned  to  special  duty 
in  citizen's  clothes  at  the  Harrison  street  station,  but  is  under  the 
control  of  the  officers  commanding  the  force  at  the  Central  station. 
The  cleverest  capture  that  he  made  was  that  of  the  colored  thief, 
Charles  Majors,  who  had  been  a  bell  boy  in  a  Washington  hotel 
and  had  robbed  one  of  the  lady  boarders  of  Slo,000  worth  of  dia- 
monds. A  large  part  of  the  plunder  was  recovered  and  Majors  was 
sent  back  to  Washington,  where  he  tried  and  convicted  for  his 
crime. 

JOHN  REID  is  a  native  of  County  Meath,  Ireland,  where  he  was  bom 
Aug.  15, 1830.  In  April  of  1862,  he  came  to  Chicago,  and  went 
from  there  to  Joliet,  where  he  put  in  nearly  a  year  as  guard  at  the 
penitentiary.  In  1863,  he  enlisted  in  the  Eleventh  Illinois  Infan- 
try, Co.  K,  and  served  clear  through  to  the  close  of  the  war. 
When  mustered  out.  he  returned  to  Joliet,  and  for  two  and  a  half 


THE    DETECTIVE    yEKYICE.  :31)5 

years  was  at  hie  old  post  as  f^uarJ.  Then  he  came  to  Chicago  to 
live,  and  was  employed  in  Crane's  foundry  till  May  8,  1880,  when 
he  joined  the  police  department,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Union 
street  station.  After  the  tire  he  Avas  detailed  in  citizen's  clothes 
for  special  dnty,  and  from  that  time  on  did  detective  work.  The 
night  of  the  Haymarket  riot  ho  was  in  uniform  and  with  Lieut. 
Bowler's  company.  He  was  wonuded  in  both  legs,  in  one  with  a 
piece  of  shell,  and  in  the  other  with  a  bullet.  Oct.  5,  1887,  he  was 
transferred  to  the  Central  station  permanently.  He  arrested  an 
old  Italian,  named  Pierre,  who,  in  a  trifling  dispute  about  a  pane 
of  glass,  had  stabbed  to  death  two  men  named  Reedy  and  O'Brien. 
On  one  of  the  cases  he  was  sentenced  to  a  life  imprisonment,  and 
in  the  other  to  be  hanged.  The  death  sentence  was  suspended, 
and  he  went  to  Joliet  to  serve  out  his  life  sentence,  but  was  par- 
doned, after  having  served  three  years  and  a  half. 

CHAELES  AMSTEIN  is  a  native  of  Germany  where  he  was  born  Sept. 
22,  1850.  He  came  to  Chicago  early  in  the  60's  and  in  1874  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  department  and  traveled  a  beat  in  uniform 
for  six  years  at  the  Harrison  street  station.  Then  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Central  station  detail  where  he  has  proved  himself  a 
careful,  reliable  officer.  He  it  was  who  arrested  Herbert  T.  Thiers, 
the  noted  Kenosha  laud  swindler,  who,  after  getting  hold  of  over 
S100,000  of  the  funds  of  Kenosha  investors,  fled  the  city.  Officer' 
Amstein  arrested  him  and  received  a  reward  of  $500  for  the  job. 
"  Bob  "  Stratton,  who  murdered  a  woman  in  a  disreputable  resort 
on  West  Kinzie  street  and  then  attempted  to  conceal  himself,  was 
arrested  by  Officer  Amstein.  He  traced  up  and  brought  back  from 
Canada  the  diamond  thief,  Joe  Harris,  and  also  arrested  and  sent 
to  the  penitentiary  for  fourteen  years  the  colored  murderer,  George 
Smith,  who  killed  a  colored  companion  on  Fourth  avemie  near 
Polk  street.  He  has  assisted  in  the  development  of  many  of  the 
most  important  cases  handled  by  the  detective  department,  and 
always  with  credit. 

CHARLES  REHM  was  bom  at  Naperville,  111.,  March  15, 1842.  He 
caught  the  gold  fever  in  1866,  and  went  to  California,  where  he 
spent  two  years,  and  then  camoto  Chicago,  where  he  settled  down. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  in  1868,  and  assigned  to  the 
Huron  street  station,  where  he  traveled  a  beat  for  four  months, 
and  was  then  made  station- keejjer,  and  transferred  to  the  North 
avenue  sub-station,  which  afterward  became  the  Larrabee  street 
station.  After  two  years  there,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
sergeant,  and  sent  back  to  the  Huron  street  station.  While  there 
he  did  some  work  on  the  Gumbleton  mystery,  and  went  to  Ger- 
many with  Joseph  Dixon  to  bring  Ziegenmeyer,  the  murderer,  back 
to  this  country.  In  1874  Sergeant  Rehm  was  given  charge  of  the 
day  squad,  which  had  been  abolished  under  Washburn,  and  reor- 


396  THE  CHICAGO  roncji. 

ganized  it.  Then  he  was  made  chief  of  the  detective  department, 
and  after  a  year's  service  there  resigned.  He  was  in  the  sheriff's 
office  under  Agnew  and  Mann,  and  for  a  short  time  filled  a  posi- 
tion in  the  postoffice.  In  1882  he  was  reappointed  to  the  police 
force,  and  assigned  to  the  Larrabee  street  station,  where  he  trav- 
eled in  citizen's  clothes,  and  did  detective  work  with  Officer  John 
Stift.  He  was  transferred  to  the  Rookery  in  1883,  in  1884  was 
sent  to  the  East  Chicago  avenue  station,  and  in  1887  was  detailed 
permanently  at  headquarters. 

JOHN  STIFT  is  one  of  the  officers  whose  steady  advancement  in  the  de- 
partment has  been  wholly  due  to  merit,  few  men  being  able  to  show 
as  many  important  cases  to  their  credit  as  he.  His  parents  were 
Germans,  but  were  living  in  Havre,  France,  when  John  was  bom, 
September  5,  1847.  He  was  the  first  of  sixteen  children,  twelve  of 
whom  still  live.  When  he  was  a  year  old,  his  parents  came  to 
America  and  settled  in  New  York,  removing  to  Chicago  two  years 
later.  Here  the  young  man  grew  up,  and  the  year  following  the 
fire  he  was  appointed  to  the  police  force,  being  assigned  to  the 
East  Chicago  avenue  station,  under  Captain  Gund.  His  careful 
attention  to  the  details  of  his  duty  attracted  the  attention  of  his 
sujjeriors,  and  when,  in  running  down  the  murderer  of  Officer  John 
Huebner,  he  demonstrated  that  he  was  too  valuable  to  travel  a  beat, 
they  assigned  him  to  the  detective  branch  of  the  service,  Avhere  he 
has  done  excellent  work.  In  addition  to  the  Huebner  case,  he  did 
a  large  share  of  the  important  work  that  ended  in  the  hanging  of 
Mulkowsky  for  the  murder  of  Mrs.  Kleidzic,  was  Captain  Schaack's 
right  hand  man  in  unearthing  the  details  of  the  anarchist  con- 
spiracy, and  has  unraveled  many  of  the  lesser  mysteries  that  are 
turned  over  to  the  police  for  solution. 


Wiimrmiti'iii'mM^iii 


THE     TATltOL    SKltVICE.  397 


CIIAm^R    XX. 

THE  PATROL  SERVICE -PECULIAR  ORIGIN  OF  A  SYSTEM  NOW  ADOPTED 
BY  EVERY  WELL-GOVERNED  AMERICAN  CITY-AN  IDEA  PUT  INTO 
EXECUTION  -  OPPOSITION  OF  MANY  OF  THE  MEN -("APT.  BONFIELD 
PLACED  IN  CHARGE— THE  DEVICES  OF  A  Y0UN(t  NEWSPAPER  MAN 
SOLVE  A  PROBLEM  — GROWTH  AND  SATISFACTORY  WORKING  OF 
THE  SYSTEM -ITS  APPLICATION  TO  THE  12TH  STREET  DISTRICT. 

Some  yea"rs  ago,  a  writer  in  a  New  York  paper  had  an 
entertaining  article  on  the  possibilities  of  a  great  crime  in 
that  city.  He  pointed  out  the  fact  that  it  would  be  the 
easiest  thinof  in  the  world  for  three  or  four  men  to  clean  out 
any  banking  institution  in  the  city  in  broad  daylight.  How 
easily  it  could  be  done!  Two  determined  men  go  inside  and 
make  a  sudden  attack  on  the  cashier  and  his  assistants, 
while  the  other  two,  with  drawn  revolvers  stand  on  the  side- 
walk in  front  of  the  place  and  keep  everybody  moving. 
'"Supposing,"  he  asked,  '-supposing  some  one  carried  infor- 
mation to  the  nearest  station,  say  a  quarter  of  a  mile  away  ? 
And  supposing  a  number  of  officers  started  for  the  place  on 
a  keen  run,  what  then?  Either  the  thieves  would  have 
finished  their  work  before  the  officers  arrived,  or  the  police- 
men when  they  reached  the  ground  .would  be  so  blown  by 
their  long  run,  that  they  would  be  no  match  for  the  cool  and 
desperate  men  who  were  awaiting  their  coming,  and  the 
chances  are  that  the  robbers  would  get  away."  That  was  as 
it  might  have  been  ten  years  ago. 

Let  us  suppose  that  this  were  attempted  to-day  in  any 
large  city.  At  the  first  appearance  of  the  desperadoes, 
some-one  about  the  place  wovild  jump  to  a  small,  dial-faced 
box  against  the  wall,  turn  a  pointer  on  the  dial  to  a  division 


398 


THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


marked  "thieves,"  and  pull  a  little  lever  on  the  side  of  the 
box.  Within  a  half  a  minute  there  would  dash  up  to  the 
door  a  wagon  loaded  to  the  guartls  witli  blue-coats,  and  the 

chances  ai'e  that  within  two 
minutes  tlie  four  bold  bank 
robbers  would  be  on  the  way 
to  the  station  or  the  morgue. 
This  is  the  result  of  the  in- 
troduction of  the  Police  Pa- 
trol and  Signal  Service  which 
had  its  origin  in  this  city 
about  1880. 

This  valuable  branch  of 
the  Chicago  Police  Depart- 
ment has  been  in  existence 
for  about  six  years,  and  to 
it  is  entirely  due  the  fact 
that  Chicago  to-day  is  able 
to  get  along  with  a  smaller 
police  force  in  proportion  to 
its  size  than  any  other  city 
in  the  world.  The  system 
was  practically  the  creation 
of  a  single  night.  One  day 
in  the  summer  of  1880,  while 
attending  a  society  picnic, 
Mr.  Harrison,  at  that  time 
Mayor,  and  Austin  J.  Doyle, 
then  Secretary  of  the  Police 
Department,  dropped  into  a 
chat,  in  the  course  of  which 
_  it    was    suggested    that    it 

PATROL  BOX- OPEN.  wouldbe  a  great  thing  for 

the  department  if  there  could  be  some  means  devised  where- 
by the  men  on  beat  could  communicate  with  the  station 
at  any  time  they  desired  to  do  so.     It  struck  both  parties  to 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE. 


3<)9 


the  conversation  that  this  should  be  a  simple  matter,  at  least 
in  the  hands  of  an  electrician.  Upon  returning  to  the  city  that 
evening  Secretary  Doyle  saw  Prof.  Barrett,  superintendent  of 
ttieFire  Alarm  Telegraph,  and  detailed  to  him  the  talk  he  had 
had  with  the  Mayor.  It  was  then  suggested  that  a  system 
somewhat  similar  to  the  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph  might  work 
in  the  Police   Department,  wagons  could  be  located  at  cen- 


■AND  ,-sS!WlS| 


SIGNAL    INSIDE    BOX — CLOSED. 


tral  points  in  the  various  districts,  and  that  they  could  re- 
spond as  the  steamers  did  to  an  alarm.  The  Professor 
thought  it  over  during  the  night,  and  the  next  morning  pre- 
sented for  the  inspection  of  the  Mayor  and  Secretary  Doyle, 
a  plan  Avhicli  provided  for  the  system  as  it  exists  to-day, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  minor  changes  in  the  electrical 
features.     The  plan  was  approved  and  the  electrical  depart- 


400  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

ment  was  set  at  work  on  the  manufacture  of  the  necessary 
instruments. 

The  plan  proposed  by  the  Professor  was  in  brief,  that 
there  should  be  scattered  through  the  districts  a  number 
of  call  boxes  suitably  protected  from  the  weather,  and  in 
electrical  connection  with  the  station.  In  each  of  the  boxes 
there  should  be  in  addition  to  the  calling  mechanism,  a  tele- 
phone through  which  the  man  on  beat  might  talk  with  the 
operator  who  would  be  at  the  station.  The  necessary  appar- 
atus at  each  calling  point  could  be  enclosed  in  a  sort  of  a 
sentry  box,  and  that  could  be  kept  locked,  while  keys  could 
be  distributed  to  residents  in  the  neighborhood,  and  a  means 
of  calling  assistance  from  the  station  thus  placed  within  the 
reach  of  everybody.  It  was  thought  that  there  should  be  a 
wagon  drawn  by  two  horses  and  well  manned  at  the  station 
to  respond  to  the  calls  from  the  boxes.  It  was  also  suggest- 
ed that  there  should  be  at  each  station  an  alarm  bell  which 
might  be  rung  in  case  it  was  desirable  to  get  information 
to  the  men  on  beat  in  the  shortest  possible  time,  the  idea 
being  that  the  men  on  hearing  the  bell  would  immediately 
report  at  the  nearest  box  and  there  receive  the  necessary 
orders.  The  alarm  bell  feature  of  the  plan  is  the  only  one 
that  was  not  carried  out. 

In  the  course  of  a  few  days,  rumors  of  the  intended  inno- 
vation spread  through  the  department,  and  there  was  devel- 
oped among  the  men  as  a  whole,  a  most  amazing  opposition 
to  anything  of  the  kind.  One  would  naturally  think  that 
the  men  would  be  glad  to  see  a  system  introduced  which 
should  lighten  their  labors  as  this  was  intended  to  do;  but 
they  understood  in  a  general  way  that  it  was  something  that 
would  insure  regular  reports  to  the  station  from  the  men  on 
beat  during  the  night,  and  as  this  meant  that  there  could 
be  no  shirking  of  duty,  a  great  many  of  the  men  swore  they 
would  do  all  in  their  power  to  make  the  thing  a  failure. 

This  opposition  on  the  part  of  some  of  the  men  lasted 
till  long  after  the  system  had  been  introduced,  and  was  so 


THE    PATROL   SERVICE.  401 

pronounced  as  to  attract  public  attention.  The  matter  was 
taken  up  in  the  newspapers  and  freely  discussed,  and  a  num- 
ber of  poems  on  the  subject  w^ere  published.  About  the 
best  of  these  was  an  anonymous  one  which  appeared  in  The 
Tribune: 

"  Say,  what  is  the  manin',"  says  Patrick  to  Murphy, 
"  Of  all  the  blue  boxes  I  see  on  the  street, 
That's  staudiu'  like  sentries,  but  barriu'  the  sogers 
To  tramp  up  an'  down  in  the  shnow  and  the  shleet?" 

Says  Murphy  to  Patrick,  "  Thim  same  is  to  bother 
The  boys  wid  the  sthars,  and  to  keep  them  awake; 
An'  iv'ry  half  hour  they  must  give  up  their  freedom 
To  give  the  alarm,  and  their  shlumbers  to  shake. 

"  And  inside  there's  a  box,  wid  a  divil's  tail  hangin'; 
Ye  jist  pull  it  down,  aisy-like,  don't  you  see? 
An'  it  tells  to  the  station  yer  there  at  yer  duty, 
As  plain,  Paddy,  now  as  I«'m  spakiu'  to  ye, 

"  Inside  of  the  box  there's  a  tillyfone  waitin'; 
Ye  shpake  to  an  inkstand — the  Captain  hullos; 
And  thin,  mind  yer  eye,  if  ye  shpake  to  the  Captain, 
Ye'd  better  braithe  aisy,  and  not  be  too  close. 

"  Thim  tillyfone  chaps  that  McGarigle's  usin'. 
They  shmell  iv'ry  dhrap  ye've  been  tastin'  the  night, 
Git  on  to  yer  sthyle,  and  they  see  where  ye've  bin  to, 
And  ain't  takin'  stiils,  though  they  be  mighty  bright. 

"  O  but  I'm  mighty  glad  that  I'm  not  on  the  force  now — 
I  couldn't  in  honor  keep  frinds  wid  thim  things. 
Karacters  is  busted,  and  gone  to  the  divil. 
Since  lightnin'  is  doin'  sich  work  for  the  rings, 

"Wid  these,  sir,  the  boys  can't  get  up  half  a  shindy 
Before  the  alarm  brings  the  wagon  aroun'; 
An'  bedad,  sir,  they'll  gobble  the  whole  of  a  party 
Before  the  first  man's  fairly  laid  on  the  groun' ! 

"  Ah!  onct  I  was  proud  of  my  sthar  and  my  billy! 

I  walked  like  a  turkey-cock,  happy  and  free; 

But  now,  sir,  I  wouldn't  be  under  McGarigle; 

No,  sir,  I  thank  ye — not  any  for  me.  32 


u02  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

"  They  say  out  in  Leadville  there's  freedom  in  plenty. 
Say,  Pat,  let's  go  West  and  grow  up  wid  de  noise — 
For  here,  where  a  street  is  patrolled  by  a  shanty, 
The  force  is  a-gittin'  too  fly  for  the  boys!" 

In  addition  to  this  opposition  on  the  part  of  the  men, 
there  was  no  money  available  for  the  purpose  of  experiments, 
and  the  immediate  success  of  the  idea  was  far  from  clear 
when  it  was  proposed.  The  only  thing  to  be  done  was  to 
take  a  part  of  the  unexpended  balance  in  the  Secret  Service 
fund,  and  then,  by  scrimping  some  of  the  branches  of  the 
Department,  there  was  found  to  be  available  a  few  thousand 
dollars,  and  they  had  to  do  the  best  they  could  with  that. 

From  that  time  on  the  system  grew  rapidly,  being  ex- 
tended to  all  parts  of  the  city  as  fast  as  the  call  boxes  and 
electric  registers  for  the  call  stations  could  be  provided. 
Now  there  are  a  score  of  wagons  in  service,  and  an  immense 
amount  of  work  is  done  each  year  by  the  officers  detailed 
for  that  branch  of  the  service.  Take  for  instance  the  last 
annual  report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Police,  and  examine 
the  record  made  by  the  detail,  say  at  the  Central  station, 
covering  the  district  bounded  by  the  river  on  the  north  and 
west;  by  the  lake  on  the  east,  and  Van  Buren  street  on  the 
south : 

Reports  received  from  policemen  in  districts 101,956 

Alarms  responded  to 3,001 

Arrests  made 2,899 

Fires  attended 112 

Miles  traveled 7,172 

False  alarms 39 

Sick  and  injured  persons  taken  to  hospitals 126 

Sick  and  injured  persons  taken  home 77 

Sick  and  injured  persons  taken  to  station  and  cared  for.  53 

Dead  bodies  taken  to  the  morgue 46 

Dead  bodies  taken  to  residence 10 

Disturbances  suppressed  without  arrests 140 

Insane  persons  cared  for 21 

Destitute  persons  cared  for 21 

Prisoners  taken  to  county  jail 178 

Prisoners  taken  to  division  police  courts 794 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE.  403 

Packages  of  stoleu  property  recovered 2 

Lost  children  taken  to  parents 30 

Mad  or  crippled  animals  killed 1 

Runaway  horses  overtaken  and  stopped 1 

Stolen  horses  recovered 1 

Abandoned  children  taken  to  the  Foundling's  Home 6 

Persons  rescued  from  drowning -1 

Inebriates  taken  to  the  Washiugtouian  Home 6 

Destitute  persons  taken  to  Home  of  the  Friendless 1 

Miscellaneous  and  incidental  runs •  100 

In  1881  a  radical  change  was  made  in  the  form  of  the 
patrol  boxes.  They  were  at  first  constructed  in  the  simplest 
form  possible — of  pine,  36x36  inches  on  the  ground  and  six 
feet  high  with  a  slant  roof.  While  these  served  their  pur- 
pose admirably  they  were  anything  but  ornamental,  and  for 
this  reason  a  hexagonal  box  was  adopted  which  should  take 
the  place  of  a  lamp  post  at  the  corner  where  it  is  located. 
The  top  is  made  of  heavy  glass  so  that  the  lamp  may  illu-  ' 
minate  the  interior  at  night.  As  wdll  be  seen  by  the 
cut  the  complete  box  is  tasteful  in  form,  and  rather  an 
ornament  to  the  corner  upon  which  it  is  placed.  The 
alarm  box  with  its  interior  arrangement  of  telephone,  etc., 
is  shown.  It  was  devised  entirely  by  Prof.  Barrett, 
and  is  remarkably  compact  and  strong.  The  public  may 
only  open  the  outer  door  of  the  big  box,  and  all  that  is 
necessary  to  summon  the  wagon  and  officers  is  to  pull  down 
the  small  hook  which  projects  from  the  side  of  the  small 
box.  This  acts  on  the  same  principle  as  the  contrivance  by 
which  American  District  Telegraph  boys  are  called,  regis- 
tering upon  a  narrow  band  of  ribbon  at  the  station  an  arbi- 
trary signal.  Each  box  having  a  different  signal  it  is  easy 
to  see  that  there  is  no  difficulty  for  the  operator  in  locating 
the  box  from  which  the  call  has  been  transmitted.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  public  boxes  on  the  street  corners  it  was  provided 
in  1881  that  private  boxes  might  be  set  up  in  any  residence 
or  store  on  payment  of  $25,  and  about  four  hundred  of 
these  boxes  were  set  up  in  various  parts  of  the  city. 

Inspector    Bonfield,    then    a    Lieutenant    at    the  West 


404 


THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


Twelfth  street  station,  was  called  into  service  to  assist  in 
the  working  out  of  the  details  of  the  system.  While  Prof. 
Barrett  had  provided  everything  pertaining  to  the  electrical 
part  of  the  problem,  there  still  remained  much  to  be  done. 
What  sort  of  wagons  should  be  used?  How  should  wagons 
be  manned  ?  Where  should  they  be  kejDt  ?  What  system 
of  reports  would  be  the  most  effective  ?  and  so  on.     It  was 


SIGNAL    INSIDE   BOX— OPEN. 


early  determined  that  the  system  should  provide  for  an  am- 
bulance service,  but  it  was  desirable  to  avoid  having  a  wagon 
and  an  ambulance  in  service,  and  so  the  question  arose :  How 
can  we  get  a  wagon  that  shall  serve  both  as  a  conveyance 
for  officers  to  a  scene  of  riot  or  murder,  and  at  the  same 
time  have  it  available  for  use  as  an  ambulance  in  case  it 
should  be  required?     There  was  not  much  money  available 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE. 


40f 


for  the  purposes  of  the  projectors  of  the  scheme,  and  what- 
ever they  had  must  be  iu  the  way  of  a  wagon  so  simple  that 
a  supply  wagon  that  had  been  used  by  the  department  could 
be  easily  converted  to  answer  the  purpose.  This  question 
was  solved  by  a  young  newspaper  man,  John  E.  Wilkie,  at 
that  time  a  police  reporter  on  the  Times.  He  drew  plans 
for  a  wagon  and  a  simple  stretcher  arrangement  that  an- 
swered the  requirements  so  well  that  it  was  instantly  adopt- 
ed, and  this  is  the  one  in  use  by  patrol  wagons  everywhere. 
In  the  meantime  Lieut.  Bonfield  had  been  busying  him- 


POLICE   STATION    ALARM    PATROL    SIGNAL. 

self  in  working  out  the  details  of  the  application  of  the  sys- 
tem, the  plans  of  the  quarters  where  the  wagons  were  to  be 
located,  and  so  on,  and  the  completeness  and  thoroughness 
w'itli  which  this  was  done  is  witnessed  by  the  fact  that  there 
have  been  no  changes  in  the  system  he  then  outlined.  It 
provided  for  hourly  reports  from  the  men  on  beat,  the  posts 
traveled  by  the  men  being  so  arranged  that  there  should 
be  two  or  more  boxes  to  be  reported  from  by  each  officer. 
These  things  having  been  satisfactorily  arranged,  it  became 


4C6  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

necessary  to  select  a  district  in  which  the  system  might  re- 
ceive its  test  before  it  could  be  generally  introduced  in  the 
Department.  At  that  time  the  toughest  district  in  the  city 
was  in  the  second  precinct— the  West  Twelfth  street  district, 
embracing  that  part  of  the  city  lying  between  Harrison 
street  on  the  north,  Eighteenth  street  on  the  south,  tho 
river  on  the  east  and  Centre  avenue  on  the  west.  Within 
this  area  there  existed  the  worst  elements  in  the  city.  Gangs 
of  young  hoodlums  frequented  the  corners  and  held  up  and 
beat  passing  pedestrians  "just  for  the  fun  of  the  thing," 
and  even  made  so  bold  occasionally  as  to  attack  a  solitary 
policeman.  It  was  believed  that  here  was  the  place  to  test 
the  new  system.  If  it  should  succeed  here  it  would  be  a 
success  anywhere,  and  so  it  happened  that  in  the  fall  of  1880 
the  wires  were  strung  through  the  district,  boxes  set  up,  an 
electrical  plant  consisting  of  the  automatic  recording  instru- 
ments and  so  on  being  placed  in  the  station,  and  a  wagon 
drawn  by  one  horse  and  manned  by  a  sergeant,  a  driver  and 
a  patrolman  established  in  temporary  quarters  near  the  sta- 
tion. 

It  was  an  instantaneous  success.  The  citizens  of  the 
district  who  had  for  years  been  terrorized  by  lawless  gangs 
and  had  been  unable  to  obtain  police  assistance  when  it  was 
most  wanted,  were  reassured  by  finding  that  they  had  had 
at  their  elbows  a  means  of  summoning  needed  aid.  The 
officers  who  had  at  first  been  so  bitterly  opposed  to  the  idea 
discovered  that  they  were  saved  miles  of  weary  walking. 
Before  the  system  was  introduced  a  policeman  travelling  a 
beat  at  a  point  remote  from  his  station  was  obliged,  when- 
ever he  made  an  arrest,  to  escort  his  prisoner  all  the  way 
there;  and  that,  oftener  than  not,  meant  a  running  fight  for 
the  mile  or  more  it  might  be  to  the  station.  Sometimes  the 
prisoner,  assisted  by  his  friends,  managed  to  overpower  the 
officer  and  make  his  escape,  and  many  a  tale  of  awful  struggle 
under  these  circumstances  can  be  told  by  the  men  who  trav- 
elled in  the  Twelfth  street  district  before   the  introductioHr- 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE.  4(^7 

of  the  patrol  system.  After  it  came  all  this  was  changed. 
The  ojficer  who  saw  any  signs  of  disturbance  on  his  beat 
had  but  to  step  to  the  corner  and  send  in  a  call  for  the 
wagon.  When  it  arrived  the  assistance  it  brought  him  was 
sufficient  to  enable  him  to  make  any  arrests  demanded  by 
the  circumstances,  and  the  prisoners  were  escorted  to  the 
station  by  the  wagon. 

One  might  imagine  that  there  would  be  a  large  propor- 
tion of  false  alarms  where  the  call  boxes  were  accessible  to 
the  public  generally,  but  this  was  provided  against  by  a 
very  simple  arrangement.  Keys  furnished  to  citizens  were 
numbered  and  registered  at  the  station.  Each  box  was  pro- 
vided with  a  trap  lock  which  held  fast  any  key  that  was  used 
to  open  the  door.  Each  policeman  carried  a  master  key 
which  enabled  him  to  release  the  citizen's  key  upon  arriving 
at  the  box ;  so  that,  if  on  reaching  there,  it  was  found  that 
there  was  no  trouble,  it  was  a  simple  matter  to  release  the 
key,  and  by  referring  to  the  register  at  the  station  to  learn 
whose  key  had  been  used,  and  if  an  investigation  showed 
an  abuse  of  its  possession,  it  was  withheld. 


408  THE   CHICAGO   POLICE. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

THE  PATROL  SERVICE-THE  PRACTICAL  UTILITY  OF  THE  SYSTEM  DEM- 
ONSTRATED BY  THE  CELEBRATED  BILL  ALLEN  CASE-HISTORY  OF 
THAT  SENSATIONAL  EPISODE-THE  KILLING  OF  OFFICER  CLARENCE 
WRIGHT  AND  WOUNDING  OF  OFFICER  PATRICK  MULVIHILL-THE 
SEARCH  FOR  THE  DESPERADO-HIS  FINAL  CAPTURE  AND  DEATH- 
REMARKABLE  EXHIBITION  OF  PUBLIC  FEELING-FURTHER  PRO- 
GRESS OF  THE  SYSTEM. 

One  of  the  most  valuable  features  of  the  patrol  wagon 
service  is  the  rapidity  which  it  permits  in  centralizing  a 
large  number  of  men.  Each  district  covered  by  the  service 
is  separate  from  all  the  others,  and  is  complete  in  itself;  but 
as  all  the  stations  are  connected  and  in  communication  with 
each  other  it  is  easy  to  see  that  trouble  in  one  of  these  dis- 
tricts may  be  instantly  reported  to  all  the  others,  and  any 
required  force  thrown  in  on  the  scene  of  the  difficulty.  This 
was  demonstrated  for  the  first  time  late  in  1882.  Bill 
Allen,  a  colored  desperado,  had  killed  a  colored  man,  nearly 
murdered  another,  shot  and  killed  Officer  Clarence  Wright, 
who  was  sent  to  arrest  him  in  a  shanty  at  the  corner  of 
Washington  and  Clinton  streets,  and  shot  and  seriously 
wounded  Officer  Patrick  Mulvihill,  who  tried  to  capture  him 
two  days  later.  Allen  had  done  most  of  his  dreadful  work 
on  the  afternoon  and  evening  of  Nov.  30.  All  day  Friday 
and  Saturday  the  police  searched  high  and  low  for  him,  but 
failed  to  find  him.  Sunday,  Dec.  3,  in  the  afternoon.  Officer 
Mulvihill  was  told  that  the  man  he  wanted  was  in  the  base- 
ment of  a  negro  resort  on  North  Halsted  Street.  He  at- 
tempted to  enter  the  house  but  was  shot  through  the  window 
by  Allen,  who  had  watched  his  approach.     The  Desplaines 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE. 


4  (HI 


Street  patrol  wagon  was  called  to  carry  Malvihill  to  the  sta- 
tion, and  word  was  sent  at  the  same  time  that  Allen  was 
hiding  somewhere  in  the  neighborhood.  An  order  was 
transmitted  to  the  stations  to  get  all  the  spare  men  to 
that  point  with  all  possible  speed.  Within  ten  minutes 
there  were  200  policemen  on  the  ground,  and  they  were  so 
disposed  as  to  entirely  surround  the  locality  where  he  was 
secreted.  It  was  known  that  Allen  was  armed,  and  that  he 
was  desperate  and  a  good  shot.  It  was  therefore  to  be  ex- 
pected that  when  he  was  found  there  would  be  trouble. 


THE  SIGNAL   ANSWEKED. 


Reports  of  the  fact  that  Allen  w^as  in  hiding  had  spread  all 
over  the  city,  and  it  was  not  long  befdre  upwards  of  10,000 
people  armed  with  all  sorts  of  weapons,  from  pocket  pistols 
and  pitchforks  to  rifles,  were  assisting  the  police  in  the  hunt 
for  this  negro  desperado.  It  was  a  wild  and  peculiar  scene. 
One  might  have  expected  to  see  something  of  the  sort  in  a 
frontier  town,  but  in  a  city  of  hJ.f  a  million  or  more,  it  was 
doubly  strange.  The  search  had  proceeded  for  half  an  hour 
before  the  man  was  found,  and  the  manner  of  his  discovery 
and  death  was  graphically  detailed  at  the  time  by  Signal 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE.  411 

Sergeant  John  Wheeler,    of   the  Desplaines   Street  patrol. 
Said  he: 

"It  was  our  day  to  change  watch  at  the  Union  Street  patrol  barn,  it 
being  the  turn  of  our  squad  to  go  on  day  duty,  and  we  had  been  on  from 
6  o'clock  Saturday  evening  until  noon.  At  12  o'clock  I  left  the  barn 
and  went  over  to  my  boarding-house,  on  North  Union  Street,  where 
I  had  dinner.  Officer  Mulvihill  boards  there,  too,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
meal  as  I  was  passing  him,  I  pulled  his  hair  in  a  joking  way  and  said  some- 
thing about  getting  the  nigger  after  dinner,  and  then  went  out.  I  went 
from  the  house  over  to  Murdook's  cigar  store  on  Milwaukee  avenue, 
bought  a  cigar,  stood  around  a  little  while,  and  then  walked  along  Mil- 
waukee avenue  to  the  corner  of  Hubbard  Street,  where  I  saw  the  wagon 
from  cur  station  standing  at  the  box  while  the  boys  were  helping  Officer 
Mulvihill  into  the  wagon.  His  face  was  covered  with  blood,  and  when  I 
asked  what  the  matter  was  they  told  me  that  the  nigger  had  shot  him 
and  run  over  the  viaduct  to  Green  Street.  I  went  west  a  short  distance, 
and  met  a  number  of  policeman  who  had  been  sent  out  to  hunt  for  him. 
The  boys  were  all  hurrying  west,  going  beyond  Green  Street,  but  as  I 
felt  that  he  wouldn't  go  very  far,  I  tried  to  get  some  of  them  to  stay  with 
me.  I  finally  got  Officers  Roach  and  Stahl,  and  with  them  and  a  young 
man  named  Fred  Lang  made  a  search  of  the  cars  along  Kinzie  Street 
between  Halsted  and  Green.  We  didn't  find  him  there,  but  got  a  pointer 
that  he  wasn't  very  far  away,  and  so  kept  on,  confident  of  striking  him 
sooner  or  later.  We  finally  came  to  this  place,  No.  182  West  Kinzie 
Street,  and  like  every  other  place  we  came  across  we  started  in  to  search 
that.  The  house  faces  north.  The  yard  is  about  ninety  feet  deep,  I 
should  say,  and  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the  yard  is  a  coal-shed  six  or 
eight  feet  in  height  and  about  twelve  feet  long.  The  entrance  to  this  is 
through  a  door  on  the  north  side  at  the  west  end.  Officers  Koach  and 
Stahl  stood  at  the  door  outside,  and  Lang  and  I  went  inside.  We  turned 
over  some  barrels,  and  nests,  and  one  thing  and  another,  and  then  Lang, 
who  was  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the  shed,  tried  the  lid  of  a  feed-box 
about  two  feet  square,  I  should  think,  and  jumped  back,  saying  excitedly: 
'There's  something  in  there,  John,  sure.'  I  didn't  think  there  was  any- 
thing there,  to  tell  the  truth,  but  I  walked  over  to  have  a  look  at  it.  The 
box  had  a  lid  on  it  that  was  hinged  at  the  back,  which  was  toward  the 
north.  There  was  a  ring  iu  the  north  end  of  the  lid,  and  I  took  hold  of 
this  to  raise  it  up.  The  lid  didn't  come,  but  a  strip  about  four  inches 
wide  broke  off,  and  through  this  opening  I  saw  the  head,  shoulders,  and 
arms  of  a  negro.  When  I  saw  him  I  yelled:  'Here's  your  nigger;  get 
some  help!"  and  Roach,  Stahl  and  Lang  ran  off  after  more  officers. 
There  was  but  one  way  to  get  out  of  the  place,  and  that  was  through  the 
door,  and  so  I  jumped  for  that,  got  outside,  closed  it,  and  put  my  left 
shoulder  against  it.  I  heard  Allen  get  out  of  the  box  and  come  toward 
the  door,  and  through  a  crack  I  saw  him  approach,  and  then  he  put  hie 
right  shoulder  to  the  door  and  began  to  push  to  get  oiit.     I  yelled  for 


412  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

help,  for  liP  liad  the  best  footing,  and  was  getting  the  better  of  me,  and 
•when  I  couldn't  see  any  one  coming  I  felt  that  something  would  have  to 
be  done,  and  that  right  quick.  My  revolver,  a  self-cocking  Smith  &  Wes- 
son, 38-calibre,  was  in  my  right-hand  coat  pocket,  and  I  took  it  out. 
Right  on  a  level  with  my  head  and  just  over  where  Allen  stood  was  a  pane 
of  thick  blue  glass  about  six  inches  square.  Reaching  up  I  put  the  gun 
against  that  and  fired  a  shot  to  break  it,  and  then  shoving  my  hand 
through  the  hole  and  pointing  the  pistol  down  I  fired  the  remaining  four 
shots  very  rapidly.  The  pressure  on  the  door  let  up  then,  and  after  wait- 
ing a  few  seconds  I  partly  opened  it  just  as  Officer  Reid  of  the  Lake 
Street  district  jumped  over  the  back  fence  and  came  to  where  I  stood. 
I  had  opened  the  door  then  two  or  three  feet  and  we  could  see  the  negro 
leaning  up  against  some  barrels  just  east  of  the  door.  He  made  a  threat- 
ening move  with  his  hands  and  Reid  shot  at  him,  after  which  he  threw 
up  his  hands,  said  'I  give  up,'  and  within  a  minute  and  a  half  was  a  dead 
man.  We  found  a  32-caIibre  Smith  &  Wesson  revolver  fully  loaded  and 
about  twenty  extra  cartridges  in  his  pockets.  Reid,  Roach,  Stalil  and  I 
then  picked  him  up  and  carried  him  through  the  yard  to  where  the 
Thirty-fifth  Street  patrol  wagon  was  standing,  loaded  him  in,  and  drove 
him  here  to  the  station  on  the  run.  Now  that  it's  all  over,  there's  only 
one  thing  that  puzzles  me." 

"What  is  that?" 

"  Why,  that  with  a  loaded  gun  in  his  pocket  and  only  one  policeman 
between  him  and  a  few  minutes'  more  liberty  he  didn't  shoot  me  through 
the  door,  as  he  had  ample  opportunity  of  doing.  I  tell  you  I  consider 
myself  a  lucky  man." 

About  2  o'clock,  when  the  news  of  the  pursuit  and  shoot- 
ing of  Mulvihill  first  began  to  be  circulated,  an  immense 
crowd  gathered  about  the  Desplaines  Street  station.  They 
were  quiet  and  orderly,  and  seemed  to  be  mere  curiosity- 
hunters.  They  laughed,  chatted,  and  made  inquiries  of  the 
police  in  a  careless  way.  All  of  a  sudden,  at  a  quarter  of  3, 
there  was  a  terrific  shout,  "There  they  come,"  and  a  patrol 
wajjon  was  seen  turningr  the  corner.  In  an  instant  the  moi) 
changed  front  and  showed  its  teeth.  The  wagon  was  sur- 
rounded by  a  struggling  mass  of  humanity,  perfectly  wild 
with  rage.  The  body  of  the  negro  lay  in  the  bottom  of  the 
wagon.  The  crowd  pressed  eagerly  forward,  shouting, 
*'Lynch  him,"  "String  him  up,"  "Bring  a  rope."  The  rope 
"was  soon  ready,  and  the  crowd  made  a  determined  rush  for 
the  wagon.  Half  a  score  of  officers  were  on  the  seats,  but 
they  could  do   nothing.      Following   in  a  buggy  was  Capt. 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE. 


413 


Bonfield,  who  quickly  appreciated  the  situation.  He  stood 
up  and  drew  his  revolver,  ordering  the  men  to  do  the  same. 
They  cocked  their  weapons,  but  refrained  from  firing,  for 
the  mob  by  that  time  was  beyond  all  control.  It  was  impos- 
sible to  take  the  body  from  the  wagon,  and  so  a  flank  move- 
ment was  decided  upon.  The  wagon  was  rapidly  wheeled 
and  driven  into  the  alley.  Before  the  crowd  knew  what  was 
up  the  body  was  (j^uickly  shunted  through  a  window  in  the 
rear. 

The  crowd,  thus  balked  of  its  prey,  became  frenzied  and 


BEAK   or   WAGON — AMBUTiANOH  STRETCHER. 


threatened  to  tear  down  the  station.  Threats  and  promises 
were  all  in  vain,  and  a  serious  riot  seemed  inevitable.  Chief 
Doyle  mounted  the  wagon  and  assured  the  crowd  that  the 
negro  was  really  dead.  They  hooted  and  yelled,  shouting 
that  the  police  were  concealing  the  man,  and  encouraging 
each  other  to  break  in  the  windows  of  the  station.  Mean- 
while the  body  of  the  dead  murderer  lay  on  the  stones  in 
the  basement,  surrounded  by  a  wondering  crowd  of  detec- 
tives, officers  and  reporters.      The  man  was  hastily  stripped 


414 


THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


and  a  cursory  examination  made  of  his  wounds.  One  bullet 
had  glanced  on  his  right  arm  and  buried  itself  below  the 
armpit.  Another  had  pierced  the  muscles  of  the  arm  and 
buried  itself  within  an  inch  of  the  other.  Still  ar other 
bullet  had  pierced  the  left  muscle  and  buried  itself  in  a 
similar  position  under  the  left  armpit.  A  fourth  bullet 
struck  the  negro  in  the  left  side  just  below  the  short  ribs, 
and  would  of  itself  have  caused  death.  The  fifth  bullet  was 
buried  in  the  left  thigh.     The  mouth  was  full  of  blood,  and 


AMBULANCE  ATTACHMENT — COVER   WITHDRAWN. 

the  tongue  seemed  torn,  which   gave  rise  to  the  belief  that 
he  had  swallowed  still  another  leaden  pellet. 

The  body  was  not  long  left  in  peace,  however,  for  the 
crowd  outside  was  growing  more  and  more  unruly.  To 
quiet  them  down.  Chief  Doyle  had  the  naked  body  laid  on  a 
mattress,  supported  by  ladders,  and  placed  in  front  of  a 
grated  window,  from  which  it  could  be  seen  from  the  alley. 
In  an  instant  there  was  a  shout  of  triumph  from  the  crowd, 
and  then  a  strange  scene  was  enacted.  A  line  was  quickly 
formed,  reaching  up  the  alley  and  across  Desplaines  Street. 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE.  415 

The  crowd  passed  in  eager  procession  and  were  satisfied  by 
a  simple  glance  at  the  dull,  cold  face.  The  scene  from  the 
steps  of  the  station  was  a  most  remarkable  one.  All  the 
afternoon  that  line  moved  steadily  along,  and  the  officers 
were  busily  ocoupied  in  keeping  it  in  order.  The  crowd  in- 
creased rather  than  diminished,  and  until  darkness  settled 
down  they  were  still  gazing  at  the  dead  murderer. 

After  dark  a  flaring  gas  jet  at  the  head  of  the  body 
brought  it  out  in  strong  relief,  and  all  night  long  the  line 
of  curious  people  filed  by  for  a  glimpse  at  the  dead.  For 
forty-eight  hours  his  body  was  on  exhibition,  and  was  viewed 
by  thousands.  This  was  one  of  the  most  remarkable  inci- 
dents in  the  history  of  the  police  department. 

In  December,  1880,  when  Capt.  McGarigle  was  appointed 
Chief  of  Police,  he  determined  that  the  new  system  which 
had  proven  a  success  beyond  the  hopes  of  the  originators 
should  be  introduced  throughout  the  department  with  all 
possible  speed.  At  that  time  there  were  only  502  officers 
in  the  department ;  of  that  number  not  over  300  were  avail- 
able for  duty  as  patrolmen  proper,  so  that  it  was  equivalent 
to  one  policeman  for  every  1,680  of  population.  There  was 
a  demand  on  all  sides  that  the  force  should  be  increased  by 
the  addition  of  several  hundred  men,  but  the  new  superin- 
tendent took  the  view  that  a  well  manned  signal  service 
branch  in  the  department  would  make  it  far  more  effective 
than  200  new  men.  It  was  for  this  reason  that  in  his 
annual  report  covering  the  year  1880,  and  looking  to  the 
needs  of  1881,  he  said: 

"  It  seems  proper  for  me  in  this  report  to  make  some  reference  to  the 
police  alarm  telegraph  system,  recently  introduced  in  this  department, 
and  now  in  operation  and  reudermg  excellent  service  in  the<West  Twelfth 
street  district.  The  telegraph  is  the  one  thing  that  thieves  and  evil-doers 
dread;  for  it  circumvents  all  their  skill  and  their  cunning.  This  fact 
being  so  well  recognized,  it  becomes  an  important  question  as  to  how  it 
can  be  still  further  utilized  in  aiding  the  officer  in  his  work.  We  already 
have  the  telegraph  connection  between  cities  and  between  stations  and 
sub-stations  but  this  is  not  sufficient  for  police  purposes,  under  all  cir- 
cumstances.    With  the  introduction  of    the  new  system  of   telephone 


410  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

boxes,  however,  instantaueous  communication  is  established  between  the 
station  and  every  patrolman  on  beat  in  the  district.  This  is  no  longer 
an  experiment,  but  an  actual  accomplished  fact,  and  as  its  value  for  police 
purposes  can  hardly  be  over-estimated,  it  is  hoped  that  our  city  council 
will  provide  for  its  general  use  in  the  department." 

The  report  then  explains  the  box  system  now  in  use  in 
the  west  division,  giving  cuts  and  diagrams  of  the  instru- 
ments, telephones,  dials  and  patrol  wagon,  and  then  goes  on 
to  say: 

"  I  am  so  impressed  with  the  usefulness  and  manifold  advantages  of 
the  system  that  I  thought  it  proper,  and  for  the  best  interests  of  the  city, 
to  include  in  my  estimates  for  the  department  for  this  year  the  probable 
cost  of  introducing  it,  viz.,  S58,120,  exclusive  of  wire  and  telephone 
boxes,  which  would  probably  bring  the  aggregate  cost  of  the  outfit  up  ti> 
S100,000.  This  amount  may  appear  large;  but  it  must  be  remembered 
that  when  once  established,  there  is  no  further  expense  to  be  incurred  in 
connection  with  the  system,  beyond  the  ordinary  expense  of  running  it. 
I  feel  certain  that  the  lasting  benefit  in  the  increased  security  to  life  and 
property  which  the  people  will  draw  from  its  use,  will  more  than  com- 
pensate the  expense  of  its  introduction  and  maintenance," 

"I  presume  it  is  unnecessary  for  me  to  remind  our  honorable  city 
council  that  the  city  has  outgrown  its  police  force  beyond  all  reasonable 
proportion.  If  the  use  of  the  police  alarm  telegraph  is  provided  for,  it 
will  probably  supply  immediate  necessities;  if  not,  the  police  force  must 
soon  be  largely  increase^.  The  fact  that  our  present  force  is  numerically 
insuflBcient  to  discharge  the  constantly  increasing  amount  of  service 
required,  is  too  well  known  to  call  for  any  argument  here.  This  matter 
has  so  often  been  referred  to  that  all  there  remains  to  say  now  on  the  subject 
is  the  plain  statement  that  the  city  of  Chicago  needs,  to-day,  not  less  than 
one  thousand  policemen.  It  is  difficult  to  imagine  how  three  hundred 
and  ninety  patrolmen,  the  number  at  present  employed,  can  reasonably 
be  expected  to  perform  the  work  that  should  more  appropriately  be 
allotted  to  the  larger  number." 

The  amount  asked  for  by  the  chief  was  included  in  the 
appropriation  bill  the  following  February,  and  during  1881 
work  on  the  system  was  pushed  with  such  energy  that  the 
close  of  the  year  saw  eight  districts  under  the  protection  of 
this  branch  of  service.  It  was  during  this  year  that  the 
necessity  was  recognized  for  giving  the  men  in  charge  of 
the  wagons,  some  instruction  in  surgery.  The  ambulance 
feature  of  the  system  was  getting  to  be  generally  appreci- 
ated antl  scarcely  a  day  passed  without  a  half  dozen  calls  for 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE. 


417 


the  patrol  wagons  iu  cases  of  accident.  The  men  detailed 
for  duty  on  the  wagons  were  the  flower  of  the  force,  an 
unusually  intelligent  lot  of  officers,  and  it  was  a  compara- 
tively easy  matter  for  them  to  acquire  the  necessary  infor- 
mation. Dr.  Henrotin,  the  Department  Surgeon,  devoted 
several  hours  of  each  day  to  classes  of  the  Signal  Service  men, 
and  in  the  course  of  a  mouth,  the  officers  were  prepared  to 
handle  almost  any  sort  of  simple  surgical  case.  Each  wagon 
was  equipped  with  a  "chest"  which  contained  bandages, 
carbolized  gauze,  one,  two  or  three  sorts  of  stimulants,  a 
tourquinet  an  elastic  bandage  to  be  used  to  stop  the  hemor- 
rhage in  mangled  limbs,  two  or  three  varieties  of  splints  and 
so  on.  A  phamphlet  embodying  the  points  made  by  the 
doctor  in  his  lectures  to  the  men  was  printed  and  circulated 
among  the  officers,  who  were  quizzed  at  intervals  by  the 
Doctor.  It  covered  the  procedure  in  case  of  sunstroke, 
epilepsy  and  the  Howard  method  for  the  resuscitation  of 
drowned  persons,  as  well  as  points  on  the  treatment  of  poison- 
ing from  narcotics. 


88 


418  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 


CHAPTER    XXII. 

THE  PATROL  SERVICE-CHARACTER  OF  THE  MEN  EMPLOYED  IN  THE 
SIGNAL  DEPARTMENT  —  WHY  THE  BEST  OFFICERS  ARE  USUALLY 
SELECTED  FOR  WAGON  DUTY-THE  WORK  EXACTING  IN  ITS  NATURE- 
PRESENT  COMPOSITION  OF  THE  FORCE  -  SOME  SPLENDID  RECORDS 
MADE  BY  THE  MEN- MANY  GREAT  CRIMINAL  CASES  IN  WHICH  THEY 
HAVE  PARTICIPATED. 

The  men  selected  to  serve  on  patrol  wagons  are  not  sur- 
passed by  any  body  of  officers  in  this  country.  They  form 
the  flower  of  the  force.  They  are  the  most  intelligent  and 
the  most  reliable  that  could  be  selected  from  the  depart- 
ment. The  fact  that  a  man  is  serving  on  a  patrol  wagon  is 
evidence  that  his  superior  officers  think  well  of  him ;  indeed, 
ever  since  the  patrol  branch  of  the  service  was  organized, 
the  men  have  regarded  appointment  to  it  as  rather  in  the 
line  of  promotion.  The  position  of  these  officers  is  a  pecu- 
liar one.  The  variety  of  duty  they  are  called  upon  to  per- 
form in  the  course  of  a  year,  demands  that  they  shall  be 
thoroughly  "up"  in  everything  pertaining  to  police  matters. 
They  have  a  great  many  bits  of  delicate  Avork  to  do ;  cases 
where  some  knowledge  of  law  is  required.  They  are  called 
upon  to  quell  all  sorts  of  disturbances,  from  a  family  dispute, 
which  may  be  settled  by  a  little  good-natured  advice,  to  a 
riot  of  formidable  dimensions,  where  courage  and  firearms 
must  be  displayed.  They  are  often  first  in  at  fires,  and  must 
have  their  wits  about  them  for  emergencies  of  all  sorts. 
Men  traveling  a  beat  must  needs  possess  some  of  the  attri- 
butes of  the  wagon  men,  but  as  the  patrol  wagon  crews  are 
called  upon  to  act  a  dozen  times  a  night  while  the  man  on 
beat  is  given  the  opportunity  but  once  in  a  week  or  a  month, 
it  follows  that  the  men  on  the  wagons  must  be  an  improve- 
ment on  the  ordinary  officer  on  beat. 


FRANK   PENZEN, 
Lieut.    Comdg.   West  North  Ave.  District. 


THE    PATROL    SEllVICE.  419 

The  electrical  features  of  tlie  patrol  system  have  chal- 
lenged the  admiration  of  electricians  all  over  the  country. 
Professor  Barrett,  the  head  and  front  of  the  working  elec- 
tricians of  the  West,  found,  that  in  carrying  out  the  details 
of  the  system  he  had  outlined  in  his  original  plans,  his 
pathway  was  anything  but  an  easy  one.  The  field  of  inven- 
tion in  the  way  of  electrical  appliances,  such  as  would  be 
called  into  service  in  arranging  a  patrol  system,  was  pretty 
thoroughly  covered  by  patents,  and  there  was  no  way  he 
could  do  but  go  to  work  and  devise  a  combination  of  instru- 
ments that  would  not  infringe  on  any  of  the  thousands  of 
patents  already  in  the  field,  and  yet  that  should  excel  any 
of  them.  This,  after  a  few  weeks  of  hard  work,  he  suc- 
ceeded in  doing,  but  while  waiting  for  the  issuing  of  the 
necessary  papers,  he  fixed  up  a  temporary  arrangement  that 
answered  the  purpose  for  the  first  year  that  the  system  was 
in  service.  He  fixed  up  at  the  receiving  points  a  number 
of  the  "registers"  used  by  the  fire-alarm  telegraph.  These 
were  open  to  but  one  objection:  the  record  had  to  be  made 
rather  slowly,  and  in  a  system  like  this,  the  saving  of  a  few 
seconds  was  a  matter  of  great  importance.  The  receiving 
apparatus  which  he  invented,  and  is  now  used  wherever  the 
patrol  system  has  been  adopted,  is  the  most  compact  thing 
of  the  kind  ever  constructed,  and  works  so  rapidly  that  it  is 
impossible  for  two  boxes  on  the  same  line  to  be  pulled,  or 
the  signals  so  sent  in  that  the  record  will  be  mixed.  The 
great  objection  to  the  slow  working  registers  was  that  it 
often  happened  that  two  alarms  turned  in  almost  simultan- 
eously would  be  so  blended  on  the  register  tape,  that  it  was 
impossible  to  tell  what  signal  had  been  sent  in. 

In  arranging  the  electrical  plant  of  a  district,  three  loops 
of  wire  are  so  strung  as  to  cover  the  points  at  which  it  is 
desired  to  locate  the  boxes.  Upon  each  one  of  these  loops, 
from  eight  to  ten  call  and  telephone  boxes  are  connected. 
At  the  station  there  are  three  registers,  one  for  each  of  the 
lines.     A   "running  card"   or   list  of   the   numbers  of  the 


420  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

boxes  with  their  location  is  close  at  hand.  An  operator  is 
constantly  on  duty.  The  number  of  a  box  is  expressed  by 
a  series  of  dashes  separated  by  spaces.  In  registering 
number  35,  for  instance,  there  would  be  printed  on  the  tape 
three  dashes,  then  a  short  space,  and  then  five  dashes,  thus : 

.     That  would  indicate  that  the  wagon  was 

wanted  at  Box  No.  35.  The  operator,  comprehending  this, 
would  push  an  electric  button  connected  with  the  quarters 
of  the  wagon  crew.  Pushing  the  button  starts  an  electric 
current  at  work ;  a  weight  is  dropped,  pulling  the  bolts  to 
the  doors  of  the  stalls  of  the  horses;  the  animals  step  out 
to  their  places  and  are  hitched  up;  the  ofiicer  in  charge 
moves  to  a  telephone  connecting  him  with  the  station,  and 
receives  from  the  operator  the  location  of  the  box,  and  they 
are  off. 

In  case  a  policeman  goes  to  the  box  to  report  to  the 
station,  as  he  is  required  to  do  every  hour,  he  moves  the 
pointer  on  the  dial  of  the  call  box  one  space,  and  then 
pulls  the  lever.  The  record  Box  35  makes  in  this  case  is: 
-.  The  one  additional  dash  means  "tele- 
phone" to  the  operator,  and  he  accordingly  moves  a  switch 
which  connects  a  telephone  at  the  station  with  the  one  in 
the  box.  The  officer  gives  his  name,  receives  any  instruc- 
tions there  may  be  for  him,  a  record  is  made  of  his  report, 
and  the  report  sheet  is  filed  with  Inspector  Bonfield  the 
next  day.  By  this  means  it  is  possible  to  learn  where  any 
particular  patrolman  was  at  any  specified  hour  at  any  date — 
something  that  often  proves  of  value  in  a  police  depart- 
ment. In  the  preparation  of  plans  for  the  quarters  occupied 
by  the  men  and  the  wagons.  Captain  Hubbard,  who,  at  the 
time  the  system  was  being  introduced,  was  a  patrolman  in 
the  West  Twelfth  street  district,  made  a  great  many  valuable 
suggestions.  In  fact  the  quarters  for  the  wagon  and  the 
men  are  still  built  on  his  plans.  He  introduced  a  simple 
and  ingenious  contrivance  for  the  automatic  opening  and 
closing  of  the  big  double  doors  of  the  houses.      They  open 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE.  421 

when  the  alarm  comes  in,  and  after  the  wagon  has  been  run 
out  close  and  lock. 

The  following  is  the  roster  of  the  patrol  service: 

FIRST  PRECINCT. 

Central  Station  District. — The  quarters  of  the  patrol 
wagon  in  this  district  are  at  the  north  end  of  the  Exposition 
building  in  a  part  of  what  was  once  the  First  Cavalry 
Armory.  The  men  respond  to  alai*ms  within  the  district 
bounded  on  the  north  and  west  by  the  river,  on  the  east  by 
the  lake  and  on  the  south  by  Van  Buren  street. 

MICHAEL  MANNING,  patrolman,  in  charge  of  one  of  the  details; 
born  at  Dublin,  Ireland,  August  17,  1855;  came  to  this  country 
early,  and  to  Chicago,  May  10,  1872;  in  June,  1883,  was  made  a 
member  of  the  police  force,  and  assigned  to  the  Harrison  street 
station;  while  there  he  had  a  sensational  tight  with  a  female  ma- 
niac on  Fourth  avenue  in  which  he  had  his  right  shoulder  broken; 
was  one  of  the  relief  sqiiad  sent  to  the  scene  of  the  McCormick 
riots  just  before  the  Haymarket  horror;  April  26, 1887,  was  detailed 
in  charge  of  the  Central  wagon. 

DENIS  H.  HARRINGTON,  patrolman;  born  at  Chatham,  New 
Brunswick,  February  1,  1846;  came  to  Chicago  in  1867,  and  July 
14,  1883,  was  appointed  to  the  police  force;  traveled  a  beat  in  the 
Desplaines  street  district  for  a  time;  served  at  the  West  North 
avenue  station,  and  on  the  Central  detail;  in  October,  1885,  was 
assigned  to  the  patrol  service,  on  the  Central  wagon ;  was  one 
of  the  reserve  force  sent  in  to  the  scene  of  the  Haymarket  riot, 
after  the  bomb  was  thrown. 

ANCEL  D.  NORCROSS,  patrolman;  driver  of  the  Central  wagon;  is  a 
graduate  of  the  fire  department;  was  born  at  Fort  Miller,  N.  Y. 
thirty-nine  years  ago;  came  to  Chicago  immediately  after  the  great 
fire;  was  a  member  of  the  fire  department  from  1874  till  1881, 
serving  on  engine  companies  No.  12  and  24;  in  September,  1881, 
the  Harrison  street  wagon  was  put  in  service,  and  as  an  expe- 
rienced and  careful  driver  he  was  wanted  on  this  the  first  two-horse 
wagon;  remained  there  for  two  years;  in  1883  was  sent  out  to 
drive  the  West  Lake  street  wagon,  and  in  1885  was  transferred  to 
the  Central;  made  remarkably  fast  time  with  a  load  of  officers  from 
the  Harrison  street  station  to  the  Haymarket,  and  all  through 
that  night  was  busy  hauling  the  wounded  officers  to  their  homes 
or  the  hospital. 


422  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

MICHAEL  J.  COSTELLO,  patrolman,  in  charge  of  one  of  the  Central 
station  wagon  details,  is  one  of  the  best  known  officers  in  the 
department;  born  at  Rutland,  Kane  county.  111.,  January  24,  1850; 
came  to  Chicago  while  a  lad  with  his  parents,  and  became  a  police 
officer  March  12,  1873;  as  patrolman  and  detective,  served  at  the 
Madison  (Union)  street,  and  Hinman  street  stations,  and  on  the 
Central  detail;  did  much  creditable  work  as  a  detective  at  the 
Madison  street  station,  and  made  a  reputation  as  a  brave  and 
determined  officer  in  many  a  struggle  with  the  desperadoes  of 
that  district;  arrested  and  sent  down  for  35  years,  Tom  Welch,  the 
wife  murderer,  and  in  1847  shot  "Pat  man"  Burke  in  a  desperate 
fight  on  West  Indiana  street;  had  charge  of  a  company  of  men 
under  Captain  Seavey,  in  the  railroad  riots,  and  with  them  went 
to  the  relief  of  a  little  squad  of  officers,  who  had  been  cut  ofP  from 
their  companies,  and  surrounded  by  a  maddened  mob  were  being 
pounded  and  shot  to  pieces  at  Halsted  street  bridge;  was  assigned 
to  the  Central  wagon  February  17,  1886. 

WILLIAM  BUTCHER,  patrolman  on  the  Central  wagon;  born  in  To- 
ronto, Canada,  October  24, 1846;  came  to  Chicago  in  1863;  August, 
1874,  was  appointed  on  the  force,  and  sent  to  the  Rawson  street 
Station;  afterward  was  transferred  to  the  Webster  and  last  to  the 
Chicago  avenue  station;  February  17,  1886,  was  assigned  to  the 
Central  station  wagon. 

FITCH  A.  TAYLOR,  patrolman,  driving  the  Central  station  wagon; 
born  at  Pleasant  Prairie,  Wis,,  July  1,  1849;  first  came  to  this  city 
in  January,  1872,  and  July  18,  1873,  was  appointed  to  the  police 
force,  and  assigned  to  the  West  Twelfth  street  station  Juuder  Ser- 
geant Simon  O'Donnell;  served  there  three  years,  then  went  to  the 
Union  street  station;  was  at  the  Lake  street  station  for  a  time, 
and  in  1881,  went  on  the  day  squad  or  Central  detail;  November, 
1885,  was  assigned  to  the  Central  wagon;  during  the  railroad  riots 
of  1877,  was  one  of  a  squad  of  29  men  which  became  cut  off  from 
the  general  body  of  police  at  the  Halsted  street  bridge,  and  sur- 
rounded by  the  mob,  was  almost  annihilated  before  assistance 
arrived;  was  shot  on  this  occasion  and  was  seriously  injured  by 
miBBiles  thrown  by  the  infuriated  mob. 

Harrison  Street  District. — The  patrol  wagon  at  the 
Armory  was  placed  in  service  in  July,  1881.  It  was  the 
first  wagon  built  for  the  service  and  fully  equipped  as  a 
patrol  wagon,  and  drawn  by  two  horses.  It  responds  to 
alarms  within  the  district  bounded  on  the  north  by  Yan 
Buren  street,  on  the  east  by  the  lake,  on  the   south  by  tlie 


THE    PATHOL    SERVICE.  423 

Union   Railroad  tracks,  near  Sixteenth  street,   and  on   the 
west  by  the  south  branch. 

THOMAS  POWERS,  patrolman  in  cliarge;  born  in  Chicago,  March  25, 
185G;  was  appointed  to  the  pohce  force  in  1879,  and  detailed  at  the 
Twenty-second  street  station,  servin<?  two  years  as  a  patrolman; 
was  then  transferred  to  the  Harrison  street  station,  where  ho  was 
given  charge  of  one  of  the  details;  in  this  position  he  has  fre- 
quently distinguished  himself,  but  never  more  than  in  an  accident 
at  the  Polk  street  bridge,  A  carriage  load  of  people  had  been 
thrown  into  the  river,  an  alarm  summoned  the  Harrison  street 
wagon,  and  Officer  Powers  was  in  the  nick  of  time  to  save  one  of 
the  women  of  the  party,  who  was  about  sinking  for  the  last  time; 
his  coolness  and  judgment  at  critical  times  have  often  proven  of 
value  to  his  companions  on  the  wagon. 

WILLIAM  GILLARD,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  Franklin  county, 
N.  Y.,  April  16,  1847;  came  to  Chicago  early  in  1856,  and  was  made 
a  member  of  the  department  October  8.  1873,  being  assigned  to 
the  Harrison  street  station,  where  he  has  remained  ever  since; 
has  been  in  charge  of  a  wagon  detail  for  about  two  years,  though 
he  was  assigned  to  that  branch  of  the  service  in  December,  1882. 

JOHN  MOORE,  patrolman;  born  at  Libertyville,  111.,  April  30,  1857; 
came  to  Chicago  January  1,  1877,  and  joined  the  police  force  in 
December,  1884,  being  located  at  the  West  Twelfth  street  station, 
where  he  traveled  a  beat  till  January  1,  1885,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Harrison  street  station  and  assigned  to  the  wagon 
June  1,  1887;  Pete  Campbell  a  notorious  burglar,  now  serving  a 
term  at  Joliet,  owes  his  confinement  to  Officer  Moore,  who  cap- 
tured him  and  sent  him  down. 

DANIEL  DONA  VAN,  patrolman;  born  in.  Ireland  twenty-nine  years 
ago;  came  to  Chicago  in  1868,  and  was  appointed  to  the  force  Sep- 
tember 15,  1884;  has  served  all  of  the  time  at  the  Harrison  street 
station,  and,  since  1886,  on  the  wagon. 

DAVID  BARRY,  patrolman  and  driver,  is  a  native  of  Tipperary,  Ire- 
land, where  he  was  born  March  19,  1834;  came  to  Chicago  in  1868, 
and  in  November,  1871,  just  after  the  great  fire,  was  made  a  mem- 
ber of  the  force;  served  first  in  the  Union  street  station,  putting 
in  ten  years  there;  in  1881  was  transferred  to  the  Central  station, 
in  the  old  Rookery,  where  he  drove  the  little  single-horse  wagon 
that  used  to  run  out  of  there,  and  in  March,  1886,  was  given  a 
place  on  the  Armory  wagon;  has  been  through  all  the  riots  since 
the  fire,  and  has  seen  much  hard  service,  but  was  never  seriously 
wounded. 

DANIEL  DOHNEY,  born  m  Ireland  in  1851;  came  here  when  he  was 


424  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

ten  years  of  Hge,  and  joined  the  police  force  September  15,  1884; 
since  his  appointment  be  bas  divided  his  time  between  traveUng  a 
beat  and  driving  the  wagon. 

Twenty-second  Street  District. — A  patrol  wagon  was 
placed  in  service  at  the  Twenty-second  street  station  late 
in  1881,  and  responds  to  alarms  within  a  district  one  and 
five-eighths  miles  in  area. 

ANDREW  BARRETT,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  County  Cork,  Ire- 
land, July  20,  1848;  came  to  this  country  at  the  age  of  five  years, 
reaching  Chicago  in  1861 ;  was  connected  with  the  Western  Bank 
Note  Engraving  Company  for  four  years  and  first  joined  the  police 
force  August  20, 1870;  served  at  the  West  Twelfth  street  and  Armory 
stations  before  being  assigned  to  the  Twenty-second  street  sta- 
tion, where  he  has  been  since  the  fire;  was  the  first  man  appointed 
to  a  wagon  when  the  patrol  was  introduced  at  the  Twenty-second 
street  station;  as  a  patrolman  on  beat,  convicted  a  number  of 
criminals  and  served  in  all  the  riots  except  the  Haymarket,  being 
in  San  Francisco  on  a  furlough  at  the  time  the  bomb  was  thrown. 

JOHN  W.  DUNNE,  patrolman;  born  in  Dublin  county,  Ireland,  Aug- 
ust 15,  1846,  and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1860;  after  a  few 
years  of  farm  life  in  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  came  to  Chi- 
cago; followed  his  trade  in  a  blast  furnace  till  1874  when  he  joined 
the  force,  April  2;  has  been  at  the  Twenty-second  street  station 
ever  since  his  appointment,  and  was  assigned  to  the  wagon  in 
1882;  had  a  narrow  escape  from  death  when  shot  at  by  Mike 
Muldoon  Madden,  and  was  fearfully  assaulted  in  Bridgeport  in 
the  spring  of  1875;  was  in  the  riots  of  1877  and  at  McCormick's; 
arrested  McLain  at  Thirtieth  and  Clark  streets,  with  $2,600  in 
stolen  money  in  his  possession;  McLain  pleaded  guilty  and  took  a 
year  in  the  penitentiary;  traveled  as  a  "fly"  in  citizen's  clothes  for 
several  years,  and  made  an  excellent  record. 

THOMAS  CULLEN,  patrolman  and  driver;  born  in  Dublin  in  1852; 
came  to  Chicago  when  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age;  teamed  it, 
drove  a  street-car,  drifted  around  the  country  and  finally  came 
back  to  Chicago,  going  on  the  fire  insurance  patrol  as  driver  in 
1872;  the  following  year  went  into  the  fire  department,  where  he 
remained  till  1879;  drove  three  years  for  the  American  Express 
Company,  and  went  on  the  police  force  in  1882;  served  at  Des- 
plaines  street  for  a  few  months  and  then  went  to  the  Twenty- 
second  street  station  where  he  has  remained;  went  on  the  wagon 
as  driver  in  March  following  his  appointment;  made  a  good  record 
as  patrolman  on  beat,  and  handled  his  team  well  in  the  West  Side 
street-car  riot  and  the  trouble  at  McCormick's. 


THE    I'ATUOL    SERVICE.  425 

WILLIAM  FLYNN,  patrolman  in  charge,  is  a  Limerick  man,  born  in 
that  county,  March  24,  1843;  his  family  came  to  Chicago  in  1852; 
became  connected  with  the  force  October  1,  1874;  served  at  the 
Union  street  station  and  at  West  Twelfth  street  before  going  to 
Twenty-second  street;  made  one  of  the  first  crew  detailed  at  the 
Twelfth  street  station ;  was  assigned  to  the  Twenty-second  street 
wagon  when  it  went  into  service;  was  in  the  riots  of  1877,  West 
Side  street-car  riot,  at  McCormick's  and  the  Haymarket,  his  crew 
doing  noble  work  caring  for  and  hauling  the  wounded;  has  had  a 
number  of  thrilling  experiences  in  dealing  with  the  toughs  af  the 
West  Twelfth  street  district;  shot  at  by  Ed.  Fitzgerald,  in  1877, 
and  shot  his  assailant  in  self-defense;  Fitzgerald  had  previously 
shot  Officers  Mclnerney  and  Kelly,  Kelly  being  in  an  insane 
asylum  now  from  the  effects  of  the  wound;  in  1884,  an  insane 
prisoner,  named  Miller,  cut  Officer  Flynn  in  twelve  places,  one  cut 
reaching  to  the  lung,  but  a  strong  constitution  saved  him. 

STEPHEN  EvELLY,  patrolman;  born  in  Tipperary  county,  Ireland, 
December  24, 1851 ;  came  to  Chicago  with  his  people  in  1865;  was  on 
the  fire  department  from  1874  till  1883,  serving  as  driver  of  Truck 
No.  4,  and  Engines  Nos.  6,  7  and  23;  in  1884,  joined  the  police  depart- 
ment; was  assigned  to  the  Twenty-second  street  station  and  to 
the  wagon  in  May,  1885;  was  in  the  street-car  and  Haymarket 
riots. 

THOMAS  MAKER,  patrolman;  born  at  Willow  Springs,  111.,  June  11, 
1849;  made  Chicago  his  home  in  1863,  and  joined  the  force  Aug- 
ust 26,  1873;  served  at  Union  street  and  Hinman  street  stations 
before  he  was  sent  to  the  Twenty -second  street  station;  was 
among  the  first  assigned  to  the  wagon,  and  with  Officer  Flynn  was 
cut  by  the  insane  man  Miller,  in  1884;  while  at  the  Union  street  sta- 
tion, on  his  way  in  with  a  prisoner  named  Haggerty,  was  assaulted 
by  a  rescuing  party,  shot  twice  and  fearfully  beaten,  but  he  hung 
to  his  prisoner  and  got  him  to  the  station;  served  through  all  the 
riots,  and  in  1884  sent  Dunkle,  Schultz  and  Long,  counterfeiters, 
to  Joliet  for  three  years,  each;  they  had  Sl,700  in  counterfeit  silver 
certificates  at  the  time  of  their  arrest. 

Cottage  Grove  Avenue  District. — The  Cottage  Grove 
avenue  patrol  was  established  May  2'2,  1882.  The  district 
contains  maoy  of  the  finest  residences  in  the  city,  extending 
as  it  does  from  Twenty-second  street  south  to  the  city 
limits,  and  from  the  lake  to  State  street.  There  are  about 
two  square  miles  in  the  district,  with  a  population  of  about 
70,000. 


42t)  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

MICHAEL  OTTO,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  Putnam  county,  Ill.> 
October  8, 1842;  came  to  Chicago  at  the  close  of  the  war;  during 
the  Rebellion,  served  as  a  private  in  the  Eighteenth  Illinois 
Infantry,  Co.  G.;  was  at  Pittsburg  Landing,  Donelson,  Missionary 
Ridge,  Lookout  Mountain  and  Johnsonville.  At  Pittsburg  Land- 
ing was  slightly  wounded;  joined  the  police  force  iu  1870,  serving 
first  at  the  Union  street  station;  in  1872,  went  to  the  West 
Twelfth  street  station,  where  he  stayed  till  1880,  since  when  he  has 
served  at  the  Twenty-second  and  Cottage  Grove  station,  doing 
duty  on  the  wagons  at  both  stations;  has  been  in  his  present  posi- 
tion for  two  years;  shot  Henry  Jones  a  colored  desperado  who  had 
stabbed  a  man  and  was  trying  to  get  away  iu  1873;  in  1871, 
arrested  Johnson,  the  wife  murderer,  at  Polk  and  Clark  street,  and 
had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  him  swing  for  it;  has  sent  to  the  • 
penitentiary  a  number  of  men  whose  combined  sentences  aggre- 
gate fifty-two  years. 

MORRIS  WHEELER,  patrolman;  born  at  Naperville,  111.,  January  8, 
1851 ;  joined  the  force  in  December,  1884,  and  has  been  at  the  Cottage 
Grove  station  all  the  time,  going  on  the  wagon  in  July,  1886;  has 
made  an  excellent  record,  and  participated  in  all  the  riots  that 
occurred  after  he  became  a  policeman. 

JAMES  E.  FARRELL,  patrolman;  born  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  June  4,  1841; 
came  to  Chicago  in  1844;  followed  railroading  till  he  joined  the 
force  September  18,  1874,  serving  at  the  Webster  avenue  station 
two  months,  and  then  going  to  Cottage  Grove;  was  assigned  to 
the  wagon  in  June,  1882,  and  has  served  upon  it  continuously 
since;  convicted  his  share  of  the  men  who  are  now  in  Joliet,  and 
was  in  all  the  riots. 

OWEN  BO  WEN,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  County  Letram,  Ireland, 
on  Christmas,  1842;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1867,  and  to 
Chicago  shortly  afterward;  worked  at  the  North  Side  rolling 
mills,  and  for  Allan  Pinkerton,  from  1868  to  1873,  and  joined  the 
police  force  under  Washburn;  served  at  the  old  temporary  station 
on  Dearborn  avenue,  and  at  the  East  Chicago  avenue  station 
when  it  was  built,  afterward  at  the  Armory  and  Cottage  Grove, 
making  the  last  change  in  1882;  was  interested  in  the  work  that 
broke  up  the  Williams  gang  of  body  suatchers.  Dr.  Williams  being 
shot  in  attempting  to  get  away  from  the  officers;  in  trying  to  arrest 
Mike  Madden  on  a  state  warrant,  in  1878,  Bowen  met  with  resist- 
ance, and  shot  him  dead;  secured  admission  to  the  penitentiary 
for  a  number  of  people  who  were  preying  on  society ;  has  been  in 
all  the  riots  since  he  joined  the  force. 

PATRICK  MAHONEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Clare  county,  Ireland,  Feb- 
ruary 13,  1844;  came  to  this  country,  and  direct  to  Chicago,  in 
1863;  joined  the  force  ten  years  afterward;  put  in  eight  years  at  the 


THE    r.VTROL    SERVICE.  427 

Deerin<,'  street  station,  aud  was  then  transferred  to  the  station 
with  which  he  is  now  connected;  was  assigned  to  the  wagon  when 
it  was  first  phiced  in  service;  was  stabbed  in  the  breast  by  James 
Furlong  in  1878,  while  trying  to  eject  him  from  a  dance  hall  at 
Wood  street  and  Archer  avenue;  Furlong  got  off  with  a  $25  fine; 
was  shot  at  by  Bob  Sheridan,  whom  he  was  trying  to  arrest  for  the 
gas  house  robbery;  Mahoney  had  him  but  a  gang  rescued  him,  and 
revolvers  were  freely  used;  the  bullet  intended  for  Mahoney  struck 
Sergeant  (now  lieutenant)  Shepard  in  the  shoulder;  served  in 
all  the  riots. 

THOMAS  S.  BRADY,  patrolman;  born  at  Oarbondale,  Pa.,  December 
25,  1818;  came  to  Chicago  in  1852;  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred 
and  Fifty-sixth  Illinois  Infantry  when  sixteen  years  of  age,  and 
served  a  year;  before  his  enlistment  he  was  connected  with  the 
Cleveland  Leader,  aud  all  the  other  pressmen  but  him  were  called 
out  for  three  months;  Brady  who  was  then  but  a  lad,  worked  the 
presses  alone  for  three  issues;  before  coming  to  Chicago  had 
vainly  tried  to  enlist  at  half  a  dozen  points,  but  was  refused  on 
account  of  his  youth;  finally  got  in  with  four  sailors  who  took  him 
to  Camp  Fry  and  there  he  was  accepted;  joined  the  police  force 
June  13,  1883,  and  was  sent  to  Cottage  Grove,  after  putting  in 
sixty  days  at  the  Harrison  street  station;  July  20,  1886,  was 
assigned  to  the  wagon;  has  convicted  a  number  of  tough  people 
and  saw  service  during  the  street-car,  McCormick,  and  Haymarket 
riots. 

TniRTY-FiFrH  Street  District.— The  detail  at  the 
Thirty-fifth  street  station  has  one  of  the  hardest  districts 
in  the  city  to  cover,  adjoining  the  stock  yards  as  it  does  and 
being  populated  in  certain  parts  by  an  exceedingly  tough 
class  of  people. 

GEORGE  D.  MEAD,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  Lee  county,  HI.,  Octo- 
ber 31,  1844;  served  with  the  Thirty-fifth  Illinois  from  1861  to  1865, 
and  at  the  close  of  the  war  came  to  Chicago,  and  joined  the  force 
April  7, 1873;  served  at  the  Harrison  street  station  till  1880,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  the  Central  detail,  where  he  put  in  three 
years;  in  August,  1884,  was  assigned  to  the  Thirty-fifth  street 
station,  and  given  charge  of  one  of  the  details;  was  through  the 
riots  of  1877,  and  was  at  the  Haymarket  with  his  detail. 

RICHARD  F.  CRONIN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ulster  county,  N.  Y.,  Feb- 
ruary 8,  1849;  in  1865,  came  to  Chicago,  and  in  December,  1884,  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force,  and  assigned  to  the  Twenty-second 
street  station;  remained  there  till  June,  1887;  transferred  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  street  station;  was  at   the  Haymarket  as  a   member 


428  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

of  Lieutenant  Relim's  company,  but  was  not  wounded;  has  handled 
hie  share  of  criminal  cases,  and  is  detailed  as  driver  for  one  of  the 
crews. 

DENNIS  QUINLAN;  born  in  Ireland  July  23, 1845,  and  came  to  Chicago 
in  1869,  after  five  years  spent  in  other  parts  of  the  country;  Octo- 
bers, 1873,  was  appointed  to  the  police  force,  and  put  in  nine  years 
at  the  Twenty-second  street  station;  in  18S2,  was  transferred  to 
the  Harrison  street  station,  where  he  remained  for  two  years'; 
then  was  sent  to  the  Thirty-fifth  street  station,  and  August  7, 1887, 
was  assigned  to  the  wagon;  was  shot  by  a  burglar  named  Frank 
Brodie,and  was  through  the  riots  of  1877,  and  was  at  McCormick's; 
while  traveling  a  beat  at  the  Harrison  street  station,  Officer  Quin- 
lan  ran  against  a  bartender  named  John  Weaver  with  whom  he  was 
acquainted,  and  was  at  once  struck  with  the  unusual  fineness  of 
his  clothes,  aud  the  bigness  of  his  watch  chain.  He  told  Quinlan. 
that  he  had  just  received  a  check  from  his  aunt  in  the  old  country, 
and  was  going  to  leave  for  Ii-eland  that  night.  Quinlan  invited 
him  down  to  say  good-bye  to  the  captain,  and  forced  him  to  go 
along.  When  they  got  there  they  found  a  Scotchman  who 
exclaimed  as  they  entered  the  door,  "That  man  has  got  on  my 
clothes."  He  had  been  robbed  of  his  clothing,  $186  in  cash  and  a 
check  for  800  pounds  sterling.  Weaver  was  sent  to  Joliet,  and 
died  there.  Billy  Jourdan,  who  killed  a  companion  in  a  quarrel, 
aud  Fred  Ray,  who  kicked  his  wife  to  death,  were  sent  down  by 
Officer  Quinlan  for  fifteen  years  each. 

WILLIAM  BO  WE;  born  in  Tipperary,  Ireland,  November  28,  18'16;r  ime 
to  the  United  States  in  1859,  and  in  1860  to  Chicago;  enlisted  in 
the  Thirty-sixth  Wisconsin  Volunteers,  and  served  for  nine 
months;  then  came  to  Chicago,  and  remained  here;  joined  the 
force  in  June,  1883.  and  served  at  the  Desplaines  street  station 
till  October  of  that  year,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  street  station,  and  was  assigned  to  the  wagon;  was  driving 
the  wagon  in  response  to  a  call  one  night  in  1886,  and  at  one  of 
the  railway  crossings  was  run  into  by  a  fast  mail  train;  both  horses 
were  killed  and  the  wagon  reduced  to  kindling  wood,  but  no  one 
was  injured  seriously. 

JAMES  DONLIN;  born  in  New  York  City  November  14,  1847,  and 
came  to  Chicago  in  October,  1860;  was  appointed  to  the  force 
June  13,  l'i83,  aud  assigned  to  the  Harrison  street  station  where 
he  remained  till  transferred  on  the  Thirty-fifth  street  station, 
November  1,  1884;  was  appointed  on  the  wagon  August  1,  1887; 
was  present  at  theHaymarket  as  a  member  of  one  of  the  compa- 
nies sent  in  after  the  bomb  had  been  thrown. 

MICHAEL  McGRATH  is  a  native  of  Waterford  county,  Ireland,  where 
he  was  born  December  25, 1854;  came  to  Chicago  in  1872,  and  joined 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE.  429 

the  police  force  in  December,  1884;  was  assigned  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
street  station,  and  iu  March,  1885,  was  detailed  on  the  wagon; 
was  in  the  MoOormick  riots,  but  was  not  wounded. 

Stanton  Avenue  District. — The  Stanton  avenue 
station  was  opened  June  11,  1887,  and  a  wagon  placed  in 
service  there  covering  the  district  lying  sovitli  of  Thirty- 
first  street  between  the  lake  and  State  street. 

ANTHONY  PAYTON;  born  August  4,  1862;  came  to  Chicago  iu  1880; 
in  December,  1884,  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  and  sent  first 
to  the  Larrabee  street  station;  was  there  for  about  a  year  and  a 
half,  and  at  West  Thirteenth  street  a  year,  and  a  short  time  at  the 
Cottage  Grove  avenue  station;  when  Stanton  avenue  was  opened 
was  given  charge  of  one  of  the  details;  during  the  anarchist 
troubles  was  at  the  Haymarket,  and  at  the  corner  of  Division  and 
Halsted  streets  iu  April,  1886,  was  assaulted  by  a  gang  of  toughs 
and  nearly  killed,  and  it  was  in  the  Larrabee  street  district  that  he 
arrested  Eobert  Zimmerling  and  sent  him  to  the  penitentiary  for 
assaulting  his  wife. 

CHKISTIAN  HIORTH,  patrolman  in  charge,  is  a  native  of  Sweden, 
where  he  was  born  October  8,  1844;  came  to  the  United  States 
October  8,  1868,  coming  direct  to  Chicago;  was  appointed  to  the 
police  force  in  1877;  put  in  all  his  time  at  Cottage  Grove  avenue 
station  until  Stanton  avenue  was  opened,  when  he  was  placed  m 
charge  of  one  of  the  wagons  there;  has  handled  a  number  of  good 
cases,  fully  his  share  of  those  that  fall  to  the  patrolman,  among 
others  sending  the  burglar  Frank  Rush  to  the  penitentiary. 

JOHN  COSTELLO,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Ireland  May  21,  1851,  and 
coming  to  this  country  when  an  infant,  grew  up  in  Chicago;  was 
appointed  to  the  police  department  in  July,  1885,  and  assigned 
to  the  Harrison  street  station,  where  he  traveled  a  beat  until  he 
was  transferred  to  the  Stanton  avenue  station  when  it  was  opened; 
he  is  second  in  rank  on  the  wagon. 

JACOB  A.  WEST;  born  in  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  April  8, 1859;  came  to  Chicago 
in  1879;  August  15,  1885,  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  at  the 
Hinman  street  station,  where  he  served  two  years,  then  was 
transferred  to  the  Stanton  avenue  station,  where  he  was  made 
driver  of  the  patrol  wagon;  while  at  the  Hinman  street  station 
the  McCormick  riots  occurred,  and  he  was  one  of  the  officers  who 
had  been  sent  to  the  works  to  see  if  there  was  to  be  any  trouble; 
was  standing  at  the  big  gate  leading  to  the  works  when  the  charge 
of  the  mob  was  made  on  the  workmen  as  they  left  the  place,  and 
Officer  West  turned  in   the  alarm  for  the  wagon  from  Hinman 


430  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

street  station;  there  was  a  lively  time  for  an  hour  or  so,  but  he 
escaped  without  injury. 

FRANK  LAWSON,  patrolman,  was  born  in  McHenry  county,  111., 
December  11,1858,  and  came  to  Chicago  in  1881;  January  10, 1887, 
he  was  appointed  to  the  police  force,  and  assigned  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  street  station,  from  which  he  was  transferred  to  the  Stanton 
avenue  station  when  that  was  opened;  drives  one  of  the  details, 
and  is  a  careful  and  reliable  man. 

SECOND  PRECINCT. 

West  Twelfth  Street  District. — The  West  Twelfth 
street  police  district  has  probably  seen  the  development  of 
more  thieves  and  thugs  than  all  other  parts  of  this  city  com- 
bined, and  to  the  officers  of  the  West  Twelfth  street  station 
has  fallen  the  lot  of  keeping  an  eye  on  the  rising  criminal 
generation.  A  few  years  ago  it  seemed  as  if  nothing  could 
protect  the  respectable  people  of  the  district  against  the 
depredations  of  the  gangs  and  hoodlums  that  infested  every 
corner.  A  single  policeman  had  no  terrors  for  the  young 
desperadoes,  and  it  was  as  often  an  officer  who  was  tackled 
as  a  belated  citizen  who  was  attacked.  They  shot,  slugged 
and  stabbed  at  the  slightest  provocation,  and  generally  man- 
aged to  get  away  Scot  free.  It  was  in  this  district  that  the 
patrol  system  received  its  first  trial,  and  the  change  wrought 
by  the  introduction  of  the  blue  boxes  and  the  dashing  wagons 
was  almost  miraculous.  The  patrol  service,  more  than  any- 
thing else,  brought  about  the  improvement  of  the  district, 
and  has  made  it  a  pleasant  section  to  live  in. 

THOMAS  R.  SHANLEY,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  County  Leitrim, 
Ireland,  in  1842;  came  to  this  country  and  Chicago  in  1856;  became 
connected  with  the  force  September  3,  1874,  and  served  through 
the  thick  of  the  '77  riots;  served  three  years  in  plain  clothes  and 
sent  a  great  many  deserving  young  men  to  the  penitentiary  for 
their  misdeeds;  was  at  the  scrimmage  between  the  mob  and  the 
police  at  McCormick's,  and  at  the  riots  at  Center  avenue  and 
Eighteenth  streets;  has  never  been  reprimanded. 

MICHAEL  McMAHON,  patrolman ;  born  in  County  Limerick,  Ireland, 
April  24,  1839,  and  came  to  Chicago  June  28,  1848;  January  23, 
1872,  joined  the  police  force;  served  till  August,  1883,  when  he 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE.  431 

tesifrned;  was  reappointcnl  in  Maicli,  1885,  and  in  July,  1886,  was 
assi4,med  to  thewayou;  luatle  an  excellent  record  as  a  patrolman, 
and  did  splendid  service  in  the  riots  of  1877  at  the  McCormick 
works,  Eighteenth  street  and  Center  avenue  and  at  the  Haymarket; 
has  never  had  charges  preferred  against  him, 

JOHN  GAKA.  patrolman  and  driver;  came  from  Roscommon,  Irehmd, 
where  he  was  born  in  1845,  to  Chicago  in  1866;  joined  the  force  in 
the  spring  of  1871;  as  a  patrolman  on  beat  was  faithful  and 
efficient,  as  the  records  of  the  criminal  court  will  testify,  and  when 
the  wagon  was  placed  in  service  was  one  of  the  first  to  be  selected 
as  a  driver;  has  seen  service  in  all  the  riots  since  becoming 
connected  with  the  force. 

HENRY  CARRAGHER,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  County  Monahan, 
Ireland,  in  1844,  but  left  Ireland  to  come  to  America  and  Chicago, 
in  1867;  for  six  years  found  employment  in  the  wholesale  groceries, 
and  in  September,  1873,  secured  a  position  on  the  force,  being 
assigned  to  the  West  Chicago  avenue  station ;  since  his  appoint- 
ment has  served  at  the  West  Madison  and  Hinman  street  stations, 
but  for  the  last  ten  years  has  been  at  the  West  Twelfth  street 
station;  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  wagon  November  1,  1886, 

MICHAEL  KENNEY,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Clare,  Ireland,  in 
1849;  when  eight  years  of  age  came  to  the  United  States,  and  a 
year  or  two  afterward  caihe  to  Chicago;  August  9,  1874,  was 
appointed  to  the  force,  and  assigned  to  the  West  Twelfth  street 
station;  was  attached  to  the  Hinman  street  station  during  the  riots 
of  1877,  after  which  returned  to  the  West  Twelfth  st  reet  station, 
where  he  has  since  remained;  was  appointed  to  serve  on  the  wagon 
in  1882. 

PATRICK  SULLIVAN,  patrolman  and  driver;  born  in  County  Clare, 
Ireland,  in  1850,  and  came  to  Chicago  with  his  parents  in  1852; 
was  a  teamster  till  he  joined  the  police  force  in  January,  1877; 
served  first  at  Deering  street  station,  and  then  went  to  the 
Twelfth  street,  where  he  had  served  two  months;  when  the  wagon 
was  introduced  he  was  made  driver;  during  the  two  months  he 
traveled  post  he  convicted  two  men,  "Fixy"  Fritz,  who  shot  Mrs, 
O'Brien,  and  Breckenridge  the  burglar;  was  the  first  driver  of  a 
patrol  wagon  in  the  city;  as  a  patrolman  he  served  through  the 
riots  of  1877,  and  since  going  on  the  wagon  has  taken  part  in  the 
disturbances  at  McCormick's  at  Eighteenth  street  and  Center 
avenue,  and  drove  a  load  of  twenty-five  men  to  the  Haymarket 
riot  in  remarkably  short  time, 

Canalport  Avenue  District. — The  patrol  wagon  of  this 
station  covers  the  area  bounded  on  the  north  by  west  Six- 

34 


432  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

teenth  street,  on  the  south  and  east  by  the  rivers,  and  on 
the  west  by  Loomis  street.  It  contains  about  one  square 
mile,  and  has  a  population  of  about  20,000. 

FRANK  REHM,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  May  22, 
1857;  lived  there  till  he  was  fifteen  years  old,  when  he  removed  to 
Chicago  and  followed  the  trade  of  boxmaker  till  January  13,  1883, 
when  he  joined  the  police  force  and  was  assigned  to  the  West 
Twelfth  street  station;  after  serving  two  months  at  that  station 
was  transferred  to  the  Harrison  street  station,  where  he  remained 
till  the  opening  of  the  Canalport  station,  when  he  was  transferred 
and  placed  in  charge  of  the  wagon  in  September,  1886;  was  through 
the  McCormick  and  street-car  riots,  and  has  a  number  of  creditable 
convictions  on  his  record. 

JOHN  BECVAE,  patrolman;  born  in  Austria,  May  18,  1859;  at  four 
years  of  age  came  to  this  country  and  worked  as  a  teamster  till  he 
joined  the  force  July  18,  1886;  was  at  Twelfth  street  first,  but  after- 
ward was  sent  to  the  Canalport  avenue  station,  and  January  20, 
1887,  was  assigned  to  the  wagon;  Officer  Becvar  was  with  Officer 
Walsh  when  the  latter  was  shot  by  Gefse,  and  it  was  Becvar  who 
arrested  Geise,  and  saw  that  he  was  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for 
nine  years. 

JOHN  M.  SISK,  patrolman  and  driver;  born  in  County  Limerick,  Ire- 
land, March  8,  1850,  and  when  five  years  old  came  to  Illinois  with 
his  parents;  when  eleven,  came  to  Chicago  and  followed  the  trade 
of  brickmolder  till  he  joined  the  force  in  1833;  put  in  three  years 
at  the  West  Chicago  avenue  station,  and  was  transferred  to 
Canalport  avenue  when  that  station  was  opened;  was  attached  to 
the  wagon  at  once;  served  at  the  Haymarket  and  the  West  Division 
street-car  riots. 

JOHN  O'DONNELLi,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  County  Clare,  Ire- 
land, June  22,  1851,  and  came  to  Chicago  in  1869;  followed  his 
trade  as  heater  in  a  rolling  mill  till  June,  1883,  when  he  was  made  a 
member  of  the  force;  was  at  the  Harrison  street  and  Deering  street 
stations  till  the  Canalport  avenue  one  was  opened,  when  he  was 
transferred  and  placed  in  charge  of  the  wagon ;  was  in  all  the  riots, 
great  and  small,  that  happened  after  he  had  joined  the  force,  and  he 
has  a  number  of  toughs  stopping  at  Joliet  through  his  efforts. 

PATRICK  FARLEY  is  from  County  Meath,  Ireland,  where  he  was 
born  December  5, 1854;  when  fifteen  years  old  he  came  to  Chicago, 
and  June  1,  1882,  secured  a  position  on  the  police  department; 
when  the  Canalport  avenue  station  was  opened,  was  transferred 
from  Hinmau  street,  where  he  had  been  on  the  wagon,  and  set  at 
driving  the  one  at  the  new  station;  was  handling  the  lines  the  day 


THE    I'ATUOL    SERVICE.  433 

of  the  McCormick  riot,  auJ  rau  twelve  men  in  ou  the  scene;  they 
were  the  first  ou  the  ground,  and  had  a  hot  time  of  it  till  reinforce- 
ments arrived. 

HiNMAN  Street  District. — There  is  in  this  district  an 
area  of  about  four  and  a  quarter  square  miles  to  be  covered  by 
this  wagon.  The  system  was  introduced  in  the  district  July 
7,  1883,  and  the  wagon  responds  to  alarms  between  Sixteenth 
street  and  the  river,  and  Loomis   street  and  the  city  limits. 

JOHN  MONAGHAN;  born  in  County  West  Meath,  Ireland,  February 
27, 1852;  in  1869  came  to  Chicago,  and  in  September,  1885,  was  put 
on  the  force;  served  at  the  Thirty-fifth  and  West  Thirteenth  sta- 
tions before  going  to  the  Canalport  avenue  station,  and  was 
assigned  to  the  wagon  in  August,  1886;  was  present  at  the  Hay- 
market  affair,  bat  escaped  uninjured. 

WILLIAM  MAYWOEM,  patrolman  in  charge;  bom  at  Olpe,  Germany, 
January  5,  1842;  came  to  the  United  States  when  three  years  old, 
remained  at  Detroit  till  sixteen  years  old,  when  he  came  to  Chi- 
cago; in  1874  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  and  assigned  to 
the  Union  street  station,  where  he  served  four  years,  till  the 
Hinman  street  station  was  opened,  when  he  was  sent  there;  was 
assigned  to  the  wagon  Januai-y  12,  1883;  was  in  all  the  riots  that 
have  occurred  since  he  joined  the  force,  and  has  stowed  a  dozen 
crooks  away  in  Joliet. 

PATRICK  McCarthy,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Clare,  Ireland,  Au- 
gust 15,  1853;  came  to  Chicago,  1871,  and  February  2,  1880,  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force;  served  first  ac  the  West  Twelfth  street 
station,  but  after  three  months  was  sent  to  Hinman  street;  has 
been  on  the  wagon,  with  the  exception  of  one  year,  since  1883; 
was  at  the  McCormick  and  street-car  riots,  and  has  sent  two  men 
to  the  penitentiary  for  long  terms. 

MYLES  DOLAN;  born  in  County  Leitrim,  Ireland,  June  2,  1853;  came 
to  this  country  and  Chicago  in  1869;  for  several  years  was  con- 
nected with  one  of  the  City  Hall  departments,  and  May  9,  1882, 
was  appointed  to  the  police  force;  was  at  Desplaines  and  West 
Twelfth  street  for  three  years  before  being  assigned  to  Hinman 
street;  was  detailed  on  the  wagon  iu  June,  1886;  was  in  the 
McCormick  troubles,  and  has  to  his  credit  the  usual  number  of 
good  police  cases. 

LAWRENCE  BIRMINGHAM,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  County 
Limerick,  Ireland,  February  28,  1847.  When  he  was  nineteen 
years  old,  came  to  Chicago,  and  January  28,  1882,  was  appointed 
to  the  police  force;  was  assigned  to  the   Hinman   street  station, 


434  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

and  was  never  trausferieJ;  was  j,nveu  charfje  of  the  wagon  crew  in 
May,  1885.  and  has  shown  consiilerable  ability  in  the  discharge  of 
his  duties;  was  through  the  McCormi^k  and  street-car  riots. 

WILLIAM  P.  COLEMAN,  patrohnan;  born  in  County  SUgo,  Ireland, 
March  10,  183i);  in  18G1  struck  out  for  himself,  coming  to  the 
United  States  and  obtained  employment  in  A.  T.  Stewart's  store, 
where  he  remained  till  1870,  when  he  moved  to  Chicago;  here  he 
joined  the  police  force  in  February,  1874,  putting  in  his  sixty  days 
at  the  Deering  street  station;  put  in  six  years  at  the  old  Madison 
street  station,  and  after  fifteen  months  at  the  Rawsou  street  sta- 
tion, was  sent  to  Hinman,  and  assigned  to  the  wagon  in  July,  1886. 
Two  years  ago.  Officer  Coleman  tried  to  arrest  ''Speckled"  Colvin, 
who  had  killed  a  policeman  in  Ohio,  and  broken  jail.  Colvin  and 
several  of  his  companions  resisted  the  officer  and  then  assaulted  him, 
but  he  managed  to  get  his  man  to  the  station.  He  has  been  shot  at 
often,  but  seems  to  bear  a  charmed  life;  was  in  the  riots  of  '77  and 
all  of  importance  since  that  time. 

JAMES  MERNEN,  is  a  native  of  County  Clare,  Ireland,  where  he  was 
born  April  5,  1850;  when  fourteen  years  old,  came  to  New  York, 
and  finally  to  Chicago  in  1868;  in  September,  1880,  Avas  appointed 
to  the  force,  and  sent  to  Hinman  street  after  a  month  at  West 
Twelfth  street;  was  assigned  to  the  wagon  when  it  was  put  in 
service  in  1883,  and  was  in  all  the  riots  that  occurred  after  he 
joined  the  force. 

Deering  Street  District. — The  Deering  street  station 
patrol  wagon  was  placed  in  service  July  4,  1884,  and  owing 
to  the  heavy  roads  and  the  tough  character  of  certain  dis- 
tricts there,  the  men  on  the  detail  have  anything  but  a  rosy 
time  of  it. 

JOHN  J.  ME  ANY,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  Burlington,  Vermont, 
June  15, 1850;  came  to  Chicago  in  1868,  and  August  25,  1875,  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force,  and  sent  to  the  Deering  street 
station;  was  through  the  riots  of  1877,  and  the  street  car  troubles 
of  late  years,  as  well  as  at  McOormick's  and  the  Haymarket;  as  a 
patrolman  on  beat,  did  a  great  deal  of  creditable  work  in  connec- 
tion with  the  other  offices  of  the  station;  helped  work  up  the  evi- 
dence which  sent  Burk,  Kennfrick  and  Steve  Rogers  to  the  peni- 
tentiary for  burglary  in  1881,  and  Sam  Gaskiu  was  another  des- 
perado whom  he  helped  place  within  the  walls  of  Joliet. 

MICHAEL  NAGLE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland,  December  24, 1853,  and 
came  to  the  United  States  in  April,  1876;  September  19,  1882,  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  and  detailed  at  the  Twenty-second 
street  station,  where  be  remained  until  November,  1883,  when  he 


THE    r.VTllOL    SERVICE.  4 3 5 

was  transferred  to  the  Deering  street  station  and  assigned  to  the 
wagon  in  September,  188(5;  was  in  the  McGormick  riots,  but  was 
not  injured;  arrested  RUey  and  Harrison,  the  burglars,  and  sent 
them  to  the  penitentiary  for  a  term  of  years  each. 

JOHN  P.  NOLAN;  born  in  Chicago,  April  8,  1851,  and  was  made  a 
member  of  the  force,  October  26,  1875;  for  four  years  he  served  at 
the  Union  street  and  Hinman  street  stations,  and  was  then  trans- 
ferred to  Deering,  where  he  was  assigned  to  the  wagon  when  it  was 
put  in  service;  worked  in  cunuection  with  Offitier  Meany  in  settling 
the  Rogers-Burke-Keuuefrick  gang  of  burglars,  and  has  done  his 
share  of  good  work  in  putting  away  the  toughs  of  tlie  district. 

JAMES  D.  FITZMAURICE,  patrolmau  in  charge;  born  in  Ireland  in 
,1810,  and  came  to  the  Uuite.l  States  in  the  fall  of  1866.  In  1873 
was  appointed  to  the  police  force,  and  after  being  shifted  about 
for  a  time  was  assigned  to  the  Deering  street  station,  where  he 
was  detailed  on  the  wagon  when  it  was  started;  has  participated 
in  all  of  the  ricts  since  becoming  a  member  of  the  force;  sent  down 
to  Joliet  the  notorious  John  Welch,  and,  with  Officer  Meany, 
"settled"  Sam  Gaskin,  burglar  and  highwayman. 

MICHAEL.  CONROY;  born  in  Ireland  in  February,  1859,  and  came  to 
the  United  States  and  Chicago  in  1877;  in  June,  1883,  was  appointed 
to  the  i)olice  force  and  assigned  to  the  Doeriug  street  station;  in 
1886  was  detailed  on  the  wagon;  was  at  the  riots  at  Center  avenue 
and  Eighteenth  streets,  and  was  lucky  enough  to  get  away  unhurt; 
arrested  and  sent  to  the  penitentiary  James  Crotty  and  Mike 
Nicholson  for  burglary,  and  also  seat  the  notorious  Dau  Cava- 
naugh,  one  of  the  Cavanaugh  brothers,  down  for  ten  years. 

JAMES  BERGEN;  born  in  Ireland,  in  1846,  and  when  he  was  seven 
years  old  came  to  this  country;  in  1855  came  to  Chicago,  and 
August  18,  1870,  was  made  a  member  of  the  force;  served  first  3fc 
the  old  Armory,  corner  of  Adams  and  Franklin  streets,  and  a  few 
months  each  at  the  Twenty-second,  Deering,  and  Hinman  street 
stations,  before  settling  down  permanently  at  the  Deering  street 
station;  when  the  wagon  was  placed  in  service  was  assigned  to 
drive  it;  was  in  the  lumber  yard  riots  of  1874;  in  1872  was  shot  by 
a  man  named  Coughlin;  and  in  1873  was  again  shot,  this  time  by 
the  notorious  '"Dicky"  Burns;  was  at  the  Halsted  street  viaduct 
during  the  railroad  riots  of  1877,  but,  beyond  a  few  scratches, 
escaped  unhurt.  It  was  the  crew  with  which  he  is  connected  for 
whose  benefit  a  mob  stretched  a  telegraph  wire  across  the  street 
at  a  height  that  would  catch  the  men  in  the  wagon  about  breast 
high  as  they  were  dashing  along,  and  the  expectation  was  that  it 
would  sweep  them  all  from  the  vehicle.  The  plot  was  discovered 
in  time,  and  a  citizen  cut  the  wire  a  few  minutes  before  the  wagon 
appeared,  in  response  to  an  alarm  from  the  neighborhood  of  the 


43»>  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

McCormick  works,  where  rioting  was  going  on.  He  seut  Jeff 
Keating  to  the  penitentiary  for  life,  for  the  murder  of  James 
Townseud. 

West  Thirteenth  Street  District. — The  West  Thir- 
teenth street  wagon  was  placed  in  service  when  the  station 
was  opened  May  1,  1886,  just  in  time  to  become  valuable 
during  the  labor  and  anarchistic  troubles  of  that  month. 

ANDKEW  J.  PENNELL,  native  of  Burlington,  Vt.,  where  he  was  born 
November  27,  1829;  came  to  Chicago  in  1847,  and  at  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war  enlisted  in  the  Fourth  Michigan  Cavalry  with 
which  he  served  till  mustered  out  in  1864;  returned  to  Chicago, 
and  September  15,  1865,  was  appointed  to  the  police  force;  served 
at  the  old  Armory  till  1866  when  he  went  to  Twenty-second  street; 
two  years  later  was  sent  to  Cottage  Grove;  went  back  to  the 
Armory  in  1870;  was  made  a  member  of  the  day  squad  in  1872^ 
and  in  1882  was  sent  to  the  Twelfth  street  station,  where  ho 
remained  till  he  was  sent  to  the  West  Thirteenth  street  station,  and 
assigned  to  the  wagon  May  1,  1886;  participated  in  all  the  riots 
that  (jccurred  after  he  joined  the  department,  and  has  done  his 
share  of  good  police  work. 

PHILLIP  G.  MILLER,  born  in  Germany  October  21,  1838,  and  came 
to  Chicago  in  1864;  was  made  a  member  of  the  police  force  in  July 
1873,  and  after  putting  in  nearly  two  years  at  the  Cottage  Grove 
station,  was  sent  to  the  West  Twelfth  street  station  where  he 
remained  till  assigned  to  West  Thirteenth  street,  and  the  wagon 
May  1, 1886;  sent  Pat  Kelly  to  the  penitentiary  for  three  years  for 
robbery,  aud  served  in  the  riots  of  1877  and  1886. 

JOHN  McDERMOTT,  born  in  Ireland  in  1853,  and  came  to  Chicago  in 
1870;  was  made  a  member  of  the  force  June  15,  1883,  and  assigned 
to  the  West  Twelfth  street  station,  where  he  remained  till  the 
West  Thirteenth  street  station  was  opened;  was  detailed  on  the 
wagon  September  15,  1886,  aud  has  shown  himself  to  be  a  good 
officer;  sent  Henry  Flanuery  to  Joliet  for  eight  years  for  robbery 
in  1883.  and  August  Zinc  for  one  year  for  assault  with  intent  to 
kill;  took  part  in  the  riot  of  1886,  but  was  not  wounded. 

JOHN  H.  DUNN,  patrolman,  born  at  Dubuque,  Iowa,  in  1845;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1876;  was  appointed  to  the  force  May  8,  1882,  serving 
first  at  the  West  Twelfth  street  station  where  he  remained  till 
May  1,  1886,  when  he  was  sent  to  the  West  Thirteenth  street  sta- 
tion; was  appointed  to  the  wagon  when  it  went  into  service;  was 
in  the  Haymarket  riot,  and  other  disturbances  of  1886,  escaping, 
however,  without  any  injur} . 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE.  137 

JAMES  HARTIGAN,  born  in  Irolaud  in  1850;  came  to  Chicago  in 
1866;  was  made  a  member  of  the  force  in  1884,  being  detailed  first 
at  Tlie  West  Twelfth  street  station,  where  he  remaind  till  the  West 
Thirteenth  street  station  was  opened  in  May,  1886,  when  he  was 
transferred,  and  made  a  member  of  the  wagon  detail,  Sejjtember  15, 
1886;  was  at  the  McCormick  and  Haymarket  riots,  through  which 
he  passed  safely;  sent  the  burglar  George  Jennings  to  the  peniten- 
tiary for  a  year,  and  has  done  other  good  work. 

JAMES  BRADY,  born  at  Holy  Cross,  Iowa,  in  1859,  and  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  1872;  was  appointed  to  the  force  in  May,  1883,  at  the  West 
Twelfth  street  station,  and  remained  there  till  transferred  to 
West  Thirteenth  street,  when  the  station  was  opened;  was  pres- 
ent with  other  members  of  the  detail  at  the  riots  of  1886,  and  has 
been  on  the  wagon  since  May  1,  1886. 

THIRD  PRECINCT. 

The  Desplaines  Street  District. — This  is  one  of  the 
most  important  districts  in  the  city.  While  it  embraces 
a  large  territory  devoted  to  maniifacturing,  it  also  takes  in 
a  large  section  of  the  disreputable  houses.  There  is  within 
it  a  large  criminal  population  demanding  the  constant  atten- 
tion of  the  officers.  The  wagon  at  this  station  does  a  great 
deal  of  running  in  the  course  of  the  year.  The  presence  of 
the  lodging  house  element  and  barrel-house  habitues  is 
always  a  menace  to  the  public  peace,  and  were  it  not  for  the 
knowledge  that  the  blue  wagon,  with  its  little  crew  of 
determined  men,  is  within  call  of  everybody,  there  is  no 
telling  what  disturbances  there  would  be.  As  it  is,  the 
detail  on  this  wagon  have  probably  been  called  on  more 
murders  than  any  other  in  the  city. 

JOHN  WHEELER,  patrolman  in  chaige,  is  probably  one  of  the  best 
known  and  most  efficient  man  in  the  service.  His  connection  with 
the  Bill  Allen  case,  referred  to  at  length  elsewhere,  in  which  he 
shot  and  killed  that  desperate  negro  murderer,  only  gave  general 
publicity  to  the  fact  that  he  was  a  nervy  and  courageous  officer.  He 
was  born  at  Wheaton,  111.,  February  8,  1851;  came  to  Chicago  in 
the  fall  of  1877,  and  October  24,  1878,  was  appointed  on  the  police 
force  and  assigned  to  the  Union  street  station;  here  he  showed 
that  he  was  a  man  to  be  depended  upon  in  a  pinch,  and  when  the 
patrol  wagon  was  put  in  service,  he  was  given  charge  of  one  of  the 


438  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

crews;  his  dttail  has  caught  most  of  the  sensational  work  of  the 
district;  when  Jim  Dacey  murdered  Alderman  Gaynor  on  Hal- 
sted  street,  it  was  Wheeler's  crew  that  responded  and  arrested  the 
murderer;  the  night  of  tlie  Ilaymarket  tragedy  the  officers  of  this 
detail  rendered  valuable  services;  they  dressed  and  bandaged  up 
the  wounds  of  half  a  score  of  men,  saving  the  lives  of  some  of 
them  by  the  prompt  application  of  surgical  appliances,  and  thirteen 
of  them  were  taken  to  the  hospital  in  this  wagon;  the  record  of  his 
crew  is  one  of  which  Officer  Wheeler  may  well  be  proud. 

DOCTOR  F.  SAYLOR,  patrolman;  born  in  Maryland,  February  12 
1847;  enlisted  in  the  regular  army  and  served  through  the  war  in 
the  Seventeenth  Infantry  under  Major  Andrews;  was  at  the  Wilder- 
ness, Cold  Harbor,  Chapin's  Farm,  and  Petersburg;  at  Weldon 
Station  was  wounded  in  the  shoulder  and  spent  six  months  in  the 
hospital,  and  six  months  more  as  nurse;  was  mustered  out  in  1865 
and  came  to  Chicago  in  the  spring  of  1871;  donned  his  star  as 
policeman  January  15, 1879,  and  put  in  his  sixty  days  at  the  West 
Chicago  avenue  station,  was  afterward  at  the  West  Lake  street 
station,  and  was  finally  sent  to  the  old  Union  street  station, 
where  he  remained  until  assigned  to  the  wagon  in  April,  1884;  was 
with  Officer  Wheeler  at  the  Dacey  arrest,  and  was  also  present 
when  the  crew  cnased  and  arrested  McLain  and  Caters  for  the 
murder  of  Sam  Booth  in  1885. 

JAMES  BYRNES,  driver;  born  in  McHenry  county.  111.,  September, 
1860,  and  took  up  his  residence  in  Chicago,  November  1,  1876; 
June  13,  1883,  was  appointed  to  the  police  force,  and  at  the 
Desplaines  street  station  put  in  all  his  time  for  two  years,  being 
assigned  to  drive  the  wagon  in  June,  1885;  while  traveling  a  beat 
he  made  a  number  of  important  arrests,  Billy  Felton  and  George 
Lamont,  colored  thieves,  George  Wilson,  alias  Walsh,  against  whom 
he  had  seventeen  charges  of  robbery  and  larceny,  George  Kelly, 
Pat.  Carroll,  John  McKenna  and  JohnMcNamee,  being  among  the 
more  noted  criminals  he  has  sent  to  the  penitentiary. 

JAMES  S.  LIBBY,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  at  Cape  Elizabeth 
Maine,  November  9, 1842;  enlisted  in  the  Sixth  Maine,which  joined 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  Hancock's  Brigade.  After  two  years  and 
a  half  in  the  army,  shipped  in  the  navy  and  put  in  two  years  with 
the  East  Gulf  Squadron  stationed  most  of  the  time  at  Key 
West;  came  to  Chicago  in  1870,  and  two  yeaj's  later  jomed  the 
police  force;  was  assigned  to  the  old  Union  street  station  which 
was  afterward  removed  to  Desplaines  street,  and  was  never 
transferred  thereafter.  January  7,  1881,  when  the  wagon  was 
placed  in  service,  was  put  in  charge  of  one  of  the  crews;  within 
a  month  afterward  he  was  thrown  out  of  the  wagon  while  responding 
to  an  alarm  and  had  his  shoulder  broken;  has  had  the  usual  expe- 


THE    PATROL    SEUVICE.  139 

Tienees  of  old  policemen  i:i  being  shot  at  and  having,'  uiiraerons  des- 
perate stru</fxles,  but  he  alwiiys  escaped  luckily. 

JOHN  HICKEY,  patrolman;  boru  in  Limerick  in  1839;  came  to  Chicago 
in  1864,  and  September  12,  1868,  was  appointed  to  the  police  force 
and  assigned  to  the  Union  street  station  with  which  he  remained 
xiutil  it  was  removed  to  Desplaiues  street,  when  ho  changed  also, 
was  assigned  to  the  wagon  with  Officer  Libby  when  it  was  first 
introduced;  served  with  Libby  through  the  riots  of  1877,  and  the 
other  minor  difficulties,  but  was  off  watch  when  the  Haymarket 
affair  occurred  and  therefore  missed  that. 

MICHAEL   HENNESSY,  patrolman,  native  of  Illinois,   was  born  at 

Rutland,  Kane  county,  Decembers,  1854;  in  November,  1869,  came 

.    to  Chicago,  and  June  18,  1883.  was  appointed  to  the  police  force, 

being  assigned  to  the  Desplaines  street  station ;  May  8,  1885,  was 

transferred  to  the  wagon  of  which  he  is  the  driver. 

West  Lake  Street  District. — A  patrol  wagon  was 
placed  in  service  in  the  West  Lake  street  district  in  Decem- 
ber, 1881.  It  covers  the  territory  lying  between  Kinzie  and 
Harrison  streets,  and  between  Hoyne  avenue  on  the  west 
and  Ann  street  and  Centre  avenue  on  the  east.  It  is  chiefly 
a  resident  district,  some  of  the  finest  homes  in  the  city 
being  within  its  precincts. 

THOMAS  GRADY,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  Ireland  on  January  1, 
1830,  and  c.ime  to  America  in  1848,  came  to  Chicago  1849,  and  in 
June,  1866,became  attached  to  the  police  force;  was  detailed  at  the 
West  Lake  street  station  where  he  has  served  continuously  ever 
since;  the  position  of  officer  in  charge  of  one  of  the  details  has 
been  filled  by  him  off  and  on  since  the  wagon  was  placed  in  service, 
has  handled  a  number  of  important  cases  in  his  time  and  is  par- 
ticularly successful  in  working  in  the  district  where  he  has  served 
so  many  years;  is  known  by  about  every  man,  woman  and  child  in 
the  precinct. 

JOHN  O.  DOWD,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1846,  January  7,  and  was 
brought  to  this  country  when  four  years  old;  in  1864  he  made  Chi- 
cago his  home,  but  it  was  not  till  June,  1883,  that  he  became  con- 
nected with  the  force;  was  then  assigned  to  the  Desplaines  street 
station  and  after  a  month  there  was  transferred  to  the  West  Lake 
street  station  where  he  has  been  ever  since;  April,  1884,  he  was 
assigned  .to  the  wagon;  saw  what  there  Avas  to  be  seen,  after  the 
first  awful  outbreak,  at  the  Haymarket. 

MARSHAL  N.  WALTON,  driver,  is  a  veteran  of  fifteen  years'  service; 


440  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

born  in  Dupac^e  county,  111.,  September  11,  1846,  came  to  Chicago 
in  1861;  in  the  spring  of  1872  became  a  member  of  the  police  force, 
being  first  assigned  to  the  temporary  station  on  Huron  street;  in 
1874,  was  transferred  to  the  Union  street  station,  and  there  he 
remained  till  January,  1881,  when  he  was  sent  to  the  Central  detail 
and  assigned  to  drive  the  single-horse  wagon  that  then  ran  out  of 
the  Rookery;  held  the  position  of  driver  on  the  Central  wagon 
until  March,  18S6,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  West  Lake 
street  station;  his  wagon  was  present  and  rendered  efficient  serv- 
ice at  the  Hay  market  riot;  smelled  powder  and  saw  blood  during 
the  riots  of  1877,  as  he  Avas  one  of  the  few  policemen  who  had  to 
fight  for  their  lives  at  the  Halsted  street  viaduct;  when  Officer 
Fitch  Taylor  went  down  under  a  bullet  from  a  rioter,  Officer 
Walton  was  by  his  side,  and  fought  his  way  out  with  the  wounded 
man;  as  a  patrolman,  he  handled  a  large  number  of  important 
oases  and  half  a  score  of  desperate  highwaymen  and  burglars  now 
serving  their  time  in  the  penitentiary  attest  the  successfulness  of 
his  labors;  the  most  widely  known  of  these  was  "Nibsy"  Wilson, 
the  old  time  burglar  who  is  doing  a  seventeen-year  stretch. 

MICHAEL  C.  SLAVIN,  patrolman ;  born  in  Nova  Scotia,  February  4, 1837; 
came  to  Chicago  in  1844,  and  was  made  a  member  of  the  force  October 
20,  1865,  being  assigned  to  the  old  Union  street  station,  which 
was  then  new;  was  there  three  years  and  then  resigned;  went  into 
the  lumber  business  for  three  years;  was  elected  constable  and 
spent  five  and  a  half  years  at  that,  and  then  was  made  an  inspector 
in  the  health  department  for  two  years;  the  next  year  was  passed 
doing  guard  duty  in  the  shops  at  the  Bridewell,  and  then  he 
returned  to  the  police  department;  was  at  Union  street  for  a  year 
and  then  was  transferred  to  the  West  Lake  street  station,  where 
he  was  assigned  to  take  charge  of  the  wagon  August  14,  1881;  was 
in  the  street-car  riots  of  1885,  and  faithfully  discharged  the  duties 
imposed  upon  him  by  the  regulations  of  the  department. 

JOSEPH  NORMAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago,  April  24,  1860;  in 
1884  was  one  of  the  three  hundred  men  added  to  the  force,  and  was 
assigned  to  the  West  Lake  street  station;  was  one  of  Lieutenant 
Stanton's  company  at  the  Haymarket,  and  had  part  of  his  left 
hand  and  his  left  heel  torn  off  by  pieces  of  the  infernal  shell ;  was 
in  the  hospital  for  a  year,  and  as  soon  as  he  recovered  was  detailed 
on  the  wagon ;  was  at  the  Eighteenth  street  disturbances  the  night 
before  the  Haymarket  affair,  and  at  the  street-car  riots. 

JOHN  T.  O'HARA,  patrolman,  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  where  he  was 
born  June  4,  1850;  came  to  Chicago  in  1865,  and  went  on  the 
police  force  January  9,  1879,  at  the  West  Chicago  avenue  station; 
in  1881  was  transferred  to  the  West  Lake  street  station  and 
detailed  as  driver  of  the  wagon;  has  shown  himself  to  be  a  per- 


THE    PATROL    SEKVICE.  441 

fectly   trustworthy   man,  and    his  superior  officers   have  reposed 
great  confideuce  iu  him. 

West  Madison  Street  District. — The  patrol  wagon  of 
this  station  covers  tlie  territory  bounded  by  Kinzie  street, 
Hoyne  avenue,  Harrison  street  and  the  city  limits.  It  has 
an  area  of  two  and  one-fourth  square  miles.  The  wagon 
was  placed  in  service  in  January  of   1881. 

LUMAN  BARKLEY,  patrolman  in  charge,  was  born  at  Dundass,  Can- 
ada, January  17, 1839;  came  to  Chicago  in  18G5;  followed  his  trade 
as  baker  at  Woodman's  bakery  for  a  number  of  years,  finally  join- 
ing the  police  department  July  18,  1873;  served  at  the  Twelfth 
street  and  Union  street  stations  till  1876,  when  he  resigned  and 
went  into  business;  in  March,  1881,  re-entered  the  force,  and  Sep- 
tember 1,  1886,  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  wagon. 

HURON  C.  SCOTT,  patrolman  and  driver,  is  a  native  of  Plymouth, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  August  1,  1845 ;  at  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war,  enlisted  from  Norwich,  N.  Y.,  in  the  Twenty-second  New 
York  Cavalry,  and  was  with  that  organization  through  all  its 
engagements— Malvern  Hill,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Cold  Harbor,  on 
Wilson's  famous  raid,  and  so  on;  came  to  Chicago  and  took  up  a 
residence  here  in  1873,  and  four  years  later  joined  the  police 
department;  while  putting  in  his  sixty  days  at  the  West  Twelfth 
street  station,  the  railroad  riots  broke  out,  and  his  first  experience 
as  a  policeman  was  very  lively;  was  transferred  to  the  West 
Madison  street  station  when  it  was  opened  iu  1881,  and  assigned 
to  the  wagon;  Maurice  Kelly,  one  of  the  most  desperate  men  who 
ever  preyed  upon  the  public,  was  arrested  by  Officer  Scott  in  1882; 
Kelly  was  a  safe-blower  and  a  thoroughly  reckless  character,  and 
when  he  saw  the  officer  approaching  him  he  made  for  his  gun,  but 
his  finger  slipped,  and  before  he  could  recover  his  grip,  Scott  had 
him  covered  and  he  was  soon  oa  the  way  to  the  station ;  several 
crooks  of  distinction  were  put  out  of  the  way,  in  the  penitentiary, 
by  Officer  Scott  while  he  was  at  the  Twelfth  street  station;  he  is 
an  animal  trainer  of  no  mean  ability,  and  his  team  ou  the  patrol 
wagon  can  do  everything  but  talk. 

NATHAN  A.  BRISCOE,  patrolman  ni  charge,  was  born  at  Kingston, 
Canada,  April  1,  1826;  came  to  Chicago  in  18.56  and  in  1863  was 
made  a  member  of  the  police  force;  was  assigned  to  the  West 
Market  Hall,  when  Captain  Turtle  was  in  charge,  and  there  were 
fourteen  patrolmen;  this  was  then  known  as  the  second  precinct 
and  the  officers  attached  to  the  station  looked  after  the  whole 
West  Side;  he  had  traveled  beat  but  a  few  months  when  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  sergeant.and  in  186.5,when  the  West  Twelfth 


442  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

street  station  was  opened,  he  was  j)laced  in  charge  of  it;  was 
afterward  shifted  to  the  West  Madison  street  and  West  Chicago 
avenue  stations,  and  held  the  rank  of  sergeant  and  lieutenant 
until  1879,  when  he  resigned  and  was  out  of  the  department  for  three 
^■ears;  went  back  on  the  force  as  a  patrolman  at  the  West  Madison 
street  station,  and  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  patrol  wagon; 
was  through  the  lumber  riots  of  1874  and  all  the  '77  railroad 
troubles;  has  had  many  narrow  escapes  in  the  years  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  force,  and  has  sent  his  share  of  men  to  the  peniten- 
tiary. 

MARTIN  CARLSON,  patrolman;  born  in  Norway,  December  14,  1835, 
and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1860;  ten  years  later  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  and  attached  to  the  Union  street 
station,  where  he  remained  for  three  years,  when  he  resigned ;  in  1877 
re-entered  the  department  and  served  two  years  at  the  West  Chi- 
cago avenue  station  when  he  again  resigned;  in  18S2  returned  to 
the  department,  this  time  being  assigned  to  tha  West  Madison 
street  station  which  had  been  opened  but  a  short  time,  and  in 
June  of  that  year  was  assigned  to  the  wagon;  was  in  the  McCor- 
mick  and  Eighteenth  street  riots  but  escaped  injury. 

MICHAEL  J.  HORAN,  patrolman  and  driver,  one  of  the  men  who 
suffered  from  the  bomb  of  the  anarchists  at  the  Haymarket  horror; 
was  born  in  Buffalo,  January  24,  1849;  came  to  Chicago  when 
two  years  old;  in  1882  was  made  a  member  of  the  force  and 
assigned  to  the  Lake  street  station;  the  night  of  the  Haymarket 
riot  was  detailed  under  Lieutenant  Stanton  for  special  duty,  and 
was  in  the  fourth  company  that  marched  to  where  the  speeches 
were  being  made;  when  the  bomb  exploded  he  fell  wounded  in 
four  places,  the  most  severe  injuries  being  in  the  right  knee,  left 
arm  and  wrist;  was  laid  up  for  nearly  a  year  and  will  never  fully 
recover  the  use  of  his  leg;  in  January  of  1887  was  so  far  recovered 
as  to  be  able  to  drive  a  team,  and  was  assigned  to  the  wagon  at 
this  station;  bears  the  reputation  of  a  careful  and  conscientious 
ofiBcer. 

FOURTH    PRECINCT. 

West  Chicago  Avenue  District. — June  >7,  1883,  the 
patrol  wagon  at  the  West  Chicago  avenue  station  was 
placed  in  service.  It  responds  to  alarms  within  the  dis- 
trict bounded  on  the  north  by  Augusta  street,  south  by 
Kinzie  street,  east  by  the  river  and  west  by  the  city 
limits.  It  embraces  an  area  of  about  three-fourths  of  a 
square  mile. 


THE    TATKOL    «EEVICE.  443 

JEREMIAH  D.  DONAHUE,  patrolman  in  charge;  boru  in  Ireland, 
April  '22,  1857;  came  to  Chicago  in  tlie  summer  of  1873;  in  June, 
1880,  was  made  a  member  of  the  police  force,  assigned  first  to  the 
Hiuman  street  station,  ho  served  there  and  at  the  North  avenue 
station,  being  transferred  to  tho  West  Chicago  avenue  station  in 
August,  1887;  in  1885.  early  in  January,  arrested  John  Schultz, 
alias  Wagner,  a  desperate  burglar,  and  sent  him  to  Joliet  for  five 
years;  Johnson  and  Eddie  Harper,  notorious  criminals,  are  also 
serving  terms  in  the  penitentiary  through  the  good  efforts  of  this 
officer. 

EOAliD  LUND,  patrolman;  born  in  Norway,  August  29,  1845;  came  to 
Chicago  early  in  1866,  and  followed  his  trade  till  1873,  when  he 
was  appointed  to  the  force  and  detailed  at  the  West  Chicago 
avenue  station,  afterward  served  a  short  time  at  Rawson  street 
station,  but  when  the  West  Chicago  avenue  wagon  was  put  into 
service,  was  detailed  upon  it;  was  actively  engaged  during  the 
riots  of  1877,  and  at  the  Haymarket  the  detail  with  which  he  is 
associated  did  excellent  service  in  removing  and  caring  for  the 
wounded. 

MICHAEL  CONNELLY,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  Ireland,  July 
19,  1857;  came  to  Chicago  in  1873,  and  in  1881,  early  in  April,  was 
appointed  to  the  force  and  detailed  at  the  West  Twelfth  street 
station  where  he  served  till  1883,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the 
West  Chicago  avenue  station  and  assigned  to  the  wagon;  during 
the  McCormick  riots  was  at  the  scene  of  the  difficulty,  and  went 
through  a  great  many  lively  experiences;  has  had  a  number  of 
important  police  cases  during  his  connection  with  the  department. 

WILLIAM  LAVE,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago,  December  19,  1859; 
November  15,  1884,  was  appointed  to  the  police  force,  and  assigned 
to  the  Chicago  avenue  station,  where  he  has  served  all  his  time; 
was  detailed  on  the  wagon  in  November,  1885;  was  present  at 
McCormick's  and  the  wagon  with  which  he  is  connected  is  the 
one  that  participated  in  the  rescue  of  Officer  Casey  from  a  mob 
of  howling  anarchists. 

THOMAS  F.  MAKER,  patrolman  and  driver;  born  in  Ireland,  February 
13,  1860;  came  to  Chicago  in  1879;  in  December.  1884,  was  appointed 
to  the  police  force  and  assigned  to  the  "West  Tv,"elfth  street 
station,  afterward  served  at  the  Hinman  and  Canalport  avenue 
stations,  driving  the  wagon  at  the  latter  place  till  transferred  to 
the  West  Chicago  avenue  station  and  detailed  on  the  wagon 
there;  was  in  the  McCormick  riots. 

CHARLES  H.  ROCHE,  patrolman  and  driver;  born  in  Dupage  county, 
111.,  July  25,  1861;  May,  1882,  was  made  a  member  of  the  police 
force,  being  detailed  at  the  Desplaines  street  station;  in  Septem- 


44-4  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

ber,  1883,  was  transferred  to  the  West  North  avenue  station, 
where  he  served  for  a  year  and  then  was  sent  to  the  West  Chicago 
avenue  station,  where  he  was  made  driver  of  the  wagon. 

West  North  Avenue  District. — August  21,  1883, 
the  West  North  avenue  district  was  established,  and  a 
wagon  put  in  service  there.  The  boundaries  were  fixed  at 
Armitage  road,  Ashland  avenue,  Augusta  street,  and  the 
city  limits.  There  are  something  like  two  square  miles 
covered  by  the  lines  of  the  patrol  system. 

GEORGE  W.  H.  ROYCROFT,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  Cork, 
Ireland,  March  13,  1847;  came  to  Chicago,  1866,  where  he  followed 
his  trade  as  a  tanner  until  August  12, 1873,  when  he  was  appointed 
to  the  poUce  force  and  assigned  to  the  Rawson  street  station; 
after  four  years'  service  left  the  department  to  try  farming  in  New 
York  and  Texas,  and  after  the  grasshoppers  had  eaten  him  out  of 
house  and  home  in  Texas,  returned  to  Chicago,  and  in  June,  1880, 
went  back  to  his  beat  in  the  Rawson  street  district;  served  there 
and  at  the  West  Lake  street  station  and  on  the  Central  detail; 
was  detailed  at  the  West  North  avenue  station,  and  placed  in 
charge  of  the  wagon  there  when  it  went  into  service;  he  took  part 
in  the  riots  of  1877,  and  it  was  his  wagon  that  took  from  the 
station  to  his  home  the  body  of  Officer  Mathias  Degan,  the  first 
of  the  Haymarket  victiras;  other  officers  wounded  on  that  memor- 
able uight  were  aided  by  the  crew  of  the  wagon  in  charge  of  this 
cool-headed  officer. 

ELEF  DANIELSON,  patrolman,  born  in  Norway,  August  22,  1834, 
and  in  1861  came  to  the  United  States;  followed  the  sea  for  a 
number  of  years,  but  finally  came  to  Chicago  where,  in  1873,  he 
became  a  member  of  the  police  force,  putting  in  his  sixty  days  at 
the  old  station  at  the  corner  of  Madison  and  Union  streets;  saw 
the  thick  of  the  fight  during  the  railroad  riots  of  '77. 

MICHAEL  BURNS,  driver;  born  in  Ireland  in  1860,  and  came  to  this 
country  when  he  was  six  years  old;  June,  1883,  was  appointed  on 
the  police  force  and  assigned  to  the  Desplaines  street  station; 
served  here  but  thirty  days  being  transferred  at  the  end  of  that 
time  to  the  West  North  avenue  station,  where  he  was  made  driver 
of  the  patrol;  has  established  a  reputation  as  a  skillful  handler  of 
the  ribbons  in  fast  driving. 

JOHN  HANRAHAN;  born  in  Ireland  September  30,  1834;  came  to 
Chicago  in  April,  1851;  was  appointed  to  the  force  in  October 
1870,  serving  first  at  the  Union  street  station,  and  later  going  to 
the  West  Chicago  avenue  station,  from  which  he  was  transferred 


THE    PATROL    SERVICE.  445 

to  the  West  North  avenue  station,  and  assigned  to  the  wa^'ou, 
September  1,  1887;  took  an  active  part  in  the  suppression  of  the 
riots  of  1877  and  the  anarchist  troubles  of  1886,  and  was  ouce 
wounded  in  discharge  of  his  duty;  was  shot  through  the  wrist  by 
a  thief  in  1881,  but  soon  recovered  from  the  effects;  is  a  careful 
officer  who  enjoys  the  full  confidence  of  his  superiors. 

JOHN  C.  GUNDERSON  is  one  of  the  men  who  have  passed  a  decade 
or  more  in  the  service  of  the  city;  was  born  in  Norway,  March 
15,  1845,  and  came  to  Chicago  when  he  was  but  three  years  of 
age;  in  1876  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  and  sent  to  the  Union 
street  station,  from  which  he  was  transferred  to  the  "West  Chicago 
avenue  station  in  1881,  and  when  the  West  North  avenue  station 
was  opened  was  sent  there,  being  detailed  on  the  wagon  in  June, 
1883  ;  he  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot  after  the  bomb  had  been 
thrown;  as  a  patrolman  he  has  made  an  excellent  record. 

JOHN  R.  LOOBY,  was  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  July  14,  1842,  and 
came  to  Chicago  in  the  spring  before  the  fire;  July  11, 1882,  he  was 
appointed  to  the  force,  being  sent  first  to  the  West  Chicago  avenue 
station,  and  remained  there  till  September,  1883,  when  he  was 
transferred  to  the  West  North  avenue  station,  and  assigned  to 
the  wagon  of  which  he  is  the  driver. 

Rawson  Street  District. — The  Rawson  street  district 

embraces  an  area  of  one  and  a  quarter  square  miles,  and  is 

in  what  is  known  as  the  "  rolling-mill  district"  of  the  city — 

the  extreme  northern  portion  west  of  the  river,  extending  to 

the  west    as   far  as  the    city  limits.      Much  of    the  work, 

owing  to  the  poor  roads  in  the  district,  is  of  the  heaviest 

character,  and  the  stock  in  this  district  has  harder  work  than 

in  any  other  part  of  the  city. 

MATTHEW  FOLEY,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  Ireland  in  1843; 
came  to  Chicago  in  1866,  where  he  followed  his  trade  till  August, 
18,  1875,  when  he  was  made  a  member  of  the  police  force;  his 
arrest  of  George  Anderson  for  murderous  assault  April  12,  1885, 
was  followed  by  the  conviction  of  the  prisoner  and  a  sentence  of 
three  years  in  the  penitentiary. 

MAX  HEIDELMEIER,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  Bavaria  August 
22,  1845;  came  to  America  in  1867,  and  in  1869  to  Chicago,  where 
ke  followed  his  trade  of  tinner  until  March  27,  1874,  when  he  was 
appointed  on  the  force,  being  sent  to  the  East  Chicago  avenue 
station  under  Captain  Gund;  was  there  four  years,  at  Larrabee 
street  station  a  little  over  three,  then  at  the  Harrison  street 
station  nearly  three  years,  serving  about  a  year  on  the  wagon 
there;  back  to  Larrabee  street  in  1883,  where  he  was  on  the  wagon 


44G  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

for  a  time;  then  to  the  Central  detail,  where  he  was  put  on  a 
crossing  for  a  few  mouths,  and  finally,  when  the  Rawsoii  stroet 
wagon  was  put  into  service,  was  detailed  there,  and  has  h:en  thei( 
ever  since;  the  most  important  case  he  has  been  conuected  with 
was  the  poisoning  exploit  of  Lorenzo  Krug.  [Krug  rairried  one 
of  Officer  Heidelmeier's  sisters,  and  a  niece  named  L.;  y  Heidel- 
meier  lived  with  them;  Krug  had  them  both  insured  in  tho  mutual 
benefit  organization  known  as  the  Knights  and  Ladies  of  Honor, 
and  when  Mrs.  Krug  died,  after  a  somewhat  lingeriug  illness, 
collected  the  money.  A  little  later  Lucy  Heidelmeier  was  taken 
mysteriously  ill,  and  she,  too,  died.  Then  Officer  HeideJmeier 
suspected  poison;  a  post  mortem  and  subsequent  chemical  analysis 
showed  tnat  both  the  women  died  from  the  effects  of  arsenic. 
The  case  caused  a  good  deal  of  sensation  at  the  time  of  Krug's 
arrest,  and  Officer  Heidelmeier  deserves  considerable  credit  for 
the  manner  in  which  he  pushed  the  prosecution  of  the  case,  Krug 
getting  an  eighteen  years'  sentence  in  the  penitentiary.] 

SIMON  KLIDZAS,  patrolman;  was  born  in  Poland  twenty-nine  years 
ago;  came  to  Chicago  in  1881,  and  December  15,  1884,  joined  the 
police  force;  as  there  are  large  Polish  settlements  in  the  Rawson 
street  district.  Officer  Klidzas'  services  are  almost  absolutely 
necessary  to  the  successful  handling  of  cases  there. 

WILLIAM  LOHMEYER,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  in  1842;  came 
to  Chicago  in  1863,  and  after  a  residence  of  twelve  years  here 
became  a  member  of  the  force;  since  1875  has  been  in  continuous 
service,  and  has  acquitted  himself  with  credit  on  many  occasions. 

JULIUS  L.  SIMOXSEN,  patrolman,  born  in  Denmark  twenty-nine 
years  ago;  came  to  Chicago  when  only  ten  years  of  age,  and 
December  15, 1884,  obtained  an  appointment  to  the  police  depart- 
meut;  has  made  something  of  a  record  for  himself  as  a  careful  and 
successful  officer;  his  capture  of  Tom  Honors  and  Mike  Reilly 
about  a  month  after  he  came  on  the  force,  and  the  successful 
prosecution  of  those  desperate  highwayman,  sending  them  down 
for  four  and  five  years  respectively,  was  a  plucky  and  clever  piece 
of  work;  has  had  a  number  of  other  cases  of  a  similar  character, 
and  equally  important. 

JOHN  BOYD,  patrolman  and  driver,  is  a  shrewd  and  experienced 
policeman ;  he  is  a  "Troy  boy,"  having  been  born  in  that  well-known 
New  Y'^ork  town  forty  years  ago;  has  been  a  resident  of  this  city 
since  1865,  and  a  member  of  the  force  since  1881;  served  first  at 
the  West  Lake  street  station,  and  was  later  transferred  to  the 
Rawson  street  station,  where  he  has  made  an  excellent  record  as 
a  driver  and  an  officer;  in  1883,  December  5,  arrested  a  pair  of 
desperate  burglars,  Burke  and  Santry,  and  got  each  of  them  a 
three-years'  stretch  in  the  penitentiary. 


THE    TATllOL    HEUVICE.  447 

FIFTH  PRECINCT. 

East  Chicago  Avenue  Distiuct. — The  wagon  and  crew 
at  the  East  Chicago  avenue  station  were  put  into  service  in 
April,  1883.  Tlie  wagon  responds  to  calls  within  the  dis- 
trict bounded  on  the  north  by  Division  street,  south  by  the 
Chicago  river,  east  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  west  by  the  north 
branch  of  the  Chicago  river.  The  district  contains  one  and 
one-fourth  square  miles. 

JAMES  D.  COOK,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.  Novem- 
ber 20,  1839;  when  the  war  broke  out  he  was  one  of  the  first  to 
enhst,  choosing  the  naval  branch  of  the  service;  shipped  on  the 
Ottawa  under  Admiral  Dupont,  and  on  the  Ottawa  and  the  Nor- 
wich served  his  country  from  '61  to  '66  in  the  South  Atlantic 
blockading  squadron;  at  the  close  of  the  war  came  West,  and 
March  9,  1867,  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  and  assigned  to 
the  old  Huron  street  station  under  Captain  Wells  Sherman; 
after  the  great  fire  was  transferred  to  the  Webster  avenue 
station;  later  to  the  temporary  station  on  Dearborn  avenue  near 
Superior,  and  when  Washburn  took  hold  of  the  department,  was 
made  a  sergeant  at  Larrabee  street;  was  in  charge  of  a  squad  of 
men  sent  to  relieve  the  little  band  of  officers  fighting  for  their 
lives  at  the  Halsted  street  viaduct  in  the  railroad  riots  of  1877,  and 
rendered  excellent  service;  afterward  served  a  short  time  on  the 
Central  detail,  and  in  April,  1883,  was  detailed  on  the  wagon  where 
he  is  now  serving. 

CHARLES  A.  STRAIL,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
June  21,  1843;  his  family  first  came  to  Chicago,  in  1852,  but  after 
remaining  for  a  short  time  returned  to  Syracuse,  where  they 
remained  till  1871,  after  the  great  fire,  when  he  came  here  again ; 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  police  force  in  1882,  and  assigned 
to  the  East  Chicago  avenue  station;  February  of  1884,  was  given 
charge  of  the  detail  in  his  present  position  where  he  has  dis- 
charged his  duties  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  superiors;  his  wagon 
loaded  to  the  guards  with  officers  was  one  of  the  first  to  dash  in 
at  the  Haymarket  after  that  memorable  riot. 

DAVID  E.  LITTLE,  patrolman;  born  in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  December  25, 
1842;  he  came  to  Chicago  just  before  the  war  and  when  trouble 
broke  out  enlisted  in  Company  E  95th  Illinois  Infantry;  took 
part  in  nearly  all  of  the  battles  of  his  regiment;  was  at  the  Siege 
of  Vicksburg,  and  in  the  Red  River  Expedition ;  was  mustered  out 
in  August,  1865,  as  well  as  when  he  went  in,  except  that  he  left  a 
finger  at  Vicksburg;  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  April  13, 
1874,  and  sent  to  the  East  Chicago  avenue  station  under  Captain 

35 


448  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

Gund:  with  the  exception  of  one  year  at  the  Tjarrabeo  street,  has 
been  all  the  time  at  this  station  and  has  been  on  the  wagon  since 
it  went  into  service  April  23,  1883;  went  through  the  riots  of  1877 
and  the  Haymarket  without  injury. 

WILLIAM  GRIFFIN,  driver,  is  reckoned  one  of  the  best  in  the  depart- 
ment; since  April,  1883,  when  he  was  detailed  for  the  work,  he  has 
never  had  the  slightest  accident  to  his  apparatus  or  stock;  was 
born  at  Cold  Spring,  Wis.,  November  15,  1855,  joined  the  force 
May  8,  1882,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Chicago  avenue  station 
where  he  has  remained. 

PETER  SCHAUS,  patrolman,  born  in  Luxemburg  thirty-five  years 
ago.  He  came  to  this  country  when  17  years  of  age  and  Decem- 
ber 15,  1884,  was  sworn  into  the  police  force,  being  assigned  to 
the  East  Chicago  avenue  station  from  which  he  has  not  been 
moved. 

WILLIAM  W.  GUDMORE,  patrolman  and  driver,  born  in  Chicago  in 
October,  1868;  in  188-4,  he  became  a  member  of  the  police  depart- 
ment, detailed  at  the  East  Chicago  avenue  station,  and  was 
assigned  to  the  wagon  in  May,  1888. 

Larrabee  Street  District, — At  the  Larrabee  street 
station  the  patrol  system  was  introduced  early  in  1883,  and 
covers  two  districts,  takiug  in  calls  from  boxes  in  both 
the  Larrabee  and  Webster  avenue  stations.  The  force 
therefor  covers  that  part  of  the  North  Division  bounded  on 
the  south  by  Division  street,  on  the  north  by  the  city  limits, 
on  the  east  by  the  lake,  and  on  the  west  by  the  river. 

NATHAN  J.  YOUNG,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  at  Portland,  Me., 
August  10, 1839;  came  west  while  a  lad  and  at  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war,  enlisted  in  the  first  Illinois  Light  Artillery,  going  to  the 
front  and  making  a  record  for  himself  as  a  member  of  Taylor's 
famous  battery;  was  honorably  discharged  in  1864,  and  August  19 
1869,  became  a  member  of  the  police  force,  being  first  assigned  to 
the  old  Huron  street  station,  then  after  the  fire  to  the  Dearborn 
avenue  station,  and  when  the  Chicago  avenue  station  was  built 
went  there;  in  1879,  was  transferred  to  the  Larrabee  street  station 
and  when  the  patrol  system  was  introduced  took  charge  of  one  of 
the  details;  went  through  the  riots  of  1877,  and  every  other  dis- 
turbance of  any  importance  except  the  Haymarket,  which  he 
missed  by  a  few  minutes. 

BERNARD  DEMOLING,  patrolman;  born  at  Waxweiler,  Germany, 
November  2,  1842;  came  to  this  country  in  1864,  and  eleven  years 
later  -August  19,  1875,  joined  the  police  department;  was  assigned 


THE    I'ATUOL    SEBVIOE.  449 

to  the  Larrabee  street  station;  was  transferred  to  Chicago  avenue 
where  he  served  seven  years,  and  in  May,  1883,  was  detailed  on 
the  wagon  at  Larrabee  street;  saw  some  desperate  fighting  during 
the  riots  of  '77,  and  took  part  in  a  good  many  scrimages,  but 
escaped  unharmed. 

THEODORE  DUDDLES,  driver;  born  in  Lincolnshire,  England,  Feb- 
ruary 27,  1850;  when  two  years  of  age  came  to  this  country,  and  as 
he  grew  np  he  learned  the  trade  of  mason  which  he  followed  till 
June,  1883,  when  he  secured  an  appointment  to  the  force;  was 
assigned  to  the. East  Chicago  avenue  station  where  he  traveled  a 
beat  until  August  of  the  same  year  and  then  was  transferred  to 
the  position  he  now  fills. 

JOHN  K.  SOLLER,  patrolman  in  charge;  born  in  Erie  County,  N.  Y., 
February  IG,  1853;  coming  to  Chicago  in  the  spring  of  1861,  he 
went  to  school  here  and  followed  a  trade  till  1876,  when  he  was 
made  a  member  of  the  police  force;  that  year  he  was  caught  in  the 
center  of  a  small  tornado,  and  with  a  section  of  wooden  sidewalk 
was  lifted  into  the  air  and  thrown  nearly  a  hundred  feet;  lockjaw 
ensued  and  it  was  several  months  before  he  was  able  to  be  out; 
when  he  recovered  he  did  not  go  back  on  the  force,  but  in  1883> 
Januury  6,  was  sworn  in  again,  and  Febriiary  17,  1884,  was 
assigned  to  the  Larrabee  street  wagon;  the  detail  with  which  he 
is  connected  was  kept  busy  the  night  of  the  Haymarket  looking 
after  the  wounded. 

OTTO  SCHIFTER,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago,  February  6,  1850. 
October  1,  1881,  was  appointed  to  the  police  force,  and  February 
17, 1884,  was  assigned  to  the  wagon  at  Larrabee  street;  at  the 
Haymarket  had  charge  of  26  men  of  the  reserve  that  was  summoned 
after  the  bomb  had  been  thrown  and  was  detailed  to  keep  the 
intersection  of  Randolph  and  Desplaines  streets  clear;  in  the  dis- 
charge of  this  duty  he  saw  some  lively  times,  but  was  able  to  bring 
himself  and  his  men  out  without  injury. 

Upon  the  bright  young  men  who  manipulate  the  various 

pieces  of  electrical  apparatus  at  the  stations,  much  of  the 

success  of  the  system  depends.     The  veteran  of  the  force 

of  police  telephone  operators  is  Eugene  Fitzpatrick,  of  the 

Central  station,  who  was  the  first  operator  employed,  and 

who  received  the  first  alarm  over  the  first  circuit  built  in 

the  "West  Twelfth  street  district.     Following  is  a  complete 

list  of  the  operators,  including  the  linemen  and  repairers : 

Central  Station  -  Eugene  J.  Fitzpatrick,  Edward  Gleason,  C.  W.  Thomas. 
Harrison  Street  Station — Thomas  Joyce,  Mich.  K.  Mahoney,  George 
Oakey. 


450 


THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


Twenty-second  Street  Station— William  Sheridan,  Patrick  Davenport. 

(,'ottage  Grove  Avenue  Station — J.  J.  Amsteiu. 

Thirty-fifth  Street  Station— William  Sheridan,  AVm.  Flanagan. 

Stanton  Avenue  Station — W.  P.  O'Meara,  John  N.  Talbot. 

Desplaines  Street  Station — Frank   O.   Byrne,  AVm.   Clare,   Joseph    E. 

Dargan. 
West  Twelfth  Street  Station— Phelim  Deavitt,   Fred  C.  Hahn,  Archie 

Shannon. 
Canalport  Avenue  Station— Michael  Callahan,  John  Lardner. 
West  Thirteenth  Street  Station  — Eugene  Carroll,  Chas.  Ludington. 
Deering  Street  Station — M.  J.  Dunne,  Joseph  H.  Tirado. 
Hinman  Street  Station — Daniel  Curran,  John  Barrett. 
West  Madison  Street  Station— J.  T.  Troy,  Frank  D.  Crosby. 
AVestLake  Street  Station — Alexander  B.  Cameron,  E.  A.  Brown. 
West  Chicago  Avenue  Station— John  Lynch,  Wm.  Haag,  Chas.  Boettger. 
West  North  Avenue  Station— Edward  Kelly,  John  Quinn. 
East  Chicago  Avenue  Station— Jacob  Baer,  D.  B.  Hart,  John  McFighne. 
Webster  Avenue  Station — Hans  Boecklin,  E.  N.  Dickson. 
Rawson  Street  Station — Adolphe  Doroche,  Charles  Schilip. 
Larrabee  Street  Station— Frank  Rosa,  Usher  L.  Wilkinson. 
Repairers — Burton  E.  Thompson,  William  E.  Foltz,  Wm.   J.  Cronin, 

James  P.  Crowley,  Edward  Carroll. 
Batteryman — Edward  J.  Barrett. 

rollowing  are  the  signal  service  stations,  showing  num- 
ber of  men  and  horses  employed,  according  to  Veterinary- 
Surgeon  Leamy's  last  report: 


STATIONS. 


Central 

Harrison 

Twenty-second  Street 

Cottage  Grove  Avenue.. 

Stanton    Avenue 

Thirty.fi  fth   Street 

West  Twelfth  Street.... 
West  Thirteenth  Street. 

Hinman    Street 

Canalport  Avenue 

Deering  Street 

Desplaines  Street 

West  Lake  Street 

West  Madison  Street 

West  Chicago  Avenue... 

West  North  Avenxie 

Rawson  Street 

East  Chicago  Av<>nue... 
Larrabee  Street 


Total... 114 


No.  of 

No.  of 

Men. 

Horeea. 

6 

4 

6 

9 

6 

4 

G 

4 

6 

4 

6 

5 

6 

4 

G 

4 

6 

4 

G 

3 

G 

3 

6 

o 

G 

4 

G 

3 

6 

4 

G 

3 

6 

3 

6 

8 

G 

4 

86 


HEADQUARTEIIS  AND  CENTRAL  DETAIL.        451 


CHAPTER    XXIII. 

THE  POLICE  DEPARTMENT  IN  THE  AUTUMN  OF  1887— COMPOSITION  OF  THE 
FORCE  — ITS  OFFICERS— THE  MAYOR,  THE  SUPERINTENDENT  AND 
HEADQUARTERS  STAFF— THE  INSPECTOR  AND  HIS  ASSISTANTS— CAPT. 
HUBBARD  AND  HIS  LIEUTEXANTS-THE  "LAKE  STREET  SQUAD"  — 
ROSTER  OF  THE  DAY  FORCE— SOME  SPLENDID  RECORDS-BIOGRAPH- 
ICAL SKETCHES  OF  THE   MEN. 

The  police  department  of  the  city  of  Chicago,  in  tlie 
autumn  of  1887,  was  constituted  as  follows:  One  oeueral 
superintendent,  one  inspector  and  secretary;  six  captains, 
26  lieutenants,  41  sergeants,  1,167  patrolmen;  the  total  force 
mustering  1,242  men.  Every  man  connected  with  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  force,  from  superintendent  down  to  desk 
sergeant,  has  risen  from  the  rank  of  patrolman.  There 
have  been  no  appointments  to  high  positions  in  the  depart- 
ment from  the  outside  since  Colvin's  administration.  Ex- 
periments of  that  kind,  whenever  attempted,  have  proved 
dismal  failures.  It  has  now  become  an  unwritten  law  that 
by  promotion  alone,  and  slow  promotion,  too,  can  any  man, 
no  matter  how  ambitious  he  may  be  to  govern,  hope  to 
reach  executive  positions  in  the  Chicago  police  force.  The 
young  man  who  feels  that  he  might  win  distinction  or  rank 
as  a  Chicago  police  officer,  must  begin  at  the  bottom  round 
of  the  ladder,  and  by  his  own  exertions  alone,  can  he  hope 
to  ascend.  Before  stepping  on  the  round  it  is  essential  to 
file  the  following  application  and  affidavit.  To  simplify  the 
matter  we  will  fill  it  out  with  fictitious  names,  addresses,  etc., 
in  italics: 

I  Hereby  Make  Application  for  Appointment,  and  do  declare 
upon  my  oath,  that  the  statements  by  me  subscribed  herein  are  each  and 
every  one  of  them  true,  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief.  I  re- 
side at  No.  1191  Madison  street,  in  the  city  of  Chicago.  I  was  bom  on 
the  10th  day  of  the  month  of  September,  A.  D.  1850,  and  am  between 
37  and  US  years  of  age.     My  occupation  is  that  of  carpenter.     I  have 


452  THE     CHICAGO    POLICE. 

been  employed  duriuy  the  past  five  years  as  follows:  With  Johnson, 
Thompson  &  Co.,  builders,  n  Washburne  avenue,  two  years;  ivitJi 
Jones,  Brown  &  Co.,  38  Parker  street,  two  years  and  a  half,  and  have 
been  engaged  in  business  for  myself  during  the  past  six  months  at 
976  McPherson  street.  I  am  temperate  in  my  habits  and  have  no  illness 
or  disease  which  will  shorten  my  life;  am  now  in  good  health.  In  the 
event  of  my  appointment  as  a  regular  member  of  the  department,  I  agree 
to  become  a  member  of  the  Benevolent  Association,  and  the  Police  and 
Firemen's  Relief  Fnnd  Association,  and  to  make  punctual  payments  of 
fill  dues  and  assessments  for  which  I  may  become  liable.  I  do  not  owe 
to  exceed  the  sum  of  one  hundred  dollars  (.SIOO.OO). 

Joint  P.  Smith. 

The  applicant  must  then  -answer  the  following  questions : 

What  is  your  full  name ?  Where  were  you  born  ?  [If  foreign-born,  the 
following,  which  are  omitted  if  native-born :  In  what  year  did  \o\\  ar- 
rive in  the  United  States?  At  what  age  did  you  arrive  in  the  United 
States?  Are  you  naturalized?  Where  did  you  declare  your  intention  to 
become  a  citizen?  In  what  year  did  you  make  such  declaration?  When 
did  you  receive  final  papers  of  naturalizi  .tion  ?  In  what  year  did  you  re- 
ceive sxich  final  papers?]  How  long  have  you  resided  in  Chicago  next 
preceding  this  date?  Have  you  ever  been  convicted  of  any  crime?  Can 
\ou  read  and  write  the  English  language  understandingly  ?  Are  you 
married?  What  family  have  you?  Have  you  ever  been  a  member  of  any 
police  or  fire  department,  and  if  so,  when?  If  you  answer  yes  to  the 
last  question,  state  the  cause  of  your  leaving  such  force.  Have  you  ever 
paid  or  promised  to  pay,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  through  yourself  or 
any  other  person,  any  money  or  other  valuable  thing  to  receive  the  ap- 
pointment which  you  now  seek? 

The  applicant  must  then  undergo  a  surgical  examination, 
similar  to  that  which  is  imposed  by  life  assurance  compa- 
nies. His  heijjht  must  not  be  less  than  five  feet  eicfht 
inches,  and  his  weight  and  circumference  of  chest  must  not 
be  below  that  marked  as  the  minimum  accompaniment  of 
height  in  the  following  table: 


MINIMUM   WEIGHT. 


5  feet  8  inches -  140  pounds. 

5  feet  9  inches 145  pounds . 

5  feet  10  inches. -150  pounds. 

5  feet  11  inches 1 55  pounds . 

6  feet inO  pounds. 

6  feet  1  inch ^Ch^   pounds. 

6  feet  2  inches 170  ))ouuds. 

fi  feet  3  inches 175  pounds. 

0  feet  4  inches 180  pounds. 


CIKCUMFERENCE  OP 

CHEST.  (QUIESCEXT). 


34  inches  ... 
341^  inches. 

35  inches... 

36  inches... 
36 1^  inches. 
371.2  inches. 

38  inches... 

39  inches 

40  inches.. - 


HEADQUARTERS  AND  CENTRAL  DETAIL.        453 

If  the  applicant  is  accepted  he  is  given  preliminary  in- 
structions in  the  inspectors  office,  placed  in  charge  of  Offi- 
cer L.  J.  Van  Pelt,  Inspector  Bonfield's  clerk,  informed 
regarding  his  uniform,  provided  with  department  cloth  for 
the  making  of  the  same,  is  instructed  in  the  rules,  and  for 
sixty  days  after  entering  the  force  is  compelled  to  serve  an 
apprenticeship  at  one  of  the  stations,  in  which  time  it  is  ex- 
pected that  he  will  have  developed  into  a  full-fledged  police- 
man. During  this  apprenticeship  he  is  usuatly  accompanied 
by  an  old  and  experienced  officer,  who  "breaks  him  in." 
After  the  sixty  days  have  passed  he  is  either  transferred  at 
once  or  remains  at  the  station  of  first  assifjnment  for  regular 
duty.  It  is  customary  in  the  department,  however,  to  the 
end  that  the  men  shall  become  acquainted  with  all  localities, 
and  with  all  classes,  that  they  shall  be  frequently  trans- 
ferred during  the  first  four  years  of  their  service.  If  the  offi- 
cer proves  to  be  a  man  of  education,  tact,  skill,  discretion 
and  bravery,  promotion  is  sure  to  come,  although,  as  before 
stated,  it  is  slow,  and  every  inch  of  progress  must  be  gained 
by  untiring  energy.  Honesty,  sobriety,  obedience  are  the 
three  cardinal  virtues  of  the  policeman.  With  these,  if  he 
be  a  man  gifted  with  a  fair  share  of  brains,  education  and 
nerve,  he  may  rise  steadily.  Without  them  all  other  qual- 
ifications count  as  naught.  The  present  force  is  one  of  the 
best  Chicago  has  ever  had.  Strict  discipline  has  been  main- 
tained for  at  least  six  years,  and  nearly  all  the  rotten  tim- 
ber has  been  thrown  out.  In  such  a  large  body  of  men  it  is 
not  possible  that  all  should  prove  trusty  and  efficient.  Dis- 
honest characters,  drones  and  unreliable  men  find  their  way 
into  the  ranks  in  spite  of  every  precaution,  but  they  are 
quickly  discovered  and  stripped  of  their  uniforms. 

For  a  number  of  years  the  question  of  dealing  with 
female  prisoners  at  the  several  police  stations  had  attracted 
considerable  attention,  and  caused  a  great  amount  of  dis- 
cussion, and  the  impropriety  of  having  them  placed  in  charge 
of  men  was.  on  several  occasions,  brought  prominently  be- 


454  THE     CHICAGO    POLICE. 

fore  the  public,  when,  at  length,  April  30,  1885,  Superin- 
tendent Doyle  issued  the  following — an  order  which  has 
been  rigidly  enforced  ever  since  by  his  successor: 

1.  Provision  having  been  made  in  the  appropriation  ordinance  of 
the  current  year  for  ten  matrons  for  police  stations,  two  of  such  matrons 
will  be  assigned  to  each  of  the  five  precinct  stations,  to- wit:  The  Harrison 
street,  West  Twelfth  street,  Desplaines  street.  West  Chicago  avenue  and 
Chicago  avenue  stations.  One  matron  shall  remain  on  day  and  one  on 
night  duty  alternately  at  each  of  the  stations  mentioned,  relieving  each 
other  at  designated  hours,  so  that  one  at  all  times  shall  be  present  at  the 
station. 

2.  Hereafter  all  females  arrested  by  members  of  the  force  for  any 
offense  whatever,  shall,  if  bail  is  not  at  once  furnished,  immediately 
be  brought  to  and  booked  at  the  principal  station  in  the  precinct  where 
arrested,  and  under  no  circumstances  shall  any  female  be  held  for  any 
length  of  time  at  any  sub-station  or  elsewhere  in  custody  of  the  depart- 
ment except  at  the  places  designated  in  section  1  of  this  order. 

This  was  hailed  as  a  genuine  reform,  and  gave  very  wide 
satisfaction.  At  best  the  management  of  female  prisoners 
is  a  very  delicate  matter,  and  though  no  charges  reflecting 
upon  the  morality  of  the  force  in  this  particular  were  ever 
sustained,  the  officers  in  attendance  were  always  liable  to 
gross  calumny  and  the  vilest  species  of  blackmail.  The 
matron  system  has  removed  all  possibility  of  scandal  from 
the  stations.  The  women  selected  as  matrons  must  be 
intelligent,  patient,  and  above  all,  of  irreproachable  charac- 
ter.     The  matrons  at  present  on  the  force  are  as  folloAvs: 

FIBST  PRECINCT  STATION  (Harrison  street),  Sarah  J.  Littell  and 

Mary  A.  Kelly. 
SECOND  PRECINCT  STATION  (West  Twelfth  street),   Mary   Ann 

Murphy  and  Mary  Heelan. 
THIRD  PRECINCT  STATION  (Desplaines  street),  Mary  Stewart  and 

Catherine  S.  Dodge. 
FOURTH    PRECINCT    STATION     (West    Chicago   avenue),     Annie 

Dwyer  and  Mary  A.  Mayer. 
FIFTH  PRECINCT  STATION  (East  Chicago  avenue),   Mary   Eager 

and  Annie  Mohrman. 

The  Chicago  police  department  boasts  of  the  most  per- 
fect "  rogues'  gallery "  of  any  city  in  the  United  States, 
and  its  perfection  is  due  to  the  admirable  mangement  of 


HEADQUARTERS  AND  CENTRAL  DETAIL.        455 

Michael  P.  Evans,  removed  iu  September  last.  Whatever 
may  have  been  the  causes  which  led  to  the  change,  it  is  un- 
doubtedly a  fact,  that  Mr.  Evans  accomplished  Avonders  for 
the  dej^artment  during  his  term  of  office,  in  the  way  of 
bringing  about  the  identification  of  criminals,  and  in  aiding 
the  detectives  of  this  and  other  cities  in  runnino;  down  ex- 
convicts  and  notorious  crooks  when  they  Avere  "Avauted." 
A  perfect  record  of  every  person  held  for  crime  by  the 
grand  jury,  for  a  number  of  years  past,  with  their  photo- 
grajdis,  bodily  marks,  and  descriptions  of  the  most  minute 
character,  is  preserA^ed  in  the  Chicago  rogues'  gallery.  The 
gallery  is  located  at  the  top  of  the  Armory  police  station. 
In  order  to  give  an  idea  of  the  amount  of  work  performed 
here,  the  following  is  appended: 

Feb.  10,  1887. 
Frederick  Ebersold,  Esq.,  Gen.  Supt.  of  Police. 

Sir: — The  following  is  a  statement  of  work  performed  iu  this  de- 
partment for  the  year  ending  1886: 

for  rogues'  gallery. 
Negatives  taken 624 

Negative  holder  addressed  and  numbered 624 

Descriptions  taken 624 

Descriptions  printed 17,430 

Pictures  printed 13,200 

Names  and  numbers  printed  on  pictures 13,200 

Pictures  placed  iu  albums  before  being  sent  to  stations.     (This 

includes  all  pictures  for  1885) 9,350 

FOR  POLICE   headquarters   AND   DETECTIVE    DEPARTMENT. 

Negatives  taken 70 

Negatives  addressed  and  numbered 70 

Pictures  printed 4,053 

"  "        scene  of  riot 29 

"  "       of  bomb  experiments 29 

"  "       of  patrol  wagons 30 

In  addition  to  the  above,  there  were  the  indexing  of  criminals  in  the 
general  index,  the  reports  from  the  clerk  of  the  Criminal  Court,  also 
penitentiary  reports,  until  such  time  as  they  (the  reports)  were  called  in 
by  the  general  superintendent.  Yours  respectfully, 

Michael  P.  Evans, 

Offlcial  Photographei: 

The  rosters  of  the  detective  and  of   the  patrol  or  signal 


456  THE     CHICxVGO    POLICE. 

service  have  already  beau  given.  In  tiie  following  chapters 
the  "Roster  of  the  Force,"  aside  from  these  two  branches, 
is  presented  as  nearly  complete  as  it  is  possible  to  make  it. 
It  has  been  the  aim  to  give  every  man  who  has  distinguished 
himself  in  any  way,  full  credit,  and  if  there  is  any  short- 
coming in  this  respect,  it  is  due  to  the  unwillingness  of  the 
men  themselves  to  communicate  the  desired  information. 
The  following  is  the  roster: 

JOHN  A.  BOCHE,  mayor  of  Chicago  aod  commander-in-chief  of  the  po- 
lice force,  was  born  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  in  1844,  graduated  from  a  high 
school  in  Massachusetts  at  the  age  of  17;  an  apprentice  to  the  Allen 
Machine  Works,  New  York  City;  removed  to  Boston  at  the  age  of 
21,  serving  as  draughtsman  and  superintendent  of  steam  engine 
building;  came  to  Chicago  in  1867,  and  entered  into  engine  and 
boiler  business;  invented  and  patented  new  devices  in  the  con- 
struction of  machinery;  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  James, 
Eoche  &  Spencer;  burned  out  by  the  great  fire  of  '71;  afterward 
entered  business  alone  and  up  to  his  election  was  manager  for  J. 
A.  Fay  &  Co.,  manufacturers  and  dealers  in  machinery;  in  1876  was 
elected  as  a  republican  to  the  House  of  Bepresentatives  of  the  Illinois 
legislature;  voted  for  John  A.  Logan  in  the  memorable  contest  of 
1877;  was  elected  mayor  of  Chicago  on  the  republican  ticket  in 
March,  1887.  As  mayor,  he  controls,  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  city  council,  the  entire  police  establishment  of  the  city,  and 
may  at  any  time,  at  his  option,  assume  personal  command  of  the 
force.    [See  1887]. 

FEEDEBICK  EBEBSOLD,  general  superintendent  of  police,  was  bom 
at  Ixheim,  District  of  Zweibruecken,  a  province  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Bhine,  March  30, 1841;  arrived  in  New  York  in  1856;  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  1857;  moved  to  Mendota  in  1859;  entered  the  Federal  army 
as  a  private  soldier  on  May  19,  1861,  and  served  till  the  close  of 
the  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  captain ;  went  into  business  in  Chi- 
cago after  being  mustered  out;  joined  the  police  force  under  Jacob 
Behm  in  1867,  and  rose  gradually  from  patrolman,  through  all  the 
grades,  to  the  superintendency,  to  which  position  he  was  appointed 
by  Mayor  Harrison,  August,  1885,  and  reappointed  by  Mayor 
Boche,  shortly  after  the  latter's  election.     [See  biography]. 

JOHN  BONFIELD,  inspector  and  secretary  of  the  police  department,  a 
rank  created  in  Chicago  by  Mayor  Harrison,  to  take  the  place  of 
the  deputy  superintendency  previously  existing;  was  born  of  Irish 
parents,  at  Bathurst,  New  Brunswick,  in  April,  1836;  came  to  Chi- 
ago  when  a  mere  lad  in  1844,  and  received  here  a  common 
school  education;    in   1853  or  1854  became  apprenticed    to    the 


HEADQUAIITEHS    AND    CENTRAL    DETAIL.  4:~)1 

machinist's  trade;  afterward  took  charge  of  a  stationary  engine, 
and  later  on  became  a  locomotive  engineer  on  the  Chicago  <fe  Alton 
railroad,  ser%dng  in  this  capacity  for  ten  years;  went  into  business 
on  Archer  avenue  and  failed;  was  appointed  inspector  of  customs 
by  President  Grant,  as  an  acknowledgment  of  his  services  to  the 
republican  party;  held  this  position  till  1875,  when  he  again  entered 
into  business  and  met  with  disaster  once  more,  this  time  through 
fire;  was  sworn  in  as  a  patrolman  in  1877  and  rose  from  this  rank 
steadily  until  he  reached  his  present  position,  being  appointed  in- 
spector by  Mayor  Harrison,  and  reappointed  by  Mayor  Roche. 
The  three  most  prominent  events  in  the  police  career  of  Inspector 
Bonfield  are:  the  successful  organization  of  the  patrol  service,  under 
his  immediate  charge;  the  suppression  of  the  street-car  riot  in 
1885;  the  stifling  of  anarchy  in  Chicago  in  1886.    [See  biography]. 

MICHAEL  BRENNAN,  lieutenant  of  police  and  chief  clerk  of  the  police 
department,  office  of  the  superintendent,  was  appointed  to  his 
present  position  by  Superintendent  Washburn,  August  15,  1873; 
and  has  acted  in  the  same  capacity  through  all  the  changes  of 
superintendents  and  marshals  up  to  the  present  time.  He  is  prob- 
ably more  familiar  with  the  history  of  the  department  and  all  the 
intricate  details  of  the  service  than  any  man  on  the  force,  and  is 
looked  upon  as  an  authority  at  headquarters.  Lieutenant  Bren- 
nan  was  bora  in  Ireland  and  is  now  46  years  of  age.  He  arrived  in 
Chicago  in  1862  and  entered  the  force  as  a  patrolman  in  1870. 
After  serving  for  some  time  as  patrolman  at  the  old  Huron  street 
station,  north  division,  he  was  appointed  in  May,  1872,  desk  sergeant, 
and  transferred  to  the  Larrabee  street  station.  Later  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Dearborn  avenue  station  where  he  served  as  desk 
sergeant  under  Captain  Frederick  Gund,  and  was  then  selected  by 
Supt.  Washburn  as  chief  clerk.  His  duties  from  that  day  to  this 
have  been  arduous  and  exacting.  He  is  the  private  secretary  of 
the  commanding  officer.  The  business  of  all  visitors,  whether 
civilians  or  public  officers,  is  usually  communicated  to  him,  be- 
fore it  reaches  the  superintendent.  He  decides  hundreds  of  ques- 
tions for  the  chief,  and  directs  the  enquirer,  who  seeks  the  super- 
intendent, to  some  subordinate  officer,  who  may  be  better  qiialified 
to  give  the  sought-for  information.  He  is  the  middle  man  between 
the  citizens  and  the  police  force,  dealing  with  the  multitude  who 
daily  flock  into  the  superintendent's  quarters  with  complaints,  re- 
ports, requests,  etc.  Of  a  courteous  disposition  and  equable  temper- 
ament he  manages  to  get  through  his  daily  labors  with  less  friction 
than  one  would  suppose,  and  not  the  least  of  the  excellent  qualifi- 
cations which  eminently  fit  him  for  the  position,  is  the  shrewd 
discernment  with  which  he  penetrates  the  motives  of  callers,  and 
by  which  he  determines  whether  or  not  the  matter  under  considera- 
tion is  one  that  must  be  settled  by  the  superintendent,  by  the 


458  THE     CHICAaO    POLICE. 

inspector,  l)y  one  of  tlie  captains,  or  by  himself.  Thus  he  prevents 
the  confusion  and  annoyance  which  wonhl  follow  were  he  not  at 
the  wicket,  ever  ready  to  skillfully  turn  the  footsteps  of  the  visitor 
in  the  right  direction.  All  of  the  superintendent's  official  orders 
and  correspondence  pass  throufjh  Lieutenant  Brennan's  hands. 

JOSEPH  B.  SHEPARD,  who,  as  chief  clerk  to  the  department,  does  the 
bookkeeping  by  which  the  pay  rolls  foi'  the  twelve  or  thirteen 
hundred  employes  are  kept  straight  and  the  $1,225,000  ajipropri- 
ated  for  salaries  get  to  the  right  men,  has  been  in  the  department 
since  1873.  He  was  then  appointed  clerk  by  the  board  which,  at 
that  time,  under  Mayor  Medill,  regulated  the  destinies  of  the  force. 
Mr.  Shepard  looks  abodt  45,  but  confesses  to  having  been  born  in 
Onondaga  county.  New  York,  sixty-two  years  ago.  In  1849  he 
started  for  the  great  West,  but  did  not  journey  so  far  as  the  pold- 
seekers  who  moved  across  the  desert  for  the  slope  at  that  time. 
Reaching  the  promising  little  town  of  Chicago  he  took  service  on  a 
line  of  packets  running  between  the  future  Western  metropolis  and 
Peru,  111.  Three  seasons  satisfied  him  with  this  and  in  the  fall  of 
1851  he  became  an  express  messenger  for  the  American  Express 
Company,  his  route  being  from  Chicago  to  St.  Louis.  Robberies 
were  then  rare,  and  though  he  carried  millions  of  dollars  by  stage, 
boat  and  pony,  he  never  lost  a  dime  in  any  waj'.  In  1853  he  was 
appointed  a  conductor  on  the  newly  opened  railroad  and  ran  the 
first  mail  train  into  Rock  Island.  Seventeen  years  of  railroading 
caused  him  to  long  for  a  settled  i^lace  of  residence  and  he  became 
attached  to  the  old  Michigan  avenue  hotel,  but  the  confinement 
made  him  fall  sick,  and  then  he  took  a  two  years'  rest,  after  which 
he  entered  upon  his  police  career.  Here  his  varied  experiences 
have  enabled  him  to  so  systematize  his  Avork  as  to  reduce  the  whole 
business  to  a  science.  In  addition  to  the  financial  and  book- 
keeping work  of  the  department  Mr.  Shepard  has  to  manage  the 
distribution  of  supplies.     He  is  universally  liked  by  the  men. 

LORING  J.  VAN  PELT,  clerk  to  inspector,  ranks  as  patrolman,  but  is 
in  reality  one  of  the  most  valuable  officers  connected  with  the 
entire  department.  He  was  born  in  New  York  City  in  1852,  and 
comes  of  the  old  Dutch  stock  of  the  Empire  state.  He  came  to 
Chicago  in  1865,  entered  the  force  on  Dec.  8,  1873,  and,  having  re- 
signed, re-entered  it  Dec.  1, 1884  From  Nov..  1880.  to  Dec,  1884, 
he  was  a  member  of  the  insurance  patrol,  and  filled  the  position 
of  inspector  of  buildings  and  clerk  to  the  late  B.  B.  Bull  winkle, 
who  was  the  superintendent  of  the  patrol.  In  February,  1886, 
after  re-entering  the  police  department,  in  company  with  Officer 
Fairchild,  he  recovered  about  S2,000  worth  of  stolen  property  in 
the  town  of  C'icero.  The  same  year  he  broke  up  Mrs.  Htmting- 
ton's  baby  farm  on  Wood  street,  near  Twelfth,  and  brought  the 
frightful  condition  of  things  existing  there  to  the  attention  of  the 


HEADQUARTERS  AND  CENTRAL  DETAIL.        450 

public.  Some  children  under  Mrs.  Huntington's  charge  had  died 
of  starvation  and  exposure.  In  a  brief  period  of  time  he  accom- 
plished such  excellent  work  as  to  attract  general  attention,  making 
numerous  important  arrests.  It  was  discovered  by  Superintend- 
ent Austin  J.  Doyle  that  Officer  Van  Pelt  was  an  architect  of  re- 
markable ability,  and  he  was  called  from  Hinmau  street  station  to 
headquarters,  when  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  architectural 
work  of  the  department.  Since  then  he  has  drawn  plans  for  new 
police  stations,  patrol  quarters,  and  a  photograph  gallery  and  a  con- 
struction shop,  demanding  an  outlay  of  over  .SiO.OOO,  and  so  close 
were  his  designs  and  specifications  drawn  up  that  the  actual  cost 
of  the  structures  he  had  planned  did  not  exceed  those  estimated 
by  him  by  over  $360.  lu  addition  to  this  work  which  comes  under 
the  supervision  of  the  inspector,  he  is  also  private  secretary  or 
clerk  to  Inspector  Bonfield,  issiies  all  cloth  for  jjolice  uniforms, 
and  keeps  account  of  such  supplies  as  do  not  properly  come  under 
Assistant  Secretary  Shepard's  charge.  The  large  memorial  picture 
of  Co.  A  of  the  Desplaines  street  station  (the  company  that  suf- 
fered such  dreadful  decimation  in  the  Haymarket  massacre),  pre- 
sented to  the  station  by  Inspector  Bonfield,  was  arranged  and 
engraved  by  Officer  Van  Pelt.  It  is  an  elegant  souvenir  of  one  of 
the  saddest  events  in  the  history  of  the  department.  Officer  Van 
Pelt  is  an  educated  and  courteous  gentleman,  who  pei'fornis  every 
duty  assigned  him  quietly  and  faithfully. 

JA.MES  RAY,  attached  to  inspector's  office,  superintendent  of  construc- 
tion department,  ranks  as  patrolman.  He  has  a  splendid  record  as 
an  officer.  While  sitting  on  the  front  steps  of  his  residence,  68 
Rebecca  street,  being  off  duty,  and  conversing  with  a  friend,  on 
the  evening  of  August  1,  1881,  his  attention  was  called  by  the 
sound  of  a  pistol  shot  at  No.  50  of  that  street.  Officer  Ray  quickly 
went  to  the  scene  of  the  shooting,  and  on  his  way  saw  one  Christ. 
Dixon,  who  lived  in  the  immadiate  vicinity,  running  out  of  the 
yard  into  the  alley.  Ray  stopped  him  and  enquired  what  he  was 
running  for;  he  stated  that  Thomas  Cahill,  of  No.  50  Rebecca 
street,  had  just  shot  and  tried  to  kill  him  on  account  of  some 
trivial  dispute  which  they  had  some  time  previous.  Upon  examin- 
ation the  officer  found  a  pistol  shot  wound  in  Dixon's  thigh,  and, 
therefore,  being  satisfied  of  the  truth  of  the  statement,  he  went 
into  the  house  where  Cahill's  parents  reside,  and  found  Thomas 
Cahill  concealed  in  a  bedroom  upstairs,  young  Dixon  following  the 
officer.  Cahill  was  asked  by  Officer  Ray  what  he  shot  Dixon  for; 
he  denied  having  fired  any  shot,  and  asked  to  be  confronted  with 
Dixon,  who  immediately  appeared  from  behind  the  officer  and 
charged  Cahill  with  the  shooting;  no  sooner  had  the  accusation  been 
made  than  Cahill  struck  young  Dixon  a  blow  in  the  face,  knocking 
him  down  the  steps  in  the  presence  of  Officer  Ray.     The  officer 


460  THE    CHICAGO    TOLICE. 

then  placed  Cahill  Tinder  arrest  and  young  Dixon  ran  away,  leav- 
ing Officer  Ray  alone  with  the  Oahill  family.  Cahill  resisted  arrest 
and  was  assisted  in  such  resistance  by  the  whole  family  present, 
consisting  of  his  father,  mother  and  brother,  all  of  whom  used 
great  violence  toward  Ray.  However,  after  a  severe  struggle, 
Officer  Ray  succeeded  in  gettiug  the  door  open  and  dragged  the 
prisoner  outside  on  the  top  of  a  stairway  leading  to  the  second 
story  in  rear  of  the  house,  and,  in  trying  to  get  him  down  stairs, 
the  prisoner's  undershirt  which  the  officer  held  severed  in  the  back, 
leaving  one-half  in  the  officer's  hands.  By  reason  of  the  sudden 
give-away,  Officer  Ray  fell  down  the  steps  some  distance,  and  by 
the  time  he  regained  his  footing  the  prisoner  had  returned  into  the 
house  and  locked  all  doors.  Some  one  in  the  neighborhood  turned 
in  the  alarm  for  the  police  wagon,  which  soon  appeared  on  the 
scene  with  Capt.  O'Donnell  and  five  police  officers.  Acting  in 
obedience  to  orders  from  the  captain,  then  present  on  the  ground. 
Officer  Ray  went  to  the  door,  and,  knocking  at  the  same,  asked 
for  admittance,  stating  that  he  was  a  police  officer.  Cahill  refused 
to  open  the  door;  Officers  Ray  and  O'Brien  put  their  shoulders  to 
the  door  and  forced  it  open  a  few  inches,  when  Cahill  put  bis 
revolver  into  the  aperture  and  fired  several  shots,  wounding  Officers 
Ray  and  Hefferman  slightly  and  O'Brien  fatally.  Cahill  was  sub- 
sequently arrested  by  Officers  Kelly  and  Flynn,  and  received  a  life 
sentence  at  Joliet.  After  being  confined  three  years  he  died  of 
consumption.  Pete  Stevens,  who  murdered  his  wife  Mamie,  and 
who  was  lately  discharged  from  the  Joliet  penitentiary,  was  also 
arrested  by  Officer  Ray,  who  is  now  detailed  as  superintendent  of 
new  constructions  and  is  a  first-class  mechanic  in  every  respect. 
It  is  to  his  credit  and  his  co-laborer.  Officer  Van  Pelt,  that  the 
police  department  has  saved  hundreds  of  dollars  by  their  planning 
and  constructing  of  new  police  stations  and  other  work,  without 
extras. 

NICHOLAS  SHANNON,  patrol  sergeant,  was  bom  in  Ireland  in  1835 
came  to  Chicago  in  June,  1852,  and  entered  the  force  in  May,  1868 
traveled  beat  a  number  of  years  and  made  many  important  arrests 
appointed  desk  sergeant  by  Supt.   Doyle.     Has  charge  of  con- 
struction shop  and  mechanics  (po J  icemen)  employed  in  repairs,  etc. 

WILLIAM  H.  CARMAN,  acting  clerk  of  secretary's  office,  with  rank 
of  patrolman,  was  born  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  58  years  ago; 
came  to  Chicago  in  18G0  and  entered  the  police  force  in  1862;  was 
appointed  patrolman  on  March  18th,  1882,  and  traveled  beat  two 
years;  was  made  station-keeper  and  afterward  acting  clerk  in  the 
old  headquarters,  Washington  and  LaSalle  streets;  in  1868  was 
appointed  custodian  of  stolen  property,  which  position  he  held 
until  July  31st,  1879,  when  he  was  again  appointed  patrolman;  has 
since  filled  his  present  position  with  general  satisfaction.     Mr.  Car- 


HEADQUARTERS  AND  CENTRAL  DETAIL.        401 

man  has  served  under  every  general  superintendent  since  the  organ- 
ization of  the  department. 

PATKICK  LEAMY,  veterinary  surgeon  of  the  patrol  service  and  at- 
tached to  Inspector  Ebersold's  stafp,  was  bom  in  the  County 
Tipperary,  Ireland,  in  1843.  He  has  been  a  resident  of  Chicago  for 
thirty-two  years,  where  during  the  early  years  of  his  manhood  he 
engaged  in  teaming;  Avas  connected  with  the  fire  department  for 
five  years  and  drove  Engine  170  in  the  great  fire;  afterward 
entered  again  in  the  teaming  business,  being  employed  by  several 
large  wholesale  houses;  after  eight  years  he  was  engaged  to  drive 
the  police  department  supply  wagon,  and  when  John  Bonfield  was 
made  inspector,  was  given  charge  of  the  police  department  horses. 
"Doc"  Leamy,  as  he  is  called  in  the  force,  has  been  wonderfully 
successful  in  his  management  of  the  stock.  During  his  supervision 
he  has  lost  but  two  horses — one  of  which  dropped  dead  going  to  a 
fire,  and  the  other  had  a  leg  broken  by  accident.  He  is  a  careful 
buyer,  a  splendid  veterinary  surgeon,  and  a  popular  man  in  the 
department.    [See  Patrol  Service.] 

THE  CENTRAL    DETAIL. 

CAPTAIN    GEORGE    W.    HUBBARD,    COMMANDING. 

In  years  gone  by  a  special  detail  of  the  best  looking 
men  on  the  police  force  was  assigned  by  the  department  to 
street  crossing  duty  on  Lake  street,  which  was,  up  to  Octo- 
ber, 1871,  the  fashionable  retail  thoroughfare  of  the  city. 
This  detail  became  familiarly  known  as  "the  Lake  street 
squad,"  and  numbered  from  thirty-five  to  forty  men.  After 
the  rebuilding  of  the  burnt  district,  the  retail  center  was 
shifted,  and  the  growth  of.  population  soon  demanded  the 
various  changes  which  have  contributed  to  the  organization 
of  what  is  known  now  to  the  public  as  the  Central  detail, 
and  to  policemen  as  "the  squad."  The  headquarters  of  the 
Central  detail  are  located  in  the  City  Hall,  and  this  branch 
of  the  service  must  not  be  confounded  with  the  Central  sta- 
tion, also  located  in  the  City  Hall,  and  described  elsewhere 
in  connection  with  the  detective  force.  The  jurisdiction  of 
the  Central  station  extends  over  all  the  territory  comprised 
between  Van  Buren  street  on  the  south,  the  river  on  the 
north,  the  lake  on  the  east,  and  the  river  on  the  west,  during 


462  THE     CHICAGO    POLICE. 

the  day  time.  It  also  covers  all  the  railroad  depots,  steam- 
boat landings,  public  balls,  newspaper  offices,  etc.,  and  it  is 
relieved  at  nigbt  by  tlie  force  of  the  first  precinct  or  Armory 
station,  commanded  by  Captain  Buckley. 

.GEORGE  W.  HUBBAED,  captain  of  police,  Central  detail,  was  bom 
at  Cambridge,  Maryland,  February  22,  1848;  was  educated  at 
Baltimore,  came  to  Chicago  Sept.  10,  1868,  and  entered  the  police 
force  on  July  29, 1873;  was  promoted  to  desk  sergeant  on  AuiigstS, 
1875,  lieutenant  Nov.  20,  1882,  and  captain  January  1,  1887.  [See 
biography]. 

MICHAEL  BISCHOFF,  lieutenant  of  police,  was  born  in  Germany  in 
1830;  came  to  Chicago  1844,  and  entered  the  force  March,  1857. 
His  early  record  appears  throughout  the  history  of  the  force,  and  he 
has  ranked  high  in  the  estimation  of  his  superiors  always.  He 
commanded  a  company  of  50  men  on  July  26,  1877,  at  the  Halsted 
street  viaduct,  and  when  the  mob  drove  the  force  engaged  back, 
Bischoff  and  his  men  came  to  the  rescue,  charged  the  rioters  and 
drove  them  across  the  bridge.  In  this  charge  three  of  the  rioters 
were  killed  and  a  number  wounded.  [See  "Riot  of  '77."]  Lieut. 
Bischoff  has  participated,  always  actively,  in  all  the  great  riots  and 
strikes  that  have  occurred  in  this  city.  He  is  a  brave  man,  an 
efficient  police  officer  and  a  good  citizen. 

JOHN  E.  FITZPATRICK,  drill  master  and  lieutenant  of  police,  is  one 
of  the  bravest  and  best  officers  of  the  police  department;  as  such 
he  is  recognized  by  his  superiors  and  associates.  His  connection 
with  the  Haymarket  affair,  which  was  of  such  a  character  as  to  win 
for  him  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  citizens  and  a  speedy  promo- 
tion, is  mentioned  elsewhere.  He  is  at  jjresent  drill  master  of  the 
force,  and  attached  to  the  Central  detail.  He  was  born  in  Johns- 
town, Penna.,  in  1852,  and  was  reared  in  that  \icinity,  entering  a 
rolling  mill  when  he  arrived  at  suitable  age.  In  1878  he  came  to 
the  West  and  established  a  rolling  mill  at  Carondelet,  St.  Louis;  in 
1873  he  became  assistant  superintendent  of  the  rolling  mills  at 
Springfield,  111.,  and  shortly  afterward  became  superintendent  of 
the  mills  at  East  St.  Louis.  In  1879  he  came  to  Chicago,  and  was 
employed  in  the  Bridgeport  Wire  Works  until  that  concern  shut 
down  in  1882.  He  had  been  instrumental  in  organizing  the  Johns- 
town Zouaves,  and  was  head  and  front  of  the  Sherman  Guards  at 
Springfield.  He  also  became  connected  with  Battery  "D,"  I.  N. 
G.,  at  Springfield.  This  taste  for  military  matters  was  strongly 
developed  in  the  young  man,  and  he  became  a  most  proficient 
organizer,  drill  master  and  disciplinarian  before  he  entered  the 
Chicago  force.  He  became  a  patrolman  on  January  13,  1883,  and 
was  detailed  at  Harrison  street.     His  well-known  fitness  for  the 


HEADQUARTEKS  AND  CENTRAL  DETAIL.        463 

place  induced  Superintendent  Ebei'sold  to  make  liim  drill  master, 
which  position  he  entered  in  1885,  and  has  discharged  its  duties 
ever  since  with  skill  and  satisfaction.  He  was  appointed  lieuteuant 
immediately  after  the  Hay  market  explosion, 

DEXTER  CODMAN,  sergeant,  Central  detail,  was  bom  in  Ontario 
county,  New  York,  and  is  now  63  years  of  age;  came  to  Chicago 
July  10,  1852,  imd  entered  the  force  on  June  10,  1866.  Sergeant 
Codman  was  at  one  time  the  agent  of  a  line  of  boats  plying  be- 
tween Chicago  and  St.  Louis.  After  joining  the  force  he  traveled 
beat  for  a  short  time  from  the  old  Market  street  station,  but  was. 
soon  appointed  station  keeper.  He  was  bailiff  at  the  county  jail 
for  a  time,  and  afterward  assigned  to  the  Armory.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  his  present  position  under  Mayor  Harrison. 

MICHAEL  LANGAN,  sergeant,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  184:2;  came 
to  Chicago  in  May,  1863,  and  entered  the  police  force  on 
February  12, 1869;  patrolled  post  five  years  and  was  appointed 
desk  sergeant  February  2,  1874,  and  served  as  such  at  the  East 
Chicago  avenue  station  for  over  eight  years;  transferred  to  Central 
station  February  2, 1882.  During  all  these  years  Sergeant  Langan 
has  never  been  charged  with  violating  any  of  the  rules  of  the  de- 
partment, and  has  never  been  reprimanded  by  a  superintendent. 

JOHN  POST,  sergeant,  Central  detail,  was  bom  in  New  York  state  in 
1845;  came  to  Chicago  in  1865,  and  entered  the  police  force  in  1874; 
served  for  some  time  at  West  Madison  street  station  and  was 
transferred  to  the  Central  detail  on  Sept.  9th,  1887. 

PATRICK  J.  GIBBONS,  patrol  sergeant,  bom  in  Ireland,  1850;  came 
to  Chicago  1854;  entered  the  force  January  30,  1880. 

JOHN  E.  MAHONEY,  desk  sergeant,  was  born  at  Toronto,  Canada, 
and  is  at  present  about  45  years  of  age ;  came  to  Chicago  in  1869, 
and  entered  the  police  force  August  23, 1870;  was  first  stationed  at 
the  old  Armory ;  was  made  station  keeper  at  Harrison  street  after 
the  fire,  and  later  was  assigned  in  the  same  capacity  at  Cottage 
Grove  avenue;  was  made  desk  sergeant  first  at  the  22d  street  sta- 
tion, then  at  Cottage  Grove,  and  in  February,  1884,  took  his  present 
position. 

FRANCIS  O'NEILL,  patrol  sergeant,  was  bom  in  the  town  of  Bantry, 
CoTinty  Cork,  Ireland,  in  1848;  came  to  Chicago  in  1867,  and  entered 
the  force  July  17,  1873;  was  shot  in  the  left  breast  by  the  burglar 
John  Bridges,  whom  he  arrested  Aug.  17,  1873,  just  one  month 
after  joining  the  service;  was  appointed  regular  patrolman  by  the 
police  board  on  the  following  diy  for  meritorious  conduct,  and 
stationed  at  the  Armory;  was  appointed  desk  sergeant  at  Deering 
street  in  August,  1878,  and  transferred  to  general  superintendent's 
office  in  February,  1884;  was  class  jd  as  patrol  sergeant  on  January 

36 


464  THE     CHICAGO    POLICE. 

1,  1887;  has  never  been  fined,  suspended  or  reprimanded  while  con- 
nected with  the  police  department. 

CHAUNOY  M.  BARTTELL,  patrolman,  was  born  in  the  village  of  Gen- 
eseo,  N.  Y.,  of  American  parents,  in  1842;  brought  west  with  his  fam- 
ily, who  settled  near  Elgin,  in  1843;  has  resided  in  Chicago  for 
twenty  years;  entered  the  force  June  16,  1883;  was  detailed  for 
duty  at  the  Maxwell  Brothers  and  McCormick  strike;  has  made 
many  important  arrests;  was  with  first  company  of  the  4th  pre- 
cinct in  the  Haymarket  affair;  since,  assigned  to  Central  detail. 

WILLIAM  BOYD,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1840;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1858  and  entered  the  force  in  September,  1874 

THOMAS  BIRMINGHAM,  patrolman,  was  bornin  Joliet  inl861;  came 
to  Chicago  in  1879;  joined  the  police  force  in  1884.  Has  been  an 
efficient  officer. 

JAMES  BREN'NAN,  patrolman,  and  one  of  the  best  men  on  the  force, 
was  awarded  the  medal  for  bravery,  on  March  4,  1887,  at  the 
recommendation  of  Captain  Hubbard,  on  the  following  presentation 
of  facts:  On  or  about  July  21st,  1886,  at  3:25  p.  m.,  while  at  his  post 
of  duty  at  the  west  end  of  Lake  street  bridge,  the  bridge  bell  rang, 
and  he  immediately  halted  a  number  of  teams  approaching  the 
bridge  on  West  Lake  street.  When  the  bridge  had  partially  turned, 
so  that  its  northern  section  was  about  the  center  of  the  street,  the 
escaping  steam  and  noise  of  an  engine  passing  under  the  viaduct 
so  frightened  a  horse,  then  standing  on  the  east  end  of  the  viaduct 
and  attached  to  a  two-seated  carriage,  occupied  by  Mrs.  Barry  and 
little  son,  and  Mrs.  H.  O.  Stover,  with  her  little  boy,  that  it  became 
immanageable,  and  rushed  at  a  great  rate  of  speed  down  the  steep 
incline  toward  the  river.  He  was  just  then  near  the  bridge,  and 
sprang  forward  and  caught  the  horse  by  the  bit,  about  half  way 
between  the  bridge  and  where  he  first  started.  The  horse  was  a 
large  twelve  or  thirteen  hundred  pound  animal,  powerful,  vicious, 
and  badly  frightened,  and  in  his  mad  fury  to  escape  the  object  of 
his  fright,  reared,  pitched  and  plunged  right  and  left ;  and,  al- 
though Brennan  is  a  strong,  heavy  man,  he  actually  lifted  him 
from  his  footing,  threw  him  upon  the  pavement,  trampled  on  him, 
and  dragged  him  in  various  directions.  The  officer  clung  to  him, 
regained  his  footing,  and  with  great  effort  pulled  him  to  the  right, 
just  as  he  had  reached  the  abutment  exposed  by  the  turning  of  the 
bridge,  when  one  more  bound  would  have  landed  them  in  the  bot- 
tom of  the  river.  The  bridge  had  then  stopped  turning,  leaving  a 
space  accessible  between  the  abutment  rail  and  the  northern  up- 
right of  the  bridge  of  about  three  feet  wide ;  and  with  one  more 
seemingly  superhuman  effort,  amid  the  shrieks  of  the  persons  in 
the  carriage,  adding  fright  to  the  already  savage  beast,  goaded  to 
desperation  with  terror,  Brennan  forced  him  upon  the  end  of  the 


HEADQUARTERS  AND  CENTRAL  DETAIL.        465 

bridge.  A  crash  followed.  The  carriage  was  cut  in  two.  The 
policemau  released  hio  hold  on  the  horse,  and  grasped  the  lady  and 
little  boy  occupying  the  front  seat,  just  as  thoy  were  tottering  with 
a  part  of  the  carriage  jver  the  embankment,  and  lauded  them 
safely  on  the  bridge,  while  that  part  of  the  carriage  in  which  they 
bad  been  seated  tumbled  iuto  the  river.  The  other  two  occupants 
of  the  carriage  had,  during  the  excitement,  scrambled  from  the 
rear  end  and  escaped.  The  horse  ran  part  way  across  the  bridge, 
and  was  stopped.  Thus  life  and  property  were  preserved. 
During  the  struggle,  Brennan's  blouse  and  pants  were  completely 
riddled,  and  his  flesh  was  badly  bruised  and  lacerated,  and  he  was 
otherwise  severely  hurt,  so  that  he  was  unable  to  perform  his  duties 
for  several  days  thereafter. 

JAMES  BELL,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1839;  came  to  Chicago 
August,  1863;  entered  the  force  1872. 

JAMES  BOLYER,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1854;  entered  the  force 
December  15,  1884. 

BERNARD  BOESEN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1853;  entered  the 
force  December  15, 1881. 

MAURICE  BOAVLER,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Kerry,  Ireland,  1847; 
came  to  Chicago  July  8, 1872;  entered  the  force  January  15,  1881. 

JAMES  BURTON,  patrolman;  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  1847;  came  to 
Chicago  1866;  entered  the  force  1872. 

DANIEL  BURNS,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1841;  came  to  Chicago 
1859;  entered  the  force  May,  1867. 

THOMAS  D.  BECK,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1841;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1866;  entered  the  force  Oct.  1,  1874. 

EDWARD  BURKE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1854;  entered  the 
force  December  15, 1884. 

DANIEL  CONSIDINE,  patrolman;  born  in   Ireland  1844;  came   to 

Chicago  1867;  entered  the  force  March  27,  1871. 

CORNELIUS  W.  CROWLEY,  patrolman,  was  Ijorn  at  East  Stoughton, 
Mass.,  October  13,  1849;  came  to  Chicago  June,  1869,  and  entered 
the  force  September,  1873. 

JAMES  CAHILL,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1842;  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  1866,  and  entered  the  force  in  the  autumn  of  1873. 

JOHN  CRAMER,  patrolman,  was  bom  in  Wisconsin  in  1848*  came  to 
Chicago  in  1870,  and  entered  the  force  in  1873. 

HE^TRY  COX,  patrolman,  was  bom  in  Nottingham,  England,  in  1831; 
came  to  Chicago  in  1861;  entered  the  force  September  15,1867; 


466  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

after  the  Chicago  fire  was  assigned  to  the  "  Lake  Street  Squad;"" 
since  1876  has  been  bookkeeper  at  the  Central  station. 

LUKE  P.  COLLERAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Sligo,  Ireland,  March  17, 
1860;  entered  the  police  force  in  1883;  was  assigned  to  duty  at 
Larrabee  street;  in  March,  1884,  at  the  corner  of  North  avenue  and 
Wells  street,  was  shot  by  John  Murphy  whom  he  had  under  arrest, 
but  was  not  seriously  wounded;  was  transferred  to  the  Central  do- 
tail  in  April,  1886,  and  was  under  command  of  Lieutenant  (now 
captain)  George  W.  Hubbard  on  the  night  of  the  4th  of  May; 
escaped  injury  except  the  loss  of  his  uniform  which  was  torn  by 
flying  fragments  from  the  bomb. 

JOHN  W.  COLLINS,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1861;  camfo  to 
Chicago  1878,  and  entered  the  police  force  1883;  was  assigned  to 
the  second  precinct  for  fifteen  months,  where  he  made  many  im- 
portant arrests;  was  in  the  Central  detail  company  on  the  night  of 
May  4th,  which  participated  in  the  Haymarket  affair. 

MAETIN  COLEMAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to  Chi- 
cago April,  1869;  entered  the  force  in  1881. 

HENEY  H.  CLUETT,  patrolman;  born  in  England  1849;  came  to 
Chicago  1856;  entered  the  force  April,  1873. 

MICHAEL  J.  COSTELLO,  patrolman;  born  in  America  1856;  came 
to  Chicago  1850;  entered  the  force  March  11,  1873. 

THOMAS  M.  CUETAIN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland;  entered  the 
force  December  13, 1876. 

NICHOLAS  CROSBY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1848;  entered  the 
forceMarch24,  1881. 

JOHN  CASEY,  patrolman;  entered  the  force  Oct.  18, 1872. 

GEOEGE  J.  DEWEY,  patrolman;  age  61;  in  charge  of  newsboys  at 
the  Daily  News,  Mail  and  Herald  offices,  is  one  of  the  oldest  and 
best  known  members  of  the  force.  In  a  recently  published  sketch 
of  his  life,  in  which  his  affection  for  the  newsboys  and  his  regard 
for  their  welfare  was  commented  upon,  it  is  said  that  he  is  one  of 
the  very  few  men  who  is  capable  of  handling  the  "city  children" — 
the  newsboys  and  bootblacks — the  waifs.  "He  is  their  court  of 
last  resort."  It  may,  therefore,  be  imagined  how  valuable  his  serv- 
ices are.  He  arrived  in  this  city  forty-two  years  ago.  He  fought 
in  the  Mexican  and  civil  wars  and  attained  the  rank  of  captain. 
After  the  war  he  was  connected  with  the  American  Express  Com- 
pany until  1868,  when  he  entered  the  poUce  force.  He  is  an  Amer- 
ican by  birth  and  strictly  regardful  of  morality.  For  six  years  he 
has  been  thrown  into  constant  contact  with  the  newsboys  of  the 
city,  and  his  kindly  disposition  and  benevolent  countenance  has 
won  from  them  that  which  they  seldom  extend  to  any  one  —respect. 


HEADQUARTEKS  AND  CENTRAL  DETAIL.        407 

He  has  beeu  one  of  the  principal  organizers  of  the  Waifs  Mission 
in  this  city,  a  most  coniineudable  charity;  he  is  never  tired  of  phm- 
uing  to  make  the  boys  better  and  happier;  has  taken  a  leading 
part  in  all  movements  calculated  for  their  betterment;  has  headed 
the  noisy  army  toward  picnics  and  excursions,  and  has  kept  them 
in  such  control  that  the  newsboys  of  the  present  day  are  angels  in 
comparison  with  what  they  were  a  few  years  ago.  Captain  Dewey 
tloes  liot  stop  at  providing  moral  instruction  for  the  boys.  To  him, 
as  much  as  to  any  other  one  person  in  the  city,  is  due  the  fact  that 
for  several  winters  i)ast  the  waifs  of  the  city  have  been  properly 
shod  and  clothed.  Captain  Dewey  has  the  confidence  of  the  news- 
paper publishers,  and  all  recognize  the  valuable  services  which  he 
has  rendered  and  is  still  rendering  them,  in  pulling  the  rein  tight 
enough  to  curb  the  Arab,  without  breaking  his  spirit. 

FLOEENCE  DONOHUE,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1842; 
came  to  Chicago  in  1863,  and  entered  the  force  in  1869;  arrested 
the  colored  highwayman,  Geo.  Carroll,  who  robbed  Andrew  Stein- 
inetz,  May  8,  1872,  and  sent  him  to  the  penitentiary  for  five  years 
inside  of  thirty-eight  hours  from  the  time  of  his  arrest.  Was  shot 
in  Mike  McDonald's  gambling  house  on  the  night  of  November 
23, 1878,  the  ball  passing  through  his  clothing;  was  in  the  company 
<jf  men  from  Central  detail  under  Captain  Hubbard  and  Lieut. 
Fitzpatrick  at  the  Haymarket  massacre,  and  has  had  many  hair- 
breadth escapes  from  injury  and  death  while  connected  with  the 
force. 

THOMAS  DOOLEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1847;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1867;  entered  the  force  December  3d,  1872. 

WILLIAM  DOLLARD.  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1848;  entered  the 
force  April  8, 1879;  has  convicted  several  bad  criminals  for  various 
crimes;  among  them  John  Oliver,  alias  Orr,  murder;  penitentiary 
for  life;  William  Taylor,  for  the  killing  of  Robert  McCaw; 
Charles  Hawkins  for  the  killing  of  Gus  Lee,  and  several  burglars, 
many  of  whom  have  been  convicted. 

JAMES  DERRIG,  patrolman;  born  in  Canada  1858;  came  to  Chicago 
1870;  entered  the  force  June  1,  1877;  has  made  several  important 
arrests,  chief  among  them  that  of  Frank  Felker  for  robbery; 
Thomas  McGinnis,  for  assault  to  commit  murder;  Harry  Hax- 
well  for  assault  to  kill;  the  notorious  abortionist  Dr.  Earll,  for 
murder,  and  Andrew  Nelson  for  murder;  he  has  sent  his  share  of 
dangerous  characters  to  Joliet. 

OEORGE  DEMAR,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1851;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1868;  entered  the  force  April  11,  1876. 

GEORGE  DETTINGER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1846;  came  to 
Chicago  1859;  entered  tlie  force  October,  1870. 


4(j8  the     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

FRANK  DOLAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1827;  came  to  Cliicago 
1850;  entered  the  force  May  2,  1867, — one  of  the  oldest  men  in  the 
department.  In  1801)  he  arretted  George  Harris,  James  Wade, 
alias  Brewster,  Andrew  Gilmartiu  and  one  Brenuan  for  burglary 
at  the  residences  of  Judge  Wait,  Mr.  Kerfoot,  ex- Alderman  Kchoc, 
and  for  robbing  several  railroad  cars.  All  were  convicted  and  sent 
down  with  sentences  of  from  four  to  eleven  years  each.  In  this 
case  he  recovered  property  amounting  in  value  to  $1G,(X)0.  Brew- 
ster and  Gilmartin  he  arrested  while  they  were  attempting  to  rob 
the  residence  of  John  P.  Calhoun,  101  Pine  street.  He  has  done  a 
great  deal  of  good  work  since  then,  and  is  still  one  of  the  most 
active  men  on  the  force. 

GARRETT  H.  DOYLE  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  1862;  entered  the 
force  June  13,  .1883. 

THOMAS  DOOLEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1844;  entered  tha 
force  Dec.  2,  1872. 

JOHN  DUFFICY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland;  entered  the  force  Sept. 

28,  1878. 

PATRICK  DOUGHERTY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1838;  entered 
the  force  Sept.  1,1869. 

WILLIAM  H.  D ARROW,  ps^trolman,  born  in  America  1856;  entered 
the  police  force  March  21,  1881. 

JACOB  EBINGER,  patrolman;  born  at  Niles,  Cook  coimty,  1842;  came 
to  Chicago  when  an  infant;  entered  the  force  1870;  enlisted  in  the 
army  as  one  of  McClellan's  Body  Guard  in  1861;  served  imtii 
November,  1865;  returning  from  the  war  entered  the  special  police 
service  in  Chicago  and  served  in  that  capacity  till  he  joined  the 
regular  force;  participated  in  the  Haymarket  riot,  receiving  a 
slight  shell  wound  in  the  left  hand,  but  was  soon  able  to  attend  to 
duty. 

MILLARD  ENSWORTH,  patrolman;  born  in  Michigan  1&33;  came  to 
Chicago  1847;  entered  the  force  1862;  is  one  of  the  veterans  who 
has  done  excellent  service  during  the  past  twenty-five  years. 

PETER  EBERSOLD,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1832;  entered  the 
force  1865;  another  veteran. 

DOMINIC  FEENY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1856;  came  to  Chicago 
May,  1873;  entered  the  force  October,  1882;  was  transferred  from 
Cottage  Grove  station  to  the  Central  detail  July  12,  1887. 

DENIS  J.  FOLEY,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1848,  came  to 
Chicago  in  1871,  and  entered  the  force  September  14,  1873. 

STEPHEN  W.  FAY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  18.55;  came  to  Chi- 
cago May  4,  1873;  entered  the  force  June  13, 1883. 


HEADQUARTERS  AND  CENTRAL  DETAIL.        409 

•PATRICK  FALLEN,  patrolman;  entered  the  force  April  25,  1886. 

HENRY  N.  FECHTER,  patrolman;  detailed  at  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western passenger  depot;  born  in  Luxemburg  Jan'y25, 1839;  came 
to  Chicago  1853;  entered  the  army  in  1S61,  beiug  attached  to  B 
Company,  10th  Illinois  Veteran  Volunteers,  Infantry,  and  remained 
in  the  service  till  July  -i,  1S65;  served  under  Halleck's,  Pope's  and 
Sherman's  commands;  was  engaged  in  the  fights  at  "Island  No. 
10,"  at  New  Madrid,  Mo.,  Corinth,  Miss.,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  and  through  the  campaign  from  Chattanooga  to  Atlanta  and 
from  Atlanta  to  the  sea;  in  the  Carolinas  from  Savannah,  and  his 
last  taste  of  war  was  at  Bentonville  on  March  17,  1S65;  came  to 
Chicago  at  the  close  of  the  war  and  entered  the  police  force  in  Au- 
gust, 1865,  being  assigned  to  the  old  Market  Hall  on  the  North 
Side,  where  Wells  Sherman  was  sergeant;  did  patrol  duty  on  the 
North  Side  till  the  fire  of  1871;  was  then  transferred  to  the  West 
Side,  where  he  remained  six  months,  then  to  the  South  Side,  and 
placed  in  the  Central  detail,  and  has  been  connected  with  the  day 
squad  ever  since.  In  March,  1867,  an  officer  named  Grief  was 
assaulted  by  a  man  named  Henry  Bluchbaier,  who  used  a  knife. 
Fechter  came  to  the  assistance  of  Grief,  and  when  Bluchbaier 
turned  upon  him  Grief  fled.  The  struggle  was  a  terrible  one  for  a 
few  minutes.  Bluchbaier  plunged  the  knife  into  Fechter's  breast 
and  hand,  biit  before  he  could  inflict  fatal  injuries  the  oflicer  shot 
him.  He  had  another  terrible  conflict  on  January  29,  1870.  A 
man  named  Moore  went  into  Joseph  Daqua's  restaurant  to  take 
some  refreshments.  When  he  had  finished,  the  barkeeper  demanded 
his  pay.  Moore,  instead  of  paying,  presented  a  bill  for  two  dollars 
which  he  had  against  Daqua.  After  some  angry  talk  the  bartender 
cut  Moore's  skull  open  in  two  places  with  a  beer  mallet.  Officer 
Fechter  was  at  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  depot  at  the  time  and 
was  called  to  his  assistance.  He  picked  Moore  up  at  the  corner  of 
Wells  and  Kinzie  streets,  and  asked  him  to  point  out  his  assailant. 
He  pointed  out  the  bartender,  and  Officer  Fechter  immediately 
placed  him  imder  arrest.  Daqua,  who  was  present,  demanded  the 
release  of  his  employe,  insisted  that  the  officer  should  have  a  war- 
rant, and  attempted  otherwise  to  interfere.  Fechter  told  Daqua  to 
keep  off,  as  he  was  determined  to  arrest  the  barkeeper.  Daqua 
then  pulled  a  revolver  and  shot  the  officer,  the  bullet  striking  near 
the  spinal  column,  where  it  still  remains,  and  followed  it  up  with, 
another  which  sent  a  ball  into  Fechter's  collar  bone,  and  another 
which  wounded  him  in  the  arm,  another  through  his  clothing. 
Fechter  now  opened  fire,  shooting  Daqua  through  the  thigh  and 
breast.  The  latter  had  fired  six  shots  in  all,  and  had  the  revolver 
pointed  at  the  officer's  head  for  the  seventh  and  last  shot,  when  it 
was  snatched  away  from  him.  He  died  in  ten  minutes.  Under 
Wells  Sherman's  administration  the  North  Side  was  infested  with 


470  THE     CHICAGO    POLICE. 

burj^lars.  Hardly  a  ni<fbt  but  some  of  the  best  residences  were' 
broken  into  and  robbed  of  silver,  jewelry,  etc.  One  night  in  April, 
18fi7,  Fechter  came  across  four  burglars  and  watched  theiu  until 
they  liad  entered  a  house  at  the  corner  t)f  State  and  Indiana  streets. 
When  they  were  inside  he  whistled  for  assistance,  and  with  the 
whistle  in  his  left  hand  and  a  revolver  in  his  right  he  approached 
■the  house.  The  burglars  knew  the  alarm  and  three  of  them  left  the 
'liouse  hurriedly  and  escaped.  The  fourth  one  was  at  the  second 
story  window  ready  to  jump  when  Fechter  fired  at  him,  when  he 
anade  his  way  to  a  Avindow  on  the  same  floor  in  the  rear,  from 
"which  he  jumped  into  the  yard,  just  in  time  to  fall  into  Fechter's 
arms.  When  taken  to  the  station  he  claimed  to  be  a  barber.  He 
had  a  razor  in  his  pocket.  He  said  he  came  from  Cincinnati  where 
lie  had  sold  a  house  and  lot  and  now  had  .^5,000  in  money.  On 
Thanksgivmg  day,  IST-j,  in  the  St.  Elmo  restaurant,  Wieland,  the 
keeper,  was  murdered  by  Hank  Davis,  a  gambler.  Fechter  was  at 
State  and  Madison  street  at  the  time,  and  was  called  upon  to  arrest 
Davis.  It  was  6  o'clock  in  the  evening.  Davis  had  barricaded 
himself  behind  the  ice-box  in  the  restaurant,  and  had  a  loaded  bull- 
dog revolver  in  hand,  ready  to  commit  any  act  rather  than  be 
taken.  Fechter,  however,  approached  Davis  coolly;  the  latter  fired 
at  him,  but  he  was  soon  disarmed  and  taken  to  the  Harrison  street 
station.  He  was  afterward  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  twenty-one 
years.  In  the  riot  of  1877,  Fechter  saw  some  good  service  under 
Lieutenant  Gerbing. 

J.  PATRICK  GAVIN,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1832;  arrived 
in  Chicago  May  13,  1847;  entered  the  force  February  11,  1868; 
arrested  burglars  who  robbed  John  McEwan's  residence  on  La- 
Salle  avenue,  and  helped  them  into  the  penitentiary  for  five  years; 
captured  Cunningham,  "the  diamond  thief,"  and  found  him  in  pos- 
session of  the  plunder;  Cunningham  was  sent  to  jail  pending 
trial,  but  escaped  by  walking  out  with  his  lawyer;  later  was  sent 
to  Sing  Sing  penitentiary  for  five  years. 

JOHN  F.  GIBBONS,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Chicago  in  1858;  entered 
the  force  on  December  15,  1884.     Was  in  the  Haymarket  riot. 

JACOB  GROSS,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  February  16, 
1845;  arrived  in  Chicago  1854,  and  joined  the  police  force  May  15, 
1875;  arrested  Gahgaren,  who  shot  and  killed  Joseph  Weeks  at  142 
Cornelia  street,  October  21,  1876;  was  engaged  in  the  Haymarket 
riot. 

XiOUIS  GOLDEN,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Cohoes,  Albany  county,  N. 
Y.,  July  18,  1859;  came  to  Chicago  in  1876;  joined  the  force  on 
June  13,  1883;  served  under  Captain  Hubbard  in  the  Haymarket 
riot. 


HEADQUARTERS  AND  CENTRAL  DETAIL.        471 

JOHN  GAXiLAGHER,  palrolmau;  born  at  Libertyville,  Lake  county, 
111..  18-42;  came  to  Chica<,'o  iu  1861;  entered  the  force  1872. 

JOSEPH  A.  GILSO,  patrolman;  bom  in  New  York  1849;  entered  the 
force  Dec.  15,  1884. 

PATRICK  A.  GARRITY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1857;  entered 
the  lorce  Dec.  15,  1884. 

GEORGE  "W.  HUNT,  patrolman;  assigned  to  duty  at  the  comptroller'a 
office,  the  one-armed  veteran  and  hero  of  the  lager  beer  riot,  was 
born  iu  Troy,  Vermont,  August  10,  1824.  He  came  to  Chicago  in 
1853,  and  entered  the  police  force  in  the  spring  of  1855,  being  now 
in  his  thirty-third  year  on  the  force.  He  was  a  railroad  man  iu  his 
younger  days,  running  on  the  Boston  k  Maine  road  for  six  years, 
and  on  the  Rutland  &  Burlington  three  years.  When  he  first 
entered  the  force  there  were  but  31  men  in  the  department,  and  he 
carried  the  hickory  club  and  wore  the  leather  badge  until  the  city 
attained  metropolitan  proportions.  In  this  history  the  various 
transfers  which  he  has  undergone,  his  promotions,  and  his  gallant 
conduct  in  the  lager  beer  riot  are  referred  to  under  proper  dates. 
He  has  tilled  his  present  position  in  the  comptroller's  office  as 
long  as  anybody  now  on  the  force  can  remember.  He  is  still  a 
robust  man,  and  capable  of  the  best  of  work.  [See  lager  beer 
riot.] 

THOMAS  J.  HOWARD,  patrolman,  was  born  iu  Ireland  in  1857;  came 
to  Chicago  in  18(i5,  and  entered  the  force  iu  April,  1887. 

WILLIAM  A.  HARTMAN,  patrolman,  was  born  at  Canton,  Ohio,  in 
1856;  came  to  Chicago  in  1861;  entered  the  force  December  15, 
1884;  was  detailed  at  Cottage  Grove  station  until  July  8th,  1887, 
then  transferred  to  Central  station. 

MICHAEL  HOFFMAN,  patrolman,  was  bom  in  Chicago  in  1855;  en- 
tered the  force  on  May  24,  1881. 

JOSEPH  T.  HARNOIS,  patrolman,  was  bom  in  Montreal,  Canada, 
July  9,  1842,  came  to  Chicago  iu  1847;  entered  the  police  force  Sep- 
tember 8,  1877. 

JOSEPH  A.  HILLIER,  patrolman;  bora  in  Ohio  1849;  came  to  Chicago 
1853;  entered  the  force  1880;  served  in  the  army  toward  the  close 
of  the  war;  was  at  the  battle  of  Atlanta,  and  with  Sherman  in  his 
march  to  the  sea;  was  with  Company  I  of  the  30th  Illinois  In- 
fantry, First  Brigade.  Officer  Hillier  carries  the  gold  star  as  the 
champion  rifle  shot  of  the  police  force. 

THOMAS  HAYS,  patrolman;  bora  in  Ireland  1851;  came  to  Chicago 
June  24,  1874;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1883;  arrested  William 
McMahon  Sept.  7,  1886,  for  killing  John  Maher  at  the  corner  of 
Peoria  street  and  Carroll  avenue;  prisoner  attempted  to  shoot;  was 
afterward  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  ten  years. 


472  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

JOHN  HOOLEY,  patrohnuu;  born  in  Irelaud  1845;  came  to  Chicago 
1863;  entered  the  force  March  31,  1873. 

DANIEL  HOGAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1846;  entered  the  force 

Aug.  27,  1873. 

SAMUEL  HELZE,  patrolman;  born  in  Norway  1854;  entered  the  force 
Dec.  15,  1884. 

GAEL  EDWARD  JOHNSEN,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Gottenburg, 
Sweden,  January  5,  1852;  came  to  Chicago  in  1868,  entered  the 
police  force  December  15,  1884,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  at  the 
West  Chicago  avenue  station,  where  he  remained  till  1886,  when  he 
was  transferred  to  the  Central  detail;  was  fired  upon  in  a  row  at  a 
dance  hall,  at  Indiana  and  Paulina  streets,  by  a  young  rough 
named  Edward  Orr,  whom  he  afterward  seriously  wounded;  was 
badly  beaten  by  a  crowd  of  roughs  on  Erie  street  near  Ashland 
avenue,  Sept.,  1885,  when  an  unsuccessful  attempt  was  made  to 
rescue  prisoners  whom  he  had  under  arrest;  was  in  the  company 
under  command  of  Lieut.  Quinn  on  the  night  of  May  4,  1886,  at 
the  Haymarket,  and  was  one  of  those  who  charged  the  mob  after 
the  bomb  explosion;  was  wounded  in  the  left  arm  by  a  piece  of  the 
bomb;  was  transferred  from  West  Chicago  avenue  to  the  Central 
detail  in  September,  1886. 

WILLIAM  r.  JICHLING,  patrolman,  was  bom  in  the  town  of  Lynn, 
Norfolk,  England,  on  the  7th  of  March,  1833;  was  brought  by  his 
parents  to  Canada  at  the  age  of  3;  learned  the  carpenter's  trade 
and  followed  it  in  Canada  till  1859;  came  to  the  United  States  and 
located  at  Richland,  Mich.;  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Federal  army 
and  was  assigned  to  the  44th  Illinois  Infantry  upon  his  arrival  in 
Chicago;  remained  in  the  army  till  the  close  of  the  war;  was  pro- 
moted four  times,  and  participated  in  some  of  the  bloodiest  battles 
of  the  rebellion;  was  shot  in  the  neck  and  right  knee  at  the  Battle 
of  Stone  River,  from  whence  he  was  taken  by  the  rebels  to  Libby 
prison,  where  he  was  confined  twenty-three  days;  was  paroled  and 
afterward  rejoined  his  regiment;  was  shot  in  the  left  hand  at  Mis- 
sion Ridge,  and  in  the  head  at  Chickamauga;  came  to  Chicago  in 
1865,  resuming  his  trade;  joined  the  police  force  in  1873,  served 
through  the  riot  of  '77,  and  all  the  subsequent  riots  and  strikes. 

PETER  J.  JOYCE,  patrolman,  was  born  in  the  west  of  Ireland,  April 

24, 1847;  came  to  Chicago  August  8,  1878;  entered  the  police  force 
July  23,  1883. 

WILLIAM  S.  JOHNSON,  patrolman;  born  in  Indiana  1848,  entered 
the  force  June  19,  1877. 

HERMAN  F.  E.  KRUGER,  patrolman,  was  bom  in  the  village  of 
Laase,  in  the  province  of  Pommerania,  Germany,  on  Dec.  19, 1858; 
came  to  America  in   1865,   and  resided  in  Chicago  until   1876; 


HEADQUARTERS  AND  CENTRAL  DETAIL.        473 

enlisted  in  the  16tb  U.  S.  lufantry,  Company  "K,"  and  served  five 
years  in  the  Indian  Territory  and  Texas;  was  discharged  Septem- 
ber 13,  1881 ;  returned  to  Chicago  and  entered  ihe  i)olice  force  on 
Dee.  15,  1884;  was  assigned  to  duty  at  the  West  Chicago  avenue 
station;  was  wounded  by  the  Haymarket  explosion  and  disabled 
till  October,  1886;  was  on  duty  at  the  Central  station  till  March 
30, 1887,  and  transferred  to  the  Central  detail  May  5, 1887. 

PAUL  KALLOCH,  patrolman,  was  born  in  the  village  of  Gross  Stan- 
isch,  Upper  Sileisa,  Prussia,  in  1852;  came  to  Chicago  in  1866; 
appointed  to  the  force  December  4,  1876;  performed  duty  at  West 
Chicago  avenue,  Rawson  street  and  West  Lake  street  stations;  was 
transferred  to  Central  detail  in.  1882. 

PATRICK  KENEFICK,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1837;  came  to 
Chicago  1864;  entered  the  force  September,  1870;  has  been  engaged 
in  all  the  riots  since  1877;  has  never  been  reprimanded. 

JOHN  J.  KELLY,  patrolman;  assigned  to  duty  as  vehicle  inspector; 
was  born  in  America  1854;  entered  the  force  March  14,  1881. 

PETER  KELLY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1857;  entered  the  force 
Dec.  15,  1884. 

JOHN  C.  KEENAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Illinois  1857;  entered  the 
force  December  15,  1884. 

JAMES  LENNON,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Brockville,  Ontario.  Canada^ 
in  1837;  came  to  Chicago  in  1854,  and  entered  the  force  in  1872. 

PATRICK  LAVIN,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Ireland  March  10,  1843;. 
came  to  Chicago  May,  1868;  entered  police  force  in  March,  1875; 
was  in  the  fight  on  theHalsted  street  viaduct  in  the  riot  of  '77;  also 
in  the  Haymarket  affair. 

WILLIAM  LYONNAIS,  patrolman;  born  in  Montreal  1851;  came  to 
Chicago  March  17,  1866;  entered  the  force  August  1. 1882. 

HERMAN  MEYER,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Germany  in  1840;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1857,  and  entered  the  force  March  4,  1872. 

PATRICK  McGOVERN,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1851; 
came  to  Chicago  June,  1859;  entered  the  force  April,  1880. 

SIMON  McMAHON  patrolman,  was  born  in  the  County  Clare.  Ireland, 
on  August  15, 1850;  came  to  the  United  States  with  his  parents  in 
1853;  lived  in  the  state  of  New  York  till  1857,  when  the  family 
moved  to  Palos,  Cook  county,  Illinois;  educated  in  a  district 
school;  came  to  Chicago  at  the  age  of  16,  and  worked  in  the  North 
Chicago  rolling  mills  for  15  years;  went  into  the  grocery  business 
on  North  Ashland  avenue,  and  sold  out  in  1884;  entered  the  force 
in  December  of  that  year,  being  assigned  to  the  North  avenue  sta- 
tion; served  under  Lieut.  Quinn  at  the  Haymarket  riot,  receiving 


474  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

wounda  which  disabled  him  for  three  months;  carries  three  pieces 
of  lead  in  his  limbs  yet,  as  a  result  of  the  fusilade  on  that  night; 
was  transterred  to  the  Central  detail,  and  is  assi^jned  to  dnty  at 
the  intersection  of  Lake  and  Canal  streets  and  Milwaukee  avenue; 
has  made  many  important  arrests  and  is  looked  upon  as  a  most  ef- 
ficient officer. 

G.  H.  McHUGH,  patrolman,  was  bom  in  Ireland  in  1844;  came  to  New 
York  in  1862  and  joined  the  U.  S.  navy,  serving?  for  one  year;  came 
to  CUicago  in  1864,  and  entered  the  force  in  November,  1P72. 

MICHAEL  McKAY,  patrolman;  born  iu  the  County  of  Tipperary,  Ire- 
land, 1856;  came  to  Chicago  in  1880;  entered  the  force  December, 
1884. 

JOHN  C.  MORRIS,  patrolman;  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y..  1846;  came 
to  Chicago  July,  1874;  entered  the  force  February,  1882;  was 
assigned  to  duty  at  22d  street  and  remained  there  until  transferred 
to  the  Central  detail;  was  in  the  Haymarket  affair,  under  Lieut. 
Hubbard;   was  slightly  wounded  and  had  uniform  torn. 

BERNARD  J.  MURPHY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1857;  came  to 
Chicago  1884;  entered  the  force  Dec.  15,  1884;  was  in  the  second 
company  at  the  Haymarket  riot,  and  was  shot  in  the  right  side  of 
the  head,  over  the  temple;  a  piece  of  the  shell  entered  his  right 
thigh,  and  he  was  wounded  also  by  a  fragment  in  the  chm. 

PETER  MURPHY,  patrolman;  born  in  Kingston,  Ontario,  1847;  came 
to  Chicago  1866;  entered  the  force  1883. 

MICHAEL  MURPHY,  patrolman;  assigned  to  duty  as  inspector  of  ve- 
hicles; born  in  Ireland  1835;  came  to  Chicago  1850;  entered  the 
force  March  12,  1867. 

MATTHEW  H.  McGUIRK,  patrolman;  born  in  Scotland  1843;  came  to 
Chicago  August,  1868;  entered  the  force  March  12,  1873. 

MICHAEL  MADDEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Illinois  1860;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1875;  entered  the  force  December  15, 1884.  Officer  Madden 
met  a  leading  anarchist  named  August  Krueger  the  evening  after 
the  Haymarket  riot,  about  6  o'clock  p.  m.,  on  the  corner  of  Fulton 
and  Desplaines  streets.  Krueger  fired  a  shot  and  entered  Schroe- 
der's  saloon  at  the  above  corner.  Officer  Madden  followed  him 
into  the  saloon  and  asked  him  about  the  shooting.  Krueger,  with- 
out saying  a  word,  fired  again,  shooting  Madden  through  the  left 
breast  under  the  collar  bone.  Although  seriously  woimded  Mad- 
den took  hold  of  Krueger  and  brought  him  out  on  the  sidewalk 
where  a  desperate  struggle  ensued.  Krueger  made  ready  for 
another  shot  when  Madden  discliarged  a  pistol,  the  ball  of  which 
entered  Krueger's  left  breast.  Both  were  taken  to  the  county  hos- 
pital. Krueger  died  three  days  later.  Officer  Madden  slowly  re- 
covered, but  carries  the  linllet  in  his  breast  now. 


IIEADQUAIITEKS    AND    CENTRAL    DETAIL.  475' 

JAMES  MITCHELJj,  piitrolmau;  born  at  Fox  Lake,  lUiuois,  April  7. 
1859;  curae  to  Cliicajro  October,  1870;  entered  the  force  June  l:}, 
1883;  assijjned  to  duty  at  Desplaiues  street,  remaining  there  until 
May  1,  1886,  then  was  transferred  to  the  Central  detail;  partici- 
pated in  the  Hay  market  riot, 

PETER  McCORMICK,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  1850;  entered  the 
force  December  15, 1884. 

DENNIS  McCORMICK,  patrolman;  Ixjrn  in  Massachusetts  1848;  en- 
tered the  force  June  30,  1883. 

JOHN  J.  McNULTY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1859;  entered  the 
force  December  15,  1884. 

THOMAS  MURPHY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland;  entered  the  force 
June  19, 1867. 

JOHN  MORNEISER,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany;  entered  the  force 
Sept.  18,  1877. 

MICHAEL  MANNING,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1853;  entered  the 
force  June  13,  1883. 

THOMAS  NOONAlNT,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1850;  entered  the  force 
April  2,  1872. 

JOHN  J.  O'DONNELL,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1852;  entered  the 
force  December  15,  1881, 

JAMES  T.  O'DONNELL,  patrolman,  was  bom  in  Chicago  in  1860;  en- 
tered the  force  in  1884. 

JAMES  O'BRIEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1844;  came  to  Chicago 
1871;  entered  the  force  December  14,  1874. 

DENNIS  O'CONNOR,  patrolman;  born  in  the  County  Tipperary,  Ire- 
land, 1858;  came  to  Chicago  1878;  entered  the  force  December  16». 
1884. 

WALTER  O'DONNELL,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1851;  entered  the 

force  July  19,  1883. 

MICHAEL  O'DONNELL,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to 
Chicago  1870;  entered  the  force  June  2,  1882. 

MICHAEL  O'HALLORAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1851;  came  to 
Chicago  1869;  entered  the  force  1881. 

PATRICK  O'REGAN,  patrolman ;  bom  in  Ireland  1845 ;  entered  the 
force  January  18,  1S7G. 

JOHN  O'CONNOR,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chicago 
1876;  entered  the  force  1884. 

OLIVER  PETERSON,  patrolman;  born  in  Sweden  1848;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1868;  entered  the  force  Sept.  13,  1873. 


476  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

GEORGE  PERRY,  patrol iii an;  born  in  America  1851;  entered  the  force 
October  15,  1884. 

B.  H.  REED,  patrolman;  born  in  South  Durham,  Canada  East,  1859; 

came  to  Chicago  April  7,  1879;  entered  the  force  December  15, 
1884;  served  in  the  West  Side  street-car  riot,  the  McCormick 
troubles  and  the  Haymarket  riot. 

•EDWARD  J.  RYAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1847;  entered  the 
force  1867. 

CHARLES  P.  REVERE,  patrolman;  born  in  California  1859;  entered 
the  force  December  15,  1884. 

J.  REARDON,  patrolman;  born  in  Illinois  1848;  entered  the  force  De- 
cember 21, 1884. 

MARTIN  RINTZ,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Bavaria  in  1842,  came  to  Chi- 
cago August  15,  1860,  and  entered  the  force  December  16,  1876. 

JOHN  RICHARDSON,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Odeltown,  Canada,  in 
1839;  came  to  Chicago  in  1851,  and  entered  the  force  March  29, 
1871. 

MARTIN  D.  RINGROSE,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1850; 
came  to  Chicago  in  1855,  and  entered  the  force  in  October,  1873. 

JOHN  M.  SCOTT,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Plymouth,  N.  Y..  in  1850; 
came  to  Chicago  in  April,  1871;  entered  the  force  October  4,  1873, 
and  went  on  duty  at  the  Union  street  station,  serving  there  for 
eighteen  months;  was  transferred  to  Central  station,  and  resigned 
July  31st,  1879;  re-entered  the  force  May  10,  1887. 

WILLIAM  STENERNAGEL,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Germany  in 
1838;  came  to  Chicago  in  1852;  entered  the  force  September  12, 
1875;  arrested  Isaac  Jacobson,  murderer  of  George  Bedell,  on  April 
29, 1884. 

EREEMAN  STEELE,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Canada  in  1864;  came 
to  Chicago  m  1869;  entered  the  force  September  11,  1885;  was 
wounded  in  the  Haymarket  riot  May  4,  1886;  supposed  to  be 
youngest  man  on  the  force. 

SOLOMON  C.  STEELE,  patrolman;  born  in  Orange  county,  N.  Y., 
January  5,  1848;  joined  the  8th  Iowa  volunteers  in  1865;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1874,  entered  the  force  in  May,  1882;  was  in  the  Hay- 
market riot. 

C.  A.  SPENCER,  patrolman,  was  bom  in  England  in  1842;  came  to  Chi- 

cago in  1863;  entered  the  police  force  in  lH7f* 

WALTER  A.  SARGEANT,  patrolman;  born  in   America;  entered  the 

force  April  29,  1872. 
NICHOLAS  H.  STAHL,  patrolman;  born  at  Galena,  111.,  1858;  came  to 

Chicago  September  15,  1872;  entered  the  force  October  18,  1879. 


HEADQUARTERS  AND  CENTRAL  DETAIL.        477 

Assisted  in  killiuj^  the  uotorious  desijerado,  Bill  Allen,  who  mur- 
dered Police  Officer  Wright;  also  participated  in  the  Haymarket 
riot. 

FEEDERICK  SOMMER,  patrolman;  born  in  Switzerland  1844;  came 
to  Chicago  1865;  entered  the  police  force  1877. 

BENJAMIN  F.  SCHNELL,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1850;  entered 
the  force  December  15,  1884. 

MARCELI  SCHOENFELD,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1847;  entered 
the  force  September  9,  1874 

MORRIS  SAUIS,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1841;  entered  the  police 
force  December  15,  1884. 

CHRISTOPHER  SEIBER,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  Aug.  17, 1876. 

JAMES  SHORT,  patrolman;  born  in  America  1842;  entered  the  force 
September  24,  1872. 

WILLIAM  SLEETH ;  entered  the  force  February  5,  1885. 

PETER  TRENLIEB,  patrolman;  born  at  Liban,  Russia,  1832;  came  to 
Chicago  1854;  entered  the  force  June  15,  1869;  was  formerly  a 
vessel  captain. 

D.  F.  TIERNEY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chicago 
1876;  entered  the  force  1882. 

PATRICK  TULLT,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1854;  entered  the  force 
December  15, 1884. 

FITCH  A.  TAYLOR,  patrolman;  bom  in  America  1849;  entered  the 
force  July  12,  1873. 

PATRICK  J.  WARD,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1856;  entered  the 
force  October  14,  1882. 

JOHN  A.  WEBER,  patrolman;  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1855;  came  to 
Chicago  1857;  entered  the  force  December  31,  1874;  has  done  ex- 
cellent service  as  a  crossing  oflBcer,  having  saved  a  large  number  of 
ladies  and  children,  and  even  men,  from  severe  bodily  injury,  and, 
in  one  or  two  instances,  from  death;  was  in  the  McCormick  and 
Haymarket  riots,  and  at  the  latter  affair  stood  within  six  feet  of 
the  spot  where  the  bomb  exploded;  has  made  many  important  ar- 
rests, and  is  looked  upon  as  a  most  efficient  officer. 

JOHN  B.  WATHIER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Woltz,  Luxemburg,  1859; 
came  to  Chicago  in  July,  1865;  entered  the  force  December,  1884. 

CHARLES  W.  WASSMTJND,  patrolman;  bom  in  Prussia,  Germany, 
1844;  came  to  Chicago  1860;  entered  the  force  1872. 

HENRY  WALPER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1835;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1854;  entered  the  force  1874. 


4:78  THE     CHICAGO    POLICE. 


CHAPTER   XXIV. 

THE  FIRST  PEECINCT,  CAPTAIN  WILLIAM  BUCKLEY  COMMANDING— THE 
OLD  ARMORY  AND  THE  NEW  —  THE  SCHOOL  OF  NEARLY  ALL  THE 
ABLEST  AND  OLDEST  POLICE  OFFICERS— HISTORY  OF  THE  STATION  IN 
WHICH  THE  LEADING  POLICEMEN  OF  CHICAGO  HAVE  BEEN  DEVEL- 
OPED—ADVERSITIES OF  THE  PRECINCT  —  BURNT  DOWN,  RE-BUILT, 
MOVED,  REFITTED,  REMOVED.  BUT  STILL  "THE  ARMORY"  AND  HEAD- 
QUARTERS IN  CHICAGO'S  POLICE  GEOGRAPHY— THE  ROSTER. 

The  first  precinct  includes  the  Harrison  street,  Twenty- 
second  street,  Cottage  Grove  avenue,  Thirty-fifth  street  and 
Stanton  avenue  districts,  and  is  commanded  by  Capt.  William 
Buckley,  with  headquarters  at  the  Harrison  street  or  Armory 
station.  The  history  of  the  Armory  station,  old  or  new, 
is  traced  very  completely  in  this  volume.  When  the  fire 
had  swept  away  the  Armory  building  on  Franklin  street,  it 
was  undergoing  repairs,  and  the  South  Side  headquarters 
were  located  in  the  old  Bridewell,  at  Polk  and  Wells  streets 
(Fifth  avenue).  After  the  fire  the  headquarters  were  shifted 
to  a  frame  school  house  on  the  corner  of  Harrison  street  and 
Pacific  avenue  (present  location),  and  then  moved  to  another 
building  close  by,  while  the  present  structure  was  being 
erected.  The  station,  which  also  accommodates  a  police 
court,  the  rogues'  gallery,  a  drill  room,  armory  and  sleeping 
quarters,  is  one  of  the  largest  and  best  equipped  in  the 
city.  It  is  located  in  the  heart  of  a  section  for  many  years 
recognized  as  the  slums  of  the  city — with  "  Biler  "  avenue, 
Fourth  avenue,  South  Clark  and  South  State  streets — the 
"Levee"  and  '-Cheyenne," — contributing  to  police  annals 
about  two-thirds  of  all  the  crimes  committed  in  Chicago. 
The  station  has  always  been  a  prominent  one,  being  the 
parent  of  all  the  South  Side  stations,  except  the  Central  de- 
tail,  which  is   under  command  of  Captain  Hubbard.      The 


WILLIAM    BUCKLEY, 
Capt.   Comdi^.   First  Precinct. 


THE    FIKST    rrvECINCT,  479 

district  cared  for  by  tlio  Central  detail  in  the  day  time  is 
covered  by  the  Harrison  street  station  at  night. 

WILLIAM  BUCKLEY,  captain  commanding  the  first  precinct,  was 
born  in  the  County  Waterford,  Ireland,  in  1832,  and  came  to  this 
country  in  1852;  he  worked  in  an  iron  foundry  in  New  York  City 
for  a  year;  farmed  on  Long  Island  for  a  couple  of  years,  and  came 
to  Chicago  in  the  spring  of  1857,  arriving  here  about  the  time  the 
place  became  incorporated  as  a  city;  after  engaging  in  various 
honorable  pursuits  here,  he  entered  the  police  force  in  April,  1865, 
being  assigned  to  the  old  Armory  station,  and  serving  as  patrolman 
until  1867,  when  he  became  a  roiuidsman;  he  was  then  promoted 
to  be  desk  sergeant  and  lock-up  keeper;  was  promoted  to  a  lieu- 
tenancy by  the  board  of  police  commissioners  in  1870,  and  in  1873 
was  appointed  captain  to  succeed  Capt.  M.  C.  Hickey,  who  had  re- 
signed, owing  to  trouble  with  Superintendent  Washburn;  in  1877 
Capt.  Buckley  was  removed  by  the  influence  of  officials  who  were 
at  enmity  with  him,  but  he  re-entered  the  force  as  a  patrolman 
later  on,  and  Mayor  Harrison  promoted  him  rapidly  until  in  1879 
he  had  secured  his  old  position;  he  was  shifted  around  for  some 
time,  but  finally  landed  at  the  Armory,  with  which  he  had  been 
so  long  identified.    [See  biography].    See  Chapter  XVIII. 

JOHN  BYENE,  lieutenant  of  police,  Harrison  street  district,  was  bom 
at  Oran,  in  the  County  Roscommon,  Ireland,  1849;  came  to  Chi- 
cago, 1867,  and  entered  the  force  July,  1870;  he  was  promoted  to  a 
lieutenancy  Oct.  1,  1874,  and  assigned  to  duty  at  the  West  Madi- 
son*street  station  and  commanded  that  district  for  one  year;  was 
then  transferred  to  the  Armory,  from  thence  to  Deering  street,  at 
which  place  he  remained  in  charge  for  six  years,  and  was  finally 
transferred  back  to  the  Armory  in  May,  1887.  When  Capt.  Buck- 
ley, Sam  Ellis,  Fitzpatrick  and  others  were  removed  from  the 
force,  under  Mayor  Heath's  administration,  Lieut.  Byrne  was 
among  the  number,  but,  like  the  others,  he  soon  found  his  way 
back.  He  has  proved  himself  to  be  a  brave  and  spirited  officer  on 
many  occasions;  has  had  numerous  hair-breadth  escapes,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  popular  men  on  the  force. 

EDWARD  LAUGHLIN,  lieutenant  of  police,  Harrison  street  district, 
was  born  at  Castle  Island,  Cotmty  Kerry,  Ireland,  in  1843;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1862,  and  entered  the  force  March  1,  1872.  Before  en- 
tering the  force  he  had  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Pittsburg  & 
Fort  Wayne  Rtiilroad  Company,  and  on  coming  to  Chicago  took  a 
position  in  the  freight  yards  of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road Company.  For  a  time  he  steamboated  on  the  Mississippi;  he 
returned  to  Chicago,  when  he  entered  the  employment  of  Merritt 
&  Bacon,  86  and  88  South  Water  street,  as  a  shipping  and  receiv- 
ing clerk.    He  visited  California,  but  came  back,  determined  upon 

37 


480  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

Bettling  down  here.  His  police  record  is  a  long  and  creditable 
one,  and  be  stands  liigb  in  the  estimation  of  his  superiors  and  as- 
^  sociates.  Like  all  other  commanding  officers  at  the  Armory,  he 
has  seen  some  very  rough  service,  but  has  always  borne  himself 
bravely. 

DANIEL  HOGAN,  desk  sergeant,  was  bom  in  the  County  Clare,  Ire- 
laud,  in  1813;  came  to  Chicago  in  1866,  and  entered  the  force  Sep- 
tember 15,  1873,  Sergeant  Hogan  received  the  advantages  of  a 
splendid  English  education  in  the  cities  of  Dublin  and  Waterford, 
and  taught  "the  young  idea  how  to  shoot"  in  his  native  country, 
and  afterward  in  this.  He  taught  school  in  Lamont  and  Palos 
in  this  county.  After  joining  the  force,  he  was  raised  to  the  posi- 
tion of  station  keeper  and  assigned  to  the  Cottage  Grove  avenue 
station,  but  was  soon  transferred  to  the  Armory,  where  his  re- 
markable qualifications  fit  him  for  the  arduous  duties  which  he  is 
called  upon  to  perform  there.  He  is  one  of  the  most  enthusiastic 
supporters  of  the  Policemen's  Benevolent  Association,  and  the 
fact  that  he  is  the  secretary  of  this  commendable  organization 
shows  that  he  is  held  in  the  highest  esteem  by  his  associates. 

PATEICK  O'BRIEN,  desk  sergeant,  was  born  in  Peterborough,  Onta- 
rio, 1851;  came  to  Chicago  1859,  and  entered  the  force  July, 
1882.  He  has  been  a  most  successful  burglar  hunter,  having  sent 
many  members  of  the  dark  fraternity  to  Joliet,  where  he  has  two 
men  serving  for  20  years,  and  almost  twenty  others  for  various 
terms;  traveled  in  plain  clothes  for  three  years;  arrested  Hall,  a 
Cincinnati  man,  for  the  murder  of  a  negro ;  has  been  desk  sergeant 
for  eighteen  months.  Sergeant  O'Brien  is  still  quite  young,  and 
the  probabilities  are  that  he  has  not  yet  mounted  as  high  as  he  is 
destined  to  reach. 

CHARLES  P.  ARADO,  patrolman;  born  in  New  Orleans  1859;  came  to 
Chicago  1859;  entered  the  force  1884. 

THOMAS  BARRETT,  lock-up  keeper;  born  in  County  Meath,  Ireland 
1827;  came  to  Chicago  1855;  entered  the  force  1856;  was  police  con- 
stable in  1864;  in  1868  was  promoted  to  sergeant;  was  two  years 
at  the  old  Armory,  then  transferred  to  Cottage  Grove  avenue  sta- 
tion, and  had  charge  until  1880,  when  transferred  here  and  has 
been  lock-up  keeper  since. 

MATTHEW  BLACKBURN,  patrolman;  born  in  Lincoln,  111.,  1857; 
came  to  Chicago  August,  1882;  entered  the  force  July,  1885. 

EDWARD  BURNS,  patrolman;  bom  in  Elgin,  111.,  1859;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1880;  entered  the  force  August  1,  1887. 

JAMES  H.  BUCKLEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago,  111.,  1858;  entered 
the  force  July  1, 1876. 


THE    FIRST    PKECINCT.  481 

JOHN  BROUGHTON,  patrolman;  bora  in  Ireland  1862;  came  to  Chi- 
cago laSO;  enterod  the  force  July  2,  1887. 

LAWRENCE  BUCKLEY,  patrolman;  born  in  London,  Enf,'iand,  1852; 
came  to  Chica^fo  June,  1808;  entered  the  force  June,  1887. 

JOHN  COAKLEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1859;  entered  the 
force  December,  1885. 

JOHN  COLEMAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Wisconsin  1853;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1876;  entered  the  force  1884. 

D.  J.  COUGHLIN,  patrolman;  born  in  Illinois  1852 ;  came  to  Chicago 
March  1,  1872;  entered  the  force  August  1,  1878. 

LAWRENCE  COOGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Haden\-ille,  Mass.,  1855; 
came  to  Chicago  1856;  entered  the  force  July  22,  1887. 

JOHN  COX,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1856;  came  to  Chicago  Au- 
gust, 1878;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

THOMAS  DUFFY,  patrolman;  born  in  Samsburough,  Minn.,  1863; 
came  to  Chicago  April,  1879;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884; 
in  1885  arrested  the  notorious  highwayman,  William  Barry;  was  in 
the  street-car  strike  of  1885;  has  made  many  important  arrests. 

DANIEL  DOHUY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to  Chicago 
July,  1876;  entered  the  force  June,  1883. 

WM.  J.  DRIVER,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1857;  entered  the  force 
June  3,  1887. 

DANIEL  O.  DONOVAN,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Waterford,  Ireland, 
1858;  came  to  Chicago  January,  1877;  entered  the  force  June, 
1883. 

MARTIN  FRENCH,  patrolman;  born  in  Kentucky  1853;  came  to  Chi- 
cago May,  1868;  entered  the  force  1882. 

MICHAEL  FITZGERALD,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1861;  came 
to  Chicago  September,  1881;  entered  the  force  December,  1884. 

JOHN  FOGARTY,  patrolman;  bom  in  New  Britain,  Conn.,  1856;  came 
to  Chicago  March,  1874;  entered  the  force  April  15,  1887. 

EDWARD  FLYNN,  patrolman;  born  in  Janesville,  Wis.,  1855;  came 
to  Chicago  1875;  entered  the  force  April  19,  1886. 

WILLIAM  GANEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1862;  entered  the 
force  June  3,  1887. 

EDWARD  HEALY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1862;  came  to  Chicago 
1880;  entered  the  force  April  13,  1887. 

PATRICK  McQUAID,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1862;  came  to  Chi- 
cago May,  1878;  entered  the  force  January  1,  1885. 


482  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE, 

JAMES  MADDEN,  patrolman;  born  in  England  1857;  came  to  Chicago 
June,  1869;  entered  the  force  September,  1882. 

EDWARD  McGRATH,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1847;  came  to  Chi- 
cafjo  May,  1880;  entered  the  force  October,  1880. 

MICHAEL  J.  MURTHA,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  City  1856; 
came  to  Chicago  1880;  entered  the  force  1884. 

PATRICK  M.  MURPHY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1859;  entered  the 
force  1885. 

JOHN  J.  MULCAHY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1858;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1864;  entered  the  force  September  9.  1887. 

JAMES  McGINNIS,  patrolman;  borninGreenBay,  Wis.,  1860;  came  to 
Chicago  June,  1877;  entered  the  force  December  15, 1884;  Septem- 
ber 20,  1887,  arrested  Thos.  White  (colored),  for  the  mixrder  of 
Harry  Woodson,  alias  ''Black  Diamond;"  September  25,  1886, 
arrested  Harry  Moherman,  alias  John  Schroder,  a  confidence 
operator,  who  is  now  in  the  penitentiary. 

TIMOTHY  MURPHY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1860;  came  to  Chi- 
cago November,  1876;  entered  the  force  December,  1884. 

THOMAS  MULCAHY,patrolman;  born  in  County  Limerick,  Ireland, 
1854;  came  to  Chicago  November,  1880;  entered  the  force  1883; 
rescued  a  man  from  drowning  in  the  lake;  arrested  two  men  for 
burglary,  and  one  for  robbery;  all  are  serving  terms  in  the  peniten- 
tiary. 

JOHN  MEEHAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1836;  came  to  Chicago 
1855;  entered  the  force  August,  1870;  during  the  fire  of  1871, 
rescued  four  persons  from  a  building  adjoining  Arcade  Court,  one 
of  whom  he  conveyed  to  the  St.  Luke's  liospital,with  the  assistance 
of  an  expressman;  in  the  strikes  of  1877  he  had  some  thrilling 
experiences  with  twenty-five  specials  at  Turner  Hall;  in  1878 
during  a  fire  in  a  dye  house  on  Michigan  Ave.,  rescued  four  per- 
sons, carried  an  old  woman  down  a  stairway  and  guided  a  man 
through  the  smoke  at  the  same  time,  the  other  two  by  encouraging 
them  to  jump  from  windows  and  he  would  break  the  fall,  which  he 
did  successfully;  also  several  people  on  the  Lake  Front  who  at- 
tempted suicide  by  drowning. 

CHARLES  A,  PALMER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Palmyra,  Wayne  Co.,  N, 
Y.,  1826;  came  to  Chicago  1872;  entered  the  force  April,  1879. 

MICHAEL  P.  QUIGLEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Scotland  1859;  came  to 
Chicago  September,  1872;  entered  the  force  March  4, 1884. 

STEPHEN  ROWAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1839;  came  to  Chi- 
cago September,  1862;  entered  the  force  October  1.  187^ 


THE    FIRST    PEECINCT.  488 

JOHN  T.  RAFFERTY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  18G1;  entered  the 
force  December,  1884. 

JOHN  STRATTON,  patrohnan;  born  in  Davenport,  Iowa,  1855; 
came  to  Chicaf^o  1875;  entered  the  force  June  2,  1887. 

MATHIAS  J.  SCHWEIG,  patrohnan;  born  in  Luxemburg,  Germany, 
1851;  came  to  Chicago  1855;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

JOHN  P.  SCHUMACHER,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1854;  entered 
the  force  December  15,  1884. 

JAMES  M.  SWIFT,  patrolman;  born  in  Kingston  1853;  came  to  Chi- 
cago June  1,  1877;  entered,  the  force  April  15, 1887. 

MICHAEL  SWAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Cork  City,  Ireland,  1854;  came 
to  Chicago  1880;  entered  the  force  April,  1887. 

DANIEL  SHEA,  patrolman;  bom  in  Nova  Scotia  1858;  came  to  Chicago 
1860;  entered  the  force  September  17,  1887. 

WILLIAM  F.  SMITH,  patrolman;  born  in  Ohio  1856;  came  to  Chicago 
October  21,  1872;  entered  the  force  July  11,  1882;  was  engaged 
in  the  street-car  strike  of  1885;  also  the  Haymarket  riot  of  1886; 
was  promoted  to  a  detective  in  July,  1887. 

JAMES  SHANLEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1837 ;  came  to  Chicago 
1852;  entered  the  force  March  14,  1870. 

MATHIAS  STEFFENS,  patrolman;  born  in  Joliet,  111.,  1864;  came  to 
Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  March  4,  1887. 

EDWARD  J.  TALBOT,  patrolman;  born  in  Waterford,  Ireland.  1848; 
came  to  Chicago  1867;  entered  the  force  June,  1883;  in  July,  1884, 
arrested  Fred  Pickard  for  the  murder  of  Thomas  Ashley  in  the 
Pacific  Block,  cor.  Clark  and  Van  Bureu  Sts. ;  Pickard  was  sen- 
tenced to  nine  years  in  the  penitentiary. 

H.  R.  WARD,  patrolman;  bom  in  Plymouth, Rock  Co.,  Wis.,  1857;  came 
to  Chicago  1881;  entered  the  force  June,  1886. 

JOHN  G.  WALLNER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1862;  entered  the 
force  March  1, 1887. 

PATRICK  WALSH,  patrolman;  bom  in  County  Sligo,  Ireland,  1846; 
came  to  Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  1882;  since  1886  has  been 
on  duty  in  citizen's  clothes. 

MICHAEL  WHITE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1836;  came  to  Chicago 
in  1852;  entered  the  force  March,  1868. 

Twenty-Second  Street  Station,  corner  of  Wentworth 
avenue  and  Twenty-second  street,  is  one  of  the  old- 
est   sub-stations   in    this    city,    its    establishment    dating 


484  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

back  to  the  old  times  of  the  department.  Its  early 
history  is  referred  to  elsewhere.  The  district  patrolled  by 
the  force  of  this  station  is  bounded  north,  from  Halsted 
street  to  Lake  Michigan,  by  the  south  branch  of  the  Chicago 
River  and  tlie  Union  Railroad  track  near  Sixteenth  street; 
on  the  east,  from  Sixteenth  tt)  Twenty-second  street,  by  Lake 
Michigan,  and,  from  Twenty-second  to  Thirty-first  street,  by 
State  street;  on  the  south,  from  Lake  Michigan  to  State 
street  by  Twenty-second  street,  and  from  State  to  Halsted 
street  by  Thirty-first  street;  on  the  west,  from  Thirty-first 
street  to  the  south  branch  of  the  Chicago  River,  by  Halsted 
street.  The  district  embraces  an  area  of  about  one  and  five- 
eighths  square  miles,  and  contains  a  population  estimated 
(in  1887)  at  05,000. 

AUGUST  C.  ARCH,  lieutenant  of  police,  commanding  Twenty-second 
street  district,  was  born  January  21,  1843,  in  the  city  of  Erfurt, 
Prussia;  came  to  America  at  the  age  of  five,  and  from  New  York 
his  family  moved  direct  to  the  state  of  Wisconsin,  remaining  there 
until  he  was  21;  worked  on  his  father's  farm  in  Columbia  county; 
went  into  the  timber  country,  where  he  worked  for  some  time,  and 
in  1864  enlisted  m  Company  M,  1st  Wis.  Light  Artillery,  under 
Col.  Meserve,  of  Milwaukee,  and  was  sent  to  join  the  22d  army 
corps;  the  company  was  sent  to  Fort  Lyons,  Va.,  where  it  remained 
engaged  in  the  defense  of  Washington,  remaining  in  this  position 
until  the  close  of  the  war;  mustered  out  July,  1865,  at  the  grand 
review  of  the  army  in  Washington;  after  the  war  rettimed  to  the 
Wisconsin  woods  and  engaged  in  "  logging,"  rafting  in  the  spring 
to  St.  Louis;  came  to  Chicago  July,  1866,  but  did  not  remain; 
settled  here  November  of  the  same  year,  and  entered  the  force 
September  13,  1873,  being  assigned  to  the  Twenty-second  street 
station,  remaining  there  till  Nov.  10,  1876,  when  he  was  promoted 
to  patrol  sergeant ;  transferred  to  Cottage  Grove  station,  where  he 
remained  till  Nov.  20,  1882;  transferred  to  Central  detail  and  re- 
mained there  till  May  22,  1883;  transferred  to  Harrison  street, 
remaining  there  till  February  22,  1884,  when  he  was  sent  to  the 
East  Chicago  avenue  station  as  acting  lieutenant,  vice  Lieutenant 
Heinzeman,  resigned,  remaining  in  that  capacity  till  April  22, 
when  he  was  transferred  to  Harrison  street  and  appointed  full 
lieutenant,  and  on  May  10,  1887,  was  transferred  to  the  Central 
detail,  where  he  remained  till  Sept.  10,  1887,  when  he  was  assigned 
to  his  present  position ;  was  actively  engaged  in  the  suppression 
of  the  lumber  shovers'  riot  in  1876,  with  Sergeant  Fitzpatrick;  in 


THE    FIRST    PRECINCT.  485 

1877  be  was  detailed  withtweuty-five  men  to  Twenty-second  street 
for  emergency  service,  and  instructed  to  keep  that  district  under 
control;  met  the  crowd  after  the  bridge  had  been  swung  open  by 
the  mob  on  Halsted  street,  to  prevent  the  passage  of  the  police, 
and  drove  the  rioters  from  Archer  avenue  south  on  Halsted,  one 
of  the  h  ittest  fights  of  the  week;  in  the  fall  of  '77,  Thanksgiv- 
ing Day,  spotted  the  notorit)us  "  Sheoney  "  George  and  recovered 
S6,000  worth  of  stutt'  which  his  gang  had  stolen.  "Sheoney" 
George  was  confined  in  jail  until  the  following  August,  and  shortly 
after  occurred  the  brutal  murder  of  Officer  Race,  in  which  he  was 
deeply  implicated;  arrested  George  Adams,  burglar,  who  had  ter- 
rorized the  residents  of  the  Cottage  Grove  district,  on  Nov.  25, 
1879,  and  sent  him  to  the  penitentiary  for  five  years;  arrested  mem- 
bers of  a  gang  of  West  Side  burglars  and  sent  them  to  the  peni- 
tentiary for  twenty  years  under  the  habitual  crimiuars  act;  arrested 
the  negro  burglars  of  Butterfield  street,  and  was  cut  over  the  eye 
by  a  drunken  man  on  Clark  street,  Nov.  5,  1885.  Lieut.  Arch  is 
one  of  the  most  intelligent  men  on  the  force,  and  a  brave  and  dis- 
creet officer. 

JOSEPH  LEONARD,  patrol  sergeant,was  born  in  Ireland  in  1843;  came 
to  Chicago  in  1858,  and  entered  the  force  in  1873;  participated  in 
the  riot  in  the  lumber  district  in  1876;  also  in  the  riot  of  1877; 
arrested  Rebel  George,  who  was  taken  to  Yankton,  Dak.,  where  he 
was  wanted  for  miirder  ;  assisted  in  the  arrest  of  Sam  Fielden  for 
complicity  in  the  Haymarket  massacre. 

JOSEPH  W.  CARY,  desk  sergeant,  was  born  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  in  1841; 
came  to  Chicago  in  May,  1857,  and  entered  the  force  December  17, 
1874;  participated  in  the  riot  of  1876  in  the  lumber  district,  also  in 
the  great  riot  of  1877;  appointed  desk  sergeant  at  Twenty-second 
street  station,  February  11,  1879. 

TIMOTHY  BARRETT,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1843;  came  to  Chi- 
cago May,  1865;  entered  the  force  July  11,  1873.  June,  1875, 
arrested  John  Lawlor  and  William  Smith  for  burglary;  they  were 
both  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  five  years;  was  in  the  railroad 
strike  of  1877;  shot  through  the  hat  by  a  party  of  rioters  on  Halsted 
street  bridge. 

CHARLES  BACHLE,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1859;  came  to  Chi- 
cago October,  1881 ;  entered  the  force  August,  1887. 

BEN  J.  BRACE,  patrolman;  born  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  1851;  came  to  Chicago 
May,  1876;  entered  the  force  June  30,  1886;  assigned  to  Harrison 
street  station;  transferred  to  Twenty-second  street  station,  1887. 

WILLIAM  CORCORAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to 
Chicago  1869;  entered  the  force  June  9,  1885. 


48(>  THE    CHICAGO    I'OLICE. 

ROBERT  A.  DAVI8,  patrolman;  boru  in  Canada  1862;  came  to  Chicago 

187S;  entered  the  force  July,  1886. 

JOHN  J.  DUFFY,  patrolman;  born  in  Oydensburg,  N.  Y.,  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  March,  1872;  entered  the  force  December  29,  1884;  was  in 
the  etreet-car  strike  of  1885,  the  McCormick's  and  Haymarket  riots 
of  1886. 

MICHAEL  S.  FINECIAN,  patrolman:  boru  iu  Ireland  1850;  came  to 
Chicago  June,  1867;  entered  the  force  January  3,  1883;  arrested 
Thomas  Collins,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  switchmen's  strike,  on  November  4, 1886,  for  attempting 
to  wreck  a  passenger  train  at  Archer  ave. 

JOHN  FITZaERALD,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1842;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1870;  entered  the  force  1877. 

TIMOTHY  J.  FOLEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1848;  came  to 
Chicago  1867;  entered  the  force  1882. 

MICHAEL  F.  GOLDEN,  patrolman;  boru  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  1856; 
came  to  Chicago  January,  1883;  entered  the  force  April  19,  1886. 

HENRY  GORMAN,  patrolman;  boru  in  Ireland  1861;  came  to  Chicago 
March,  1880;  entered  the  force  December  13,  1884. 

FREDRICK  HEILMAN,  patrohuau;  boru  in  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  1853; 
came  to  Chicago  1856;  entered  the  force  April  10,  1886,  July  16, 
1886,  arrested  Michael  Hickey,  alias  Phelps,  the  chicken  thief,  and 
Joseph  Wolfington  for  burglary;  each  were  sentenced  to  three  years 
in  the  penitentiary.  July  21,  1888,  arrested  James  Smith  for 
burglary;  on  the  plea  of  guilty  the  prisoner  was  sentenced  to  one 
year  in  the  penitentiary. 

JAMES  HAYES,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to  Chicago 
1873;  entered  the  force  1883;  arrested  Charles  Styles  (colored)  who 
was  sentenced  to  five  years  in  the  penitentiary  for  burglary;  was 
on  duty  at  the  Desplaines  street  station  on  the  night  of  the  Hay- 
market  not. 

CHARLES  HACHLE,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1859;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1881;  entered  the  force  1887. 

JOHN  HENEBERY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1845;  came  to  Chicago 
July,  1867;  entered  the  force  1874;  was  through  the  strikes  of  1877 
and  1885. 

DAVID  M.  KELLY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Virginia  1855;  came  to  Chicago 

1879;  entered  the  force  May,  1887. 

STEPHEN  KELLY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1851;  came  to  Chicago 
1865;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

THOMAS  KERSHAW,  patrolman;  bom  in  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  1854; 
came  to  Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  1885. 


THE    FIUST    rUECINCT.  487 

MOSES  LOWENSTEIN.  patrolman;  born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  1803;  came 
to  Chicago  1878;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1880. 

JOHN  M.  LAWLER,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  City  1855;  came  to 
Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  June,  1885. 

ROGER  MULCAHY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1856;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1872;  entered  the  force  1884. 

JOHN  McINERNY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1844;  came  to  Chicago 
May,  1864;  entered  the  force  1872;  arrested  Ike  Buzzard,  who 
broke  from  the  jjenitentiary  at  Lancaster,  Peuu.,  and  liberated 
twelve  convicts;  has  been  shot  twice  in  the  neck  while  on  duty. 

NICHOLAS  MARTIN,  patrolman;  American  born;  came  to  Chicago  in 
1863;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot 
of  1886:  also  at  the  street-car  strike  of  1885. 

CHARLES  H.  MEYER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1838;  came  to 
Chicago  1863;  entered  the  force  May  8,  1868. 

JAMES  T.  MURPHY,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  City  1852; 
came  to  Chicago  1858;  entered  the  force  May,  1882. 

JAMES  C.  McNAMARA,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to 
Chicago  1869;  entered  the  force  December,  1884. 

ROBERT  MACK,  patrolman;   born  in  Ireland  1860;  came  to  Chicago 

1877;  entered  the  force  1882;  July  7,  1886,  arrested  Freeman  Can- 
niff  for  shooting  Alexander  Bucher  in  barn  in  the  rear  of  1705 
Michigan  ave.,  also  recovered  stolen  property  amounting  to  $1,180, 
stolen  from  the  same  number;  it  was  concealed  on  the  third  tioor 
of  743  W.  Madison  street. 

MICHAEL  McLaughlin,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1855;  came  to 
Chicago  April,  1877;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

MARTIN  NOLAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1853;  came  to  Chicago, 
October,  1873;  entered  tlae  force  December  15,  1884. 

CHRISTOPHER  O'SHEA,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1847;  came  to 
Chicago  April.  1868;  entered  the  force  May  9,  1882;  August  15 
1883,  was  shot  by  Mark  Davis  while  quelling  a  disturbance  at 
Ogden's  Grove. 

JOHN  O'BRIEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Pennsylvania  1859;  came  to  Chi- 
cago April,  1883;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  was  at  the 
street-car  strike  of  1885,  also  at  the  Haymarket  riot  of  1886. 

DANIEL  O'SHEA,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1857;  came  to  Chicago 
1882  ;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

MICHAEL  O'BRIEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1861;  came  to  Chi- 
cago September,  1878;  entered  the  force  April  19,  1886. 


488  THE    CHICAGO     TOLICE. 

WILLIAM  O'BRIEN,  patrolinau;  bom  iu  Irelaud  1857;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1875;    entered  the  force  September  10,  1887. 

MARTIN  E.  PADDEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Canada  1854;  came  to  Ohi- 
caj,'o  1873;  entered  tjie  force  1884. 

MICHAEL  PURCELL,  patrolman;  born  iu  Ireland  I860:  came  to 
Chicago  June,  1879  ;  entered  the  force  April  15,  1887. 

MICHAEL  C.  RYAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1869;  entered  the  force  October  22,  1877;  arrested  Samuel 
Fielden,  one  of  the  anarchists. 

JAMES  REIDY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland,  1854;  came  to  Chicago 
September,  1885;  entered  the  force  December  13,  1884;  on  duty  at 
the  Haymarket  riot;  also  at  the  street-car  strike  of  1885. 

CHARLES  P.  STRENING,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago,  111.,  1861; 
entered  the  force  1884;  at  the  street-car  strike  of  1885;  also  the 
Haymarket  riot  of  1886. 

DENIS  W.  SMIDDY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1859;  entere  I  the 
fo'ce  July  1, 1886. 

WILLIAM  STYX,  patrolman;  bom  in  Prague,  111.,  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  1858;  entered  the  force  May  8,  1882. 

WILLIAM  SHERRETT,  patrolman;  born  in  Scotland  1845;  came  to 
Chicago  1869;  entered  the  force  September  18,  1875. 

PATRICK  SHANNESSY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1842;  came  to 
Chicago  1855;  entered  the  force  1876;  assigned  to  duty  at  W.  Chi- 
cago Ave.  station;  transferred  to  Harrison  street  July,  1876;  trans- 
ferred to  Twenty-second  street  station  April,  1878. 

JOHN  SAVAGE,  patrolman;  born  in  Moyra,  N.  Y.,  1858;  came  to  Chi- 
cago July  1,  1878 ;  entered  the  force  1885;  arrested  Walter  Burns 
for  highway  robbery,  sentenced  to  three  years  in  the  penitentiary; 
John  Murray  for  burglary,  whose  case  is  still  pending  in  the 
Criminal  Court;  was  m  the  strikes  of  1885  and  1886. 

DAVID  SULLIVAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  1856;  came  to 
Chicago  1857;  entered  the  force  1885;  was  in  the  strike  of  1885; 
also  at  McCormick's  factory  in  1886. 

SEVERIN  C.  THOMPSON,  patrolman;  bom  iu  Norway  1851;  came 
to  Chicago  1865;    entered  the  force  July,  1886. 

AUGUSTUS  J.  WEBER,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1860;  entered 
the  force  April  19,  1886;  July  16,  1887,  arrested  Michael  Lynch 
for  the  murder  of  Officer  Wm.  Halloran. 


THE    FIKST    PRECINCT.  489 

Thirty-Fifth  Street  Station, — Thirty-fifth  street, 
east  of  Halsted,  is  one  of  the  old  sub-stations,  the  history 
of  which  is  connected  with  that  of  the  department  in  its 
early  days.  The  district  patrolled  by  the  force  of  this 
station  is  bounded  north  by  Thirty-first  street,  south  by 
the  city  limits,  east  by  State  street,  and  west  by  Ashland 
avenue;  the  area  being  two  square  miles,  and  the  popula- 
tion about  40,000. 

JOSEPH  KIPLEY,  lieutenant  in  charge  of  the  Thirty-fifth  street  dis- 
trict, was  born  in  Patterson,  New  Jersey,  on  November  24,  1848 
and  came  to  Chicago  on  July  3,  1865.  Here  he  found  employment 
in  R.  B.  Appleby's  picture  frame  establishment,  but  was  thrown  out 
of  it  by  the  fire.  He  entered  the  i)olice  force  January  24,  1872,  un- 
der Superintendent  Kennedy,  as  patrolman,  and  was  assigned  to 
the  Union  street  station;  transferred  to  the  old  Huron  street  sta- 
tion, to  Twelfth  street,  and  with  Simon  O'Donnell  to  the  Harrison 
street  station,  where  the  latter  was  placed  in  command  as  captain. 
When  O'Donnell  became  superintendent,  he  was  made  a  detective, 
in  1879,  and  when  McGarigle  assumed  the  superintendency,  was 
promoted  to  a  lieutenancy,  December  14,  1880,  and  assigned  to 
Harrison  street;  remained  there  till  Superintendent  Doyle  pro- 
moted him,  with  Lieutenant  Shea,  and  placed  them  in  charge  of 
the  detective  department.  This  position  they  held  until  Mayor 
Roche  removed  them,  Lieutenant  Kipley  being  assigned  to  his 
present  charge.  The  record  which  Kipley  and  Shea  made  while 
connected  with  the  detective  force  would  fill  a  volume  larger  than 
this,  and  the  best  that  can  be  done  is  to  take  a  glance  at  it.  On  Aug- 
ust 20, 1879,  Kipley  arrested  "  Biby "  Connelly  for  larceny;  on  Octo- 
ber 8,  same  year,  arrested  George  Keene  for  burglary,  and  Henry 
Lawrence,  same  charge  ;  on  October  28,  same  year,  arrested  Joseph 
Bennett  for  larceny,  and  Henry  Vaughan  for  burglary;  on  Novem- 
ber 15,  same  year,  arrested  William  Connors,  Dennis  Redden, 
Joseph  Slater,  Frank  Miner,  and  John  Keenan,  all  fugitives  from 
justice,  and  wanted  at  Peoria ;  on  November  23,  same  year,  ar- 
rested John  Hal  pin  for  burglary  ;  on  November  27,  same  year, 
arrested  John  Meehan,  now  in  Paris,  for  vagrancy,  and  Dick  El- 
bert for  larceny ;  on  November  28,  same  year,  arrested  O.  H.  Rock- 
fellow,  alias  "Dayton  Joe,"  for  rape ;  on  December  3,  same  year, 
arrested  Frank  Pierson,  William  Reid,  Al.  Bieter,  and  William 
Mitchell  for  burglary  ;  on  December  10,  same  year,  arrested  John 
F.  Beggs,  fugitive  from  Cleveland,  Ohio ;  on  December  20,  1879, 
arrested  a  notorious  confidence  operator,  Thomas  O'Brien;  on 
December  29,  same  year,  arrested  John  Murphy,  alias  "Kid." 
J'rank   Harris,  alias  "  Painter,"   and   Arthur  Webster,  a   gang  of 


4:90  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

dangerous  conuterfeiters ;    on  Januiiry  80.  1880,  Peter  Jackson, 
alias  Harris,  Edward  EUiott,  and  others,  for  larceny;  January  17, 
same  year,  arrested  Pat  Condon  for  robbery;   February  2,  same 
year,  William  and  Carrie  Mitchell  for  robbery  ;  February  18,  same 
year,  Charles  Bowman  and  Pat  Harrity  for  larceny ;  on  May  27, 
same  year,  arrested  John  Mitchell,  Samuel  Sutherland  and  Wil- 
liam Morton  for  burglary  ;  on  May  29,  same  year,  arrested  William 
Needham   and   Charles   Stansby  for  robbery ;    cm   June  9,   same 
year,  arrested   Charles  Fchubert  for  robbery,  and  June  29,  same 
year,  arrested  John  Croniu  for  V)urglary;   on  August  2,  same  year, 
arrested  William  Crawford,  Harry  McCoy,  Bob   Breckenbridge. 
and  John  Eyan  for  burglary;  August  30,  same  year,  arrested  James 
Woods  for  larceny ;    September  20,  same  year,  arrested  James 
Keefe  for  larceny ;    October  1,  same  year,  arrested  James  Dignan, 
Peter  Nichol  and  John  Fitzgerald  for  burglary,  and  also  Clark, 
Bell,  Hammell,  Shoemaker  and  Fctirchild,  fugitives  from  justice, 
turned  over  to  Toledo,  Ohio ;    November  13,  same  year,  arrested 
Bert  Stanley  for  burglary;    December  1,  same  year,  arrested  John 
Waters  for  burglary  ;     December  7,  same  year,  arrested  the  safe- 
blower,  Johu  Burns,  and  turned  him  over  to  the  Bloomington  au- 
thorities ;    December  10,  same  year,  arrested  John  Sweeney  and 
George  Deal  for  burglary,  turned  over  to  Kankakee.     These  were 
some  of  the  hauls  made  by  the  detectives  within  a  short  space  of 
time.   In  every  instance  the  persons  arrested  were  held  to  the  Crimi- 
nal Court,  and,  with  a  few  exceptions,  all  were  fmally  gathered  into 
the  penitentiary.      Joseph  Kipley  was  identified,  however,  with 
many  cases  of  more  importance,  or  at  least  of  more  interest,  than 
these.     He  figured  conspicuously  in  the  Hensley  murder  case,  and 
in  the  running  down  of  Holtgren  ;    he  worked  up  the  Lake  View 
and  Evanstou  burglary  cases,  and  succeeded  in  breaking  up  the 
desperate  gang  operating  in  the  northeastern  suburbs ;  arrested, 
with  Shea's  assistance,  Leland,  the  desperate  character  who  sand- 
bagged and  robbed  Brown ;  arrested  and  broke  up  the  Murray 
and  Rice  gang,  which  was  partly  composed  of  women,  and  had 
succeeded  in  robbing  South  Side  houses  of  pver  $8,000  worth  of 
property,  in  sealskin    sacques,  jewelry,    etc.;    goods    recovered. 
He  participated  in  the  arrest  of  Crawford,  May  27, 1880,  and  Mc- 
Coy, two  notorious  thieves,  who  operated  partly  at  Sycamore,  111., 
and  partly  in  Chicago.   All  of  the  plunder  tliey  had  accumulated  was 
recovered,  and  the  robbers  were  sent  back  for  trial.     .John  Ryan, 
a  burglar,  came  here  from  Michigan  City,  and  Detective  Kipley 
was  sent  in  search  of  him.     He  found  his  man  at  the  "  Bon  Ton," 
one  of  the  low  dives  kept  by  Jerry  Monroe.     Ryan  pulled  a  re- 
volver and  fired,  and  the  detective  has,  perhaps,  never  been  as 
close  to  death's  door,  since  or  before,  as  he  was  when  the  bullet 
missed  its  mark.     Marks'  pawnshop,  of  this  city,  was  robbed  of 
$9,(100  worth  of  jewelry.     Kipley  and  Shea  got  hold  of  one  of  the 


THE    FIRST    I'llECINCT.  491 

burfjlftrs,  aud  made  liim  confess.  The  property  was  returned. 
Edwards,  the  same  burjiflar  who  entered  D.  B.  Fisk's  place,  was 
found  giiilty  of  the  robbery.  He  was  identified  with  the  Moore 
and  Powers  case.  They  took  wagons  to  Forty-second  street  and 
robbed  fi  ci>,'ht  cars,  briugiuH:  their  stuff  to  a  fence  kept  by  a  pawn- 
broker named  Joachim.  The  end  of  this  fence-keeper  was  tragic. 
Some  thieves,  with  whom  he  had  done  business  previously,  wrote 
him  that  if  he  would  briny  .^8,000  to  a  certain  point  jtist  east  of 
the  approach  to  the  railroad  bridge  over  the  Mississippi  at  Bur- 
lington, he  would  find  there,  and  luight  have  in  return,  valuable 
property  worth  four  or  five  times  the  amount.  Joachim  nibbled 
at  the  bait  for  awhile,  and  finally  took  it  whole.  He  arrived  at 
the  place  indicated,  a  desolate  tract  of  territory  in  the  bottoms  by 
the  river.  The  next  seen  of  him,  he  had  dragged  himself  to  the 
railroad  platform  where  he  had  alighted.  Scarcely  had  he  arrived 
there  before  he  fell  dead.  He  had  been  drugged,  beaten  and 
robbed  by  the  thieves,  who  then  left  him  to  die  in  the  wilderness. 
Lieutenant  Kipley  was  for  a  long  time  the  associate  of  Edward 
Keating.  Perhaps  no  trio  of  detectives  ever  performed  more  or 
better  work  than  Keating,  Shea  and  Kipley.  Keating  is  dead. 
Lieutenant  Shea,  like  Lieutenant  Kipley,  is  now  leading  a  quiet 
life  in  command  of  an  outlying  station. 

PETER  J.  BYENE,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Ireland  1844;  came  to  Chi- 
cago July,  1870;  entered  the  force  December,  1878. 

WILLIAM  J.  MOONEY,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  New  York  City  1840; 
came  to  Chicago  1870  ;  entered  the  force  1873;  appointed  desk  ser- 
geant February,  1881. 

FRANCIS  CAMPBEI^L,  patrol  sergeant;  bom  in  Ireland  1840;  came 
to  Chicago  1870;   entered  the  force  August  12,  1873. 

JOHN  P.  BONFIELD,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1856;  entered  the 
force  December  15,  1884. 

PATRICK  CLEARY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1842;  came  to  Chicago 
1869;  entered  the  force  July  31,  1872. 

PATRICK  CLOGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1861;  entered  the 
force  June  3, 1887. 

ARTHUR  DILLON,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to  Chicago 
1870;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

JAMES  EVANS,  i)atrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1847;  came  to  Chicago 
1853;  entered  the  force  1884. 

HENRY  EVES,  patrolman;  born  in  Belleville,  Ontario,  1854;  came  to 
Chicago  1871 ;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

JOHN  J.  FLANIGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Bedford,  N.  Y.,  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  September,  1861;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1883. 


492  THE     CHICAGO    POLICE. 

MICHAEL  GAYNOR,   patrolman;    born  in  Chicago  1861;  entered  the 
force  December  15,  1884. 

DANIEL  HARTNETT,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1858;  entered  the 
force  July  1,  1886. 

CHARLES  P.  KENNEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1855;  came  to 
Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

FERDINAND  F.  H.  KURTH,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1850;  came 
to  Chicago  August,  1862;  entered  the  force  September,  1874. 

JOHN  J.  LEONARD,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1854;  entered  the  force 

June  13,  1882. 

JOHN  M.  LAWLER,  patrolman;  bom  in  New  York  City  1855;  came  to 
Chicago  1866;  entered  the  force  June,  1885. 

MICHAEL  McGRAW,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1860;  entered  the 
force  March  15,  1885. 

JOHN  MORRIARTY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chi- 
cago September,  1882;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

JOHN  H.  McDonald,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  1864;  came  to 
Chicago  1875;  enteral  the  force  1886. 

DANIEL  L.  McCarthy,  patrolman;  born  in  Braaher,  St.  Lawrence 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  1860;  came  to  Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  December 
15,  1884. 

PATRICK  MALONEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to  Chi- 
cago September,  1866;  entered  the  force  September  19,  1874. 

JAMES  McMAHON,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1854;  entered  the 
force  December  15, 1884. 

CHARLES  McDERMOTT,  patrolman;  born  in  Woodstock,  111.,  1862; 
came  to  Chicago  July  1,  1877;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

WILLIAM  O'DONALD,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1862;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1878;  entered  the  force  December,  1884. 

MICHAEL  O'TOOLE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1878;  entered  the  force  1884. 

WILLIAM  O'MEARA,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1861;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1877;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

PATRICK  O'BRIEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1852;  came  to  Chi- 
cago August,  1876;  entered  the  force  June,  1883. 

MICHAEL  J.  RODNEY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1857;  entered  the 
force  December  15, 1884. 

WILLIAM  TAYLOR,  patrolman;  born  in  Weymouth,  Mass.,  1850; 
came  to  Chicago  1869;  entered  the  force  December  15, 1884. 


THE    FIRST    rUECINCT.  493 

The  Cottage  Grove  Avenue  Station.  171  Cotta'^e 
Grove  aveuue,  was  built  in  tlie  winter  of  186G-'67,  and  was 
opened  to  tlie  public  June  1,  1807,  Sergeant  James  B. 
Craney  in  commantl.  Ten  patrolmen  then  traveled  the  dis- 
trict from  Twenty-second  to  Thirty-fifth  street,  and  from 
State  street  to  the  lake,  most  of  which  was  then  a  bare 
prairie,  but  is  now  one  of  the  finest  residence  portions  of 
the  city.  The  district  patrolled  by  the  force  of  this  station 
al  present  is  bounded  north  by  Twenty-second  street,  south 
by  the  city  limits,  on  the  east  by  Lake  Michigan  and  on  the 
west  by  State  street,  embracing  an  area  of  about  two  square 
miles  and  a  population  of  about  75,000. 

MADISON  BEADELL,  lieutenant  of  police,  commanding  the  Cottacre 
Grove  district,  was  born  in  Cayuga  county,  New  York,  1838;  was 
educated  at  Utica;  came  to  Chicago  in  1858,  and  entered  the  force 
on  August  5,  1866,  Elsewhere  in  this  history  his  name  appears 
frequently.  He  has  been  for  at  least  fifteen  years  a  prominent 
figure  in  the  department.  In  July,  1861,  in  this  city,  he  enlisted 
in  the  10th  Illinois  Vol.  Cavalry,  and  served  four  years  and  eight 
months  at  the  front,  for  four  years  of  this  time  being  absolutely 
under  age.  He  served  gallantly  in  the  battles  of  Pea  Ridge,  Little 
Rock,  Mansfield,  Benton,  Prairie  Grove  and  others  of  more  or  less 
note.  In  a  skirmish  near  Richmond,  La.,  he  was  taken  prisoner 
and  confined  at  Tyler,  Tex.  After  entering  the  force  he  was  the  first 
man  to  travel  beat  from  the  Archer  road  station,  in  the  Bridgeport 
district;  served  as  patrolman  and  desk  sergeant  at  Twenty-second 
street,  and  was  then  transferred  to  Cottage  Grove  avenue,  where 
he  served  till  1877,  when  under  the  Heath-Hickey  regime  he  was 
promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  and  Avas  placed  in  charge  of  the  Twenty- 

*  second  street  district;  was  then  transferred  to  Deering  street,  and 

in  1880  returned  to  Cottage  Grove,  where  he  has  been  in  command 
ever  since.  As  a  patrolman,  sergeant  and  lieutenant,  Madison 
Beadell  has  proved  himself  to  be  a  faithful  and  brave  officer.  He 
has  commanded  companies  in  many  exciting  tumults,  and  his  mili- 
tary education  has  served  him  well  at  all  times.  The  policemen  of 
the  Cottage  Grove  district  are  well  disciplined  and  careful  officers, 
and  the  smoothness  with  which  affairs  are  conducted  down  there 
is  due  to  the  painstaking  methods  and  good  tact  of  the  lieutenant. 

ALEXIS  C.  BURDICK,  desk  sergeant,  was  born  in  Indiana  1847;  came 
to  Chicago  1865,  and  entered  the  force  1882;  enlisted  in  the  Mc- 
Clellan  Dragoons  October,  1861,  being  at  the  time  but  15  years  of 
age;  was  wounded  at  Liberty,  Miss.,  while  serving  as  a  scout  for 


494  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

the  army;  mustered  out  in  October,  1865,  having  served  four  years 
and  twenty  days;  was  appointed  patrohnan  at  the  Central  station 
in  1883;  transferred  to  Cottaye  Grove  February  22,  1884,  and  ap- 
pointed desk  sergeant  in  March,  1884. 

MARSHALL  B.  ATWELL,  desk  sergeant,  was  born  in  Vermont  1840; 
came  to  Chicago  1869;  entered  the  force  February,  1872;  served  as 
patrolman  at  Harrison  street  station,  Twenty-second  street  and 
Cottage  Grove  avenue;  promoted  to  be  desk  sergeant  June,  1887; 
enlisted  in  the  2d  Vermont  Volunteers  in  May,  1861,  and  served 
three  years;  participated  in  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and  went 
through  the  peninsular  campaign;  since  his  connection  with  the 
department  has  made  several  important  arrests,  and  proved  him- 
self to  be  an  excellent  officer  in  every  respect. 

GEORGE  W.  SANFORD,  patrol  sergeant,  was  born  in  Noble  county, 
Indiana,  1845;  came  to  Chicago  in  1871;  entered  the  force  April  15, 
1872;  resigned  April  15,  1876,  and  re-entered  the  department  Nov, 
5, 1878;  appointed  desk  sergeant  at  Hinman  street  station  March 
1,  1879;  promoted  to  patrol  sergeantcy  February  22,  1884,  and 
assigned  to  Harrison  street  station;  transferred  to  Cottage  Grove 
June  1,  1884. 

JOHN  ASHEN,  patrolman,  born  in  Ireland  1860;  came  to  Chicago 
1876;  entered  the  force  1884. 

LEONARD  BOHRN,  patrolman;  born  in  Dover,  Wis.,  1860;  came  to 
Chicago  1884;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887;  is  a  reliable  and 
efficient  officer. 

WILLIAM  BRENMAN,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Kinsale,  Ireland, 
1843;  came  to  Chicago  1867;  entered  the  force  July,  1871;  April, 
1872,  arrested  James  Jones  (colored)  for  shooting  his  brother. 

STILLMAN  BOVER,  patrolman;  born  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  1853; 
came  to  Chicago  1869;  entered  the  force  Jtme  3,  1887. 

JAMES  BYRNE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chicago 
1879;  entered  the  force  January,  1SS7;  has  arrested  Frank  Pierce,- 
James  Bussy,  John  Lee,  on  petty  charges.  Is  a  good,  reliable 
man. 

JOHN  BONGERZ,  patrolman;  born  in  Prussia  1849;  came  to  Chicago 

July,  1864;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  arrested  John 
Doyle  for  larceny,  John  Reibor  for  assault,  and  Bill  Price  for  at- 
tempted burglary;  recovered  the  body  of  Charles  Curtis  from  the 
lake,  foot  of  Twenty -seventh  street. 

JOHN  J.  DUNN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1858;  entered  the  force 

December,  1884. 

HERMAN  EHINGER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1827;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1856;  entered  the  force  1868. 


THE    FIRST    niECINCT.  495 

ANDREW  J.  ENZENBACHER,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1860;  en- 
tered the  force  April  20,  1886. 

PATRICK  FOLEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Elgin,  111.,  1862;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1880;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887, 

JOHN  FLANNIGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Kane  county,  111.,  1862;  came 
to  Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

PATRICK  J.  GLEASON,  patrolman;  bor^  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to 
Chicago  1867 ;  entered  the  force  August,  1875. 

FRANK  HAHENADEL,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  City  1857;  came 
to  Chicago  1858;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

MICHAEL  H.  HEILMANN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Philadelphia,  Penn., 
18.53;  came  to  Chicago  1857;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

WILLIAM  A.  HARTMAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Canton,  Ohio,  1856;  came 
to  Chicago  1861;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

PATRICK  H.  HARKINS,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1838;  came  to 
Chicago  1872;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

DAVID  H  AMAH  AN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1875;  entered  the  force  1884. 

JOHN  C.  KALIHER,  patrolman;  born  in  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio,  1856; 
came  to  Chicago  September,  1880;  entered  the  force  April  20, 
1886;  arrested  Henry  Moore,  an  ex-convict,  Isaac  Bennett  and 
Geo.  Buchanan,  well-known  thieves;  rescued  four  persons  from 
the  burning  building  171  Twenty-second  street. 

JOHN  E.  KEEFE,  patrolman;  born  in  Bloomington,  111.,  1858;  came 
to  Chicago  June,  1863;  entered  the  force  December  15, 1884;  June, 
1886,  arrested  the  notorious  Mrs.  H.  Marshall  as  she  was  attempt- 
ing to  commit  murder. 

JAMES  KING,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to  Chicago  1876; 
entered  the  force  1881;  arrested  Wm.  Jones  for  burglary,  who  was 
sent  to  the  penitentiary;  also  Annie  Eihre  for  larceny. 

DAVID  W.  McCarthy,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1862;  entered 
the  force  November  15,  1884;  June  29  rescued  J.  Laney,  a  seven- 
year-old  boy,  from  drowning,  by  jumping  in  the  lake  and  swim- 
ming to  shore  with  him;  also  recovered  the  body  of  Frank  Mc- 
Namara,  who  was  drowned  while  swimming  with  Laney. 

PETER  E.  MARTIN,  patrolman;  born  in  Kane  Co.,  111.,  1855;  came  to 
Chicago  1872;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

PHILIP  IVIILLER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Wisconsin  1861;  came  to 
Chicago  1878;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

JOHN    M.  O'CONNELL,  patrolman;  bom  in   Ireland  1855;    came  to 

38 


496  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

Chicago   1884;  entered  the   force  July   8,   1887;  arrested   ou  two 
occasions  "  Black  Jack  "  Yattaw. 

PATRICK  O'BRIEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1852;  came  to  Chicago 
July,  1870;  entered    '  e  force  July,  1882. 

JEREMIAH  F.  O'SULljiVAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Lawrence,  Mass., 
1853;  came  to  Chicago  November,  1871;  entered  the  force  June  15, 
1872. 

HENRY  ROTTGEN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Lake  Co.,  Ind.,  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  December  15, 1884;  arrested  Albert 
Peterson  for  house-breaking;  also  Andrew  Sullivan  for  carrying 
concealed  weapons, 

HENRY  ROCHE,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to  Chicago 
1854;  entered  the  force  1884;  arrested  F.  J.  Newton  for  robbery; 
Henry  Jackson,  the  notorious  horse  shark;  Joseph  Taylor  for 
larceny;  all  of  whom  were  sent  to  the  penitentiary. 

FRANK  E.  SULLIVAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1860;  entered  the 
force  1884. 

FRANK  SLADECK,  patrolman;  born  in  Bohemia  1858;  came  to  Chicago 
1866  ;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887 ;  showed  great  presence  of 
mind  while  arresting  an  insane  man. 

JAMES  SWEENEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1854;  came  to  Chicago 
1870;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

EDWARD  H.  SMYTHE,  patrolman;  born  in  Jxmeau  county,  Wis., 
1856;  came  to  Chicago  1880;  entered  the  force  1886. ' 

GUY  STONE,  patrolman;  born  in  West  Fayette,  Seneca  coimty,  N.  Y., 
1857;  came  to  Chicago  January,  1881;  entered  the  force  April  20, 
1886. 

ALFRED  B.  SMITH,  patrolman;  born  in  Marine  City,  Mich.,  1850; 
came  to  Chicago  1881;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  with 
others,  arrested  Louis  Rheam  for  the  murder  of  Officer  Cornelius 
Barrett. 

JOHN  C.  SPENCER,  patrolman;  born  in  Joliet,  111.,  1857;  came  to 
Chicago  1871;  entered  the  force  Jime,  1887;  arrested  Jack  Fischer, 
alias  McDonald,  Pat  Dundon,  alias  Riely,  Jack  McCue,  alias 
Brown,  three  South  Water  street  thieves,  who  made  a  practice  of 
taking  wagons  loaded  with  provisions.  They  were  all  sent  to  the 
penitentiary. 

JOHN  A.  TOOMEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  1842;  came  to 
Chicago  1861;  entered  the  force  October,  1877;  arrested  William 
Armstrong  for  larceny,  and  recovered  S127,000  worth  of  property. 
April,  1882,  arrested  Isaac  Teaste  for  burglary,  who  received  four 
years  in  the  penitentiary. 


THE    FIKST    rilECINCT.  497 

EUGENE  VALLEE,  patrolman;  bora  iu  Quebec,  Canada,  1846;  came 
to  Chicago  1SG4;  euterod  the  force  June,  1882;  arrested  the  notori- 
ous Frank  Wilson,  with  many  aliases,  for  hiffhway  robbery,  who 
was  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  three  years. 

JOSEPH  WOLF,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  City  1861;  came  to 
Chicago  1867;   entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

CHAKLES  G.  WILKS,  patrolman;  born  iu  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1857;  camb 
to  Chicago  1859;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

The  Stanton  Avenue  Station,  144  and  14G  Thirty-fifth 
street,  corner  of  Stanton  avenue,  is  the  youngest,  handsom- 
est and  most  complete  sub-station  in  the  city.  It  was  built 
under  the  direct  supervision  of  Inspector  Bonfield  and  his 
assistants,  and  was  opened  on  June  19,  1887,  with  Lieuten- 
ant Lynian  Lewis  in  command  of  the  new  district.  He  re- 
mained in  charge  until  his  promotion  to  a  captaincy,  when 
Sergeant  Charles  M.  Day,  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  Septem- 
ber 9,  1887,  was  assigned  to  relieve  him.  The  station  is  a 
model  piece  of  police  architecture,  large,  commodious  and 
convenient,  with  cheerful  surroundings,  and  the  force  as- 
signed here  appears  to  be  well  contented  with  their  lot. 

CHAKLES  M.  DAY,  lieutenant  of  police,  commanding  the  Stanton  ave- 
nue district,  was  born  at  Clinton,  Lenawee  county,  Michigan,  in 
1849;  moved  to  Blue  Island,  this  county,  when  a  child;  attended 
school  at  Marseilles,  111.,  for  a  couple  of  years,  and  coming  to  Chi- 
cago when  a  mere  lad,  enlisted  in  Company  C,  72d  Illinois  Infan- 
try, the  first  "  Board  of  Trade"  regiment;  his  company  was  known 
as  "  Scripps'  Guards,"  and  was  organized  in  1862;  went  immedi- 
ately to  the  front,  and  saw  sharp  service  at  Vicksburg  and  Cham- 
pion Hill;  after  the  fall  of  Vicksburg,  went  down  the  Mississippi 
to  New  Orleans,  then  to  the  rear  of  Mobile,  and  from  Mobile  to 
Montgomery,  under  Gen.  Smith,  and  was  mustered  out  at  the 
latter  place;  after  returning  home,  railroaded  for  two  years  on  the 
Bock  Island  road,  and  entered  the  police  force  January  9,  1867, 
being  assigned  to  the  Twenty-second  street  station,  which  was  then 
a  mere  shanty  on  Archer  avenue,  near  the  Fort  Wayne  track ;  re- 
mained there  till  the  present  Twenty-second  street  station  was 
built,  and  remained  at  the  new  station  traveling  beat  for  two 
years;  was  here  promoted  to  be  desk  sergeant,  and  served  in  that 
capacity  until  Capt.  Seavey  became  chief,  who  transferred  him  to 
Harrison  street;  while  at  Harrison  street  the  Morse  telegraph  sys- 
tem was  introduced,  and  desk  sergeants  were  compelled  to  learn  it; 


498  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

be  mastered  it,  and  after  a  few  mouths  was  transferred  to  Central 
station,  and  promoted  to  be  chief  operator  at  police  headquarters; 
remained  in  this  position  through  all  administrations  since  then, 
until  Sei^tember  9  of  this  year,  when  he  was  promoted  to  a  lieu- 
tenancy, and  assigned  to  duty  at  Stanton  avenue.  Ten  years  ago, 
when  at  Twenty-second  street,  he  started  out  one  evening  to  buy 
a  hat.  On  his  way  he  drojjped  into  a  concert  saloon  at  Wabash 
avenue  and  Twenty-second  street,  and  entered  into  conversation 
with  the  special  policeman,  named  Daly.  While  talking,  Officer 
Smith,  of  Cottage  Grove  avenue,  also  dropped  in.  After  him  came 
two  roughs,  a  fellow  named  Burke  and  one  Frank  Murphy,  Ijoth 
of  whom  had  been  arrested  several  times  for  highway  robbery  and 
other  crimes.  They  walked  nearly  to  the  front  of  the  concert 
room  and  sat  down.  A  man  sitting  in  front  of  them  had  his  hat 
on,  and  one  of  the  toughs  snatched  it  off  and  threw  it  on  the  stage. 
Officer  Day  arrested  and  conducted  them  to  the  sidewalk.  Officer 
Smith,  another  officer  named  Russell,  the  special  policeman  and 
Day  started  with  the  pair  toward  the  Twenty-second  street  station, 
when  it  seems  that  Daly  turned  back,  without  saying  a  word  of 
his  intention  to  do  so.  In  fact.  Day  and  his  prisoners  had  crossed 
Wabash  avenue  before  he  missed  the  special  policeman,  and  then 
he  heard  a  scuffle  behind  him,  between  Kussell  and  one  of  the 
thugs.  Murphy  ran  up  to  Day  with  a  pistol  in  hand  and  began 
shooting.  Day  threw  his  arm  over  his  head,  and  stooped  as 
Murphy  raised  his  pistol  find  the  ball  entered  his  right  arm.  Had 
he  failed  to  stoop  it  would  have  entered  his  head.  The  ball,  as  it 
was,  entered  near  the  elbow  and  came  out  near  the  shoulder. 
Murphy,  after  firing  a  sahite  of  five  shots,  ran  toward  State  street, 
and  north  through  an  alley,  between  State  and  Wabash,  followed 
by  Officers  Elliott  and  Wallace  M.  Day,  who  had  come  upon  the 
scene.  The  officers  fired  several  shots  at  him  as  he  ran,  one  of 
which  took  effect  in  the  calf  of  his  leg,  and  another  entered  his 
heel.  The  tough  was  laid  up  with  his  wounds  in  the  county  jail 
for  three  months,  and  when  the  trial  came  off,  a  physician  testified 
that  a  penitentiary  confinement  would  kill  him,  and  the  sentence 
was  suspended.  Lieutenant  Day  was  eighteen  years  a  desk  ser- 
geant. He  is  still  a  young  man  and  very  popular  in  the  depart- 
ment. 

JOHN  L.  MAHONEY,  desk  sergeant,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1844; 
came  to  Chicago  March,  18G5;  entered  the  force  August,  1870;  was 
in  active  service  during  the  fire  of  1871  and  in  the  riots  of  1877; 
traveled  post  on  the  "  Levee"  for  several  years,  and  made  many  im- 
portant arrests;  was  appointed  desk  sergeant  in  1878  by  Chief 
Seavey,  and  assigned  to  Cottage  Grove  station;  transferred  to 
Stanton  avenue  June  1,  1887. 


THE    FIllST    PKECIN'CT.  499 

"WALLACE  M.  DAY,  desk  serjixeant ;  born  at  Clinton,  Lenawee'coimty, 
Mich..  1H45;  came  to  Chic^ai,^)  in  1H53,  and  entered  the  force  1878; 
in  1879  succeeded  in  arresting  the  notorious  Edward  O'Toole,  after 
a  desperate  struggle;  was  in  active  service  during  the  riots,  and 
has  distinguished  himself  in  many  ways  by  personal  liravery  and 
skill;  was  appointed  desk  sergeant  June  1,  1887. 

GERALD  STARK,  patrol  sergeant;  bom  in  Ireland  1842;  came  to  Chi- 
cago October  20,  ISGO;  entered  the  force  August  15,  1877;  has  par- 
ticipated in  all  the  riots  and  disturbances  that  have  occurred  in 
this  city  since  that  time;  arrested  in  1883  two  notorious  burglars 
named  Miller  and  Wendt,  after  a  desperate  struggle;  they  had  en- 
tered a  South  Side  hoiise;  both  were  sent  to  the  penitentiary;  has 
arrested  a  large  number  of  criminals  of  all  grades,  and  has  acted 
fearlessly  and  faithfully  on  all  occasions. 

GEORGE  A.  BINGLEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1860;  entered 
the  force  April,  1886;  rescued  a  man  from  a  burning  building  on 
Randolph  street;  was  in  the  Hay  market  riot. 

NICHOLAS  BECK,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1864;  entered  the  force 
April  1,  1887. 

CHARLES  BENNECKE,  patrolman;  born  in  Plymouth,  Wis.,  1858; 
came  to  Chicago  1870;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1883;  was 
severely  burned  while  rescuing  a  little  girl  from  a  fire. 

JOHN  CUMINGS,  patrolman;  born  in  Walworth  county.  Wis.,  1853; 
came  to  Chicago  1881;  entered  the  force  May,  1887. 

JAMES  CONICK,  patrolman;  born  in  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  1855;  came  to 
Chicago  December,  1878;  entered  the  force  December  lo,  1884; 
March  23,  1885,  arrested  the  notorious  "Lewey,"  for  murder; 
"  Lewey  "  was  sentenced  to  seven  years  in  the  penitentiary. 

WILLIAM  CARBERRY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1842;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1870;  entered  the  force  November  5,  1870. 

JAMES  W.  DUFFY,  patrolman;  born  at  Crystal  Lake,  111.,  1859;  came 
to  Chicago  1877;  entered  the  force  May  10,  1884;  was  assigned  to 
the  Central  station;  while  there  arrested  the  notorious  Thos.  Fitz- 
patriek,  Wm.  Lee,  and  Fred.  Regar,  all  ex-convicts;  also  Wm. 
Hines,  alias  Doc.  Hart,  a  criminal  from  Boston;  was  one  of  the 
officers  who  arrested  August  Spies  and  Schwab,  the  anarchists. 

THOMAS  DOWNS,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1842;  came  to  Chicago 
1865;  entered  the  force  1872;  in  1873  wounded  while  arresting 
Mike  McCarthy,  a  horse  thief. 

THOMAS  DUFFY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1864;   came  to  Chicago 

1864;  entered  the  force  April  15,  1887. 

JOHN  J.   DUFFY,    patrolman;  born  in  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  1857;  came 


500  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE, 

to  Chicago  March,  1872;  entered  the  force  January  1,  1886;  was  in 
the  street-car  strike  of  1885,  the  riot  of  1886;  arrested  six  burglars, 
and  recovered  much  property. 

JOHN  FALLON,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chicago 

1876;   entered  the  force  April  15,  1887. 

ALEXANDER  GOODBRAND,  patrolman;  bom  in  Scotland  1839;  came 
to  Chicago  in  1866;  entered  the  force  December,  1875;  made  many 
important  arrests. 

PHILIP  GREEN  (colored),  patrolman;  born  in  1856  at  Baltimore; 
came  to  Chicago  1881;  entered  the  force  June,  1887;  detailed  in 
citizen's  clothes  at  Central  station;  was  employed  a  number  of 
years  by  the  Pullman  Car  Co. 

WILLIAM  J.  GOGGIN,  patrolman;  born  in  England  1843;  came  to 
Chicago  1866;  entered  the  force  March,  1881;  took  part  in  the 
Haymarket  riot. 

LOUIS  B.  IND,  patrolman;  born  in  Milton,  Wis.,  1852;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1870;  entered  the  force  June  5,  1887;  detailed  in  citizen's 
clothes  at  the  Central  station;  was  connected  seventeen  years  with 
detective  agencies  and  railroad  companies;  was  connected  with 
Wm.  A.  and  Allan  Pinkerton  for  eight  years;  served  two  years  as  an 
officer  in  penitentiary  at  San  Quinton,  Cal. 

MARTIN  C.  LEYDEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  18  0;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1875;  entered  the  force  August  1,  1881;  in  1883,  arrested  the 
notorious  burglar,  George  Hall,  the  first  man  sent  from  Cook 
county  for  twenty  years  under  the  habitual  criminal's  act. 

GEORGE  R.  McNEIL,  patrolman;  born  in  Westport,  N.  S.,  1854;  came 
to  Chicago  1884;  entered  the  force  June  14,  1887. 

MARTIN  W.  Mcdonough,  patrolman;  born  in  Deerfield,  Wis.,  1862; 
came  to  Chicago  April,  1872;  entered  the  force  June  4,  1887. 

JOHN  J.  O'FARRELL,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1863;  entered  the 
force  August  15,  1885. 

GEORGE  ORR,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1863;  came  to  Chicago 
August,  1878;  entered  the  force  June  4,  1887. 

EDWARD  PETTESCH,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1858;  entered  the 
force  March,  1887. 

WILLIAM  PLUNCKETT,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1862;  came  to 
Chicago  1878;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  during  the 
riots  of  1885  and  1886  arrested  many  criminals. 

CHARLES  J.  PETERSON,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1860;  entered 
the  force  1887. 

PETER  W.  ROONEY.  patrolman;    bom  in  Ella,  Dodge  coimty.  Wis., 


THE    FIKST    PRECINCT.  501 

1855;  came  to  Chicago  December,  1871;  entered  the  force  Decem- 
ber, 1884;  assisted  iu  the  resciiiuf?  of  seven  persons  from  a  fire  at 
85  Third  avenue;  was  through  the  strikes  of  1885  and  1886. 

JOHN  RYAN,  patrohnan;  born  in  Ireland,  1839;  came  to  Chicago  in 
1848;  joined  the  force  October  15,  1807;  resigned  under  Superin- 
tendent Seavey,  and  re-entered  April  18,  1886. 

TIMOTHY  RYAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1855;  came  to  Chicago 
1876;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1883. 

W.  L.  STAHL,  patrolman;  born  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  1861 ;  came  to  Chi- 
cago September,  1882;  entered  the  force  June  2,  1887. 

J.  C.  SPENCER,  patrolman;  born  iu  Joliet,  111.,  1857;  came  to  Chicago 
1880;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

JOSEPH  H.  SHREVE,  patrolman;  born  in  West  Chester,  Penn.,  1853; 
came  to  Chicago  1876;  entered  the  force  July  5,  1882. 

CORNELIUS  E.  SMITH,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1859;  entered 
the  force  March  14,  1887. 

THOMAS  L.  TREHARN,  patrolman;  born  iu  Cardiff,  South  Wales, 
1859;  came  to  Chicago  1861;  entered  the  force  1880;  arrested  for 
burglary,  James  Alexander  (colored),  who  received  five  years  in  the 
penitentiary;  Charles  Brown,  five  years;  Fred  Brady,  two  years; 
Peter  O'Brien,  brother  of  the  notorious  "Kid"  O'Brien,  and  hus- 
band to  Mollie  Mott,  a  noted  shoplifter. 

HENRY  THOMAS,  patrolman;  born  at  Ottawa,  111.,  1857;  came  to  Chi- 
cago July,  1877;  entered  the  force  1885;  took  part  in  the  Hay- 
market  riot. 


502  THE  CHICAGU  POLICE. 


CHAPTER   XXV. 

CAPT.  SIMON  O'DONNELL  COMMANDING  —  THE  "TERROR  DISTRICT"  OF 
OTHER  DAYS,  NOW  ONE  OF  THE  BEST  REGULATED  IN  THE  CITY — 
WHAT  THE  GALLANT  PRIDE  OP  THE  OLD  LAKE  STREET  SQUAD  HAS 
DONE  FOR  IT— SIMON  O'DONNELL  AND  HIS  MEN-THE  INTRODUCTION 
OF  THE  SIGNAL  SERVICE  HERE— A  CAPTAIN  WHO  HAS  BEEN  A  SUPER- 
INTENDENT AND  WHO  STEPPED  BACK  CHEERFULLY  TO  THE  RANKS. 

The  second  precinct  includes  the  West  Twelfth  street,  the 
West  Thirteenth  street,  the  Canalport  avenue  and  the  Deer- 
ing  street  stations.  Headquarters,  West  Twelfth  street  sta- 
tion, West  Twelfth  and  Johnson  streets. 

Precinct  Station,  West  Twelfth  and  Johnson  streets.  It 
was  formerly  a  sub-station  of  the  old  second  precinct,  which 
embraced  the  entire  West  Side.  It  is,  perhaps,  the  oldest 
station  in  the  city,  remaining  where  it  was  originally  located 
in  1866.  Two  additions  have  been  built  to  it  during  recent 
years,  and  a  police  court  for  the  precinct  was  opened  in  the 
structure  in  1882.  A  patrol  barn  has  also  been  added. 
The  station  is  now  one  of  the  most  substantial  and  commo- 
dious in  the  city.  It  is  located  in  what  used  to  be  the  heart 
of  the  "Terror  District."  Here  the  first  patrol  wagon  was 
put  into  service,  under  Lieut.  John  Bonfield.  Simon  O'Don- 
nell's  good  management  and  the  patrol  service  have  reduced 
the  "Terror  District"  to  a  condition  bordering  very  closely 
upon  respectability.  The  force  of  this  station  patrols  the 
district  bounded  north  by  West  Harrison  street,  east  by  the 
south  branch  of  the  Chicago  River,  south  by  West  Sixteenth 
street,  and  west  by  Loomis  street;  embracing  an  area  of 
about  one  and  a  half  square  miles,  and  containing  a  popula- 
tion now  estimated  at  50,000. 

SIMON  O'DONNELL,  captain  commanding  the  second  precinct;  bom 
in  County  Clare,  Ireland,  in  1834;  came  to  Chicago  in  1841;  entered 
the  force  April  7, 1862;  acted  as  patrolman  for  seven  years;  was 


SIMON   O'DONNELL, 
Capt.  ComJg.   Second  Precinct. 


THE    OLD    "TEltllOi;""    ])IST]1ICT.  503 

promoted  by  Siiperiuteudeut  Rehm  to  second  sertjeantcy  and  later 
to  first  beryeautey  aud  placed  iu  charge  of  West  Twelfth  street  sub- 
station in  1869;  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  in  1H77  aud  took 
charge  of  the  first  jireeinct,  with  headquarters  at  the  Armory;  was 
promoted  to  be  deputy  superintendent  of  police,  vice  Dixon  re- 
signed, and  acted  as  superintendent  until  the  death  of  Superin- 
tendent Seavey;  was  appointed  superintendent  of  police  in  1879  by 
Mayor  Harrison;  had  charge  of  the  entire  department  for  twenty- 
one  months:  insisted  upon  resigning  the  responsibility,  and  was 
assigned  to  his  old  station  (West  Twelfth  street)  aud  made  captain 
of  the  second  precinct;  served  gallantly  in  the  riots  of  1867,  1877, 
and  1886;  swept  the  thug  element  out  of  the  "Terror  District," 
and  has  arrested  and  convicted  criminals  by  the  score;  bears  the 
distinction  of  having  been  the  last  deputy  superintendent  ap- 
pointed, and  the  only  man  who  has  ever  held  a  commanding  posi- 
tion in  the  department  after  leaving  the  superintendent's  chair. 
[See  Chap.  XVIII.J 

AUGUST  BLETTNER,  lieutenant  of  police,  second  precinct  station; 
born  in  Germany  in  1846;  came  to  Chicago  in  June,  1854;  entered 
the  force  July  10,  1867;  after  serving  as  patrolman  for  two  years 
was  promoted  to  the  desk  sergeantcy  of  Twelfth  street,  which  po- 
sition he  held  for  six  years;  was  made  patrol  sergeant  at  Hinman 
street,  when  that  station  was  opened;  transferred  to  Central  station 
as  clerk  in  the  detective  department;  after  one  year  was  promoted 
to  a  lieutenancy  and  assigned  to  Desplaines  street  station,  where 
Le  remained  several  years;  was  then  placed  in  charge  of  the  day 
squad  of  the  Central  detail;  served  here  a  year,  and  was  then  trans- 
ferred to  Twelfth  street  station.  Lieutenant  Blettner  served  with 
distinction  in  the  riots  of  1877  and  1886;  has  sent  several  criminals 
to  the  penitentiary  for  forgery  and  burglary,  and  ranks  among  the 
most  energetic  and  reliable  officers  on  the  force. 

FRANCIS  P.  BARCAL,  lieutenant  of  police,  second  precinct  station; 
bom  in  Bohemia  in  1843;  came  to  Chicago  Sept.  6,  1853;  entered 
the  force  in  1877,  and  served  as  a  jjatrolman  for  six  years;  was 
desk  sergeant  for  three  years,  and  was  appointed  lieutenant  March 
18,  1886,  by  Superintendent  Ebersold;  served  with  distinction 
during  the  riot  of  1886,  and  is  considered  a  faithful  and  efficient 
officer. 

INGOMAR  V.  BRICTZKE,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Germany  1844; 
came  to  Cliicago  April  15,  1864;  entered  the  force  April  30,  1871; 
served  as  patrolman  until  October  1, 1874,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  Hinman  street  station  as  desk  sergeant;  has  since  continued  to 
serve  in  that  capacity. 

JAMES  McAVOY,  desk  sergeant;  bom  in  Ireland  in  1841;  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  1867;  entered  the  force  February  28, 1872;  served  as  patrol- 


504  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

mail  iiutil  August  1,  1877,  wheu  he  was  appoiuted  desk  sergeant, 
which  position  he  has  continued  to  fill  ever  since. 

SYLVESTER  KENNEDY,  patrol  sergeant;  born  in  Ireland  in  1843; 
came  to  Chicago  May,  1870;  entered  the  force  January  3,  1880; 
traveled  post  about  one  year;  was  appointed  desk  sergeant  Febru- 
ary, 1881;  appointed  patrol  sergeant  May  1,  1883;  has  sent  several 
thieves  to  the  penitentiary  for  burglary,  and  bears  a  good  record 
for  efficient  service  generally. 

THOMAS  K  WALSH,  lock-up  keeper;  born  in  the  County  Mayo,  Ire- 
land,  m  1842;  came  to  Chicago  1863;  entered  the  force  May,  1870; 
arrested  Billy  Caldwell,  alias  "  Speckled  Billy,"  for  highway  rob- 
bery, in  1872,  and  sent  him  to  Joliet  for  four  years;  arrested  Mike 
Joy  for  robbery,  the  notorious  Eugene  Dougherty  and  other  crim- 
inals. 

HUGH  BURNS,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1847;  came  to  America 
at  ten  years  of  age,  and  remained  in  Baltimore  till  1868,  when  he 
came  to  Chicago;  entered  the  force  January  18,  1875. 

PATRICK  CONWAY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1854;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1869;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

JOHN  J.  CAREY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1847;  came  to  Chicago 
in  1862;  entered  the  force  October,  1875;  arrested  and  convicted  a 
number  of  criminals;  served  in  all  the  riots  since  1875  with  credit. 

MICHAEL  CONNERY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1840;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1856;  entered  the  force  August  1,  1873;  engaged  in  all 
the  riots  from  1877  to  1886;  has  sent  three  thieves  to  Joliet  and 
accomplished  other  good  service. 

PATRICK  CUMMINGS,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1848;  came  to 
Chicago  1856;  entered  the  force  June,  1872;  served  in  the  riots  of 
1877  and  1886. 

CHARLES  DANKS,  patrolman;  born  in  Iowa  1860;  came  to  Chicago  in 

1885;  entered  the  force  June  1,1887. 

MARTIN  DONAHUE,  patrolman;  born  in  Galway,  Ireland,  1852;  came 
to  Chicago  August  4,  1877;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

PATRICK  DOYLE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1854;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1872;  entered  the  force  September,  1882;  sentReduey  Flannery 
and  James  Henshaw  to  the  penitentiary;  was  in  the  riot  of  1886. 

FREDERICK  FOERSTER,  patrolman;  born  at  Frankfort-on-the- 
Main,  Germany,  1858;  came  to  Chicago  1875;  entered  the  force 
April,  1886. 

MALACHY  FALLON,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Roscommon,  Ireland, 
in  1857;  came  to  Chicago  1877;  entered   the  force  June  12,  1883; 


THE    OLD    "terror"    DISTRICT.  505 

arrested  and  convicted  Tonuny  Fitzpatrick  for  robbery,  and  Jacob 
Barley  for  larceny,  both  of  whom  were  sent  to  the  penitentiary. 

THOMAS  FAHEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Watertown,  N.Y.,  18.58;  canxeto 
Cliica^'i)  when  six  mouths  old;  entered  the  force  December  2, 1886. 

FRANK  GOLDEN,  patrolman;  born  Ireland  1858;  came  to  Chicago 
1874;  entered  the  force  January  7,  1875. 

JAMES  HOGAN,  patrolman;  born  at  Kenosha,  Wis.,  November  1, 1852; 
came  to  Chicago  when  1  year  old;  entered  the  force  August  4, 1885. 

JAMES  P.  HANLEY,  patrolman;  born  at  Swanton,  Vt.,  1862;  came  to 
Chicago  July  10,  1883;  entered  the  force  June  20,  1885. 

MICHAEL  HALL!'',  patrolman;  born  Tarbart,  Ireland,  September  28,, 
1852;  came  to  Chicagi  August  12,  1876;  entered  the  force  Decem- 
ber 31,  1884. 

THOMAS  W.  HAMMILL.  patrolman;  born  in  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  1852;  came  to  Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  April  19,  1886. 

EDWARD  HALLE,  patrolman;  born  in  Canada  1845;  came  to  Chicago 
1864;  entered  the  force  1877;  saw  active  service  at  the  Maxwell  and 
McCormick  strikes,  and  in  the  riot  of  1886. 

JEREMIAH  HOULIHAN,  patrolman;  born  in  the  County  Kerry,  Ire- 
land, 1835;  came  to  Chicago  March,  1861;  entered  the  force  May  2, 
1867;  enlisted  in  the  Twenty-third  Illinois  Infantry,  Mulligan 
Brigade,  April  1.5,  1S61;  appointed  sergeant  Co.  F  in  the  spring  of 
1862,  and  first  sergeant  in  the  winter  of  1863;  was  imprisoned  at 
Danville,  Va.,  in  the  ^\anter  of  1864,  for  seven  months. 

AUGUST  HAMBROEK,  patrolman;  born  Hesse,  Germany,  1832;  came 
to  Chicago  in  1847;  entered  the  force  June  14,  1869;  enlisted  July, 
1861,  in  the  Federal  cavalry,  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  first 
drill  sergeant;  served  under  Gen.  Custer;  took  part  in  the  battle 
of  Pea  Ridge,  March,  1862;  after  two  years  was  mustered  out  of 
service  on  account  of  sickness. 

SAJVIUEL  M.  JEWITT,  patrolman;  born  in  Maine  18.55;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1872;  entered  the  force  June,  1884. 

CHARLES  F.  KAYSER,  patrolman;  born  in  Prussia  1848;  came  to 
Chicago  1870;  entered  the  force  May,  1885. 

WILLIAM  KING,  patrolman;  born  at  Marine  City,  Mich.,  1854;  came 
to  Chicago  1870;  entered  the  force  May  8,  1881;  arrested  and  con- 
victed a  number  of  noted  criminals;  served  throughout  the  riots  of 
1886. 

PATRICK  KELLY,  patrolman;  bom  at  Prince  Edwards  Island  1849; 
came  to  Chicago  November,  1862;  entered  the  force  June  1,  1882; 
arrested  Charles  Ray  Oct.  9,  1883,  for  horse  stealing;  Joe  Foley 


500  THE     CHICAGO    POLICE. 

December  31,  1883,  for  robbery;  James  Shea  February  16, 1887,  for 
burglary;  Charles  Downs  June  15,  1884,  for  burglary;  George 
Stahl  August  12,  1884,  for  burglary;  Thomas  Fitzpatrick  Novem- 
ber 1, 1884,  for  robbery;  John  Dutton  December  9,  1884,  for  burg- 
lary; Charles  Roberts  July  4,  1884,  for  ro])bery;  Henry  Moore 
January  5,   1885,   for  larceny;    Edward  Lamontaine  August  15, 

1885,  for  burglary;  all  of  whom  were  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for 
various  terms;  did  service  in  the  riots  of  1886, 

JOSEPH  Z.  LaPLANT,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  in  1856;  entered 
the  force  June  13,  1883;  arrested  Richard  Graham  and  "Screw" 
McCuue  for  robbery,  and  sent  them  to  the  penitentiary  for  three 
years;  assisted  in  sending  Thomas  Touhey  to  Joliet  for  fourteen 
years  for  murder;  served  in  all  the  riots  since  1883. 

JOHN  J.  MAHONEY,  patrolman;  born  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  in  1858;  came 
to  Chicago  when  one  year  old;  entered  the  force  June  5,  1887;  was 
detailed  in  plain  clothes  unJer  instructions  of  Inspector  Bonfield 
for  a  short  time;  was  formerly  railroad  clerk  and  served  for  two 
years  as  watchman  in  the  Court  House. 

JOHN  MINIH AN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1861;  came  to  Chicago 
.    1878;  entered  the  force  February,  1878. 

THOMAS  A.  McGUIRE,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  in  1859;  entered 
the  force  December  28, 1884;  with  Officer  J.  O'Malley  arrested  and 
prosecuted  Albert  McDuff  and  John  Montague  for  a  burglary  at 
12  Miller  street,  and  sent  them  to  the  penitentiary  for  four  years; 
also  arrested  Thomas  Fitzgerald,  alias  "  Nibsey  Fitz,"  September, 

1886,  for  robbery,  and  sent  him  to  Joliet  for  one  year. 

JOHN  MADDICK,  patrolman;  bom  at  Kenosha,  "Wis.,  in  1854;  came 
to  Chicago  in  1869;  entered  the  force  December  16,  1886. 

TERRENCE  McGLYNN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  1878;  entered  the  force  April  19,  1886. 

PATRICK  MEAD,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1851;  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  1871;  entered  the  force  June  12,  1883;  arrested  William 
Kennedy  for  larceny  in  1886,  and  sent  him  to  Joliet. 

JAMES  H.  MARTIN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  in  1855;  entered  the 

force  in  1882. 

JOHN  MOORE,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  in  1849;  came  to  Chicago 
June,  1870;  entered  the  force  June  1,  1882;  has  made  several  im- 
portant arrests. 

JAMES  MURNANE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1839;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1857;  entered  the  force  October,  1873;  sent  Sam.  Mackelrath 
to  Joliet  for  twelve  years  for  the  Litchfield,  111.,  bank  robbery;  also 
File  Durfee  for  five  years  for  burglary;  John  Doyle  for  fifteen 


THE    OLD    "TEllROll"    DiSTlilCT.  507 

years  for  robbery  of  the  Walton  House;  Ed.  Roberts  for  twenty- 
five  years,  for  killing  his  wife;  Eii<jeue  Dougherty  for  life,  for 
murder;  was  also  active  in  sending  Pat.  Guerren  and  James  Car- 
roll to  the  penitentiary  for  the  Galesburg  bank  robbery;  served  in 
all  the  riots  since  1873. 

JAMES  McSHANE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1840;  came  to  Chi- 
cago February,  1S6G;  entered  the  force  in  1883. 

MICHAEL  NASH,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1855;  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  1875;  entered  the  force  December,  1885. 

JOHN  NORTON,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1853;  entered  the  force 
November  4, 1886. 

WILLIAM  NICHOL,  patrolman;  bom  in  Michigan  1849;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1871;  entered  the  force  April,  1886. 

JOHN  O'CONNOR,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1848;  came  to  Chicago 
1866;  entered  the  force  1873. 

JOHN  O'MALLEY,  patrolman;  born  in  the  County  Mayo,  Ireland, 
1853;  came  to  Chicago  May  18, 1873;  entered  the  force  June  5, 1882. 

JAMES  PIDGEON,  patrolman;  born  in  the  province  of  Quebec,  Can- 
ada, 1864;   came  to  Chicago  1876;   entered  the  force  March  2,  1887. 

GEORGE  W.  PEARSALL,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1864;  entered 
the  force  February  21,  1887. 

JOHN  QUINN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1859;  entered  the  force 
December  15,  1874. 

PETERE  VINLOVE,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  in  1850;  entered  the 
force  June  1, 1883. 

DANIEL  G.  RIORDAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1847;  came  to 
Chicago  July  7,  1870;  entered  the  force  January  7,  1873. 

JOHN  RYAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1860;  came  to  Chicago 
May  10,  1879;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

MICHAEL  RAFTERY,  patrolman;  born  in  the  County  Galway,  Ire- 
land, in  1861;  came  to  Chicago  April,  1879;  entered  the  force  June 
10,  1887. 

JACOB  A.  SWIKARD,  patrolman;  bom  near  Utica,  N.  Y.,  1847;  came 
to  Chicago  1858;  entered  the  force  1880;  enlisted  in  the  58th  Illi- 
nois Infantry,  at  Camp  Douglas,  in  1861,  served  through  the  war 
and  was  discharged  from  the  army  in  the  spring  of  1865;  took  part 
in  the  Battle  of  Fort  Donelson,  the  Battle  of  Shiloh,  and  the  Siege 
of  Corinth;  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  Battle  of  luka.  Miss.,  and 
taken  to  Vicksburg  and  paroled  in  1862;  was  at  the  engagement  at 
Fort  Derusay,  on  the  banks  of  the  Red  River,  and  Pleasant  Hill, 
]\Iarksville  Prairie,  and  Chafilan  Bayou,  Louisiana. 


508  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

JOSEPH  SNYDER,  patrolmuu;  bom  at  Toronto,  Canada,  in  1856;  came 
to  Chicago  December,  1860;  entered  the  force  April  19,  1886. 

AUGUST  H.  SCHRAGE,  patrolman;  born  at  Menasha,  Wis.,  in  1863; 
came  to  Chicago  1881;  entered  the  force  April  20, 1886. 

THOMAS  SULLIVAN,  patrohnan;  bom  in  Ireland  in  1849;  came  to 
Chicago  October,  1868;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1885;  ar- 
rested Thomas  Moore  for  burglary  and  sent  him  to  the  penitentiary. 

FREDERICK  SHANER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Cista,  Bohemia,  in  1856; 
came  to  Chicago  1867;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  ar- 
rested Jerry  Peck  and  Frank  Kozeli  for  robbery,  and  sent  them  to 
Joliet  for  three  years  each. 

CHARLES  F.  STERN,  patrolman;  bora  in  West  Prussia.  Germany,  in 
1860;  came  to  Chicago  in  1865;  entered  the  force  April  15,  1887. 

JOHN  STEWART,  patrolman;  bom  at  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  in  1854; 
came  to  Chicago  in  1875;  entered  the  force  May  4,  1887. 

HiNMAN  Street  Station,  corner  of  Hinman  and  Paulina 
streets,  one  of  the  most  important  stations  in  the  city,  was 
erected  in  1872,  and  is  situated  in  the  center  of  the  great 
lumber  and  manufacturing  district,  where  a  majority  of  all 
the  great  strikes  and  riots  have  originated.  It  was  in  this 
district,  and  principally  by  the  Hinman  street  men,  that  the 
great  work  of  suppression  of  1876,  during  the  lumber  shov- 
ers'  strike,  and  in  1877,  during  the  railroad  strike  and  riots, 
was  so  admirably  done.  In  1886  the  officers  of  this  district, 
assisted  by  reinforcements  from  abroad,  prevented  the  de- 
struction of  the  McCormick  works.  So  great  and  so  diverse- 
are  the  interests  which  center  here,  that  scarcely  a  month 
passes  which  does  not  see  a  strike  of  some  kind.  The  dis- 
trict patrolled  by  the  force  of  this  station  is  bounded  north 
by  West  Sixteenth  street,  south  by  the  south  branch  of  the 
Chicago  River,  east  by  Loomis  street  and  west  by  the  city 
limits,  an  area  of  about  four  and  one-fourth  square  miles, 
containing  a  population  estimated  at  about  20,000. 

RICHARD  A.  SHEPPARD,  lieutenant  commanding  Hinman  street 
district;  bom  in  Ireland  1849;  brought  to  America  by  his  family 
in  1860,  settling  in  Cleveland,  Oswego  county,  N.  Y.;  arrived  in 
Chicago  in  1866,  and  took  position  first  as  driver  and  then  as  con- 
ductor on  a  North  Division  street-car;  after  the  fire  went  into  busi- 


THE    OLD    "TEKROir'    DISTRICT.  509 

uees  with  his  brother;  entered  the  police  force  August  25,  1875; 
married  Miss  Mary  Green,  of  Waukegan,  in  1876;  served  as  patrol- 
man for  a  short  time  and  was  promoted  to  a  sergeantcy  in  1878,  at 
Hinman  street  station;  transferred  to  Deering  street  1879;  served 
there  until  raised  to  a  lieutenancy  and  given  charge  of  his  i)reseut 
command;  is  a  member  of  the  Policemen's  Benevolent  Associa- 
tion, Police  State  Association,  Kilwinning  Lodge  of  Masons,  Order 
of  the  Red  Cross  and  Chicago  Council  No.  4,  Corinthian  Chapter; 
as  a  police  officer  has  frequently  distinguished  himself,  notably 
during  the  labor  riots  of  1877,  and  three  years  later  during  the 
great  butchers'  strike  at  the  stock  yards;  was  placed  in  charge  of 
the  Triennial  Conclave  of  the  Knights  Templar  on  the  lake  front  in 
1880,  and  preserved  order  and  the  dignity  of  the  gathering  admira- 
bly; was  dangerously  shot  the  same  year  by  thieves  connected  with 
the  celebrated  gas-house  robbery,  in  which  S4,000  was  taken,  and 
later  with  the  rolling  mills  robbery,  in  which  S10,000  was  stolen; 
arrested  the  murderer  McCue;  had  charge  of  the  lumber  district 
during  the  labor  riots  of  1886,  during  which  time  three  thousand 
sti-ikers  attacked  the  McCormick  works  on  the  now  famous  Black 
Road;  is  a  fearless  officer,  of  splendid  executive  ability  and  has 
the  confidence  of  superiors  and  citizens. 

EDWARD  BARTH,  desk  sergeant;  born  at  Barriugton,  111.,  1857;  came 
to  Chicago  April,  1873;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884 

WILLIAM  SENNOTT  McGUIRE,  desk  sergeant;  born  at  Lamont, 
111.,  in  1857;  came  to  Chicago  September,  1880;  entered  the  force 
July,  1882. 

HIRAM  ALLEN  EARL,  patrol  sergeant;  born  at  Morristown,  Vt., 
1843;  came  to  Chicago  1880;  entered  the  force  May,  1882;  dis- 
tinguished for  his  bravery  during  the  riots  of  1886;  was  present  at 
the  time  of  the  bomb  explosion  at  Haymarket  square. 

BENJAMIN  BURNS,  patrolman;  bom  at  Lawrence,  Mass.,  1859;  came 
to  Chicago  1877;  entered  the  force  August,  1885;  exhibited  bravery 
during  the  riots  of  1886. 

MARK  BELL,  patrolman;  born  at  Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  1855;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1862;  entered  the  force  June,  1887. 

PATRICK  BURK,  patrolman;  born  at  Florence,  111.,  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  March,  1882;  entered  the  force  August,  1887. 

MICHAEL  CIBROWSKI,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1856;  came 
to  Chicago  in  1868;  entered  the  force  April  20,  1886;  mentioned 
for  brave  conduct  during  riots  of  that  year. 

JOHN  CLARK,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1862;  came  to  Chicago 
April,  1882;  entered  the  force  April,  1887. 

RICHARD  CULLEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1862;  came  to  Chi- 


510  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

cajjo  1877;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  distinguished 
himself  during  riots  of  1886. 

THOMAS  CULLERTON,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1844;  entered 
the  force  1874. 

WILLIAM  DILLON,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to  Chi- 
cago June,  1875;  entered  the  force  June,  1883;  distinguished  him- 
self during  the  riots  of  1886. 

THOMAS  F.  FARRELL,  patrolman;  born  in  Madison,  Wis.,  1859; 
came  to  Chicago  1877;  entered  the  force  March,  1885;  distinguished 
himself  during  the  riots  of  1886. 

JESSE  FAIRCHILDS,  patrolman;  born  in  Johnson  county,  Ky.,  1847; 
came  to  Chicago  1872;  entered  the  force  March,  1875;  distinguished 
himself  during  the  riots  of  1886. 

CHARLES  R.  FUGATE,  patrolman;  born  in  Salem,  Ohio,  1850;  came 
to  Chicago  April,  1873;  entered  the  force  March,  1880;  with  Offi- 
cer Fitzgerald,  in  1885,  arrested  the  Italian,  Michael  Rosso,  who 
killed  John  Kehoe,  Sept.  13,  1885,  at  the  corner  of  Nineteenth  and 
Halsted  streets;  also  distinguished  himself  at  the  McCormick 
factory  during  the  riot  of  1886. 

JAJMES  EDWARD  FITZGERALD,  patrolman;  born  in  Fond  du  Lac, 
Wis.,  1854;  came  to  Chicago  May,  1871;  entered  the  force  Decem- 
ber, 1884;  with  Officer  Fugate  arrested  the  Italian  who  killed 
John  Kehoe,  September  13,  1885,  at  the  corner  of  Nmeteenth  and 
Halsted  streets;  also  distinguished  himself  at  the  McCormick  fac- 
tory dviring  the  riots  of  1886. 

OWEN  FOX,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1860;  came  to  Chicago  April, 
1882;  entered  the  force  June,  1887. 

CHARLES  P.  FLANNIGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Kane  county,  lU., 
1864;  came  to  Chicago  November,  1882;  entered  the  force  June, 

1887. 

CHARLES  JOHN  JOHNSON,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago,  1859; 
entered  the  force  May,  1885;  in  1886,  arrested  Varlav  Dejnek,  one 
of  the  mob  who  attempted  to  hang  Officer  William  Casey  on  May 
3,  1886;  also  arrested,  in  1885,  the  notorious  Fred  Binzle,  a  burglar. 

JAMES  W.  KNOWLS,  patrolman;  born  in  Elgin,  El.,  1859;  came  to 
Chicago  1876;  entered  the  force  June,  1881;  distinguished  himself 
during  the  riots  of  1886. 

MICHAEL  KILGALLON,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1860;  came  to 
Chicago  September,  1876;  entered  the  force  April,  1886;  distin- 
guished himself  during  the  riots  of  1886. 

MICHAEL  E.  KEATING,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago,  1859;  en- 
tered the  force  August,  1882;  in  1886,  arrested  James  Kane,  one  of 


THE    OLD    "TEKKOR"    DISTRICT.  511 

the  four  who,  after  guf^ging  the  postmaster  at  Mt.  Forest,  111., 
robbed  the  office  of  a  large  sum  of  money  and  stamps. 

JAMES  KANE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to  Chicago 
1865;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  on  May  3,  1886,  picked  up 
a  dynamite  bomb,  with  a  burning  fuse  attached,  and  threw  it  from 
the  patrol  wagon,  where  it  had  been  placed  by  some  unknown  per- 
son, at  the  corner  of  Center  avenue  and  Seventeenth  streets,  saving 
his  o\\Ti  and  the  lives  of  many  other  officers. 

J.  H.  LINDELSEE,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1858;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1870;  eatered  the  force  April,  1886;  distinguished  himself 
during  the  riots  of  1886. 

JAMES  MANSFIELD,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1848;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1867;  entered  the  force  December  14,  1884;  distinguished 
himself  during  the  riots  of  1886. 

WILLIAM  McCLELLAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Lawrence,  Pa.,  1853; 
came  to  Chicago  December,  1880;  entered  the  force  June,  1887. 

WILLIAM  O'BRIEN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1853;  came  to  Chi- 
cago May,  1866;  entered  the  force  April,  1886;  distinguished  him- 
self during  the  riots  of  1886. 

JAMES  PICENY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Bohemia  1855;  came  to  Chicago 
May,  1860;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  distinguished  him- 
self during  the  riots  of  1886. 

LOUIS  F.  SHANE,  patrolman;  bom  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  1858;  came 
to  Chicago  May,  1871;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  distin- 
guished himself  during  the  riots  of  1886,  and  made  several  import- 
ant arrests;  also  gave  great  assistance  to  the  state's  attorney  in, 
1886,  in  locating  witnesses  for  the  anarchist  trial. 

MATHEW  ZEMICK,  patrolman;  born  in  Bohemia  1860;  came  to  Chi- 
cago, September,  1870;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  distin- 
guished himself  during  the  riots  of  1886. 

Canalport  Avenue  Station,  Canalport  avenue,  near 
Halsted  street,  was  opened  July  27,  1886,  with  Lieutenant 
John  Rehm  in  command.  The  station  was  given  a  total 
force  of  thirty-three  men.  It  was  publicly  dedicated  by  the 
citizens  of  the  district  August  5,  1886.  It  is  located  in  the 
]ieart  of  the  Bohemian  settlement.  The  district  patrolled  by 
the  officers  of  this  station  is  bounded  north  by  West  Six- 
teenth street;  south  and  east  by  the  south  branch  of  the 
Chicago  River,  and  west  by  Loomis  street.  The  area  is  about 
one  square  mile,  and  the  estimated  population  about  25,000. 

39 


512  THE     CHICAGO    POLICE. 

JOHN  REHM,  lieutenant  of  police,  commanding  Canalport  avenue 
district;  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  in  184:8,  of  German  parents;  at- 
tended school  until  ten  years  of  age;  lived  on  a  farm  in  Carroll 
county,  Md.,  until  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion;  then  entered  the 
government  service  at  Washington  as  a  teamster;  left  the  service  in 
1864.  and  again  followed  the  farming  pursuit  for  two  or  three 
years;  returned  to  Baltimore  in  1867,  and  learned  the  box-making 
trade,  at  which  he  worked  until  1871,  when  he  left  for  St.  Louis, 
and  there  engaged  in  the  bottling  business;  after  a  few  months- 
trial,  gave  it  up,  and  came  to  Chicago  in  July,  1871 ;  resumed  his 
trade  here,  and  was  employed  by  different  firms  in  this  city  until 
September  11,  1874,  when  he  entered  the  police  force  as  patrolman; 
was  promoted  to  a  desk  sergeantcy  March  17,  1875,  at  Hinman 
street  station;  transferred  to  Union  street  station  April  1,  1876; 
promoted  to  patrol  sergeantcy  August  1,  1878,  and  assigned  to 
West  Twelfth  street  station;  remained  there  about  two  years; 
transferred  to  West  Lake  street  station,  remaining  there  seven 
months,  and  then  transferred  to  West  Twelfth  street  station;  after 
two  years  was  transferred  to  Twenty-second  street  station,  at 
which  point  he  was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy,  April  20,  1884,  and 
assigned  to  take  charge  of  the  Thirty-fifth  street  station ;  remained 
there  till  July  7  of  same  year,  when  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
Canalport  avenue  district;  has  held  every  rank  in  the  department 
up  to  the  one  he  now  holds;  has  never  been  reprimanded  by  a 
superior  officer.  Lieutenant  Rehm  secured  the  first  conviction 
ever  obtained  in  this  city  under  the  "  Habitual  Criminal's  Act,"  send- 
ing a  notorious  burglar  to  the  penitentiary  for  twenty  years.  In 
this  work  he  was  assisted  by  Lieutenant  Steele.  Arrested  the  no- 
torious Dr.  Thomas  N.  Cream  for  abortion,  who  was  afterward 
sentenced  for  life  on  a  charge  of  murder,  at  Wheaton;  in  the  street- 
car troubles  of  1885,  had  charge  of  a  company  under  Captain  Bon- 
field,  and  took  part  in  the  celebrated  "clubbing"  procession  down 
Madison  street;  also  took  an  active  part  during  the  switchmen's 
strike;  responded  to  the  call  for  assistance  after  the  Haymarket 
bomb  explosion,  and  assisted  in  the  restoration  of  order,  the  care 
of  the  wounded,  etc.,  on  the  night  of  May  4.  Lieutenant  Rehm  is 
one  of  the  most  popular  officers  on  the  force,  and  as  discreet  as  he 
is  courteous. 

DENIS  FITZPATRICK,  desk  sergeant;  born  at  Amsterdam,  N.  Y., 
1842;  came  to  Chicago  1847;  entered  the  force  May  2,  1866;  served 
four  years  and  six  months  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion  in  the 
Eleventh  Illinois  Infantry,  eight  and  a  half  months  of  that  time 
in  rebel  prisons,  part  of  the  time  under  the  infamous  Wirz,  at 
Andersonville. 

JOHN  E.  PTACEK,  desk  sergeant;  bom  at  Ottawa,  HI.,  1861;  came  to 
Chicago  when  an  infant;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 


THE    OLD    '•TEllKOK*"'    DISTRICT.  513 

JAMES  FOX,  patrol  sergeaut;  bom  iu  Irelaud  1844;  came  to  Chicago 
1869;  entered  the  force  September  18, 1885. 

JOHN  MONAGHAN,  patrolman  in  signal  service;  born  in  Ireland 
1852;  came  to  Chicago  1869;  entered  the  force  September,  1885. 

JOHN  B.  BAGINSKI,  patrolman;  born  in  Poland  1854;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1874;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1883. 

MICHAEL  BRUNSFELD,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1855;  came  to 
Chicago  June,  1872;  entered  the  force  August  1,  1887. 

WM.  DEYITT,  patrolman;  bom  iu  Toronto,  Iowa,  1864;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1884;  entered  the  force  ,Tuly  1,  1886. 

JAMES  DIXON,  patrolman;  born  in  Ohio  1854;  came  to  Chicago  1882; 
entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

JOHN  DEGAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1863;  entered  the  force 
July  1, 1886;  a  brother  to  the  late  Officer  Mathias  Degan,  the  first 
man  killed  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

JOHN  J.  EGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to  Chicago 
1863;  entered  the  force  in  1877,  and  re-entered  in  1883;  served  four 
years  and  three  months  in  the  3rd  Virginia  Cavalry  during  the  late 
war;  enlisted  as  ijrivate  and  came  out  captain;  in  1883  or  1884, 
arrested  Anderson,  the  murderer  of  Officer  Pierce,  of  the  St. 
Louis  force;  resisting,  was  shot  through  the  thumb;  was  in  the 
McCormick  riots. 

PATRICK  GORMAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1862;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1881;  entered  the  force  April  15,  1887. 

PATRICK  J.  GORDON,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chi- 
cago May  3, 1881;  entered  the  force  July  10,  1886. 

PETER  GOETLEL,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1860;  entered  the 
force  August  1,  1887. 

PATRICK  HOGAN,  patrolman;  born  iu  Ireland  1862;  came  to  Chicago 
1880;  entered  the  force  1886. 

AUGUST  KOEPPEN,  patrolman;  born  iu  Chicago  1857;  entered  the 
force  July  1,  1886. 

JOHN  McDERMOTT,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1843;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1871 ;  entered  the  force  December  29,  1875;  served  four  years 
on  the  force  in  Ireland,  and  one  year  in  Liverpool,  Eng. 

JAMES  J.  MURRAY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Virginia  1858;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1870;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

THOS.  MARTIN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1857;  came  to  Chicago 
in  1880;  entered  the  force  July  i,  1886. 

PATRICK  McGRATH.  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1863;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1882;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1887. 


514  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

JOHN  MoDONALD,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1851;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1869;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1883;  was  in  the  McCor- 
mick  riots. 

WM.  NOLAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1855;  enterel  the  force 
July  1,  1886. 

TIMOTHY  O'MEARD,  patrolman;  bom  in  Gilbertville,  Mass.,  lS6r;\ 
came  to  Chicago  1868;  entered  the  force  June  3, 1887. 

PATRICK  J.  O'BRIEN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1863;  came  to 
Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  February  20,  1887. 

TIMOTHY  O'CONNOR,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chi- 
cago Augut,  1879;  entered  the  force  August  1,  1887. 

MICHAEL  W.  QUINLAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1841;  came  to- 
Chicago  1852;  entered  the  force  March,  1871;  re-entered  Jirne  13, 
1883;  was  in  the  McCormick  riot. 

RICHARD  F.  QUINN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1858;  entered  the 
force  July  1,  1886. 

PETER  RAGGIO,  patrolman;  born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  1862;  came  to 
Chicago  1863;  entered  the  force  June  3, 1887. 

JOHN  R.  RYAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1864;  came  to  Chicago' 
1881;  entered  the  force  February  21,  1887. 

JOHN  SMALL,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chicago 
1874;  entered  the  force  January  16, 1885;  was  at  the  McCormick  riot.. 

West  Thirteenth  Street  Station,  "West  Thirteenth 
street,  near  Oakley  avenue,  is  one  of  the  newest  of  the  sub- 
stations. It  was  opened  May  1,  1886,  with  John  Croak^ 
lieutenant,  commanding;  Richard  Moore,  patrol  sergeant; 
O.  Z.  Barber  and  Edward  Watson,  desk  sergeants,  and 
thirty-four  men.  The  district  patrolled  by  the  force  of  this 
station  is  bounded  north  by  West  Harrison  street,  east  by 
Loom  is  street,  south  by  AVest  Sixteenth  street,  and  west  hy 
the  city  limits;  the  area  is  about  three  and  one-fourth 
square  miles,  and  the  population  in  1886  was  estimated  at 
25,000.  This  section  of  the  city,  however,  has  been  filling- 
up  rapidly  of  late,  and  the  population  now  is  estimated  to  be 
fully  30,000. 

JOHN  CROAK,  lieutenant  of  police,  commanding  West  Thirteenth 
street  district;  bom  in  Ireland  1837;  came  to  Chicago  1852;  en- 
tered the  force  1869;   was  appointed  patrolman  and  assigned  to 


THE    OLD    "terror"    DISTRICT.  515 

duty  at  the  old  Armory  station,  corner  of  Franklin  and  Adams 
streets;  rendered  great  service  t(i  many  families  in  assistinj,'  them 
to  escape  dnrin<,'  the  yreat  fire;  took  an  active  part  in  the  riot  of 
1877,  and  shortly  after  was  appointed  to  the  mayor's  staff  under 
Mr.  Heath,  which  position  he  held  till  1879;  was  then  appointed 
patrol  serf,'eant  and  assi4,med  to  duty  orf  the  Central  detail;  in  1884 
was  appointed  lieutenant,  and  assigned  to  duty  at  the  Thirty-fifth 
street  station;  in  1885  was  transferred  to  West  Twelfth  street 
station;  w.as  at  the  McCorraick  riot  in  the  spring  of  1885;  at  the 
*=*■  Maxwell  strike  in  the  winter  of  1885-6;    also  at  the  assault  upon 

the  drug  store  and  saloon,  corner  of  Center  avenue  and  Eighteenth 
street,  when  the  former  was  almost  entirely  demolished;  at  the  Mc- 
Cormick  strike  and  riot  on  the  "Black  Road"  in  188G;  was  then 
assigned  to  duty  at  and  opened  the  new  West  Thirteenth  street 
station,  at  that  time  just  completed.  Lieutenant  Croak  is  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  most  faithful  and  able  officers  in  the  de- 
partment. 

ORVILLE  Z.  BARBER,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Connecticut  in  1845; 
came  to  Chicago  1867;  entered  the  force  May  1,  1872;  has  arrested 
many  criminals,  who  have  been  convicted  and  sentenced  to  the 
penitentiary;  arrested  the  notorious  burglar,  John  English,  for 
])urglary  and  attempted  murder,  and  secured  his  imprisonment  in 
the  penitentiary  for  nine  years. 

EDWARD  WATSON,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Scotland  in  1843;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1847;  entered  the  force  October,  1873. 

riTCHARD  J.  MOORE,  patrol  sergeant;  bom  in  Illinois  1848;  came  to 
Chicago  1873;  entered  the  force  July  18,  1873;  on  October  4,  1884, 
arrested  Joe  Williams,  who  was  convicted  of  murder  and  sentenced 
for  life;  was  in  the  McCormick  riot,  May  3,  1886;  also  at  the  Hay- 
market  riot  on  the  following  evening;  also  did  service  in  the  riots 
at  Center  aveniie  and  Eighteenth  streets.  May  4  and  5,  1886. 

JAMES  E.  CULLERTON,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1859;  entered 
the  force  December,  1884;  served  in  the  Black  Road,  Haymarket 
and  Eighteenth  street  riots. 

THOMAS  CURTIS,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1846;  came  to  Chicago 
1868;  entered  the  force  October,  1881;  was  shot  by  George  Thomp- 
son, a  colored  burglar,  February  22,  1882;  was  engaged  in  the  Mc- 
Cormick, Haymarket  and  Eighteenth  street  riots. 

THOMAS  DONOHUE,  patrolman;  born  at  Elgin,  111.,  1857;  came  to 
Chicago  1882;  served  in  the  McCormick,  Haymarket  and  Eight- 
eenth street  riots. 

JOHN  DUNNIGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1864;  came  to  Chicago 
1880;  entered  the  force  April,  1886;  served  in  the  McCormick,  Hay- 
market and  Eighteenth  street  riots. 


51G  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

OWEN  DOUGHERTY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1855;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1877;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  served  at  the  Mc- 
Cormick,  Haymarket  and  Eighteenth  street  riots. 

FEANK  ELLWOOD,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1861;  came  to  Chi- 
cago  1878;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  served  in  the  Mc- 
Cormick,  Haymarket* and  Eighteenth  street  riots. 

HENRY  FITZGERALD,  patrolman;  born  in  Canada  1862;  entered  the 
force  December,  1884;  served  in  the  McCormick,  Haymarket  and 
Eighteenth  street  riots. 

DAVID  B.  FERNS,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  1855;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1860;  entered  the  force  Jime  3,  1887. 

DANIEL  A.  GRACE,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1864;  entered  the 
force  April,  1887. 

CHARLES  HOFFMAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ohio  1857;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1878;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

JOHN  M.  HAINES,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  1858;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1872;  entered  the  force  August,  1874;  sent  to  the  penitentiary 
Albert  Emill,  alias  Bater,  a  notorious  safe-blower,  for  ten  years; 
was  shot  by  the  officer  while  resisting  arrest;  also  Webster  Pease^ 
the  notorious  hotel  thief,  for  six  years;  served  with  distinction  in 
the  McCormick,  Haymarket  and  Eighteenth  street  riots. 

AUGUST  L.  HARDER,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1862;  came  to 
Chicago  1868;  entered  the  force  April,  1886;  was  in  the  riots  at  the 
Haymarket,  McCormick's  factory,  and  at  Center  avenue  and 
Eighteenth  street. 

HENRY  C.  KLUSMANN,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1849;  came  to 
Chicago  1852;  entered  the  force  July,  1886. 

JOHN  B.  MEDRS,  patrolman;  born  in  Bloomsburgh,  Penn.,  185.3; 
came  to  Chicago  1868;  entered  the  force  June,  1887. 

THOMAS  McNAMARA,  patrolman;    born  in  Tarrytown,  N.  Y..  1855; 

came  to  Chicago  September,  1879;  entered  the  force  June,  1887. 

JAMES  MADDEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to  Chicago 
1867;  entered  the  force  July  1, 1883;  was  in  the  Haymarket,  Mc- 
Cormick and  Center  avenue  and  Eighteenth  street  riots  of  1886. 

PATRICK  McLaughlin,  patrolman:  born  in  Ireland  1851:  came  to 
Chicago  1880;  entered  the  force  September,  1885;  was  wounded 
at  the  Haymarket  riot,  1886. 

PATRICK  MAGUIRE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1857;  came  to  C  hi- 
cago  1877;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  was  in  the  riots  of 
May,  1886. 

DENNI8  McCarthy,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland.  1861;  entered  the 
force  August  7,  1885;  was  in  all  the  riots  of  May,  1886. 


THE    OLD    "TEKliOH       DISTRICT.  517 

DENNIS  O'SHEA,  patrolman;  born  iu  Ireland  1860;  came  to  Chicago 
1880;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  was  in  all  the  riots  of 

1886. 

CHARLES  O'CONNELL,  patrolman;  born  in  Illinois  1852;  came  to 
Chicago  1862;  entered  the  force  July  28,  1875;  was  in  the  Haymar- 
ket,  McCormick  and  Center  avenue  and  Eighteenth  street  riots  in 
1886, 

CHARLES  PEHLKE,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1859;  came  to 
Chicago  July,  1871;  entered  the  force  June,  1887. 

THOMAS  J.  ROACH,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1852;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1871;  entered  the  force  June,  1883;  was  in  the  Haymarket, 
McCormick  and  Center  avenue  and  Eighteenth  street  riots  of  1886. 

JOSEPH  L.  RIVERS,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  1850;  came  to 
Chicago  1859;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  was  in  the  Hay- 
market  and  McCormick  riots  of  1886. 

JOHN  STOKES,  patrolman;  born  in  London,  Eng.,  1852;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1852;  entered  the  force  April,  1887. 

JERRY  W.  SWEIG,  patrolman;  born  in  Luxemburg,  Germany,  1860; 
came  to  Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  December,  1886. 

CHARLES  S.  TOOL  AN,  patrolman;  born  in  Pennsylvania  1848;  came 
to  Chicago  1874;  entered  the  force  June  20,  1882;  was  in  the  Hay- 
market  and  other  riots  of  May,  1886. 

JOHN  J.  WALSH,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1856;  came  to  Chicago 
1868;  entered  the  force  April,  1887. 

Deeking  Street  Station,  No.  2913  Deering  street. 
This  district  was  organized  November  1,  1870,  the  station 
being  then  at  the  corner  of  Archer  avenue  and  Main  street, 
with  Sergeant  Edward  Hood  in  command;  succeeded  by 
WilliEim  Carberry,  June  1,  1877;  next  by  Matt.  Beadell, 
August  1,  1878;  next  by  John  D.  Shea,  May,  1887,  the 
present  lieutenant  commanding.  The  district  patrolled  by 
the  force  of  this  station  is  bounded  north  by  the  south 
branch  of  the  Chicago  River;  on  the  south,  from  South 
Halsted  street  to  Ashland  avenue,  by  Thirty-first  street,  and 
from  Ashland  avenue  west  by  the  south  city  limits ;  on  the 
east,  from  the  south  branch  of  the  Chicago  River  to  Thirty - 
first  street,  by  Halsted  street;  and  from  Thirty-first  street 
to  the  south  city  limits,  an  area  of  three  and  a  half  square 
miles,  containing  about  30,000  inhabitants. 


518  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

JOHN  D,  SHEA,  lieutenant  of  police,  comniandiuf^-  Deering  street  dis- 
trict, was  born  in  the  to^vIl  of  Palos,  sixteen  miles  from  Chicago,  in 
Cook  county,  on  the  7th  of  February,  1848.  His  boyhood  was 
spent  in  Palos,  where  he  attended  the  district  school,  and  received 
a  fair  education.  Leaving  his  father's  roof  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
five,  young  Shea  came  to  Chicago,  and  immediately  obtained  an 
appointment  as  patrolman  on  the  jjolice  force.  This  was  on  the 
iirst  day  of  August,  1873,  and  during  Elmer  Washburn's  time. 
On  the  day  of  his  appointment,  another  young  man,  with  a  fresh, 
chubby  face,  also  from  the  rural  districts,  was  measured,  weigl^ed, 
t^xamined  and  accepted.  The  latter  is  now  captain  of  the  Central 
detail.  Patrolman  Shea  was  assigned  to  the  Twelfth  street  station, 
then  in  charge  of  Sergeant  Simon  O'Donuell,  and  remained  at  that 
post  about  two  years,  or  until  Sergeant  O'Donuell  was  created  a 
captain  and  placed  in  charge  of  the  first  precinct.  Following  his 
commanding  officer  to  the  Harrison  street  station,  he  remained 
there  about  one  month,  when  Superintendent  Hickey  offered  him 
a  position  on  the  detective  force — an  offer  which  he  cheerfully 
accepted.  Clad  in  plain  clothes,  he  was  assigned  to  the  Union 
street  station,  then  in  charge  of  Captain — afterward  superintend- 
ent— Seavey.  For  some  time  Detective  Shea  traveled  with  Ed- 
ward Lansing,  now  in  business  on  Clark  street,  and  later  with 
Edward  Keating,  one  of  the  shrewdest  and  best  detectives  Chicago 
ever  had.  Keating  is  dead.  When  Superintendent  Hickey  was 
removed,  Captain  Seavey  was  appointed  to  his  place,  but  after 
serving  a  few  months,  he  was  taken  with  what  proved  to  be  a  fatal 
illness.  During  a  part  of  the  time  while  the  superintendent  was 
ill.  Deputy  Superintendent  Dixon  was  acting  chief,  but  his  resig- 
nation was  requested  by  Mayor  Harrison,  who  appointed  Simon 
O'Donuell  deputy  superintendent.  After  Superintendent  Seavey's 
death  Simon  O'Donuell  was  appointed  general  superintendent, 
and  he  transferred  Detective  Shea  to  the  Central  station,  svhere  he 
continued  in  the  secret  service.  During  O'Donnell's  administra- 
tion. Detective  Shea  worked  with  Keating  a  portion  of  the  time, 
and  then  with  Joseph  Kipley.  The  trio  came  to  be  looked  upon  as 
the  ablest  detectives  on  the  force.  When  McGarigle  was  made 
chief  and  Austin  Doyle  secretary,  they  sent  for  Kipley,  Keating 
and  Shea  one  day,  and  said  to  them:  "Boys,  we're  going  to  do 
something  for  you;  we're  going  to  make  you  lieutenants."  This 
promotion  came  as  a  surprise,  as  the  detectives  did  not  know  how 
well  they  stood  in  the  eyes  of  the  new  heads  of  the  department. 
Lieutenant  Shea  was  assigned  to  the  Twenty-second  street  station, 
vice  Lieutenant  Buckley,  transferred  and  promoted  to  a  captaincy 
for  the  second  time.  He  remained  in  command  of  the  Twenty- 
second  street  station  until  Doyle  became  superintendent,  when  the 
latter  offered  him  the  position  of  chief  of  detectives.  This  he  ac- 
cepted, and  held  that  position,  associated  with  Lieutenant  Kipley, 


THE    OLD    '-terror"    DISTRICT.  519 

during  Doyle's  admiEiistratiou,  and  luidor  Superintonlont  Ebor- 
sold  until  the  eleoliou  ol'  Mayor  liocbe,  when  ho  was  transferred  to 
Deeriui,'  street  station.  Lieutenant  Shea  has  had  a  most  eventful 
and  interesting  career  as  a  detective.  One  of  his  first  cases  was  the 
arrest  of  Michael  McQuade  and  Jim  Brady,  two  notorious  horse 
thieves.  Their  scheme  was  to  steal  horses  and  buggies,  and  take 
them  to  a  small  town  in  the  interior,  where  they  had  a  "fence." 
They  would  sell  the  horses  they  stole  here  to  farmers,  and  then 
steal  horses  from  the  farmers  on  their  way  back,  disposing  of 
them  in  Chicago.  Shea  and  Keating  recovered  thirteen  head  of 
horses,  eleven  buggies,  sixteen  sets  of  harness,  and  several  wagons. 
Brady  was  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  three  years  ;  McQuade  es- 
caped on  straw  bail.  In  a  little  affair  on  Clark  street  with  some 
city  thugs,  Shea  was  struck  on  the  back  of  the  head  with  a  brick, 
and  had  his  nose  broken.  He  arrested  Chris.  Sheridan  and  George 
B.  Day  after  robbing  Mr.  Johnson  and  wife,  corner  of  Aberdeen 
and  Van  Buren  streets;  Sheridan  was  an  ex-convict  from  Jefferson 
Oity,  Mo.;  Day  was  a  private  detective;  both  were  sentenced  to  ten 
years.  He  arrested  John  Quinn,  Thomas  Bailey  and  Charles 
Williams  for  burglary  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  Chris.  Hotz,  and 
sent  them  to  the  penitentiary  for  nine  years  each.  He  arrested 
^'Bull"  Crane,  Thomas  Gafney  and  Edward  Moran  on  nine 
charges  of  highway  robbery.  Crane  was  sentenced  for  fourteen, 
Gafney  for  nine  years.  He  arrested  the  notorious  Jimmy  Carroll 
for  robbing  the  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Bank,  at  Galesburg,  111., 
of  S9,000,  together  with  "  Paddy  "  Guerin  and  Mark  Davis.  Car- 
roll was  a  power  in  Chicago  among  his  class  previous  to  Harrison's 
administration.  It  was  his  custom  to  organize  gangs  of  bank  rob- 
bers in  Chicago  and  make  raids  upon  outside  towns,  on  the  "still" 
plan.  Carroll  planned  the  robberies,  and  his  men  executed  them. 
His  career  is  familiar  to  Chicago  people,  do^Ti  to  his  final  convic- 
tion at  Galesburg.  One  of  his  expert  "  workers  "  was  Kid  O'Brien, 
who  was  shot  and  killed  by  Officer  William  Jones.  The  notorious 
Billy  Burke  was  the  latter's  successor.  The  entire  gang  was 
captured  by  Detective  Shea  and  his  companions,  and  the  work 
done  by  them  was  considered  admirable.  He  arrested  Charles 
Mitchell  and  two  pals  for  the  burglary  of  General  Joe  Stockton's 
residence,  at  Lake  View.  Mitchell  aroxtsed  General  Stockton  on 
entering  his  room.  The  burglar  started  for  the  door,  and  General 
Stockton  threw  an  inkstand  at  him.  Mitchell  then  fired  upon  the 
general,  the  ball  striking  the  wall  just  above  his  head.  The  fellow 
got  eight  years  in  the  penitentiary,  and  his  companions  three 
years  each.  Detectives  Kipley  and  Shea  arrested  the  notorious 
William  Heed,  Charles  Pearson  and  Al.  Beader  on  Washington 
street,  near  the  tunnel.  They  were  preparing  to  commit  a  series  of 
burglaries,  and  had  in  their  room  a  satchel  full  of  dynamite,  sev- 
eral rolls  of  fuse,  percussion  caps,   "jimmies,"  revolvers,  and  a 


520  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

complete  set  of  burylars'  tools.  As  there  was  uo  2)roof  of  any  crime 
committed  to  be  brought  agaiust  them,  they  were  simply  driven 
from  the  city.  Al.  Beader  afterward  received  a  sentence  of  ten 
years  for  robbing  the  safe  in  Ph.  Best's  brewery.  Reed  is  in  the 
Chester  (Pa.)  penitentiary,  and  Pearson  is  "doing  time"  at  Den- 
ver. Through  the  instrumentality  of  Shea  and  Kipley,  the  Italian 
"stranglcrs,"  who  so  brutally  murdered  Francesci  Tremarco,  were 
brought  to  justice.  The  detectives  extracted  a  complete  confession 
of  the  horrible  crime  from  the  assassins.  The  same  detectives  sent 
to  the  jjenitentiary  for  three  years  William  Edwards  (alias  Elliott) 
for  blowing  open  the  safe  of  I.  N.  Marks,  jjawnbroker,  in  company 
with  Charles  Proctor,  James  Donovan  and  Ed.  Whalen.  The 
gang  had  taken  $9,000  worth  of  jewelry.  Edwards  was  arrested 
by  Officers  Kelly  and  Hurley,  and  taken  to  police  headquarters, 
where  Lieutenants  Shea  and  Kipley,  after  talking  to  him  from  8 
o'clock  in  the  evening  until  4  o'clock  in  the  morning,  succeeded  in 
making  him  *'squeal"  and  tell  where  the  jewelry  was  secreted.  De- 
tective James  Bonfiold  was  put  on  a  train,  and  recovered  the 
property  in  a  New  York  City  express  office.  It  was  brought  back 
by  Detective  Bonfield,  inventoried,  and  turned  over  to  the  owner. 
Elliott  was  the  only  one  of  the  gang  arrested  at  that  time.  After- 
ward, Donovan,  Proctor,  Fitzpatrick  and  James  Murray  were 
arrested  for  committing  a  series  of  safe-blowing  jobs.  Murray 
"  squealed  "  on  his  pals,  and  Donovan  afterward  followed  suit,  and 
took  Lieutenants  Kipley  and  Shea  to  a  lumber  yard  on  the  North. 
Side,  where  the  proceeds  of  most  of  the  burglaries  were  planted. 
These  were  all  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  two,  three  and  five 
years.  Lieutenant  Shea  was  prominently  identified  with  the  West 
Side  street-car  troubles  of  July,  1885.  He,  with  the  present  super- 
intendent of  police,  took  the  first  car  out  of  the  barn,  at  5  o'clock 
in  the  morning,  and  it  took  them  until  11  o'clock  to  run  the 
blockade  and  get  down  town.  This  was  before  Bonfield's  famous 
triumphal  march  down  Madison  street.  Most  of  Lieutenant  Shea's 
time  since  entering  the  force  has  been  spent  in  detective  work. 
Dissatisfaction  with  the  secret  service  as  a  whole,  rather  than  with 
the  work  of  Shea,  Kipley  and  a  few  others,  who  are  acknowledged 
men  of  raro  ability  in  their  line,  led  to  the  recent  changes,  which 
have  resulted  in  placing  Lieutenant  Shea  on  the  regular  force. 

PATRICK  MAHONEY,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Ireland  in  1884;  came 
to  Chicago  in  1848;  entered  the  force  July  7,  1866;  assigned  to 
duty  as  patrolman  at  the  old  North  Market  station  on  Michigan 
street;  transferred  to  Twenty-second  street  station  April,  1869; 
from  thence  to  Deeriug  street  station  Nov.  1,  1870;  was  promoted 
to  desk  sergeantcy  July,  1873. 

JAMES  LAWLOR,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Ireland  in  1848;  came  to 
Chicago  October,  1876;  entered  the  force  October,  1880. 


THE    OLD    "TEllROli"    DISTllICT.  521 

M.  L.  MILLER,  patrol  sergeant;  born  atNewburgh  on  the  Hudson,  N. 
Y.,  iu  1844;  oaino  to  Chicago  in  1852;  entered  the  force  February 
15,  1867;  did  special  duty  for  one  year  anti  over  at  headquarters; 
transferred  to  Armory  for  regular  patrol  duty;  transferred  ta 
Twelfth  street  station  in  1869;  arrested  Michael  Mulholland,  a 
member  of  a  gang  of  burglars,  and  succeeded  in  recovering  $13,000 
worth  of  stolen  property  as  a  result  of  the  arrest;  while  making 
this  capture  Sergeant  Briscoe,  one  of  the  old-time  officers,  mistook 
Miller  for  one  of  the  gang,  and  came  near  shooting  him;  also 
assistetl  in  arresting  John  Lee  and  two  others  for  the  shooting  of 
Officers  Patten  and  Mitchell  at  the  corner  of  Polk  street  and  Blue 
Island  avenue;  effected  other  important  arrests  while  attached  to 
the  Twelfth  street  station;  transferred  to  the  Twenty-second  street 
station  December,  1871;  did  patrol  duty  until  1877,  in  which  year 
he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  patrol  sergeant  by  Chief  Hickey; 
arrested  Burt  Tyler  for  committing  a  number  of  burglaries  in  the 
large  residences  on  the  South  Side  avenues,  recovering  a  large 
amount  of  property,  (Tyler  was  afterward  shot  by  Officer  Crow, 
while  out  on  bail);  arrested  Elroy,  at  the  comer  of  Fourteenth 
street,  for  robbery,  and  in  the  scuffle  had  his  right  hand  broken; 
also  arrested  William  Ray,  the  horse  thief,  and  recovered  several 
thousand  dollars  worth  of  property;  also  arrested  Frank  Brady,  for 
the  stabbing  of  a  man  named  Canty;  while  out  on  bail  the  latter's 
father  was  compelled  to  shoot  him  in  self-defense;  arrested  the 
father  for  the  shooting;  while  engaged  in  hunting  down  the  mur- 
derers of  McCouville,  Sherry  and  Connolly,  ran  against  three  noto- 
rious thieves,  just  out  of  the  penitentiary;  arrested  two  of  them, 
recovered  stolen  property  in  their  possession  worth  $2,500,  and 
turned  them  over  to  the  Indiana  authorities;  was  transferred  to 
Deering  street  February,  1881;  assisted  in  the  arrest  of  Michael 
and  John  Care>  for  the  murder  of  McFadden;  also  arrested 
William  Mitchell  for  the  shooting  of  Judge  Pillsbury  on  the  Alton 
train  at  Brighton;  has  participated  in  all  the  riots  and  strikes 
which  have  taken  place  in  Chicago  during  the  past  twenty  years. 

MORGAN  W.  O'CONNELL,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1862;  entered 
the  force  July  1, 1886. 

MAURICE  CROTTY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1860;  came  to  Chi- 
cago July,  1875;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  assigned  to 
duty  at  Deering  street  station  December  15,  1884. 

ELIE  S.  CRIMUNG,  patrolman;  born  in  Paris,  France,  1836;  came  to 
Chicago  1858;  entered  the  force  November  10,  1868;  assigned  to 
duty  at  the  old  Armory;  transferred  to  Deering  street  station  Feb- 
ruary 13, 1873. 

WILLIAM  DILLON,  patrolman;  bom  at  La  Salle,  111.,  1855;  came  to 
Chicago  1871;  entered  the  force  December  15.  1884;  arrested  Solo- 


522  THE     CHICAGO    POLICE. 

mon  Bernstein  for  burglary  and  gave  him  two  years  in  the  peni- 
tentiary; arrested  John  Leahy  for  murder,  eight  years  in  the  peni- 
tentiary; arrested,  with  Officer  O'Donnell,  George  Fallon,  five 
years  in  the  penitentiary;  arrested  Michael  Carey  for  murder,  ac- 
quitted; arrested,  with  Officer  O'Hara,  Tim  Grady  for  the  murder 
of  Officer  Michael  O'Brien,  seventeen  years  in  the  penitentiary; 
lias  been  doing  patrol  duty  at  Deering  street  police  station  since 
entering  the  force. 

PRANK  DIGEREN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  in  1859;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1878;  entered  the  force  1886. 

EDWARD  FLAHERTY,  patrolman;  born  at  Kenosha,  Wis.,  1860; 
came  to  Chicago  when  an  infant;  entered  the  force  1884;  in  Janu- 
ary, 1885,  with  other  officers  arrested  a  gang  of  robbers  and  cap- 
tured several  trunks  of  silks  stolen  in  BufPalo,  N.  Y.;  at  No.  10 
Boston  avenue,  this  city,  assisted  in  arresting  and  breaking  up 
another  gang  of  thieves  which  had  been  engaged  in  stealing  cloth 
in  wagons. 

JAMES  J.  FITZGERALD,  patrolman;  born  in  Massachusetts  1854; 
came  to  Chicago  June,  1877;  entered  the  force  May  7,  1882,  and 
assigned  to  duty  at  Deering  street. 

MICHAEL  HICKEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1871 ;  entered  the  force  August  6,  1885. 

JAMES  HEALY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1852;  came  to  Chicago 
1873;  entered  the  force  May,  1882;  was  assigned  to  duty  at  Thirty- 
fifth  street  station,  and  transferred  to  Deering  street  August,  1884; 
arrested  John  Williams  for  robbery,  penitentiary  five  years;  Mar- 
tin Bontield  for  burglary,  penitentiary  three  years. 

JOHN  HOULIHAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1845;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1866;  entered  the  force  October  7,  1880. 

JOHN  J.  JONES,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1854;  entered  the  force 
December  15,  1884;  arrested  August  Garns  for  larceny,  peniten- 
tiary one  year;  arrested  John  Carey  for  the  murder  of  Alex.  Mc- 
Fadden,  August,  1886. 

PATRICK  KEATING,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1847;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1869;  entered  the  force  1879;  assigned  to  duty  at  Harrison 
street  station,  and  transferred  to  Deering  street  Dec.  20,  1880. 

JAMES  P.  KELLY,  patrolman;  born  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  1862;  came  to 
Chicago  January,  1884;  entered  the  force  January,  1887;  assigned 
to  duty  at  Thirteenth  street  station,  and  transferred  to  Hinman 
street,  thence  to  Deering  street  April  9,  1887. 

DANIEL  KELLY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1845;  came  to  Chicago 


THE    OLD    '•TEllllOir'    DISTRICT.  523^ 

1864;  entered  the  force  February  7,  1872;  served  twelve  years  in 
the  Twelfth  street  district;  transferred  to  Harrison  street  station 
1884;  transferred  to  Uesplaiues  street  station  1885,  and  transferred 
to  Deeriuf,'  street  station  1887. 

MICHAEL  LEE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1861;  came  to  Chicago 
1881;  entereil  the  force  Jnne  4,  1887;  assigned  to  duty  at  Twelfth 
street  station,  and  transferred  to  Deering  street  August  1,  1887 

CHARLES  McGOVERN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1857;  entered 

force  April,  1885;  assigned  to  duty  as  patrolman  at  Twelfth  street 
station  April,  1885,  and  transferred  to  Deering  street  shortly  after. 

JOHN  J.  McCULLOM,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1861;  entered  the 
force  December  15,  1884;  convicted  William  Kane,  alias  Freeman 
(an  ex-convict),  December  24,  1885,  for  burglary  of  the  Mount  For- 
rest, lU.,  postoflBce,  penitentiary  nine  years. 

STEPHEN  MUCHOWSKY,  patrolman;  born  in  Poland  18 r2;  came  to 
Chicago  1868;  entered  the  force  1884. 

JAMES  W.  McKENNA,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago;  entered  the  force 
December  16,  1884;  assigned  to  Desplaines  street  station,  and 
transferred  to  Deering  street  December  20,  1884. 

JOHN  MaLONE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to  Chicago 
June  1,  1867;  Entered  the  force  June  13,  1883;  assigned  to  duty  at 
Twelfth  street  station;  remained  there  till  after  the  Haymarket 
riot,  then  assigned  to  Thirteenth  street,  and  transferred  to  Deering 
street  November  5,  1886. 

"WILLIAM  McSHEA,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1853;  entered  the 
force  December  15, 1884;  assigned  to  Deering  street  station. 

MORGAN  O'CONNELL,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1862;  entered  the 
force  June  1,  1886;  assigned  to  Deering  street  station. 

PATRICK  O'DAT,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland,  1851;  came  to  Chicago 
May,  1871;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  assigned  to  duty 
at  Deering  street  station. 

JOHN  O'HARA,  patrolman:  born  in  Ireland  1857;  came  to  Chicago 
1877;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  assigned  to  duty  at 
Deering  street  station;  arrested  Timothy  O'Grady  April  3,  1887, 
for  the  murder  of  Officer  Michael  O'Brien,  penitentiary  seventeen 
years. 

WILLIAM  ROONEY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Dodge  county,  Wisconsin, 
1852;  came  to  Chicago  1875;  entered  the  force  March  25,  1881;  as- 
signed to  duty  at  Harrison  street  station,  and  transferred  to  Deer- 
ing street  February  2,  1884. 


524  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

MATTHEW  RYAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1854;  came  to  Chicago 
March,  1881;  entered  the  force  April  20, 1886;  assigned  to  duty  at 
Hinman  street;  transferred  to  Deering  street  June  6, 1886. 

THOMAS  J.  SLOYAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1855;  came  to  Chi- 
cago June  20,  1880;  entered  the  force  July  13,  1885;  assigned  to 
duty  at  Twelfth  street  station,  and  transferred  to  Deering  street 
November  1, 1885 


THE    NOBLE    THIRD    PRECINCT.  525 


CHAPTER   XXVI. 

THE  THIRD  PRECINCT,  CAPTAIN  LYMAN  LEWIS  COMMANDING— ONE  OF  THE 
OLD-TIME  PRECINCTS  AND  THE  MOST  ANCIENT  OF  OUR  STATIONS— 
FROM  THE  WEST  MARKET  HALL  TO  THE  PRESENT  HANDSOME  EDIFICE 
ON  DESPLAINES  STREET  — CAPT.  LYMAN  LEWIS  AND  HIS  GALLANT 
MEN— MEMORIES  OF  THE  NIGHT  OF  MAY  4  — VAN  PELT'S  HANDSOME 
PICTURE -THE  WEST  LAKE  AND  WEST  MADISON  STREET  DISTRICTS- 
BIOGRAPHIES  OF  OFFICERS  AND  MEN  IN  THE  PRECINCT. 

The  third  precinct  includes  the  Desplaines  street,  West 
Madison  street  and  West  Lake  street  districts.  Headquarters, 
Desplaines  street  station,  Desplaines  street  and  Waldo  place. 

Precinct  Station,  Desplaines  street  and  Waldo  place. — 
Originally  the  station  belonging  to  this  district  w^as  located 
in  the  old  West  Market  hall.  It  was  then  moved  to  No.  14 
Union  street,  which  was  the  headquarters  of  the  West  Divis- 
ion force  until  a  new  station  was  erected  on  the  corner  of 
Union  and  Madison  streets.  This  was  known  popularly  and 
officially  as  the  "Union  Street  Station"  until  its  abandonment. 
The  Desplaines  street  station,  one  of  the  largest  and  best 
equipped  in  the  city,  is  the  successor  of  all  these.  Else- 
where in  this  history  this  station  and  its  predecessors  are 
frequently  mentioned.  The  district  patrolled  by  the  force 
of  this  station  is  bounded  on  the  east  by  the  south  branch  of 
the  Chicago  River;  west,  by  Center  avenue  and  Ann  street; 
north,  by  Kiuzie  street,  and  south,  by  West  Harrison  street, 
embracing  an  area  of  about  one  square  mile,  containing  an 
estimated  population  (in  1887)  of  85,000.  In  the  main 
hall  of  the  Desplaines  street  station  hangs  a  historical  souvenir 
of  the  Haymarket  explosion,  w^hich  occurred  almost  in  the 
shadow  of  the  building  on  May  4,  1886.  This  is  a  magnifi- 
cent group  of  pictures  of  the  men  of  this  station  who  com- 
posed Company  A,  commanded  by  Lieut.  James  Bowler,  on 


526  THE     CHICAGO    TOLICE. 

that  dreadful  night.  This  was  the  company  that  suffered 
the  greatest  loss  in  killed  and  wounded.  The  picture  was 
presented  to  the  station  by  Inspector  John  Bonfield,  the 
engrossing  and  arranging  having  been  done  by  his  clerk, 
Officer  L.  J.  Van  Pelt,  and  it  has  been  pronounced  one  of  the 
most  creditable  pieces  of  work  of  the  kind  ever  produced  in 
this  city. 

The  photographs  are  made  by  Hartley,  headed  by  those 
of  Captain  Ward,  Inspector  Bonfield  and  Lieut.  Bowler,  and 
are  followed  by  twenty -five  patrolman,  as  follows:  Killed — 
George  Miller,  John  J.  Barrett,  and  Michael  Sheehau;  died 
since  from  typhoid  fever,  on  Sept.  7,  1886,  Edward  Griffin. 
Incapacitated  for  duty  at  that  time — Adam  Barber,  John  E. 
Doyle,  John  H.  King,  August  C.  Keller,  Arthur  Connolly, 
Patrick  Hartford,  Nicholas  Shannon,  Thomas  McEnery,  and 
Lawrence  J.  Murphy,  half  of  whose  foot  was  blown  off  by  the 
bomb.  Those  who  were  wounded  of  this  squad,  but  who  have 
since  returned  to  duty,  were  Michael  Cordon,  Louis  Johnsson, 
James  Brady,  Frank  P.  Tyrell,  John  Eied,  James  Conway, 
and  Hugo  Aspin.  The  rest  of  the  squad  was  uninjured 
and  were  Sergeant  R.  J.  Moore,  Thomas  Meaney,  John  Wess- 
ler,  Robt.  J.  Walsh  and  Peter  Foley. 

LYMAN  LEWIS,  captain,  coimnanding  the  third  precinct;  bom  at 
Norwich,  Vt.,  1845;  came  to  Chicago  May,  1869,  and  entered  the 
force  March,  1872;  traveled  beat  as  a  patrolman  for  thirteen  years; 
appointed  patrol  sergeant  October,  1885;  made  many  important 
arrests ;  was  in  active  service  during  the  riots  of  1877,  and  in  every 
serious  outbreak  that  has  occurred  in  the  city  since;  was  appointed 
lieutenant  in  May,  1887,  and  placed  in  charge  of  the  Stanton 
avenue  station;  was  appointed  captain  of  third  precinct,  vice  Cap- 
tain Schaack  transferred  to  East  Chicago  avenue  station,  Sept.  9, 
1887.  Capt.  Lewis  served  with  Inspector  Bonfield  during  the 
street- car  troubles  of  July,  1885,  and  so  distinguished  himself  that 
he  became  a  prominent  figure  in  the  department.  He  is  a  bright, 
intelligent  and  brave  officer;  addicted  to  systematic  business 
methods,  and  quietly  dignified  in  his  manners.  At  present  he  is 
the  junior  captain  of  the  force. 

ALEXANDER  S.  ROSS,  lieutenant  of  police;  born  in  Rosshire,  Scot- 
land, 1857;  came  to  Chicago  1876;  entered  the  force  June  1. 1882; 


LYMAN   LEWIS, 
Capt.   Comdg.    Thiid  Precinct. 


THE    NOBLE    THIRD    niECINCT.  527 

first  detailed  as  patrolm;in  at  the  35tb  street  station  aud  afterward 
transferred  to  the  Armory  under  Captain  Buckley,  where  be  re- 
mained for  three  years;  transferred  to  Central  station  under  Cap- 
tain Hubbard  and  made  roundsman;  promoted  to  be  patrol 
ser^'eaut,  and  was  made  lieutenant  June  28,  1885. 

ALEXANDER  BOLD,  lieutenant  of  police;  born  at  Deahn,  pro- 
vince Bavaria,  Sept.  1,  185t);  came  to  America  at  the  age  of  15, 
in  1865;  worked  at  tbo  cooper's  trade  in  New  York  a  number  of 
years;  afterward  went  to  Worcester,  Ohio,  and  came  to  Chicago  in 
1871;  returned  shortly  afterward  to  Ohio  and  came  here  to  settle 
in  1874;  had  been  engaged  in  the  meantime  in  conducting  a  tan- 
nery, acting  as  engineer  and  traveling  salesman;  entered  the  police 
force  in  1878  and  assigned  to  Harrison  street;  transferred  from 
Harrison  to  East  Chicago  avenue,  then  to  West  Lake  street,  and 
then  back  to  Harrison  street;  transferred  to  Central  detail  for 
detective  duty,  serving  in  this  capacity  for  three  or  four  years;  was 
appointed  patrol  sergeant  May  1,  1886,  and  assigned  to  the  West 
Thirteenth  street  station,  vice  Lieutenant  Max  Kipley,  transferred 
to  East  Chicago  avenue.  On  the  night  of  September  1,  1881,  John 
C.  Neel,  of  Amsterdam,  Montgomery  coimty,  N.  Y.,  while  insane, 
shot  five  persons  in  this  city.  On  being  approached  by  Officer 
Bold,  the  infuriated  madman  snapped  the  pistol  in  his  face,  but  he 
was  overpowered,  disarmed  and  afterward  sent  to  the  Elgin  insane 
asylum.  Among  the  important  arrests  made  by  this  officer  were 
the  following:  Wing  Lee,  the  Chinaman,  who  murdered  Charles 
Mansfield;  arrest  made  June  11,  1881.  The  jury  is  this  case  dis- 
agreed, eight  being  for  hanging.  William  Henderson,  Mat.  Hart 
(alias  Talsen)  and  Mat.  Rose,  burglars,  sentenced  to  five  years  each 
by  Judge  Anthony,  Jime  17,  1881.  John  Burns  (alias  Fredericks) 
for  burglary  and  assault  with  intent  to  commit  murder,  sentenced 
to  twenty  years,  December  15,  1881.  Higgins  (alias  Parks),  six 
years;  Merigo  (alias  O'Leary),  six  years;  George  Bennett,  Sep- 
tember, 1880,  for  shooting  Henry  Kaas  with  a  44-caliber  revolver, 
one  year;  John  Drake,  burglary,  ten  years;  and  Mike  Burk,  burg- 
lary, five  years,  sentenced  by  Judge  Williamson  June  12,  1884. 
These  are  but  a  few  of  the  many  cases  of  importance  which  Lieu- 
tenant Bold  has  had  in  hand.  He  has  been,  from  his  entrance  into 
the  force  to  the  present  day,  one  of  the  most  energetic  and  indus- 
trious of  officers,  and  his  indefatigable  labors  marked  him  out  as 
a  prominent  subject  for  promotion  on  the  accession  of  Mayor 
Roche. 

JOHN  H.  KINNEY,  patrol  sergeant;  bom  in  Ireland  1840;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1847;  entered  the  force  1865;  promoted  from  patrol  duty  to 
desk  sergeantcy,  and  transferred  from  West  Lake  street  to  Des- 
plaines  Sept.  9, 1887. 

40 


528  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

CHAKLES  H.  GOODMAN,  desk  sergeant;  bom  at  Woodstock,  111., 
1856;  came  to  Chicago  August  10, 1870;  entered  the  force  February 
23,  1882, 

JOHN  C.  DAMMANN,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  New  York  City  1852, 
came  to  Chicago  1873;  entered  the  force  June  14, 1883;  did  duty  at 
the  Haymarket  riot. 

HUGO  ASPING,  patrolman;  bom  in  Sweden  1850;  came  to  Chicago 
1876;  entered  the  force  1884. 

ADAM  S.  BARBER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chester  county.  Pa.,  1847; 
came  to  Chicago  1858;  entered  the  force  June  14,  1883;  crippled 
for  life  in  the  Haymarket  riot;  also  served  fifteen  years  in  the  fire 
department, 

JAMES  A.  BRADY,  patrolman;  born  in  Bloomtield,  Davis  county, 
la.,  1854;  came  to  Chicago  1875;  entered  the  force  April  20,  1886; 
injured  at  the  Haymarket  riot.  May  4, 1886,  receiving  five  wounds — 
one  in  the  thigh,  one  below  the  knee,  one  in  the  calf,  and  left  shoe 
torn  off,  slight  injury  across  the  toes,  also  a  bullet  wound  in  the 
right  groin;  in  company  iintler  command  of  Lieutenant  James  A, 
Bowler. 

JAMES  A.  BRACE,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1852;  entered  the 
force  June  3, 1887. 

MATHEW  T.  CONNELLY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1860;  en- 
tered the  force  April  2,  1885. 

THOMAS  S,  COWDREY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Warwick,  Orange  county, 
N,  Y.,  1840;  came  to  Chicago  March,  1870;  entered  the  force 
August,  1870;  was  wounded  in  1874  while  attempting  to  arrest  a 
drunken  man;  in  1883  resigned  to  take  a  western  trip  for  his 
health;  returned  in  November,  1886,  and  re-entered  the  police 
force  June  1, 1887. 

PATRICK  CONNOR,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1858;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1876;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  was  in  the  street- 
car strike,  also  the  Haymarket  riot. 

PATRICK  O.  CONNOR,  patrolman;  bora  in  Burnsleigh,  County  Tip- 
perary,  Ireland,  1857;  came  to  Chicago  1876;  entered  the  force 
December  10,  1884. 

JOHN  L.  CASEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago,  111.,  1862;  entered  the 
force  October  18,  1886. 

PATRICK  W.  CLARK,  patrolman;  born  in  Oswego,  N.  f.,  1859;  came 
to  Chicago  April  10,  1875;  entered  the  force  June  30,  1887;  on  3rd 
of  July  arrested  two  men,  Lebaun  and  Sands,  while  robbing  Mur- 
ray ife  Baker,  Nos.  8  and  10  Jefferson  street. 


THE    NOBLE    THIIU)    PRECINCT.  529 

MATHEW  T.  CONNELLY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1861;  entercj 
the  force  April,  1885;  was  in  the  Haymarket  riot. 

ARTHUE  CONNOLLY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Monaghan,  Ireland,  1854; 
came  to  Chicago  1868;  entered  the  force  January  6,  1879;  received 
four  severe  wounds  in  legs  and  arms  at  the  Haymarket  riot.  May 
4,  1SS6. 

EDWARD  COSGRAVE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1848;  came  to 
Chicago  1866;  entered  the  force  February,  1883;  was  detailed  on 
pawnbrokers  and  second-hand  stores.  In  1884  and  1885,  with  De- 
tective Palmer,  recovered  property  amounting  to  $11,875,  and  sent 
criminals  to  the  penitentiary  whose  sentences  aggregated  eighty 
years.  Among  them  Edward  Hcjward,  who  entered  Mr.  Mayer- 
hoff's  house,  at  cor.  of  Loomis  and  Hastings  streets;  he  Avas  ar- 
rested by  description  furnished  from  Mr.  Mayerhoif,  and  sentenced 
for  twenty  years.  "  Original "  Andrews,  the  notorious  State  street 
pawnbroker,  eight  years.  Emanuel  Isaacs,  the  notorious  Clark 
street  pawnbroker,  of  Morrow  jewelry  robbery  fame,  for  two  years. 
During  the  year  1886,  he  recovered  S14,300,  and  sent  criminals  to 
the  penitentiary  whose  sentences  aggregated  forty  years.  Was  in 
the  Haymarket  riot,  and  a  witness  during  the  trial  of  the  an- 
archists. 

JAMES  CONWAY,  patrolman;  born  in  Limerick,  Ireland,  1849;  came 
to  Chicago  1880;  entered  the  force  January,  1883;  was  in  the 
street-car.  Maxwell's  box  factory,  and  McCormick's  factory  strikes; 
wounded  in  calf  of  right  leg  by  shell,  at  Haymarket  riot,  May  4, 

1886. 

JOHN  E.  DOYLE,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1858;  entered  the  force 
December  15,  1884;  received  eight  wounds  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

DANIEL  J.  DALEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1862;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1867;  entered  the  force  April,  1885;  was  in  the  Haymarket 
riot. 

JOHN  J.  DALEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1853;  entered  the  force 
December  10,  1884;  helped,  to  convict  for  burglary,  John  Olsen 
and  William  Byrnes,  to  the  penitentiary  for  three  years  each; 
Thomas  Daley  for  two  years;  Frank  Bennett  for  four  years;  Hat- 
tie  Smith  and  Charles  Taylor  to  three  months  each  in  the  county 
jail. 

STUART  U.  DEAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Andalusia,  Pa.,  1856;  came  to 
Chicago  1877;  entered  the  force  September  10,  1887. 

MICHAEL  DILLON,  patrolman;  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  1859;  came 
to  Chicago  1880;  entered  the  force  July  17,  1885;  February  19, 
1886,  arrested  John  Hastings  for  burglary,  who  was  sentenced  to 
the  penitentiary  for  three  years. 

*34 


530  THE    CHICAGO    I'ULICE. 

DANIEL  DOUGHERTY,  patrolman;  born  in  Benton,  111.,  1857;  came 
to  Chicago  October  10,  1871;  entered  the  force  August  6,  1886. 

T.  A.  ELCHINGHAM,  patrolman;  bom  in  Buffalo.  N.  Y.,  1853;  came 
to  Chicago  1872;  entered  the  force  June  4,  1887. 

JOSEPH  F.  FISHER,  patrolman;  born  at  Lake  Geneva,  Wis.,  1860; 
came  to  Chicago  1882;  entered  the  force  April  15,  1887. 

WIVI.  J.  FREEMAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Castle  Ray,  Roscommon  Co., 
Ireland,  1861;  came  to  Chicago  May  20,  1880;  entered  the  force 
January  10, 1887. 

DENIS  FEELEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  I860;  came  to  Chicago 
1881;  entered  the  force  August  20,  1887. 

PETER  FOLEY',  patrolman ;  born  in  Ireland  1848;  came  to  this  coun- 
try 1872;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1883;  made  a  number  of  im- 
portant arrests;  was  one  of  the  seven  men  of  Company  "  A,"  Des- 
plaines  street  police,  who  escaped  injury  in  the  Haymarket  riot, 
May  4, 1886. 

DENIS  FITZGERALD,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Kerry,  Ireland, 
1857;  came  to  Chicago  1875;  entered  the  force  July  2.  1886. 

B.  FLEMING,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1861;  came  to  Chicago  1879; 
entered  the  force  1886. 

PETER  G.  GREENE,  patrolman;  born  in  Cook  county,  111.,  1863;  came 
to  Chicago  September,  1879;  entered  the  force  June,  1886. 

PATRICK  GRADY",  patrolman;  born  in  La  Salle,  111..  1857;  came  to 

Chicago  1873;  entered  the  force  October  9,  1886. 
EDWARD  GASQUOINE,   patrolman;  bom  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1860; 

came  to  Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  April  2o,  1886. 

JEREMIAH  GROGAN,  patrolman:  bom  m  Ireland  1819;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1870;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1883. 

PATRICK  HARTFORD,  patrolman;  born  in  Lowell,  Mass..  1851;  came 
to  Chicago  March,  1853;  entered  the  force  December,  1884; 
wounded  in  the  Haymarket  riot,  two  toes  cut  from  the  left  foot, 
shell  wound  in  right  ankle,  and  bullet  wound  in  left  thigh. 

JACOB  HILBERT,  patrolman;  born  m  Barrington,  111..  18.58;  came  to 
Chicago  July  6,  1878;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

FRANK  T.  HOFFMAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Germantown.  Pa.,  1862; 
came  to  Chicago  September,  1882;  entered  the  force  March  7, 1887. 

JAMES  W.  IZARD,  patrolman;  born  in  Canada  1855;  came  to  Chicago 
1867;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

LOUIS  JOHNSSON,  patrolman;  born  in  Norway  1846;  came  to  Chicago 
1867;»  entered  the  force  June  16,  1883;  injured  in  the  Haymarket 
riot;  shell  wound  in  the  leg  and  other  smaller  ones. 


THE    NOBLE    THIRD    IMtECINCT.  531 

THOMAS  KINDLAX,  patrolnuiu;  bom  iu  Cbunnahou,  Will  county, 
111.,  1857;  came  to  Chicago  March  22,  1879;  entered  the  force  De- 
cember 15, 1884. 

JOHN  H.  KING,  patrolman;  bom  iu  Ireland  1860;  came  to  Chicago 
1880;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  received  eight  wounds  iu 
the  riots  of  1886. 

GEO.  S.  KAISER,  patrolman;  bora  in  Germany  1846;  came  to  Chicago 
1862;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1883. 

PATRICK  H.  KEEFE,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  1853;  came  to 
Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1872;  helped  to  convict 
Alvin  Weaver  to  ten  years  in  the  i)euitentiary  for  safe-blowing; 
Dock  Fitzgerald,  to  five  years  for  highway  robbery;  Thomas  Tra- 
cey,  to  five  years  for  highway  robbery;  Thomas  Reynolds,  to  five 
years  for  robbery;   received  two  wounds  while  making  arrests. 

JOHN  KREUTZBERG,  patrolman;  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  1839; 
came  to  Chicago  1852;  entered  the  force  October,  1869. 

JOHN  KEEGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  1852;  came  to 
Chicago  1871;  entered  the  force  June  14:,  1887. 

THOMAS  McENERY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1858;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1873;  entered  the  force  1883;  received  eleven  wounds  during 
the  Haymarket  riot. 

LAWRENCE  J.  MURPHY,  patrolman;  born  iu  Ireland  1854;  came  to 
Chicago  1868;  entered  the  force  1884;  received  fifteen  wounds, 
and  lost  half  of  left  foot  during  the  Haymarket  riot,  May  4,  1886. 

THOMAS  MEANY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Burlington,  Vt.,  1850;  came  to 
Chicago  1866;  entered  the  force  January,  1885. 

EUGENE  V.  McWILLIAMS,  patrolman;  born  in  Racine,  Wis.,  1852; 
came  to  Chicago  in  1874;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

PATRICK  NASH,  patrolman;  l)orn  in  Limerick,  Ireland,  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  1877;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  in  the  street- 
car strike,  also  the  Haymarket  riot. 

ISAAC  ORELL,  patrolman;  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1850;  came  to 
Chicago  July  6,  1867;  entered  the  force  February  25,  1875. 

JOHN  PLUNKETT,  patrolman;  born  in  Burlington,  Vt.,  1850;  came  to 
Chicago  1872;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  was  in  the 
street-car  strike  of  1885,  also  in  the  Haymarket  riot  of  1886. 

THOMAS  PRESTON,  Jb.,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1852;  entered 
the  force  August  1, 1887. 

ARTHUR  A.  PECERY,  patrolman;  born  in  Piano,  111.,  1859;  came  to 
Chicago  1880;   entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 


532  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

ADAM  REINHART,  patrolman;  l)orn  iu  Chicago  1855;  entered  the 
force  July,  1886. 

JOHN  REID,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Meath,  Ireland,  1838;  came 
to  Chicago  1862;  entered  the  force  May  8,  1870;  wounded  in  both 
legs  at  the  Haymarket  riot  in  1886. 

MARTIN  D.  RINGROSE,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to 
Chicago  1865;  returned  in  1871;  entered  the  force  1873. 

PATRICK  RYAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Silver  Mines,  County  Tipperary, 
Ireland,  1863;  came  to  Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  June  29, 
1886. 

PHILLII  OBINSON,  patrolman;  born  in  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.,  1858; 
came  to  Chicago  1858;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1884 

JOHN  REDDEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1856;  entered  the  force 
September  10,  1887. 

TIMOTHY  J.  STANTON,  patrolman;  born  in  England  1845;  came  to 
Chicago  1854;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1883. 

JAMES  B.  SHORT,  patrolman;  born  in  Lake  Co.,  111.,  1861;  came  to 
Chicago  March  10, 1869;  entered  the  force  December  4,  1884;  was 
in  the  street-car  strike,  also  the  Haymarket  riot. 

CORNELIUS  D.  O.  SHEA,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1860;  came  to 
Chicago  April,  1875;  entered  the  force  November,  1882. 

CHESTER  P.  SMITH,  patrolman;  born  iu  O'Fallon,  111.,  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  July  17,  1881;  entered  the  force  Jime  3,  1887. 

FRANK  P.  TYRELL,  patrolman;  born  in  Dunkirk,  N.  Y.,  1859;  came 
to  Chicago  1871;  entered  the  force  December  18, 1884;  received  two 
woimds  in  back,  at  Haymarket  riot. 

JOHN  UHRIG,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1856;  came  to  Chicago 
May,  1872;  entered  the  force  July  2,  1887. 

EOBT.  J.  WALSH,  patrolman;  bom  in  County  Kerry,  Ireland,  1854; 
came  to  Chicago  April  12, 1871;  entered  the  force  December  12, 

1884. 

GUSTAVE  A.  WOLTER,  patrolman;  bom  iu  1845;  came  to  Chicago 
1870;  entered  the  force  1875;  resigned  March,  1879;  re-entered  June 
13, 1883. 

PATRICK  WILEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Addison,  N.  Y.,  1853;  came  to 
Chicago  1880;  entered  the  force  1883. 

MATHEW  WILSON,  patrolman;  bom  in  County  Longford,  Ireland, 
1849;  <'ame  to  Chicago  1851;  entered  the  force  December  31,  1884; 
in  March,  1885,  arrested  Geo.  Wilson,  alias  Anderson,  a  well  known 
crook,  for  l)urglary;  his  sentence  was  17  years  iu  the  penitentiary. 


THE    NOBLE    THIKD    I'UECINCT.  533 

JOHN  W.  WESSLER.  patrolman;  born  in  Binfrbanitou,  N.  Y.,  1859; 
came  to  Chicaj^o  May  25,  1876;  entered  the  force  June  14,  1883; 
has  made  many  important  arrests;  among  them,  John  Brennan, 
robbery,  five  years  in  the  penitentiary;  Samuel  Thomas,  counter- 
feiting, three  years  in  the  penitentiary;  was  one  of  the  seven  men 
in  Company  "A"  who  escaped  injury  in  the  Haymarket  riot  of  1886. 

West  Lake  Street  Station,  (j09  West  Lake  street,  was 
built  in  18G7  and  enlarged  in  1878.  The  signal  service  was 
established  here  in  1880.  It  was  the  first  sub-station  estab- 
lished in  the  West  Division,  being  organized  some  time 
before  the  station  at  West  Twelfth  and  Johnson  streets,  and 
in  this  history,  elsewhere,  will  be  found  the  names  of  the 
different  commanding  officers  who,  from  time  to  time,  have 
been  assigned  to  it.  The  force  on  duty  at  this  station 
patrols  the  district  bounded  north  by  West  Kinzie  street, 
south  by  West  Harrison  street,  east  by  Center  avenue,  and 
west  by  Hoyue  avenue — an  area  of  one  and  one-fourth 
square  miles,  containing  an  estimated  population  of  about 
50,000. 

ANSON  BACKUS,  lieutenant  of  police,  commanding  the  West  Lake 
street  district,  is  one  of  the  youngest  commissioned  officers 
on  the  force,  having  passed  only  his  thirty- second  birthday.  He 
was  born  in  the  little  town  of  Gaines,  Orleans  county,  N.  Y.,  in 
1855,  of  very  respectable  parents,  his  father  being  a  Methodist  min- 
ister. Young  Backus  received  a  first-class  education,  and  might 
have  won  his  way  in  any  path  of  life.  He  came  to  Chicago  in  1879, 
and  circumstances  turned  his  steps  toward  the  police  department. 
He  entered  the  force  August  1,  1881,  and  was  assigned  to  patrol 
duty  at  the  station  which  he  has  now  in  charge.  He  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  desk  sergeant  in  1882,  to  a  patrol  sergeantcy  in  1885, 
and  to  the  lieutenancy  at  a  later  date. 

MICHAEL  S.  HYLAND,  desk  sergeant;  born  at  West  Point,  N.  Y., 
1857;  came  to  Chicago  1875;  entered  the  force  January  29,  1880, 

EDWIN  P.  MANN,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Elgin,  Kane  county,  HI., 
1849;  came  to  Chicago  1872;  entered  the  force  May  15, 1875. 

JAMES  H.  WILSON,  patrol  sergeant;  bom  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  August  11, 
1845;  came  to  Chicago  August  2,  1846;  entered  the  police  force 
February  7,  1872 ;  promoted  to  patrol  sergeantcy  1887;  has  done 
service  as  patrolman,  detective  and  signal  officer;  was  in  the  riot 
of  '77;    in  the  great  strikes,  and  suffered  a  severe  wound  at  the 


534  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

Haymarket ;  transferred  from  Central  detail  to  West  Lake  street 
September  9,  1887. 

CHA.RLES  E.  ALLEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ohio  1847;  came  to  Cliicago 
1880 ;  entered  the  force  December  15, 18&4. 

PETER  BUTTERLY,  patrolman  ;  born  in  Ireland  1851 ;  came  to  Chi- 
cago April,  1875;  entered  the  force  December  15, 1884;  was  in  the 
street-car  strike  of  1885 ;  in  the  riot  at  McCormick's  factory  ;  was 
wounded  at  the  Haymarket  riot  of  May  4,  1886. 

WILLIAM  BURNS,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland;  came  to  Chicago 
1879;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  injured  at  the  Hay-* 
market  riot.  May  4,  1886. 

THOMAS  BROPHY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1860;  came  to  Chicago 
1877;  entered  the  force  November  1,  1885;  injured  at  the  Haymar- 
ket riot. 

ADAM  W.  COOK,  patrolman;  born  in  Oak  Creek,  Milwaukee  Co.,  Wis., 
1842;  came  to  Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  October  28,  1875. 

PATRICK  CUNNINGHAM,  patrolman;  bom  m  Ireland  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  1878;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

CHARLES  N.  COFFEY,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  1853;  came  to 
Chicago  1870;  entered  the  force  Jime  30,  1883. 

BERNARD  CONLON,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  1853;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1867;  entered  the  force  July,  1886. 

MICHAEL  M.  CORDON,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1854;  came  to 
Chicago  1876;  entered  the  force  June  14,  1883;  was  at  the  Hay- 
market riot  under  Capt.  Ward;  was  the  second  man  going  to  work 
after  being  wounded. 

TIMOTHY  M.  DILLON,  patrolman;  bom  m  Ireland  1847;  came  to 
Chicago  1868;  entered  the  force  1873. 

AUGUST  G.  DELAMATER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Cornmg,  N.  Y.,  1851; 
came  to  Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  September  19, 1873. 

JAMES  E.  ENGLISH,  patrolman;  detailed  as  photographer  in   the 

rogues'  gallery. 

JAMES  EARLY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1845;  came  to  Chicago 
1871;  entered  the  force  September  10,  1874. 

(3HARLES  N.  FINK,  patrolman;  born  in  Ohio  1856;  came  to  Chicago 
1871;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  injured  at  the  Hay- 
market riot.  May  4,  1886. 

CHARLES  N.  GEISCH,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1861;  came  to 
Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  September  11, 1874. 


THE    NOBLE    THIRD    I'UECINCT.  535 

MICHAEL  GALLAGHER,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1834;  came  to 
Chicago  1847;  entered  the  force  1867. 

JACOB  HANSON,  patrolman;  born  in  Denmark;  entered  the  force 
1881 ;  lost  his  right  leg  above  the  knee  in  the  Haymarket  riot.  May 
4, 1886. 

JAMES  E.  HAMMON,  patrolman;  bom  in  Canada  1862;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1872;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

JOHN  P.  HINES,  patrolman;  born  in  Lajunta,  Col.,  1859;  came  to 
Chicago  1881;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

JOHN  HARTNETT,  Jr.,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1858;  entered  the 
force  December,  1884. 

THOMAS  HENNESSY,  patrolman;  born  in  Wisconsin  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  December  9,  1884;  wounded  at  the 
Haymarket  riot.  May  4,  1886. 

THOMAS  H ALLEY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Michigan  1857;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1875;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1883;  injured  at  the  Hay- 
market riot.  May  4,  1886. 

JOHN  HARTFORD,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1858;  entered  the 
force  jTine  13, 1883. 

ALEXANDER  JAMESON,  patrolman;  bom  in  Oakwell,  111.,  1831; 
came  to  Chicago  1848;  entered  the  force  July  12,  1865. 

JOHN  S.  KELLEY,  patrolman:  born  in  Chicago  1849;  entered  the 
force  July  17, 1885. 

WILLIAM  KELLY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to  Chicago 
1860;  entered  the  force  December  1,  1884;  discharged  August  10, 
1887. 

GEORGE  LYNCH,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1851 ;  came  to  Chicago 
1857;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1883. 

PATRICK  McMAHON,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1843;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1865;  entered  the  force  April  2,  1874;  served  during  the  riots 
of  1877,  also  the  Haymarket,  May  4. 1886. 

MICHAEL  MORAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1852;  came  to  Chicago 
1879;  entered  the  force  December  17,  1884. 

JAMES  McGARRY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Minnesota  1858;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1860;   entered  the  force  November  7,  1886. 

JOHN  McWeeny,  patrolman;  bom  in  Manistee,  Mich.,  1857;  came  to 
Chicago  1881 ;  entered  the  force  August  12,  1885. 

FRANK  J.  McCOMB,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1864;  entered  the 
force  June,  1886. 


536  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

TIMOTHY  O'SULLIVAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1836;  came  to 
Chicago  1882;  entered  the  force  June  20,  1883;  injured  in  theHay- 
uiarket  riot  of  May  4, 1886. 

PATRICK  PRIOR,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1847 ;  came  to  Chicago 
1879;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

WILLIAM  L.  SANDERSON,  patrolman;  born  in  Pennsylvania  1837; 
came  to  Chicago  Janiiary,  1856;  entered  the  force  August  20, 1873. 

MICHAEL  SHORT,  patrolman;  bom  in  Illinois  1864;  came  to  Chicago 
1880;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

MATHEW  J.  SULLIVAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to 
Chicago  June,  1877;  entered  the  force  April  15,  1887. 

DANIEL  W.  SHAY,  patrolmaji;  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  1860;  came  to 
Chicago  1862;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

JOHN  B.  VAIN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Lorraine,  Germany,  1852;  came  to 
Chicago  1878;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

CHARLES  W.  WHITNEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Naperville,  111.,  1857; 
came  to  Chicago  1877;  entered  the  force  1885;  was  wounded  at  the 
Haymarket  riot  and  unable  for  duty  for  one  year. 

MICHAEL  WALSH,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1854;  came  to  Chicago 
1879;  entered  the  force  April  19,  1886. 

BEN  WILLIAMS,  patrolman;  born  in  Quebec,  Canada,  1852;  came  to 
Chicago  1862;  entered  the  force  September,  1878;  on  special  duty 
under  Inspector  Bonfield. 

West  Madison  Steeet  Station,  west  of  Western  avenue, 
originally  a  sub-station  of  the  "  West  Madison  street  station," 
the  name  by  which  the  station  corner  of  West  Madison  and 
Union  streets  was  for  a  time  officially  known.  A  great  deal 
of  confusion  has  arisen  out  of  this  similarity  in  names. 
Properly  speaking  the  precinct  station  was  the  "Union  street 
station,"  and  the  sub-station  should  have  been  called  the 
West  Madison  street  station.  Since  the  change  of  precinct 
headquarters  to  Desplaines  street,  however,  there  is  no  longer 
any  danger  of  mixing  the  stations  up.  The  West  Madison 
street  sub-station  was  organized  in  1881,  under  Superin- 
tendent McGarigle,  with  one  lieutenant,  one  sergeant,  two 
station  keepers  (desk  sergeants),  nine  patrolmen  and  four 
signal  service  men,  seventeen  in  all.  The  station  in  1886 
had  35  men.     The  present  quarters  are  very  poor,  and  as  the 


THE  NOBLE  THIRD  PKECINCT.  537 

statiou  is  destined  to  advance  in  importance  Math  the  growth 
of  the  western  limits,  a  new  structure  will  soon  be  a  necessity. 
It  is  believed  that  the  AVest  Madison  street  station  will,  inside 
of  a  very  few  years,  become  the  headquarters  of  a  new  pre- 
cinct. The  district  patrolled  by  the  force  of  this  station  is 
bounded  north  by  West  Kinzie  street,  south  by  West  Harri- 
son street,  east  by  Hoyne  avenue,  and  west  by  the  city  limits. 
The  territory  patrolled  is  about  two  and  one-fourth  square 
miles,  and  contains  a  population  of  about  4:0,000. 

JOHN  P.  BEARD,  lieutenant  of  police;  born  at  Macomb,  111.,  1850;  came 
to  Chicago  1867;  entered  the  force  Sept.  17,  1878,  and  assigned  to 
Hinman  street  station;  was  detailed  to  draw  up  the  annual  report 
of  Superintendent  Seavey  at  headquarters;  after  completing  this 
work,  was  detailed  in  plain  clothes,  to  catch  Lesser  Friedburg,  of 
Race  murder  notoriety,  in  illegitimate  transactions;  did  so  and  had 
the  pa\\Tibroker  punished;  transferred  to  Harrison  street  and 
shortly  afterward  transferred  to  Union  street;  promoted  to  a  desk 
sergeantcy  and  transferred  to  West  Lake  street;  was  appointed,  at 
Lieut.  Keating's  death,  acting  lieutenant;  appointed  full  lieutenant 
and  transferred  to  West  Madison  street;  has  commanded  companies 
in  all  the  great  riots  and  strikes  which  have  occurred  here  during 
recent  years;  was  particularly  prominent  in  the  street-car  and  Hay- 
market  affairs;  broke  up  several  gangs  of  boy  burglars  in  his  pres- 
ent district,  notably  one  which  went  by  the  name  of  the  "Buffalo 
Bill  Gang."  Lieutenant  Beard's  connection  with  the  street-car 
troubles  and  the  Haymarket  massacre  is  referred  to  elsewhere. 

FRANK  J.  BEAUBIEN,  patrol  sergeant;  bom  in  Chicago  1852;  entered 
the  force  October  24,  1873;  assigned  to  the  Union  street  station; 
transferred  to  Central  detail  1878;  August,  1883,  was  detailed  for 
service  on  first  patrol  wagon  that  ever  left  the  Central  station;  was 
appointed  sergeant  and  assigned  to  West  Chicago  avenue  station; 
transferred  to  W^est  Madison  street  station  September  10,  1887;  is 
the  son  of  Mark  Beaubien,  first  hotel  proprietor  of  Chicago,  and  fre- 
quently mentioned  in  the  early  chapters  of  this  history,  and  nephew 
of  John  B.  Beaubien,  also  a  prominent  pioneer  settler;  was  instru- 
mental in  closing  the  concert  dives  of  the  West  Side  in  1874;  did  act- 
ive work  on  the  Halsted  street  viaduct  in  the  riots  of  1877;  arrested 
Alexander  Halinton  and  John  Kelly  for  the  killing  of  Patrick 
Tiemey  in  the  Sailors  Home,  on  Desplaines  and  Lake  streets; 
arrested  George  Gifford,  alias  Charles  Dean,  for  forgery,  three 
years:  also  Jay  Dean,  the  notorious  counterfeiter,  four  years;  has 
made  many  other  important  arrests;  is  vice  president  of  the 
Policemen's  Benevolent  Association,  a  faithful  and  efficient  officer, 


538  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

and  a  popular  mau.     He  was  transferred  to  his  present  post  on 
September  10,  1887. 

"WILLIAM  W.  CLUETT,  desk  sergeant,  born  in  the  Isle  of  Aldemey, 
England,  August  29,  1847;  came  to  Chicago  in  1853;  entered  the 
force  September  18, 1873;  enlisted  in  the  Federal  Army  September 
24,  1861,  in  the  57th  Illinois  Volunteers,  Infantry;  Jeft  Chicago 
with  the  regiment  February  8,  1862;  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Fort  Donelsou,  Shiloh,  Siege  of  Corinth,  Town  Creek,  Kesaca, 
Kingstown,  Allatoona  Pass,  Atlanta,  Savanah  and  Bensonville. 
Was  with  Gen.  Sherman  in  his  famous  "March  to  the  Sea,"  and 
through  North  and  South  Carolina,  Virginia;  took  part  in  the 
grand  review  at  Washington,  May  4,  1865;  mustered  out  of  the 
service  July  6,  1865,  at  Louisville,  Ky.;  is  a  member  of  Geo.  H. 
Thomas  Post,  No.  5,  G.  A.  R,and  a  faithful,  industrious  and  brave 
officer. 

MICHAEL  CALLAHAN,  desk  sergeant,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York  in  1838 ;  came  to  Illinois  (McHenry  county)  with  his  parents 
when  an  infant;  reared  and  educated  in  that  vicinity,  gradi^ating 
at  Prof.  Anderson's  academy  in  New  York  City ;  worked  on  his 
father's  farm  until  1854,  when  he  left  for  California,  by  way  of  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama;  worked  on  a  farm  near  Stockton,  in  the 
Golden  State,  for  three  years,  and,  later,  engaged  in  mining  opera- 
tions, in  which  he  made  and  lost  a  fortune;  returned  to  Illinois  in 
1865,  by  way  of  Nicaragua,  and  shortly  afterward  settled  down  in 
Chicago;  entered  the  force  May  1, 1867,  as  patrolman;  was  assigned 
to  the  old  Armory  station,  on  Franklin  street;  transferred  to  West 
Lake  street,  where  he  remained  five  years ;  was  promoted  rounds- 
man (patrol  sergeant)  and  transferred  to  West  Twelfth  street 
station;  transferred  back  to  Lake  street,  and  made  desk  sergeant; 
resigned,  and  acted  as  bailiff  at  Justice  Scully's  court,  1872 ;  was 
appointed,  1876,  by  Mayor  Heath  his  on'y  staff  officer,  three  having 
been  dropped ;  served  a  year  in  this  capacity,  and  was  appointed 
lieutenant,  and  assigned  to  West  Twelfth  street  station;  was 
lieutenant  seven  years,  and  then  reduced  by  Mayor  Harrison,  with 
other  officers,  for  political  reasons,  it  is  claimed;  served  a  year  at 
West  Chicago  avenue  before  reduction;  transferred  in  1884  to 
West  Madison  street  station,  and  appointed  desk  sergeant,  which 
position  he  has  held  since;  served  gallantly  in  the  riot  of  '77.  [See 
Riot  of '77.1 

JOSEPH  BURNS,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1855;  entered  the  force 
July  1,  1886. 

JOHN  BROWN,  patrolman;  born  in  Schuylkill  county.  Pa.,  1856;  came 
to  Chicago  August  20,  1878;  entered  the  force  December  18,  1884; 
was  at  the  Haymarket  riot.  May  4,  1886. 


THE  NOBLE  THIRD  PRECINCT.  539 

ALEXANDER  BEAUBTEN,  patrolman;  boru  iu  Chicago  1832;  eu. 
tered  the  force  iu  1862;  re-euterod  in  1882;  was  first  appointed  by 
Police  Commissioners  Wayman,  Newhouse  and  Alexander  Coven- 
try, C.  P.  Bradley,  superintendent;  has  made  many  important 
arrests. 

PETER  J.  BURNS,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chicago 
1877;  entered  the  force  April,  1885;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot, 
May  4,  1886. 

MARTIN  CULLEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1851;  came  to  Chicago 
1864;  entered  the  force  March  16,  1885  ;  injured  in  shoulder  and 
knee  by  shell  during  the  Haymarket  riot  of  May  4,  1886. 

DANIEL  CRAMER,  patrolman;  born  in  Wisconsin  1849;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1870;  entered  the  force  1878;  was  wounded  at  the  Haymarket 
riot. 

MICHAEL  CONNELLY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1857;  came  to 
Chicago  1876;  entered  the  force  1884;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

PATRICK  DONOVAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Clare,  Ireland,  1835;  came 
to  Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  December,  1874;  joined  the 
Ninth  Mass.  Volunteers  June  11,  1861,  and  served  three  years  in 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac;  also  a  member  of  Col.  Mulligan's  Post 
G.  A.  R. 

TIMOTHY  DALY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chicago 
1874;  entered  the  force  1885. 

DENIS  DUNNE,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1857;  entered  the  force 
1883;  Avas  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

RICHARD  ELLSWORTH,  patrolman;  born  in  Boston  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  1884;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot, 
1886. 

JOSEPH  FULEY,  patrolman;  boru  in  Ireland  1863;  came  to, Chicago 
1876;  entered  the  force  January  10,  1887. 

JOSEPH  FALLON,  patrolman;  born  in  Stueben  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1851;  came 
to  Chicago  1871;  entered  the  force  Jime  1,  1882;  was  at  the  Hay- 
market riot. 

MICHx\EL  M.  HORAN,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Clare,  Ireland, 
1855;  came  to  Chicago  1872;  entered  the  force  1883;  was  at  the 
Haymarket  riot. 

MICHAEL  KEELEY,  patrolman;  boru  in  Ireland  1839;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1857;  entered  the  force  September,  1873. 

GEORGE  KERNAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1847;  entered  the 
force  August  1,  1882;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot;  made  some  im- 
portant arrests. 


540  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

HUGH  McNEIL,  patrolniiiu;  born  in  Waukegan,  111.,  1854;  came  to 
Chicago  1878;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  was  at  the 
Hay  market  riot.  May  4, 1886. 

JOHN  MAGIS,  patrolman;  born  in  Lamont.  111.,  1850;  came  to  Chicago 
1867;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  was  at  the  Haymarket 
riot. 

W.  I.  NEFF,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1855;  entered  the  force  De- 
cember, 1884;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

J.  F.  ORCHARD,  patrolman;  born  in  Washington  Co.,  Indiana,  1856; 
came  to  Chicago  1879:  entered  the  force  in  1886. 

ANDREW  O'DAY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1854;  entered  the  force 
December  18,  1883;  assigned  to  special  duty  with  Officer  Hartford. 
The  following  are  some  of  the  important  arrests  made:  May  12, 
1884,  arrested  Oscar  Hanson  and  Bill  Hurd  for  burglary,  sentenced 
for  two  years  in  the  penitentiary;  July  17,  1884,  arrested  two  men 
at  the  Gault  House  for  burglary;  December  20, 1884,  the  arrest  of 
Bill  Myers  for  robbery,  four  years  in  the  penitentiary. 


THE    FOURTH    PRECINCT    MEN.    .  541 


CHAPTER   XXV 11. 

THE  FOURTH  PRECINCT— CAPTAIN  AMOS  W.  HATHAWAY  COMMANDING  — 
THE  WEST  CHICAGO  AVENUE,  NORTH  AVENUE  AND  RAWSON  STREET 
DISTRICTS— WONDERFUL  GROWTH  IN  POPULATION  AND  CONSEQUENT 
INCREASE  IN  POLICE  AREA-  THE  DAYS  OF  SERGEANTS  BEADELL  AND 
BRISCOE— CAPTAIN  HATIIAWAY'S  CAREER-THE  FORCE  ONE  OF  THE 
BEST  ORGANIZED  IN  CHICAGO  — ITS  MEN  AND  THEIR  RECORDS- 
HISTORY  OF  THE   STATIONS. 

The  fourth  precinct  includes  West  Chicago  avenue,  West 
North  avenue  and  Rawson  street  districts,  and  is  commanded 
by  Captain  Amos  W.  Hathaway.  Headquarters,  precinct 
station,  233  West  Chicago  avenue. 

Precinct  Station,  233  West  Chicago  avenue,  was  or- 
ganized as  a  sub-station  in  tlie  spring  of  1868,  with  Ser- 
geant Beadell  in  charge,  who  Avas  succeeded  in  command  by 
Sergeant  Briscoe,  and,  owing  to  the  rapid  growth  of  this  sec- 
tion of  the  city,  the  police  boundaries  were  changed  in  1875, 
and  this  was  made  a  precinct  station  with  Jonas  M.  Johnson 
as  captain.  It  was  then  known  as  the  third  precinct,  the 
second  precinct  station  being  located  at  Union  and  Madison 
streets.  Capt.  Johnson  was  succeeded  in  command  by 
William  J.  McGarigle.  In  1880  McGarigle  was  transferred 
to  the  second  precinct  as  captain,  and  this  became  a  sub- 
station once  more,  with  Lieutenant  Michael  C.  Callahan  in 
command.  He  was  succeeded  by  Lieutenant  J.  S.  Barbee, 
and  he  by  Lieutenant  E.  J.  Steele.  In  1884  Amos  W. 
Hathaway  was  placed  in  command.  Again  the  police  bound- 
aries were  changed,  and  this  once  more  became  a  precinct 
station,  Capt.  Hathaway  commanding.  May  10,  1887,  Capt. 
Hathaw^ay  being  transferred,  Capt.  William  Ward  was  placed 
in  command  again.  Sept.  9,  1887,  Capt.  Ward  was  re- 
moved, and  Capt.  Hathaway  transferred  to  the  command  of 


542  .         THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

this  precinct,  with  a  total  force  of  144  men,  all  told.  The 
precinct  station  has  a  force  of  about  77  men  and  two  matrons. 
The  present  station,  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  city,  was 
completed  in  the  spring  of  1880,  the  old  station  being  set 
aside  for  a  court  room,  in  which  Justice  IngersoU  first  pre- 
sided, and  was  succeeded  by  Justice  Eberhardt  in  May,  1887. 
The  patrol  system  was  adopted  in  this  precinct,  and  went 
into  service  in  June,  1883.  The  precinct  is,  and  always  has 
been,  recognized  as  the  hot-bed  of  anarchism,  and  it  is  with 
difficulty  that  this  disturbing  element  is  kept  under  control. 
The  force  on  duty  at  this  precinct  station  patrols  the 
district  bounded  north  by  Augusta  street,  south  by  West 
Kinzie  street,  east  by  the  north  branch  of  the  Chicago  River, 
and  west  by  the  city  limits,  an  area  of  about  two  and  three- 
quarters  square  miles,  containing  in  1887  an  estimated  pop- 
ulation of  about  100,000. 

AMOS  W.  HATHAWAY,  captain  commanding  the  fourth  precinct; 
born  at  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  May  29,  1839;  worked  on  a  farm 
when  a  boy;  learned  the  machiuest  trade  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.;  was  with 
Col.  "Jim"  Lane  in  Kansas  in  1857  and  1858,  and  was  a  participant 
in  some  of  the  exciting  border  episodes  of  those  days;  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  1860;  worked  at  his  trade  here,  managing  the  mechanical 
department  of  an  immense  bakery  which  supplied  "  hard  tack"  to 
the  Union  army;  entered  the  police  force  in  1864,  being  assigned 
to  duty  at  the  old  North  Market  station  on  Michigan  street;  after 
three  years'  service  as  patrolman,  resigned  and  returned  to  the 
cracker  business;  re-entered  the  force,  and  was  appointed  sergeant 
of  the  Huron  street  station  in  1869;  promotetl  to  a  lieutenancy  in 
1871;  appointed  captain  in  1882;  transferred  to  the  West  Chicago 
avenue  station  in  1884;  transferred  to  the  East  Chicago  avenue 
station  in  May,  1887;  transferred  back  to  the  West  Chicago  avenue 
station  Sept.  9,  1887.  He  is  a  man  of  pleasant  manners,  courteous 
and  gentlemanly  in  his  bearing,  very  successful  as  an  executive 
officer,  and  reliable  in  every  particular. 

CHARLES  C.  LARSEN,  lieutenant  of  police;  born  in  Copenhagen, 
Denmark,  1844;  came  to  Chicago  July,  1866;  entered  the  force 
September  18,  1873;  assigned  to  patrol  duty  at  the  West  Chicago 
avenue  station;  promoted  to  be  desk  sergeant  April,  1881;  trans- 
ferred as  such  to  East  Chicago  avenue  station  October  1, 1882;  pro- 
moted to  be  patrol  sergeant  February  13, 1885,  and  transferred  to 
Harrison  street  station,  where  he  remained  until  October  28,  1885, 


AMOS.   \V.    HATHAWAY, 

Capt.   ComJ'^.    Fourth    Precinct. 


THE    FOURTH    PRECINCT    MEN.  543 

then  transferred  to  East  Chicago  avemie  station;  promoted  to 
lieutenancy  February  19,  1885,  remaining  at  the  East  Chicago  ave- 
nue station  until  May  10,  1887,  when  he  was  transferred  to  present 
station.  In  the  great  strike  and  socialistic  propaganda  of  1878  he 
was,  owing  to  his  familiarity  with  the  diiTereut  North  European 
languages,  detailed  to  ascertain  and  watch  the  movements  of  the 
socialistic  anarchists  who  then  numbered  more  than  a  thousand 
well-armed  men,  calling  themselves  the  "  Lehr  and  Wehr  Verein." 
In  February,  1879,  Lieutenant  Larsen  was  detailed  to  ferret  out 
the  mysterious  deaths  of  Henry  Gelderman,  a  well-to-do  German 
grocer,  of  No.  505  Sedgwick  street,  and  of  Ida  Meyer,  wife  of  Gel- 
demian's  attending  physician,  which  deaths  occurred  within  six 
weeks  of  each  other.  After  six  weeks  of  hard  labor  Lieutenant 
Larsen  sxicceeded  in  having  Dr.  Henry  Meyer  and  Mrs.  Ida  Gel- 
derman held  for  murder.  It  was  proved  beyond  doubt  that  Gelder- 
man and  Mrs.  Meyer  had  been  poisoned,  the  motive  being  found  in 
the  fact  that  Dr.  Meyer  and  Gelderman's  wife  were  unduly  inti- 
mate. By  legal  legerdemain  both  escaped  punishment.  Shortly 
afterward  they  were  married,  and  moved  to  333  Center  street, 
where,  on  March  17,  1880,  Dr.  Meyer's  child,  a  boy  of  two  years  and 
five  months  (by  his  first  marriage),  was  found  drowned  in  a  bath 
tub  half  filled  with  water.  In  May,  1883,  Dr.  Meyer  was  again 
brought  before  the  public,  at  this  time  charged  with  an  attempt  to 
poison  his  second  wife  with  sugar  of  lead,  but  escaped  conviction. 
The  two  were  afterward  divorced;  he  went  West  and  she  married 
again.  Lieutenant  Larsen  also  took  a  very  active  part  in  the 
artesian  well  murder  case,  July  4,  1880,  by  discovering  the  identity 
of  the  victim,  and  fastening  the  crime  on  Claus  Hultgren,  a  friend 
and  companion  of  Johansen,  the  victim.  Hultgren  was  tried,  but 
escaped  conviction.  On  the  eventful  evening  of  May  4,  1886, 
Lieutenant  Larsen,  with  a  company  of  men  from  the  East  Chicago 
avenue  station,  was  ordered  to  report  at  the  Twelfth  street  station 
to  Captain  O'Douuell,  but  on  arriving  there  the  latter  ordered  him 
to  report  back  to  his  own  station,  as  everything  was  apparently 
quiet.  On  returning,  Lieutenant  Larsen  ordered  all  his  men  to  bed, 
in  that  they  might  have  a  good  rest,  and  be  ready  for  emergencies. 
It  was  then  10  o'clock  at  night.  The  men  had  scarcely  turned  in 
before  a  telephone  message  was  received  calling  all  the  available 
men  of  the  station  to  the  Haymarket  as  speedily  as  possible.  In 
less  than  three  minutes  Lieutenant  Larsen,  with  two  patrol  wagons, 
manned  by  forty  patrolmen,  rushed  out  of  the  station  to  the  scene 
of  the  explosion.  The  drivers  allowed  their  horses  to  run  at  full 
speed,  and  turning  the  comer  of  Erie  street  the  one  in  which  Lar- 
sen was  ran  against  the  curbstone  and  was  upset.  Several  of  the 
officers  were  slightly  injured  and  Lieutenant  Larsen  sprained  his 
left  ankle.  The  wagon  was  raised  without  delay,  however,  and 
with  all  but  one  man,  who  had  his  shoulder  dislocated,  started  out 


544  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

afresh  for  the  scene  of  the  riot,  arriving  there  seven  minutes  after 
the  message  had  been  received.  The  wounded  officers  and  anarch- 
ists were  still  lying  around.  Inspector  Bonfield  ordered  Lieuten- 
ant Larsen  to  search  for  and  bring  in  the  wounded,  and  then  drive 
the  remaining  crowd  away  from  the  Haymarket  and  neighboring 
streets.  Several  wounded  rioters  were  found  hiding  themselves  in 
basements  and  cellars.  These  were  conveyed  to  the  Desplaines 
street  station  and  cared  for.  While  this  search  was  going  on  Lar- 
sen's  men  were  fired  at  several  times,  but  none  of  them  were 
injured.  A  few  days  later  Lieutenant  Larsen  rendered  valuable 
service  in  locating  the  Lingg  bomb  manufactory  at  442  Sedgwick 
street,  which  led  to  the  arrest  of  Seliger  and  afterward  of  Louis 
Lingg. 

FEANCIS  SMITH,  lieutenant  of  police,  was  bom  in  the  Grand  Duchy 
of  Baden,  Germany,  in  1837;  came  to  this  country  when  sixteen 
years  old,  remaining  in  New  York  for  about  three  years  and 
learning  the  confectionery  trade;  went  into  the  regular  army,  3d 
Artillery,  under  Col.  Thomas  Sherman,  and  served  in  the  north- 
west, doing  border  duty  at  Fort  Snelling  and  elsewhere,  from  1855 
to  1860;  went  back  to  Germany;  returning,  enlisted  in  the  1st  New 
York  Cavalry  in  1861,  and  went  at  once  to  the  front,  fighting  at  first 
under  Phil  Kearney,  and  later  under  Phil  Sheridan,  the  two  lead- 
ing cavalry  officers  of  the  war;  was  in  most  of  the  battles  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  with  Sheridan  in  the  Shenandoah 
Valley;  served  three  years  and  four  months  and  was  discharged  in 
August,  1864;  went  into  business  in  New  York  City;  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  1867,  and  entered  the  police  force  in  1869;  assigned  to  Lar- 
rabee  street  station;  remained  there  eighteen  years,  excepting  a 
few  months  at  East  Chicago  avenue  station,  serving  twelve  years 
as  desk  sergeant;  promoted  to  a  patrol  sergeantcy  and  to  a  lieuten- 
ancy fifteen  days  later,  September  9,  1887,  at  which  time  he  was 
transferred  to  West  Chicago  avenue  station  vice  Lieutenant  Schu- 
macher, resigned. 

EDMUND  ROACH,  patrol  sergeant;  born  in  Ireland  1848 ;  came  to  Chi- 
cago  1857;  entered  the  force  September  3, 1869;  promoted  to  patrol 
sergeantcy  and  assigned  to  West  Lake  street  station;  transferred 
to  West  Chicago  avenue  station  September  9,  1887. 

LOUIS  KAISEE,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Hesse  Cassel,  Germany,  1843; 
came  to  Chicago  1871 ;  entered  the  force  March,  1874;  served  as 
desk  sergeant  at  Larrabee  street  station;  as  clerk  of  chief  of  de- 
tectives. Central  station ;  as  record  clerk,  and  again  desk  sergeant 
at  West  Chicago  avenue  station. 

ADOLPH  SANDERS,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Germany  1835;  came  to 
Chicago  1866;  entered  the  force  August  19,  1870 ;  appointed  desk 
sergeant    August    26,   1873;    detailed    at    East  Chicago    avenue 


THE    FOURTH    PKECINCT    MEN.  545 

station ;  transferred  to  West  Chicago  avenue  1880  ;  was  nearly 
beaten  to  death  by  a  mob,  led  by  Daniel  Coughlin,  on  Kinzie 
street,  1871,  while  in  the  discharge  of  his  duty. 

JOHN  LYNCH,  telephone  operator,  police  department;  born  in  Chicago 
1863;  entered  the  force  April  10,  1886. 

EDWARD  BARRETT,  patrolman  ;  bom  in  Ireland  184.");  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1866;  entered  the  force  187-4;  has  made  many  important  ar- 
rests; at  the  point  of  his  revolver,  arrested  Culkins  and  Clark  for 
horse  stealing;  was  m  the  riot  of  1877,  and  wounded  in  the  Hay- 
market  riot  of  1886. 

CHRISTIAN  BLUXITH.  patrolman;  born  in  Norway  1842. 

MARTIN  BOCK,  patrolman;  born  in  Westphalia,  Germany,  1854;  came 
to  Chicago  August,  1875;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  was  at 
the  Haymarket  riot  of  1886. 

WILLIAM  BURKE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  18.55;  came  to  Chicago 
1874;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

PETER  BO  WEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Dorset,  Vt.,  1853;  came  to  Chi- 
cago March  8,  1880;  entered  the  force  July  1. 1886;  before  entering 
the  force,  was  employed  as  marble  worker  by  Davidson  &  Sons ; 
has  proved  an  efficient  and  faithful  officer;  has  never  as  yet  been 
reprimanded  by  his  superior  officers. 

JAMES  COOK,  patrolman;  born  in  Fifeshire,  Scotland,  1837;  came  to 
Chicago  June,  1861 ;  entered  the  force  May  1,  1872 ;  arrested 
Christ.  Johnson  for  the  murder  of  a  girl  while  drawing  water  at  a 
hydrant,  and  was  sentenced  to  seventeen  years  at  Joliet;  also  Patsy 
Fagen  for  highway  robbery,  sentenced  to  three  years;  has  been  de- 
tailed on  river  police,  and  took  active  part  in  the  riots  since  1872; 
was  at  the  Haymarket  iu  1886. 

JOHN  J.  COLLINS,  patrolman;  born  in  Canada  1855;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1879;  entered  the  force  April  20,  1886;  at  the  Haymarket  riot 
of  1886,  under  Lieutenant  Martin  Quinn. 

NICHOLAS  CROSBY,  patrolman ;  born  in  County  Wexford,  Ireland, 
18.55;  came  to  Chicago  April,  1871;   entered  the  force  March  25, 

1881. 

JOHN  O.  CONNELL,  patrolman;  born  in  Waukegan,  111.,  ia57;  came 
to  Chicago  1868 ;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  was  in 
Lieutenant  Steele's  company  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

WILLIAM  J.  DETERLING,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1863;  en- 
tered the  force  December  15,  1884;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot  of 
May  4,  1886. 

THOMAS  F.  DIVANE,  patrolman;  bom  iu  Ireland  1856;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1875;   entered  the  force  July  31, 1886;  arrested  a  young  man 

*35 


546  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

named  Mahoney,  who  kicked  and  Ijeat  bis  father  because  he  would 
not  furnish  him  money  to  buy  li(juor;  he  was  sent  to  the  Bridewell 
on  «100  fine. 

MICHAEL  DENNEHY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  18G1;  came  to  Chi- 
cago June,  1880;  entered  the  force  July,  1886. 

-JOHN  H.  FOSS,  patrolman;  born  in  Norway  1855;  came  to  Chicago 
1881;   entered  the  force  June  1,  1887. 

CHRISTOPHER  W.  GAINER,  patrolman;  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
1858;  came  to  Chicago  1871 ;  entered  the  force  December  5,  1884; 
was  wounded  at  the  Haymarket  riot,  in  the  right  leg,  above  the 
knee. 

HERMAN  GAINER,  patrolman;  born  in  Cincinnati.  Ohio,  1861;  came 
to  Chicago  1878;   entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

ALBERT  GRAUTIER,  patrolman;  born  in  Richland  county,  Ohio, 
1857;   came  to  Chicago  1870;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

WILLIAM  HALPIN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1856;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1874;  entered  the  force  1885;  with  Officer  James  Calkin,  ar- 
rested Nicholi  Daloi,  who  stabbed  his  wife  at  87  Austin  avenue. 
Ho  pleaded  guilty  to  manslaughter  in  Judge  Tuley's  court,  and 
was  sentenced  to  five  years  at  Joliet. 

CHARLES  HARDIN,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1854;  came  to 
Chicago  1864 ;  entered  the  force  June,  1887. 

DANIEL  R.  HOGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Detroit,  Mich..  1859;  came  to 
Chicago  1878;  entered  the  force  January  1,  1887. 

EDWARD  J.  HANLY,  patrolman;  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,1851;  came  to 
Chicago  1852;  entered  the  force  1883;  had  some  narrow  escapes 
from  being  shot  while  in  the  discharge  of  his  duty,  particularly  on 
the  night  of  July  5th,  when  he  shot  and  killed  Mitzger,  a  burglar 
and  thief. 

WILLIAM  HAGUE,  operator;  born  in  Park  Ridge,  111..  1855;  came  to 
Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  June  27,  1883. 

JOHN  JURO,  i)atrolman;  born  in  Germany  1854;  came  to  Chicago  1867; 
entered  the  force  December  13,  1884;  made  many  important  ar- 
rests; Thomas  Harris,  five  years  in  the  penitentiary  for  robbery; 
Walter  Furlong,  two  years  and  six  months  in  the  penitentiary  for 
burglary. 

CHARLES  JENSCH,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1851;  came  to  Chi- 
cago June  9,  1872;  entered  the  force  February  9,  1873;  was  at  the 
Haymarket  not. 

SOLFEST  L.  JOHNSON,  patrolman;  born  in  Bergen,  Norway,  1852; 
came  to  Chicago  1875;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 


THE    FOUKTH    PRECINCT    MEN.  547 

MICHAEL  KISSANE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1856;  ojirae  to  Chi- 
cago May  2(),  1873;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  was  at 
the  Haymarket  riot  of  May  4,  188G. 

JEREMIAH  KENNEDY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to, 
Chicago  1872;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  was  at  the 
Haymarket  riot  of  May  4,  1886. 

STEPHEN  KOLSTAD,  patrolman;  born  in  Norway  1853;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1870;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887;  before  entering  the 
force  was  letter  carrier  for  five  years. 

JOHN  KINSELLA,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to  Chicago 
1851;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  was  in  the  street-car  strike 
of  1885,  and  the  McCormick  and  Haymarket  riots  of  1886. 

G.  M.  KNOWLES,  patrolman;  bom  in  Kane  county.  111.,  1857;  came  to, 
Chicago  November,  1871 ;  entered  the  force  April  14,  1887. 

LUKE  KALAS,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1864;  came  to  Chicago 
October  7,  1871;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

JAMES  C.  LARKIN,  patrolman;  born  in  Pennsylvania  1861;  came  to 
Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  April  20,  1886;  was  at  the  Hay- 
market riot. 

FRANK  G.  LETIS,  patrolman;  born  in  Austria  1853;  came  to  Chicago 
July,  1871;  entered  the  force  February  20,  1883;  at  1:30  a.  m.,  on 
April  29, 1884,  was  fired  at  by  Joe  Hounors  and  James  Foley,  burg- 
lars, at  the  corner  of  Emerson  avenue  and  Leavitt  street,  one  ball 
struck  a  memorandum  book  in  his  vest  pocket  and  glanced  ofiF, 
the  other  jjassed  through  his  coat  tail;  these  men  received  a  sen- 
tence of  nine  and  five  years  in  the  penitentiary;  was  sick  for  five 
weeks  from  the  effects  of  a  beating  over  the  head  with  a  soda-water 
bottle  in  the  Aurora  Turner  Hall;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot,  and 
had  a  very  narrow  escape  from  three  different  shots,  one  through 
the  right  sleeve  of  his  coat,  another  grazed  his  back,  and  another 
struck  his  helmet. 

PATRICK  T.  LOFTUS,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1856;  entered  the 
force  May  8,  1882;  made  many  important  arrests.  Michael  Sulli- 
van received  twenty  years  in  the  penitentiary  for  burglary;  Geo. 
Barry,  alias  Frank  Wilson,  for  burglary,  who  attempted  to  shoot 
him  at  the  time  of  arrest;  the  case  against  him  was  dismissed  by 
Judge  Baker,  upon  condition  that  he  leave  the  United  States  for 
Scotland. 

JOHN  MILLER,  patrolman;  bom  in  1831;  came  to  Chicago  1858;  en- 
tered the  force  August  1,  1868;  lock-up  keeper. 

JOHN  K.  McMAHON,  patrolman;  born  in  New  Orleans  1857;  came  to 
Chicago  1871;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  arrested 
Frank  Edgar,  alias  "  Shorty,"  for  burglary,  who  was  sentenced  to 


548  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

five  years  at  Joliet;  received  two  wounds  at  the  Haymarket  riot, 
from  which  he  is  still  suflFerin<,', 

PETER  McGUIRE,  patrolman;  born  in  Lamont,  111.,  1854;  came  to 
Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  April  20,  1886;  was  at  the  Hay- 
market  riot. 

JAMES  J.  MACKEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1859;  entered  the 
force  December  15,  1884;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot  of  May  4, 1886. 

MARTIN  MATHESON,  patrolman;  born  in  Christiana,  Norway,  1853; 
came  to  Chicago  December  11, 1868;  entered  the  force  June  3, 1887. 

JAMES  F.  McMANUS,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Cavin,  Ireland, 
1860;  came  to  Chicago  1876;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

JOHN  J.  MURPHY,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  1858;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1863;  entered  the  force  1886;  was  at  the  McCormick  strike, 
May,  1886. 

PETER  MoGRAIN,  patrolman;  born  in  Lake  county.  111.,  1854;  came 
to  Chicago  1881;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887;  had  been  special 
policeman  at  the  Chicago  Opera  House  for  eighteen  months  prior 
to  entering  the  force. 

P.  J.  MOLONEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1848;  came  to  Chicago 
1866;  eatered  the  force  August,  1871;  served  through  the  riots  of 
1877;  has  been  on  duty  at  the  West  Lake,  West  Madison,  and 
West  Twelfth  street  stations;  was  appointed  clerk  of  detectives  in 
1879,  which  position  he  held  until  1882;  which  was  resigned  to  ac- 
cept the  position  of  deputy  under  County  Clerk  Ryan,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  for  four  years;  on  January  1,  1887,  was  reinstated  on 
the  force. 

PETER  McCUE,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1863;  came  to  Chicago 
May  3,  1867;  entered  the  force  1881;  has  made  many  important 
arrests. 

JOHN  MULLINS,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1840;  came  to  Chicago 
1850;  entered  the  force  1869;  arrested  John  Keegan  and  William 
Quinn,  for  burglary,  who  were  sent  to  the  penitentiary. 

FRANK  W.  NOHREN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1859;  entered  the 
force  June,  1885;   was  at  the  Haymarket  riot,  Tinder  Lieut.  Quinn. 

PETER  NELSON,  patrolman;  born  in  1853;  came  to  Chicago  May  11, 
1857;  entered  the  force  January  1,  1886. 

PATRICK  O'NEILL,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Cork,  Ireland,  1854; 
came  to  Chicago  May,  1873;  entered  the  force  July,  1886. 

PATRICK  D.  OWENS,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1842;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1863;  entered  the  force  1878;  arrested  many  notorious  crimi- 
nals; the  most  important  were  Frank  Garrity,  who  shot  him  in  the 
knee,  and  Pete  Mallory,  who  died  in  the  penitentiary. 


THE    FOURTH    PRECINCT    MEN.  549 

JACOB  B.  REHM.  patrohuiin;  boru  in  Lake  county,  111.,  1857;  came  to 
Chicago  1877;  entered  the  force  January  3,  1887;  worked  for  the 
Chicag  )  Rawhide  Manufactory  three  years,  then  opened  a  tannery 
of  his  own;  sold  out  in  1881;  worked  as  a  carpenter  until  installed 
in  the  police  force. 

JOHN  L.  RIVERE,  patrolman;  American  born;  came  to  Chicago  in 
1865;  entered  the  force  1887. 

WILLIAM  J.  RYAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Lake  Co.,  111.,  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  October,  1878;  entered  the  force  June  7,  1887. 

JOHN  RYAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1836;  came  to  Chicago  1857; 
entered  the  force  Sept.  1,  1870;  has  been  doing  detective  work 
since  1882,  in  company  with  Officer  Loftus,  the  most  notorious  ones 
arrested  being  Jas.  McGrath  and  PeteMallory;  they  each  received 
five  years  in  the  penitentiary;  Michael  Sullivan,  burglary,  who 
received  twenty  years;  John  Dunn  and  Henry  Gillespie,  robbery, 
ten  years  each;  John  Mahoyede,  murder,  seventeen  years;  also 
Thos.  Smith,  who  has  served  three  terms  in  the  penitentiary. 

FRANK  SCHNEIDER,  patrolman;  born  in  DuPage  Co.,  111.,  1862; 
came  to  Chicago  February  14,  1881;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886. 

JOHN  J.  SHEA,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  City  1854;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1864;  entered  the  force  1884;  was  in  the  street-car 
strike  of  1885;  the  McCormick  strike  of  1886;  arrested  the  notori- 
ous Annie  Schimmel,  victim  of  Newhall  House  fire,  Milwaukee; 
also  Harry  Rivers,  for  obtaining  money  under  false  pretenses. 

NELS  O.  SLOIER,  patrolman;  born  in  Holmstrand,  Norway,  1849; 
came  to  Chicago  July,  1872;  entered  the  force  Sept.  15,  1884;  was 
in  Lieut.  Quinn's  company  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

CORNELIUS  SULLIVAN,  patrolman;  American  born;  came  to  Chi- 
cago May  16, 1885;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

JOHN  SULLIVAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chicago 
1878;  entered  the  force  1884;  arrested  John  DeLowery  for  larceny; 
Geo.  Marks,  who  was  sentenced  to  the  penitentiary  for  two  years. 

HENRY  J.  WIENEKE,  patrolman;  born  in  Cook  Co.,  111.,  1857;  came 
to  Chicago  1857;  entered  the  force  April,  1886;  was  in  Lieut. 
Quinn's  company  at  the  Haymarket  riot,  and  was  shot  in  the  neck. 

PATRICK  WALSH,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1856;  came  to  Chicago 
June,  1872;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  was  in  Lieut. 
Steele's  company  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

FRANK  WELLMAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Hanover,  Germany,  1848; 
came  to  Chicago  1851;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884; 
machinist  by  trade;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 


550  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

FRANK  WESOLEK,  patrolman;  bom  in  Poland  1860;  came  to  Chicago 
August  5,  1878;  entered  the  force  December  13,  1884;  was  in  Lieut. 
Quinn's  company  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

JOHN  WAAGE,  patrolman;  born  in  Norway  1862;  came  to  Chicago 
1884;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

West  North  Avenue  Station,  West  North  avenue, 
near  Milwaukee  avenue,  was  opened  August  1, 1883.  The 
district  patrolled  by  the  force  of  this  station  is  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Ashland  avenue,  to  Western  avenue  by  Armi- 
tage  road,  and  from  Western  avenue  to  the  city  limits  by 
West  North  avenue,  on  the  south  by  Augusta  street,  east  by 
Ashland  avenue,  and  west  by  the  city  limits.  The  area  is 
about  two  square  miles,  and  the  population  about  35,000. 

FRANK  PENZEN,  lieutenant  of  police,  commanding  West  North  avenue 
district,  was  born  in  the  city  of  Rosbach,  province  of  Mecklinberg, 
Germany,  August  11,  1838.  He  left  his  native  land,  as  a  sailor,  at 
the  age  of  fourteen,  and  remained  at  a  seafaring  life  until  1868. 
He  crossed  the  ocean  several  times,  and  became  a  proficient  sea- 
man. After  coming  to  this  country,  in  1854,  it  was  his  custom  to 
spend  his  summers  upon  the  lakes  and  his  winters  upon  the  ocean. 
He  first  came  to  Chicago  in  1856,  and  became  commander  of  the 
schooner  Hamlet,  which  plied  between  lake  ports  and  Chicago.  He 
was  captain  of  this  vessel  until  1864,  and  of  other  vessels  until  1868, 
when  he  retired  from  that  mode  of  life.  Entering  the  Chicago 
police  force  on  August  6,  1869,  he  was  assigned  to  the  Union  street 
station,  and  remained  there  three  years.  He  was  then  transferred 
to  the  Central  detail,  and  remained  until  1873,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred back  to  Union  street,  and  from  there  to  West  Chicago 
avenue,  as  roundsman  (now  patrol  sergeant);  remained  here  till 
1881,  and  transferred  to  the  Webster  avenue  station  with  same 
rank;  remained  here  twenty  months,  and  was  transferred  back  to 
West  Chicago  avenue.  On  August  1, 1883,  he  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  lieutenant,  and  placed  in  charge  of  the  West  North 
avenue  district,  from  which  he  was  transferred  to  the  Desplaiues 
street  station,  remaining  there  two  and  one-half  years  ;  and  when 
Captain  Ward  was  transferred  to  West  Chicago  avenue,  he  was 
transferred  to  his  old  station,  the  West  North  avenue,  where  he 
has  remained  ever  since.  In  the  riot  of  1877  his  left  cheek  bone 
was  broken  by  a  stone  thrown  from  the  mob;  he  was  in  charge  of 
a  company  at  the  Division  street  bridge;  has  seen  active  service 
in  the  lumber  shovers',  switchmen's  and  other  strikes,  and  was  de- 
tailed for  a  week  on  the  Michigan  Southern  tracks  during  the 


THE    rOUHTH    PRECINCT    MEN.  551 

troubles  on  that  line;  was  at  the  Desplaines  street  station  on  the 
night  of  May  4,  1886,  and  commanded  the  sixth  company  which 
marched  upon  the  socialistic  meetinfj  before  the  bomb  was 
thrown,  being  detailed  to  guard  the  approaches  on  Randolph 
street,  and  was  stationed  seventy  or  eighty  feet  away  from  the 
spot  where  the  bomb  fell.  Only  one  of  his  company  was  wounded — 
Henry  F.  Smith,  who  received  a  stray  bullet  in  the  shoulder,  and 
has  recovered. 

GEORGE  A.  BENDER,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Germany  1843;  came  to 
Chicago  1847;  entered  the  force  1872. 

JOSEPH  KANDZIA,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Germany  1856;    came  to 
Chicago  1870;  entered  the  force  1881. 

PETER  BERGER,  patrolman;  lioru  in  Chicago  1850;  entered  the  force 

1886. 

JOHN  J.  BARRY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1860;  entered  the  force 
1886. 

LOUIS  BOUMAN,  patrohnan;  bom  in  Milwaukee  1851;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1869;  entered  the  force  1884. 

JAMES  F.  CULKIN,  patrolman;  born  in  Vermont,  1857;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1859;  entered  the  force  1886. 

SAMUEL  COLLINS,  patrolman;  bom  in  Canada  1858;   came  to  Chi- 
cago 1881;  entered  the  force  1884. 

WILLIAM  DE  WALD,  patrolman;   bom  in  Germany  1843;  came  to 
Chicago  1853;  entered  the  force  1881. 

C.  J.  FITZGERALD,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1862;  entered  the 
force  December,  1884. 

JAMES  GLEASON,  patrolman;   born  in   Chicago  1861;    entered  the 
force  1884 

JULIUS  HAERLE,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1850;  entered  the  force 
June,  1883. 

ALEXANDER  HALVERSON,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1858;    en- 
tered the  force  1884. 

JAMES  B.  KELLY,  patrolman;  born  in  Jefferson,  Cook  Co.,  111.,  1856; 
came  to  Chicago  1860;  entered  the  force  December  15, 1884. 

JAMES  KEARNS,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1847;  came  to  Chicago 
1871;  entered  the  force  1874. 

JAMES  W.  KEER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Dundee,  Scotland,  1834;  came 
to  Chicago  1860;  entered  the  force  1870. 

JOHN  LINDSTROM,  patrolman;  bom  in  Sweden  1846;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1867;  entered  the  force  1882. 


552  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

JOHN  J.  MoNULTY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Peru,  La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  1861; 
came  to  Chicago  1881;  entered  the  force  1884. 

WILLIAM  C.  MORRIS,  patrolman;   born  in  Pittsburg,  Penn.,  1849; 
came  to  Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  1873. 

JAMES  B.  MALLOY,  patrolman;   bom  in  Joliet,  111..  1854;   came  to 
Chicago  1882;  entered  the  force  1884. 

DANIEL  P.  McCarthy,  patrolman;  born  in  1863;  entered  the  force 

1884. 

THOMAS  McNAMARA,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1854;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1868;  entered  the  force  1884. 

CHARLES  L.  MOORE,  patrolman;  born  in  Rock  Island  Co.,  111.,  1858; 
came  to  Chicago  1881;  entered  the  force  1884. 

CONRAD  L.  NIEHOFF,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1857;  entered  the 
force  1886. 

PATRICK  H.  OWENS,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1848;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1862;  entered  the  force  1872. 

DANIEL  RYAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Lancaster,  Penn..  1854;  came  to 
Chicago  1877;  entered  the  force  1887. 

GEORGE  W.  RAYCRAFT,  patrolman;   born  in  Ireland  1847;   came  to 
Chicago  1866;  entered  the  force  1873. 

CHARLES  SPIERLING,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  1884. 

CHARLES  SCHOEN,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1850;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1872;  entered  the  force  1884. 

JACOB  TAMILLO,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1850;  came  to  Chicago 
1878;  entered  the  force  June  13,  1883. 

Bawson  Street  Station. — January  27tli,  1879,  the 
board  of  police  formed  a  new  police  district  in  the  north- 
western part  of  the  city,  bounded  on  the  east  by  the  Chi- 
cago River,  south  by  North  avenue  and  west  and  north  by 
the  city  limits,  and  opened  a  new  police  station  termed  the 
North  Branch  sub-station.  There  was  no  station  house,  but 
the  rolling  mill  company  gave  the  commissioners  the  use  of  a 
vacant  office  at  the  foot  of  Wabansia  avenue  and  between  the 
north  and  south  mills,  until  such  time  as  a  station  house 
would  be  built.  This  office  was  small,  and  there  was  far 
from  sufficient  room  for  either   officers  or  prisoners.     Into 


THE    FOUUTH    PRECINCT    MEN.  553 

this  building  Sergt.  James  Garritty,  who  was  transferred 
from  12th  street  station,  was  installed  in  command  of  the 
following  named  men:  William  Kaeke  and  Thos.  E. 
Walsh,  station  keepers;  Herman  Nelson,  Adam  Bender, 
Wm.  H.  Jordon,  Laurence  Heelan,  James  Buckley,  M.  B. 
Hansen,  John  Delaney  and  Noble  Hilliard — one  sergeant, 
two  station  keepers  and  eight  patrolmen.  October  2Gth, 
1871,  a  new  frame  station  house  having  been  built  at  No.  87 
Rawson  street,  Sergt.  Garritty  took  charge  of  it  in  command 
of  the  following  named  officers:  Wm.  Kaeke  and  Thos.  E. 
Walsh,  station  keepers;  Herman.  Nelson,  Adam  Bender, 
Wm.  H.  Jordon,  Ed.  Miller,  Laurence  Heelan,  Noble  Hil- 
liard, Michael  Murphy;  Officer  Delaney  in  the  meantime 
having  been  transferred,  and  Officer  Buckley  discharged. 
May  21st,  1872,  Sergt.  Garritty  was  transferred  to  Union 
street  station  and  Wm.  B.  Macauley  was  transferred  from 
Webster  avenue  to  Rawson  street  station.  Also  several 
patrolmen  transferred.  September  1st,  1872,  Wm,  B.  Mac- 
auley having  resigned  from  the  force,  Sergt.  Frank  Ger- 
bing  took  command  of  Rawson  street  station,  having  been 
transferred  from  the  Lake  street  squad,  now  Central  detail, 
abolished  at  that  time  by  Elmer  Washburn,  the  new  super- 
intendent of  police  succeeding  Mr.  Kennedy,  avIio  had  been 
chief  from  the  time  this  station  was  opened.  Mr.  Wash- 
burn also  made  a  change  in  the  roittine  of  duty,  forming 
the  men  into  three  sections,  with  a  roundsman  at  the  head 
of  each  section.  1st  section,  three  men  under  Roundsman 
Adam  Bender;  2nd  section,  two  men  under  Roundsman 
James  Fisher;  3rd  section,  three  men  under  Roundsman 
James  Brennan.  This  system  did  not  work  well ;  the  men 
were  dissatisfied,  and  the  men  were  changed  again  into  two 
sections,  under  Roundsmen  Bender  and  Fisher.  On  the  1st 
of  October,  1872,  Officer  Wm.  Patton,  of  the  Lake  street 
squad,  was  appointed  roundsman,  and  Bender  was  reduced 
to  the  ranks.  December  29th,  1873,  Supt.  Washburn  hav- 
ing  resigned,  Jacob  Rehm  was  appointed    superintendent, 


554  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

and  lie  abolislied  the  system  of  traveling  by  platoons  in  the 
sub-stations.  Roundsman  Fisher  was  reduced  to  the  ranks 
and  Patton  was  retained,  there  being  only  one  section  on 
night  duty.  February  2nd,  1874,  Sergt,  Gerbing  was  trans- 
ferred to  East  Chicago  avenue  station,  and  Sergt.  T.  D.  Fox 
was  changed  from  Webster  avenue  to  Rawson  street.  Decem- 
ber 21st,  1874,  Rawson  street  district  was  enlarged  to  Divis- 
ion street,  which  was  made  the  dividing  line  from  the  river 
to  limits,  and  three  additional  patrolmen  were  transferred 
here  July  1st,  1877.  The  title  and  rank  of  the  officers 
were  changed,  and  Sergt.  Fox  received  the  title  of  lieutenant, 
while  Roundsman  Patton  received  that  of  sergeant,  the  pay 
remaining  the  same. 

December  1st,  1877,  Sergt.  Patton  resigned  from  tlie 
force  under  charges  invented  by  a  clique  of  four  policemen 
in  the  station,  which  he  was  unable  at  that  time  to  contro- 
vert, but  which  he  cleared  himself  of  afterward  to  the  satis- 
faction of  Mayor  Heath,  who  was  then  mayor  of  Chicago.- 
December  1st,  1877,  Officer  Martin  Quinn  Avas  appointed 
sergeant  vice  Patton.  February  1st,  1877,  Lieut.  M. 
BischofP  was  transferred  to  Rawson  street  station,  and  Lieut. 
Fox  transferred  to  East  Chicago  avenue.  January  16th,  1883, 
Lieut.  Bischoff  was  transferred  to  East  Chicago  avenue  sta- 
tion, and  Lieut.  Victor  Schumacher  took  charge  of  Rawson 
street  station,  and  on  the  24th  of  June,  1883,  Sergt.  Martin 
Quinn  was  transferred  to  East  Chicago  avenue,  and  Sergt. 
Chas.  O'Connor  was  transferred  from  Webster  avenue  to 
Rawson  street.  February  10th,  1885,  Lieut.  Schumacher 
resigned  from  the  police  department,  and  the  present  com- 
mandant, Charles  J.  Johnson,  was  transferred  here  from 
East  Chicago  avenue. 

On  the  morning  of  July  26th,  1876,  Officer  Fred  W. 
Koenig,  who  was  traveling  his  post,  had  his  attention  called, 
at  4  o'clock,  a.  m.,  to  five  men  who  were  walking  south  on 
Ashland  avenue  south  of  North  avenue,  by  Thomas  Gill, 
living  on  Wabansia  avenue  near  Robey  street,  whose  house 


THE    FOURTH    rUECIXCT    MEN.  555 

they  bad  just  burglarized.      He  was  following  them  with  a 
shotgun,  and  the    officer  seeing  him,  joined  in  the  chase. 
They  came  up  to  the  thieves,  but  the  officer  had  no  sooner 
stopped  them  when  one  of  them  put  a  pistol  to  his  forehead 
and  shot  him.      The  officer  fell  to  the  ground  senseless,  and 
Gill  ran  away.      Sergeant  Patton  was  walking  along  Noble 
street  at  the  time,  and  on  hearing  the  shot  gave  chase  to  the 
thieves,  runnintj  them  to  North  avenue  bridjje,  throu<jh  the 
lumber  yard  there,  then  through  the  rolling  mills,  and  over 
the  railroad  bridge  on  Bloomingdale  road,  but,  though  he 
exchanged  several  shots  with  them,  he  was  unable  to  catch 
up  to  them.     They  Avere  subsequently  arrested,  but  Koenig 
Avas  unable  to  identify  them  to  the  satisfaction  of  Justice 
Scully,    and    they   were    discharged.     After    the    shooting 
Koenig  was  brought  to  the  station  and  attended    by    Dr. 
Sharpe,   who  inserted  the  probe  some   six   inches    in    the 
wound  but  was  unable  to  locate  the  bullet,  which  went  right 
through  his  head  from  nearly  betAveen  the  eyes  and  lodged 
in  the  back  part  of  the  skull,  where  it  still  remains.      Officer 
Koenig  Avas   taken  home,   and  lay  on  his  bed  for   months, 
hovering  betAveen  life  and  death,  but  he  finally  recovered, 
though  the  state  of  his  head  Avould  not  alloAv  him  to  resume 
police  duty,  and  he  Avas  subsequently  discharged  from  the 
force.      At  present  he  is  in  poor  circumstances,  and  barely 
al)le  to  earn  a  living  for  himself  and  family. 

On  the  12th  of  August,  1879,  about  10  o'clock  in  the 
evening.  Sergeant  Martin  Quinn  Avas  cut  with  a  razor  in  the 
hands  of  an  infuriated  wretch  named  Martin  Blake,  living  at 
No.  34  RaAvson  street.  Blake  had  beaten  his  wife,  and  put 
her  and  her  child  out  of  the  house.  The  woman,  in  her 
flight,  had  left  a  younger  child,  three  months  old,  behind, 
and  the  inhuman  wretch  threw  this  child  on  the  street, 
almost  killing  it.  Sergeant  Quinn,  learning  Iioav  affairs 
stocd,  proceeded  to  Blake's  house  to  investigate  the  cause  of 
the  trouble.  On  arriving,  Blake,  himself,  opened  the  door, 
and.  Avithout  speaking,  dreAv  a  razor,  and  slashed  Quinn  on 


550  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

the  abdomen,  inflicting  a  slight  wound;  he  then  made  another 
lunge  and  cut  the  sergeant  on  the  right  arm,  cutting  the 
cords,  and  rendering  the  member  useless.  Blake  was  ar- 
rested, and  served  one  year  in  the  penitentiary. 

Noiahle  Arrests:  September  8d,  1871,  a  fugitive  from 
justice,  named  Kobert  J.  Brown,  a  murderer,  was  arrested 
by  Officer  Ed.  Miller,  and  turned  over  to  the  authorities  of 
Newcastle,  Penn.  June  10th,  1871,  John  Koch  arrested  by 
Officer  P.  Hussey,  on  the  charges  of  horse  stealing  and  as- 
sault ;  five  years  in  state's  prison.  August  26th,  1875,  Julian 
P.  Kelly  was  arrested  l^y  Officer  Robert  C.  Montgomery,  on 
the  charge  of  cattle  stealing,  and  was  sentenced  to  the  peni- 
tentiary for  two  years.  This  man  dressed  Avell,  represented 
himself  to  be  a  physician,  drove  a  horse  and  buggy,  resided 
in  the  district,  and  was  in  the  habit  of  coming  around  the 
station  and  fraternizing  with  the  officers,  who  never  sus- 
pected him  of  being  a  thief.  On  the  evening  before  he 
made  his  last  haul  of  cattle  from  the  country,  he  drove  to 
the  station  and  borrowed  a  revolver,  saying  he  was  going  to 
the  country  to  see  a  patient,  and  wanted  to  protect  himself. 
Next  morning  he  was  followed  by  farmers  to  where  he  had 
driven  four  cows  toBenzow's  slaughter  house,  and  they  called 
on  the  officer,  who  arrested  him.  He  was  sent  to  state's 
prison,  a  second  time,  for  passing  counterfeit  coin.  February 
26th,  1876,  James  Quirk  and  John  Cotter,  well-known  thieves, 
were  caught  in  the  act  of  burglarizing  a  house  on  Clybourn 
place,  and  were  arrestedby  Sergeant  Patton  and  Officer  Keller. 
They  were  sentenced  to  the  penitentiary  for  two  years. 
July  27th,  1877,  Horace  B.  Sturges,  a  IT.  S.  soldier,  camping 
at  the  corner  of  North  avenue  and  Holt  street,  was  arrested 
for  rape  on  the  person  of  Hilda  Berg,  12  years  old,  by  Ser- 
geant Patton,  and  he  was  sentenced  to  five  years  in  the  peni- 
tentiary. The  soldiers  were  camped  here  during  the  riots 
at  the  lumber  yards,  and  had  just  returned  from  the  plains. 
They  Avere  an  unruly  lot.  October  28d,  1879,  August 
Asciach  was  arrested  by  Officer  August  Keller,  for  assault 


CHAS.    J.    JOHNSON, 
Lieut.   Comdg.   Raivson  St.  District. 


THE    FOURTH    TRECINCT    MEN.  557 

and  robbery ;  five  years  in  the  penitentiary.  February  14th, 
1880,  John  Rumvask  arrested  for  rape  by  Officer  Foley; 
two  years  in  the  penitentiary.  June  19th,  1882,  William 
Thomson  and  John  McCauloy  arrested  for  rape  by  Ofiicer 
Foley ;  held  in  $1,500  to  the  Criminal  Court.  December  5th, 
1883,  Joe  Burke,  alias  Sandy,  was  arrested  for  burglary  by 
Officer  Jolin  Boyd;  three  years  in  the  penitentiary.  Octo- 
ber 21st,  1884,  William  Gilow  was  arrested  for  rape  by  Offi- 
cer William  Coleman ;  one  year  in  the  penitentiary.  April 
12th,  1885,  George  Anderson  was  arrested  for  murder  by 
Officer  Mat.  Foley ;  three  years  in  the  penitentiary.  August 
25th,  1885,  Frank  Mulkowski  Avas  arrested  for  murder  by 
Officers  McNulty  and  Johnson ;  hanged  March  26th,  1886. 
January  8th,  1885,  Robert  Knight  was  arrested  by  Officers 
Johnson  and  McDonald,  on  eight  charges  of  forgery.  He 
was  a  young  man  of  respectable  connections,  and  through 
the  pleading  of  his  mother  he  escaped  with  a  light  sentence 
of  one  year. 

The  district  patrolled  by  the  officers  of  this  station  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Fullerton  avenue,  on  the  south, 
fi'om  Western  avenue  to  North  Ashland  avenue,  by  Armi- 
tage  road,  and  from  North  Ashland  avenue  to  the  Chicago 
River,  thence  southeasterly  along  said  river  to  its  intersec- 
tion with  the  north  branch  canal  to  North  avenue,  and  from 
North  avenue  to  the  city  limits  by  the  north  branch  of  the 
Chicago  River;  on  the  west,  from  Augusta  street  to  Armi- 
tage  road  to  the  north  city  limits,  by  Western  avenue.  This 
district  has  an  area  of  one  and  one-half  square  miles,  and 
contains  a  population  of  about  35,000. 

CHAELES  J.  JOHNSON,  lieutenant  of  police,  commanding  Rawson 
street  district,  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  where  he  was  born  in  1846. 
He  came  to  Chicago  in  1851,  and  entered  the  force  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1872.  He  enlisted  in  Battery  H,  First  Illinois  Artil- 
lery, January  22,  1862,  for  three  years  or  during  the  war.  He 
re-enlisted  as  a  veteran  in  the  same  battery,  February  27, 1864,  and 
was  mustered  out  of  the  service  at  Springfield,  in  this  state,  on 
June  14,  1865.     The  same  month  he  engaged  in  business  at  Miller 

42 


558  THE     CHICAGO    TOLICE. 

Bros.'  ship  yards,  and  remained  in  that  company's  employ  until  he 
entered  the  force.  He  was  appointed  patrol  sergeant  December 
14,  1880;  actinj,'  lieutenant,  November  18,  1882;  and  full  lieuten- 
ant, January  1,  1883.  During  the  war  he  saw  much  hard  service 
in  the  field,  and  ac(iuitted  himself  always  with  the  greatest  credit. 
In  this  history  his  name  appears  prominently  in  connection  with 
several  important  events,  notably  the  riot  of  "11. 

WILLIAM  PATTON,  desk  sergeant,  was  born  in  the  province  of  Ulster, 
Ireland,  1 837 ;  came  to  Chicago  1865,  and  entered  the  force  August, 
1870.  In  July,  1871,  he  was  shot  and  seriously  wounded  by  John 
Lee,  while  placing  him  under  arrest,  with  some  other  tough  char- 
acters, who  had  committed  burglary  in  a  hardware  store  some 
time  before;  served  two  years  at  the  Twelfth  street  station,  two 
years  on  the  day  squad,  at  crossings  and  bridges,  one  year  as 
sergeant,  and  has  been  desk  sergeant  eight  years;  was  on  duty 
mider  Sergeant  (now  captain)  O'Donnell  during  the  great  fire  of 
1871. 

MILO  M.  WHEADON,  desk  sergeant,  was  born  in  Vermont  1850;  came 
to  Chicago  1864;  entered  the  force  June  9,  1877;  was  appointed 
desk  sergeant  July  24,  1883. 

JAMES  T.  JOHNSON,  patrolman,  on  detective  duty;   born  in  Norway 

1850;  came  to  Chicago  1866;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884; 

arrested  Frank  Mulkowski,  August  25, 1885, who  was  hanged  March 
2,1886;  January  8,  1885,  arrested  Robert  Knight  on  seven  charges 
f  forgery;   received  one  year  in  the  penitentiary;   April  16,  1887, 

irrested  Ed.   Patterson,  James  Nolan  and  James  Murphy  for 

burglary;  five  years  each  in  the  penitentiary. 

I-ATRICK  FLANIGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  England  1860;  came  to 
Chicago  1876;   entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

THOMAS  D.  FOX,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1832;  came  to  Chicago 
1854;  entered  the  force  April,  1856;  was  appointed  sergeant  in 
1865;  as  captain  in  1868,  resigned.  In  1872  was  appointed  ser- 
geant; in  1877  was  appointed  lieutenant;  August  1,  1879,  resigned; 
in  1882  joined  the  force  as  patrolman. 

THOMAS  GRIFFIN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1847;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1871 ;  entered  the  force  June  14,  1883. 

WILLIAM  HAERLE,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1846-  cams  to  Chi- 
cago 1855;  entered  the  force  July  19,  1873. 

JOHN  G.  HENNING,  patrolman;  born  in  Prussia  1853;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1862;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

JOHN  KOCH,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1837;  came  to  Chicago 
1856;  entered  the  force  June  20,  1875. 


THE    FOUllTH    I'ltKCINCT    MEN.  559 

LOUIS  KROLL,  patrolman ;  boru  in  Germany  1859;  came  to  Chicago 
1872;  enteretl  the  force  June  4,  1887. 

MIKE  KORZIEWSKI,  patrohnan;  born  in  German  Poland  1856; 
came  to  Chicago  1872 ;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884; 
November  25,  1885,  arrested  John  Publeski  on  the  charge  of  lar- 
ceny; sentenced  one  year  in  the  penitentiary. 

JOHN  LEMLKE,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1857;  came  to  Chicago 
1864;  entered  the  force  June  4,  1887. 

PATRICK  J.  MURPHY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1852;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1877;  entered  the  force  August  1,  1882. 

ALEXANDER  MoDONALD,  patrolman;  boru  in  Little  Washington, 
Penn.,  1850;  came  to  Chicago  1883;  entered  the  force  December  14, 
1884;  detailed  at  Central  station  in  citizen's  clothes  under  In- 
spector Bonfield;  before  entering  the  force,  was  employed  by 
Springfield  and  North  Chicago  Rolling  Mill  companies;  also  by 
Pinkerton's  National  Detective  Agency;  has  had  many  important 
cases. 

PATRICK  E.  McNULTY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to 
Chicago  1876;  entered  the  force  May,  1880;  was  injured  and 
crippled  permanently  while  on  duty  at  the  Haymarket  riot  of  1886; 
was  with  Officer  Johnson  when  Mulkowski  was  arrested. 

WILLIAM  MARSH,  patrolman  ;  born  in  Germany  1853 ;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1856;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

WILLIAM  H.  OUTHAUK,  patrolman;  born  in  Waukegan,  111.,  1857 ; 
came  to  Chicago  September  12, 1876;  entered  the  force  August  10, 
1885. 

CHARLES  F.  OUTHAUK,  patrolman;  born  in  Will  county.  111.,  1860; 
came  to  Chicago  1881;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

JOSEPH  PALCZYNSKI,  patrolman;  born  in  German  Poland  1863; 
came  to  Chicago  1874;  entered  the  force  July  18,  1885;  August  27, 
1885,  arrested  William  Smith  for  burglary  ;  sentenced  one  year  in 
tlie  penitentiary. 

GEORGE  H.  RUGER,  patrolman ;  American  born ;  came  to  Chicago 
1880;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

MATHEW  REGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1851;  came  to  Chicago 
1871 ;  entered  the  force  December,  1884. 

CHARLES  F.  WENDT,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1856;  came  to 
Chicago  1867;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1886. 


)60  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 


CHAPTER   XXVIIL 

THE  FIFTH  PRECINCT— CAPTAIN  MICHAEL  JOHN  SCHAACK  COMMANDING- 
EARLY  DAYS  OF  POLICE  LIFE  IN  THE  "NORD  SEITE"— THE  OLD  NORTH 
MARKET  HALL  AND  HURON  STREET  STATIONS— MAX  KIPLEY  AND 
MARTIN  QUINN— LIEUTENANT  BAUS  AND  THE  BAVARIAN  HEAVEN- 
LIEUTENANT  LLOYD  AT  WEBSTER  AVENUE  — THE  CAREERS  OF  A 
BATALLION  OF  GOOD   MEN— SPLENDID  RECORDS. 

This  precinct  includes  the  Chicago  avenue,  Larrabee 
street  and  Webster  avenue  stations,  Avith  headquarters  at 
Chicago  avenue. 

Chicago  Avenue  Station  was  built  in  1873,  Before 
the  great  fire  of  1871,  the  station  was  located  on  Huron 
street,  between  Dearborn  avenue  and  Clark  street,  and  was 
known  as  the  Huron  street  station.  Here  many  of  the  ablest 
officers  of  the  force  at  the  present  time  received  their  police 
education,  and  here  Wells  Sherman  was  sergeant  and  after- 
ward captain,  followed  by  Gund  and  others  whose  names  are 
indelibly  connected  with  the  early  history  of  the  Chicago 
police  department.  The  force  on  duty  at  this  station  now 
patrols  the  district  bounded,  north  by  Division  street,  south 
by  the  Chicago  River,  east  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  west  by 
the  north  branch  of  the  Chicago  River  to  its  intersection 
with  the  north  branch  canal,  thence  along  said  north  branch 
canal  to  Division  street.  The  district  contains  an  area  of 
one  and  one-fourth  square  miles,  with  a  population  esti- 
mated, in  1887,  at  50,000.  The  force  at  this  station,  all 
told,  numbers  75  men. 

MICHAEL  JOHN  SCHAACK,  captain  commanding  the  fifth  precinct, 
was  born  at  Saptfountaines,  Luxemburg,  Germany,  April  23,  1813; 
in  1853  came  with  his  family  to  America;  came  to  Chicago  and 
remained  a  short  time,  locating  lat?r  on  a  farm  near  Port  Wash- 
ington, Wisconsin;  at  the  age  of  fifteen  went  to  Cairo,  111.,  and 
found  employment  in  a  brewery,  where  he  remained  three  years; 


MICHAEL  J.  SCHAACK, 
Capt.    Comdi>.   Fifth  Precinct. 


THE    FIFTH    PRECINCT.  501 

Teturned  to  Chicasjo,  ami  tMii^a^eil  upou  lake  vessels;  became  con- 
neeteil  with  Ladwig's  iii^'ht  and  detective  force  and  entered  the 
reijular  police  force  Juno  15,  180!),  being  assigned  to  duty  at  the  old 
Armory  as  a  ijatrolman;  was  transferred  after  six  mouths  to  the 
North  Di\'isi  )u,  where  most  of  his  police  service  has  been  centered; 
after  serving  as  roundsman,  sergeant  and  detective,  in  1879  was 
promoted  to  a  lieutenancy,  and  on  Nov.  1  assigned  to  duty  at 
the  Armory,  where  he  remained  for  a  year;  August  17,  1885,  was 
promoted  to  a  captaincy  and  placed  in  cliarge  of  the  fifth  precinct, 
where  he  remained  until  a  short  time  after  the  Hay  market  riot 
when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Desplaines  street  station  and  re- 
mained there  until  the  changes  of  September  last,  when  he  was 
transferred  to  his  old  precinct,  greatly  to  the  satisfaction  of  North 
Siders.  His  career  as  a  police  officer  has  been  a  brilliant  one.  (See 
Chapter  XVIII). 

MAXIMILLIAN  KIPLEY,  lieutenant  of  police,  was  born  at  Patterson, 
N.  J.,  in  1813,  where  he  was  reared,  and  attended  school.  In  his 
boyhood  days  he  worked  in  cotton  factories  and  machine  shops, 
and  in  1866  came  West,  engaging  in  the  railroad  business;  entered 
the  Chicago  police  force  on  June  8,  1870,  under  Superintendent 
Kennedy;  was  about  one  and  a  half  blocks  away  from  the  historical 
O'Leary  barn,  when  the  fire  broke  out  in  1871;  was  the  first  police- 
man present  and  stayed  with  the  fire  until  it  had  done  its  dread- 
ful work;  was  at  the  Twelfth  street  station  with  Simon  O'Donnell, 
and  remembers,  with  peculiar  pride,  that  it  was  Mark  Sheridan, 
then  a  member  of  the  police  board,  who  put  him  on  the 
force;  remained  at  the  Twelfth  street  station  for  a  few  months 
after  the  great  fire,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Armory, 
under  Capt.  Hickey  and  Lieutenant  Buckley;  at  that  time  there 
was  nothing  north  of  Harrison  street  but  the  ruins,  and  the  district 
surrounding  the  Harrison  street  station  was  the  roughest  in 
the  city;  traveled  beat  in  tliis  district,  between  Taylor  and 
Twelfth  streets,  Third  avenue  and  the  river,  for  a  year  and  a  half, 
and  had  some  of  the  roughest  experiences  of  any  man  on  the  force; 
the  rabble,  the  thugs,  and  the  bad  element  of  the  city  generally,  were 
gathered  here,  and  here  remained  until  the  city  was  rebuilt  and 
they  became  scattered;  was  given  nearly  every  new  man  that  was 
assigned  to  the  station  in  order  to  "  break  "  him  in,  and  he  "  broke 
in  "  many  of  the  men  who  afterward  became  able  and  efficient  offi- 
cers, among  them  John  Gallagher,  now  at  the  Wabash  depot,  Tim 
Madigan,  now  dead,  Dennis  Mahoney,  dead,  Andrew  Carey,  still 
alive  and  on  the  force,  Martin  Hayes,  who  became  a  lieutenant,  and 
many  others;  was  transferred  to  the  Twenty-second  street  station 
when  Washburn  became  superintendent  and  many  changes  oc- 
curred in  the  force;  was  again  transferred  to  Harrison  street  and  pro- 
moted to  a  desk  sergeantcy,  remaining  in  that  capacity  nine  years; 

*36 


502  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE, 

again  transferred  to  Twenty-second  street  as  desk  sergeant,  but 
was  jjerrnitted  to  do  xjatrol  duty  on  account  of  delicate  healtli 
caused  by  long  confinement  in  the  station,  and  was  detailed  with 
Officer  Jones,  still  holding  the  rank  of  desk  sergeant;  while  travel- 
ing boat  sent  twenty-one  persons  to  the  X'enitentiary,  and  the  first 
one  ever  sent  for  twenty  years  from  that  station;  the  records  of  the 
department  show  that  he  did  splendid  work  in  breaking  up  the 
gang  of  thieves  which  infested  the  Twenty-second  street  district,  and 
for  a  time  terrorized  it;  was  in  the  troubles  at  the  lumber  district 
in  1876,  under  Sergeant  Dennis  Fitzpatrick,  who  won  promotion; 
was  with  Lieut.  Ebersold  in  the  riot  of  1877,  taking  a  company 
over  to  the  Halsted  street  viaduct  and  acting  under  Deputy 
Superintendent  Joseph  Dixon;  was  transferred  to  Central  station 
and  was  appointed  detective,  working  with  Detective  Shea, 
and  Josepli  Kipley;  was  transferred  to  Cottage  Grove  avenue 
and  appointed  sergeant.  At  8:30  o'clock  on  the  morning  of 
March  13,  1881,  William  B.  Simpson,  of  No.  1209  Michigan  ave- 
nue, and  George  McBride,  his  hired  man,  were  in  Addison  Sneel's 
saloon  at  No.  542  Wabash  avenue.  Simpson,  McBride  and  a  man 
named  Harry  Gilmore  were  all  drinking  at  the  bar  when  a  quarrel 
arose  between  the  latter  two,  and  McBride  challenged  Gilmore  to 
the  street  to  settle  their  difficulty,  and  started  for  the  door;  at  the 
same  time  Gilmore  was  handed  a  revolver  by  the  bartender  a  man 
named  Cook,  and  with  this  in  hand  Gilmore  jumped  at  and  grabbed 
McBride  by  the  back  of  the  net?k  and  fired  one  shot  which  took 
effect  in  the  head,  killmg  McBride  instantly;  he  fell  to  the  sidewalk, 
where  the  body  was  found  and  removed  to  the  morgue.  Gilmore 
made  his  escape  and  was  never  seen  in  Chicago  by  any  of  the  officers 
tvho  knew  him,  until  the  night  of  Nov,  6,  1886,  when  he  was  recog- 
nized in  a  saloon  by  Max  Kipley,  wiio  arrested  him.  He  denied 
his  identity,  but  it  was  fully  proved,  and  he  was  sentenced  to  30 
years  in  the  penitentiary  at  the  January  term  of  coart,  1887.  Ser- 
geant Kipley  was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  May  9,  1887,  and 
transferred  with  Capt.  Schaack  to  Desplaines  street,  going  with  him 
to  Chicago  avenue  last  September.  Lieutenant  Kipley  married 
Miss  Anna  Kolman  in  1866  and  is  the  father  of  nine  children,  one 
of  his  daughters  being  the  wife  of  a  resident  of  St.  Paul.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  old  fashione  1,  robust  school  of  police  officers,  and 
one  of  the  most  competent  men  in  any  capacity  on  the  force. 

MARTIN  QUINN,  lieutenant  of  police,  was  bom  in  the  County  Clare, 
Ireland,  1847;  came  to  Chicago  1851,  and  entered  the  force  in  1870; 
commanded  a  company  of  twenty-five  men  from  the  commence- 
ment of  the  McCormick  strike  until  the  bloody  ending  at 
the  Haymarket,  May  4,  1886.  His  company  lost  two  men  in 
killed  and  thirteen  wounded  in  the  massacre.  He  proved  thrDUgh- 
out  that  most  exciting  and  exacting  period  in   the  history  of  the 


THE    FIFTH    PKECINCT.  503 

Cliicago  police  force,  to  be  a  bravo,  skillful  and  faithful  command- 
ing officer,  and  won  well-merited  praise  on  all  sides.  Lieut.  Qninn 
had  served  iu  the  United  Hlales  army  during  the  war,  and  his  mili- 
tary education  has  always  served  him  well  as  an  officer  of  police. 
He  was  honorably  disohargeil  from  the  army  after  serving  at  Nash- 
ville and  other  points,  in  1864;  received  employment  with  the 
United  States  Express  Company  in  1865,  and  remained  until  1868 
as  collector  and  delivery  man;  went  into  the  teaming  business  and 
contracting.  After  entering  the  force  was  for  seven  years  a 
patrolman,  and  for  eight  years  a  patrol  sergeant.  In  this  time  he 
distinguished  himself  by  making  many  important  arrests,  and  no 
man  on  the  force  has  the  confidence  of  the  department  and  the 
public  to  a  greater  extent  than  he. 

WHEELER  BARTRAM,  patrol  sergeant;  born  at  Madison,  Lake  county, 
Ohio,  April  14,  1843;  came  to  Chicago  March,  1858;  entered  the 
force  February  13,  1868;  served  as  patrolman  at  Huron  street  and 
Larrabee  street  stations;  appointed  roundsman  at  Webster  avenue 
February  10,  1871,  and  desk  sergeant  March  1,  1871;  served  as 
such  at  Webster  avenue  and  Larrabee  street,  and  appointed  patrol 
sergeant  Nov.  1,  1878;  transferred  to  Webster  avenue  Oct.  1,  1882, 
to  Central  detail  June  20,  1882,  and  to  Chicago  avenue  May  10, 
1887;  in  January,  1869,  saved  two  men  from  drowning  at  Chicago 
avenue  bridge;  was  instrumental  in  reorganizing  the  Policemen's 
Benevolent  Association  in  '76  and  '77;  was  elected  president  and 
re-elected  until  January,  1887;  had  charge  of  the  special  relief  for 
the  officers  injured  at  Haymarket  riot  May  4,  1886;  was  in  the  riots 
of  1877;  suppressed  the  Pall-Mall  Gazette  and  other  obscene  litera- 
ture during  1885;  enlisted  in  Co.  G,  29th  Indiana  Volunteers,  at 
Laporte,  Ind.,  Aug.  5,  1861;  re-enlisted  in  same  regiment  January 
1,  1864,  and  served  to  the  end  of  the  war;  mustered  out  at  Marietta, 
Ga.,  as  1st  sergeant,  Dec.  2,  1865;  was  in  the  battle  of  Liberty 
Gap,  Tenn.,  and.  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  the  Siege  of  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.,  and  several  skirmishes;  was  captured  and  paroled  by  Gen. 
Morgan  at  Pulaski,  Tenn.,  May  1, 1862;  exchanged  January  9,  1863, 
and  returned  to  duty. 

ROBERT  C.  MONTGOMERY,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Ireland  1840; 
came  to  Chicago  1865;   entered  the  force  July,  1872. 

CHARLES  J.  KOCH,  desk  sergeant;  born  at  Hessen,  Germany,  1847; 
came  to  Chicago  August  15,  1865;  entered  the  force  October  9, 
1872;  was  detailed  at  Peering  street  as  patrolman;  seriously 
■wounded  in  a  fight  with  six  roughs  at  Halsted  and  37th  streets 
March  7,  1873,  and  shot  three  of  them,  the  McVeigh  Brothers,  two 
of  them  dying  next  day;  same  year  arrested  the  two  notorious 
burglars,  Edward  Bush  and  Pat  Hannahan,  on  six  thfferent  charges, 
both  being  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  long  terms;  was  transferred 


564  THE     CHICAGO     POLICE. 

at  his  own  request  to  Chicago  avenue  station;  has  arrested  a 
nuinlier  of  burglars  and  thieves  in  this  district,  shooting  one  while 
chasing  him;  while  arresting  a  rough  named  Burke,  corner  of 
Wells  and  Indiana  streets,  had  a  hard  struggle  with  a  crowd  of 
thieves  and  was  stabbed  in  the  hand;  did  service  during  the  fire  in 
1874;  was  injured  internally  comer  of  Pine  street  and  Delaware 
place  in  1876;  was  in  active  service  during  the  riots  and  at  the  Hal- 
sted  street  viaduct  fight  in  1877;  was  appointed  signal  sergeant 
March  15,  1883,  and  was  appointed  desk  sergeant  February  13, 
1885;  rescued  a  boy  and  a  man  from  drowning  at  Wells  street 
bridge,  summer  of  1880. 

PATRICK  J.  ARCHIBOLD,  patrolman;    bom  in  Ireland  1853;    came 

to  Chi(;ago  1866;  entered  the  force  April  18,  1886. 

JOHN  P.  BERWICK,  patrolman;  born  in  Luxemburg,  Germany,  1844; 
came  to  Chicago  March  23,  1868;  entered  the  force  October  1, 
1881;  was  detailed  for  duty  at  the  old  Union  street  station;  has 
made  several  important  arrests;  was  shot  at  by  a  burglar,  narrowly 
escaping  with  his  life,  at  the  corner  of  Carpenter  and  Lake  streets, 
March,  1882;  May  1,  1882,  was  transferred  to  the  East  Chicago 
avenue  station. 

RICHARD  BARTLETT,  patrolman;  born  in  Ohio  1842;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1867;  entered  the  force  July,  1873. 

THOMAS  B.  BAYNES,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1844;  came  to  Chi- 
cago March,  1867;  entered  the  force  March,  1872. 

ALFRED  M.  CLARK,  patrolman;  born  in  Lorrain,  Jefferson  county, 
N.  Y.,  1855;  came  to  Chicago  March  2,  1885;  entered  the  force 
April  3,  1887. 

DANIEL  CAUGHLIN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Hancock,  Mich.,  1859;  came 
to  Chicago  April,  1879;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

WILLIAM  EVERS,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1858;  entered  the 
force  June  14,  1887. 

JOHN  T,  FINN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1859;  entered  the  force 
December,  1884. 

JOHN  FLEMING,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1855;  came  to  Chicago 
1878;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

JOHN  J.  GARRIGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1860;  entered  the 
force  April  1,  1887. 

PAUL  HOEFIG,  patrolman;  ]:)orn  in  Germany  1852;  came  to  Chicago 
1879;  entered  the  force  June  14,  1883;  served  one  enlistment  in 
Troop  "I,"  7th  U.  S.  Cavalry  (Gen.  Geo.  A.  Custer),  as  a  sergeant; 
participated  in  the  fights  against  hostile  Sioux,  Nez-Perces  and 
Cheyenne  Indians,  in  Montana  and  Nebraska,  1876  and  1878. 


THE    FIFTH    PRECINCT.  5()5 

HARVEY  HUGHES,  patrolmau;  bom  in  Louisville,  Ky..  IHtO;  came 
to  Chicngo  Juuo.  1S72;  entered  the  force  December  15,  18S4. 

JOHN  HARTMAN,  patrolman:  born  in  Germany  1827:  came  to  Chi- 
cat,'o  July  4, 1855;  entered  the  force  April  19, 1868;  served  eighteen 
years  as  patrolman;  is  at  present  lock-up  keeper. 

GEORGE  W.  HESS,  patrohuan;  born  in  Washington,  U.  C,  18G2;  came 
to  Chicago  1881;  entered  the  force  June  4,  1887. 

GEORGE  HIATT,  patrolman;  born  in  Pand  Vermont,  Ireland,  1859; 
came  to  Chicago  July  16,  18S0;  entered  the  force  June  4,  1887. 

MICHAEL  KELLY,  patrolman;  born  in  Canada  1854;  came  to  Chicago 

1872;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

ANDREW  KALVELAGE,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1854;  entered 
the  force  December  1,  1886. 

WILLIAM  KAECKE.  patrolmau;  born  in  Sommerfeld,  Germany,  1830; 
came  to  Chicago  1857;  entered  the  force  April  30,  1867;  served  as 
private  in  Co.  "C,"  5th  Wisconsin  Infantry;  appointed  station 
keeper  at  Rawson  street  station;  April,  1874,  was  pound  keeper  for 
the  North  Division ;  is  lock-up  keeper  at  this  station. 

ANTON  KLINGER,  patrolmau;  born  in  Prussia,  Germany,  1852;  came 
to  Chicago  1864;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1880. 

PETER  M.  KELLY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1858;  came  to  Chicago 

1880;  entered  the  force  1885. 

JACOB  KLETT,  patrolman;  bom  in  1860;   entered  the  force  July  12, 

1887. 

J.  LOCHENSTEIN,  patrolman;  born  in  Rome,  N.  Y.,  April  24,  1855; 
came  to  Chicago  1871;  entered  the  force  June  14, 1883;  detailed  for 
detective  duty. 

RICHARD  McCORMICK,   patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  ^60;    entered 

the  force  April  18,  1886. 

NICHOLAS  MICHELS,  patrolman;  born  in  New  Strasburg,  111.,  1857; 
came  to  Chicago  October  10,  1880;  entered  the  force  June  3,  1887. 

THOMAS  J.  MORAN,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Mayo,  Ireland,  1849; 
came  to  Chicago  December  27, 1877;  entered  the  force  April  9, 1885, 

W^ILLIAM  M.  MURPHY,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1863;  entered 
the  force  December  15,  1884. 

THOMAS  McMAHON,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1855;  entered  the 
force  1883. 

HUGO  R.  A.  MALINOWSKY,  patrolman;  born  in  Pomerauia,  Ger- 
many, 1859;  came  to  Chicago  September,  1872;  entered  the  force 
March  25,  1885. 


5()G  THE    CHICAGO     POLICE. 

JAMES  MOORE,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Mayo,  Ireland,  1854; 
came  to  Cliica:;fo  1873;  entered  the  force  1883. 

BERUT  MEYER,  patrolman;  born  in  Bergan,  Norway,  1828;  came  to 
Chicago  1861;  entered  the  force  August  15,  1867. 

JOHN  D.  McCarthy,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  18.57;  came  to  Chi- 
cago February  27,  1880;  entered  the  force  July  2,  1886. 

JOHN  O.  NORDSTROM,  patrolman;  bom  in  Sweden  1847;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1867 ;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

LOUIS  C.  PETERS,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1858;  entered  the  force 
June  4, 1887. 

E.  W.  RUEL,  patrolman;  born  in  Green  Bay,  Wis.,  1859;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1880;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  attended  the  Mc- 
Cormick  riot,  also  the  Haymarket  riot  under  Lieutenant  Quinn; 
received  two  fragments  of  the  shell  in  the  back  and  three  bullets 
in  the  lower  limbs,  two  of  which  have  been  extracted. 

CHARLES  REHM,  patrolman;  born  in  DuPage  county,  111,,  1842;  came 
to  Chicago  1843;  entered  the  force  1868;  detailed  for  detective 
duty. 

BERNARD  ROACH,  patrolman;  boirf  in  Oswego,  N,  Y.,  1862;  came  to 
Chicago  1867;  entered  the  force  June,  1886. 

PATRICK  RILEY,  patrolman ;  born  in  Ireland  1854 ;    eame  to  Chicago 

1872;  entered  the  force  May  7,  1882. 

PATRICK  SHEARIN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chicago 
June  4,  1867;  entered  the  force  July  7,  1883. 

WILLIAM  SPAIN,  patrolman;  born  in  County  Tipperary,  Ireland,  1857; 
came  to  Chicago  1870;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

JOHN  STEFFES,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1852;  entered  the  force 
June  1, 1882. 

JOHN  STIFT,  patrolman;  born  iu  City  of  Havre,  France,  1847;  came 
to  Chicago  June,  1850;  entered  the  force  April  4,  1872;  during  the 
sixteen  years  of  service  has  made  five  hundred  and  twenty  arrests, 
the  most  important  being  James  Tracy,  for  the  murder  of  Officer 
John  Huebner,  of  the  Rawson  street  station,  executed  September 
15,  1882;  May  18,  1886,  arrested  George  Eugel,  one  of  the  anarch- 
ists, also  August  Breitenfeld,  Victor  Clairniont,  Bernard  Schrider, 
John  Kraemer,  and  others,  who  were  in  the  conspiracy;  Janiiary 
14,  1887,  Lorenz  Krug,  the  poisoner  of  Lucy  Heidelmeier,  his  step- 
daughter, sentenced  eighteen  years  in  the  penitentiary;  Eddie 
Harper  for  robbery,  six  years  in  the  penitentiary;  assisted  in  the 
arrest  of  Frank  Mulkowski  for  murder;  also  the  poisoner,  Meyer. 


THE    FIFTH    PRECINCT.  567 

MICHAEL  \VHA.LEN,  patrohuiiu;   born  in  Spencer,  Mass.,  1847;   came 
to  Chicajfo  18G6;  entered  the  force  1878. 

PETER  WELTER,  patrolman;  born  in  Tiffin,  Ohio,  1860;  came  to  Chi- 
cago April  2,  1879;  entered  the  force  June  22,  1885. 

GUSTAV  WILLIAMS,  patrolman;  bom  in  Sweden  1853;  came  to  Chi- 
cago October,  1869;   entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

Larrabee  Street  Station. — Tliis  station  was  orsran- 
ized  August  1,  1865,  Sergeant  William  Maoauley,  with  six. 
men,  being  in  charge.  Sergeant  John  A.  Gund  succeeded 
Macauley  May  1,  1866,  and  Sergeant  F.  E.  Gerbiug  followed, 
January  31,  1868.  Tlien  came  Sargamt  Jolm  Bans,  who 
succeeded  Gerbing,  Dec.  1,  1868,  and  has  retained  the  com- 
mand of  the  district  to  the  present  day.  The  station  was 
destroyed  by  the  fire  of  '71,  and  was  rebuilt  in  1872.  The 
district  patrolled  by  the  force  of  this  station  is  bounded  by 
Willow  and  Menomonee  streets  on  the  north.  Division  street 
on  the  south,  Lake  Michigan  on  the  east,  and  the  north 
branch  canal  on  the  west,  embracing  an  area  one  and  three- 
twentieths  square  miles,  containing  a  population  of  about 
65,000.  The  total  force  at  this  station,  including  officers, 
numbers  forty-four  men. 

JOHN  BAUS,  lieutenant  of  police,  commanding  the  Larrabee  street  dis- 
trict, has  been  connected  with  the  police  force  iu  this  part  of  the  city 
for  a  long  time,  that  to  tell  the  story  of  his  police  career  would  be 
to  write  the  history  of  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  district,  while  he 
is  so  well  known,  and  so  universally  popular,  that  nothing  short  of 
a  volume  would  satisfy  his  thousands  of  friends  and  admirers.  His 
name  recalls  the  by-gone  days  of  the  Chicago  police  force,  the  days 
when  the  beats  were  longer,  wider  and  more  lonesome,  in  the  pres- 
ent crowded  sections  of  the  city,  than  they  are  now  on  the  out- 
skirts. When  some  of  the  men  now  on  the  force  were  infants, 
John  Bans  was  chasing  grave  robbers  out  of  the  cemeteries  of  the 
North  Division,  and  catching  them,  too,  and  he  was  recognized  as 
a  pretty  good  officer  before  some  of  the  stalwart  young  men  now 
swinging  batons  on  the  streets,  were  born.  It  is  a  question  in  the 
minds  of  some,  whether  or  not  John  Bans  or  Marquette  first  dis- 
covered Chicago,  or  whether  John  Baus  was  not  in  command  of 
the  Larrabee  street  district  before  Fort  Dearborn  was  built.  To 
put  all  these  questions  at  rest,  let  us  take  a  glance  at  the  facts. 
He  was  born  at  Geraldhausen,  in  beautiful  Bavaria,  February  24, 


568  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

1828.  His  father  was  a  cabinet  maker,  and  the  son  became  the 
father's  apprentice,  and  an  apt  scholar.  Attending  the  Lutheran 
school,  he  acquired  a  good,  solid  education,  and  imbibed  many  of 
the  liberal  opinions  from  close  study,  which  made  him  a  revolu- 
tionist, like  his  father,  in  1848.  That  was  the  year  that  tried  men's 
souls  in  Germany,  as  in  other  parts  of  the  world,  and  like  Carl 
Shurz  and  scores  of  compatriots,  young  Baus  found  it  i)leasanter, 
and  perhaps  safer,  to  seek  his  future  in  America.  He  arrived  in 
New  York  April  23,  1831,  and  for  two  years  he  was  located  a  part 
of  the  time  at  TJtica,  and  a  part  at  Kome,  in  the  Empire  state.  In 
1854  he  came  West,  and  settled  at  Belvidere,  111.,  but  in  185G  he 
took  a  trip  East,  after  an  old  sweetheart,  and  married  Miss  Sabine 
L.  Dapper  at  Utica.  Then  he  came  to  Chicago  and  went  into 
business  here.  He  first  became  connected  with  the  force  in  1857, 
when  John  Wentworth  was  mayor,  and  like  all  his  brethren  in 
those  days  he  wore  a  leather  badge,  carried  a  heavy  hickory  stick, 
and  sounded  alarms  on  a  "  creaker."  But  he  retired  after  two 
years,  and  abandoning  his  trade  (that  of  a  painter),  he  became  a 
•carrier  for  the  Illinois  Stduts-Zeitung.  August  6,  1862,  he  en- 
listed in  Company  C,  82nd  Illinois  Volunteers,  infantry,  and  joiued 
the  11th  army  corps,  engaging  in  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville, 
while  he  was  still  a  new  man.  He  followed  the  career  of  his  regi- 
ment at  Chattanooga,  through  the  Cumberland  campaign,  in  the 
Battle  of  Mission  Ridge,  and  in  many  bloody  engagements,  always 
behaving  himself  like  a  man  of  iron  nerve.  He  was  with  Sherman 
on  the  march  to  the  sea,  and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the 
service  June  9,  1865.  After  returning  to  Chicago,  he  resumed  his 
trade,  but  on  Sept.  20,  1865,  he  again  entered  the  police  force, 
being  recommended  by  Capt.  Frederick  Gund,  and  he  has  been 
connected  with  the  department  from  that  day  to  this;  was  made 
station  keeper  shortly  afterward,  at  the  North  Market  police 
station,  on  Michigan  street,  and  was  transferred  the  following 
spring  to  the  North  avenue  sub-station,  in  the  same  capacity; 
again  was  placed  in  the  North  Market  station  as  night  station 
keeper,  August,  1866,  and  on  Jime  1,  1867,  was  transferred  to  the 
North  avenue  (now  Larrabee  street)  station,  as  day  station  keeper; 
June  13,  1868,  was  made  sergeant;  was  transferred  to  the  Huron 
street  station  later  on,  but  only  for  a  brief  period,  and  transferred 
back  to  Larrabee  street,  from  which  he  has  not  been  changed  since, 
holding  the  rank  of  lieutenant  during  nearly  all  these  years;  was 
in  command  at  this  station  on  the  night  of  the  great  fire,  when  he 
had  S75,000  worth  of  plate  and  other  valuables  belonging  to  W.  B. 
Ogdeu,  and  saved  them  by  burying  them  near  his  own  home,  which 
was  destroyed;  his  wife  and  son  having  died  before  this  time,  he 
married  again,  his  second  wife  being  Miss  Margaret  Dapper  of 
Chicago.  There  are  thousands  of  Bavarians,  and  people  of  Bava- 
rian extraction,  in  the  Larrabee  district,  and  among  them  Lieut. 


THE    FIFTH    ntECINCT.  569 

Bans  is  esteemed  heyoml  measure.  They  have  shown  their  appre- 
ciatiou  of  his  manly  eharaoter  in  many  ways.  "  In  June,  1871," 
says  one  of  his  biojjrraphers,  "at  the  head  of  a  mounted  detail,  on 
his  historical  while  horse,  he  led  the  escort  of  the  German  jjeace 
festival  procession,  said  to  be  the  largest  and  longest  oolumn  ever 
in  the  streets  of  this  city.  In  1877,  Lieut.  Baiis  took  the  flag  in 
the  competition  y)olice  drill.  During  the  riot  of  '77,  he  drove  2,500 
rioters  across  Madison  street  bridge  with  twenty-five  policemen, 
and  for  this,  first  received  the  sobriquet  of  the  "  flanker"  from  the 
city  press.  In  the  Knights  Templars  and  Garfield  funeral  parades 
he,  mounted,  led  the  procession,  as  he  did  the  procession  on  Mayor 
Harrison's  return."  He  has  a  family  of  five  children,  is  a  good 
father,  a  valuable  citizen  and  an  excellent  police  officer. 

JOHN  P.  NELSON,  patrol  sergeant;  bom  at  Varberg,  Sweden,  1843; 
came  to  Chicago  18.57;  entered  the  force  February  22,  1876; 
assigned  to  duty  at  Webster  avenue  for  three  months;  transferred 
to  Harrison  street;  there  two  years;  served  imder  Lieut.  Ebersold 
during  riot  of  1877;  transferred  to  Chicago  avenue,  where  he 
remained  two  years;  transferred  to  Central  detail  and  assigned  to 
crossing  duty  at  Washington  and  State  streets,  continuing  there 
for  seven  years  and  five  months;  was  in  Lieut.  Hubbard's  com- 
pany in  the  Hay  market  riot;  has  proved  to  be  an  able,  efficient  and 
faithful  officer  in  every  capacity. 

FEANCIS  SMITH,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Germany  1835;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1867;  entered  the  force  1869;  was  first  assigned  to  this  station; 
appointed  desk  sergeant  1875. 

EDWARD  F.  HEDRICK,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Germany  1841;  came 
to  Chicago  1869;  entered  the  force  1873. 

PETER  ADAMS,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1860;  entered  the  force 
December  15,  1884;  arrested  Owen  Dolan  for  burglary;  did  good 
service  during  the  street-car  strike  of  1885  and  the  riots  of  1886. 

RICHARD  BOLD,  patrolman;  born  in  Bavaria  1857;  came  to  Chicago 
1876;  entered  the  force  June  1,  1882;  took  active  part  in  the  riots 
of  1886  as  acting  sergeant. 

FRANK  BYRNE,  patrolman;  born  in  Cavin,  Ireland,  1852;  came  to 
Chicago  1875;  entered  the  force  April  19,  1886. 

PATRICK  CASEY,  patrolman ;  born  in  Ireland  1846;  came  to  Chicago 
May  20,  1864;  entered  the  force  February  7,  1881;  December  28, 
1883,  arrested  Bernhard  Kleen  for  burglary;  sentenced  two  years 
in  the  penitentiary;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

PATRICK  CLIFFORD,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1862;  entered  the 
force  July  1, 1886, 

WILLIAM  DUNAR.  patrolman:  born  in  Germany  1845;  came  to  Chi- 


570  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

ca^'O  October,  1869:  entered  the  force  June,  1882;  took  part  in  the 
Haymarket  riot. 

HENRY  DeGAU,  patrolman;  born  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  1859;  came  to 
Chicago  18G2;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  took  part  in 
the  Haymarket  riot,  1886. 

JOHN  DELANEY,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1847;  came  to  Chicago 
1878;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  did  active  service  at  the 
Haymarket  riot  of  1886. 

JOHN  EIZINGER,  patrolman;  born  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  1838;  came 
to  Chicago  1854;  entered  the  force  March  19,  1868;  did  active  serv- 
ice during  the  fire  of  1871;  the  strikes  of  1877;  also  the  West  Side 
car  strike  of  1885. 

FRANK  FRIEDEL,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1857;  entered  the 
force  April  19, 1886. 

JONH  J.  GALLAGHER,  patrolman;  born  in  Philadelphia, Penn.,  1860; 
came  to  Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  served 
during  the  street-car  strike  of  1885;  also  the  riots  of  1886. 

WM.  T.  HIFLICHER,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1854;  entered  the 
force  April  19,  1886;  served  during  the  riots  of  1886; 

DENNIS  HAYES,  patrolman;  born  in  Canada  1854;  came  to  Chicago 
1874;  entered  the  force  June,  1888;  arrested  Kelley,  who  was  sen- 
tenced to  one  year  in  the  penitentiary,  and  was  killed  by  an  officer 
three  weeks  after  his  release  while  committing  a  burglary. 

OTTO  HAERLE,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1859;  entered  the  force 
December  15,  1884;  served  during  the  Haymarket  riot. 

HUGH  HERRATY.  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to  Chicago 
1865;  entered  the  force  1878;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot  of  1886. 

MARTIN  HUGHS,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1862;  entered  the  force 
December  15, 1884;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

JOHN  F.  JORUDT,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1859;  entered  the 
force  April,  1886;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

MATHIAS  JOHANNES,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1848;  came  to 
Chicago  1864;  entered  the  force  1876;  served  during  the  riot  of 
1877;  arrested  two  notorious  horse  thieves,  Reinhold  Rudolph  and 
Fritz  Laumfeld,  who  are  now  serving  a  three-year  term  in  the  pen- 
itentiary. 

JOHN  KEEGAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1855;  came  to  Chicago 
1872;  entered  the  force  June,  1882;  did  active  di;ty  during  the  riots 
of  1877,  1885  and  1886. 

G.  J.  LORCH,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1854;  entered  the  force  1881; 
arrested  two  turglars  at  167  Larrabee  street;  served  during  the 

street-car  strikes. 


THE    FIFTH    PRECINCT.  571 

PATRICK  McMAHON,  patrolmau;  boru  in  Ireland  1856;  came  to  Chi- 
cago June,  1H74;  entered  the  force  February  5,  1885;  acted  during 
the  riot  of  1886. 

THOMAS  H.  F.  MORAN,  patrolman;  boru  in  Boston,  Mass.,  1864; 
came  to  Chicago  April,  1867;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1885; 
at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

FRED  MORITZ,  patrolman;  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  1852;  came 
to  Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  April  20,  1886;  did  service  dur- 
ing the  trouble  of  1886. 

AUGUST  H.  MUELLER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Davenport,  Iowa,  1859; 
came  to  Chicago  July,  1859;  entered  the  force  June  10,  1885; 
served  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

GEORGE  McGOWEN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1859;  entered  the 
force  Decemlier  15, 1884;  was  at  the  Haymarket  riot  of  1886;  also 
street-car  strike  of  1885. 

JAMES  O'DONNELL,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1860;  entered  the 
force  1884;  arrested  Tony  Lawrence,  alias  Gazzolo,  for  burglary, 
the  first  night  he  wore  a  police  star;  was  in  the  riots  of  1886;  de- 
tailed for  detective  duty 

THOMAS  O'SHEA,  patrolman;  bom  in  Wexford,  Ireland,  1849;  came 
to  Chicago  1867;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  did  good 
service  at  the  Haymarket  riot. 

WILLIAM  PARKER,  patrolman;  bom  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  1849;  came 
to  Chicago  1871;  entered  the  force  December  15, 1884;  took  part  in 
the  car  strike  of  1885;  also  the  riots  of  1886. 

THOMAS  J.  RYAN,  patrolman;  born  in  New  York  city  1849;  came  to 
Chicago  1860;  entered  the  force  June  14,  1884;  arrested  WilUam 
Johnson  for  attacking  a  man  on  Kinzie  street;  Frank  Bush  for 
burglary. 

JOHN  V.  RYAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1849;  came  to  Chicago 
July,  1867;  entered  the  force  December,  1884;  at  the  Haymarker 
riot. 

JULIUS  ROACH,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1849;  came  to  Chicago 
in  1872;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  at  the  Haymarket 
riot  of  1886. 

r.OBERT  J.  SEVLAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1858;  entered  the 
force  1884;  took  part  in  the  Haymarket  riot. 

THOMAS  H.  SEAVY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1866;  entered  the  force  1884;  took  part  in  the  Haymarket 
riot. 

MICHAEL  WALSH,  patrolman ;  born  in  Mayo,  Ireland,  1854;  came  to 


572  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE. 

Chicafjo  1874;  entered  the  force  July  1,  1886;    served  during   the 
stock  yards  strike  of  November,  1886. 

LEVI  WOOD,  patrolman;  born  in  Lake  Co.,  111.,  1850;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1879;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884;  was  at  the  Hay- 
market  not. 

NATHAN  J.  YOUNG,  patrolman;  born  in  Portland,  Maine,  1838;  came 
to  Chicago  1855;  entered  the  force  August,  1870;  arrested  Thos. 
McGuire  for  murder;  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  life;  did  active 
service  during  the  fire  of  1871;    strikes  of  1877,  1885  and  1886. 

Webster  Avenue  Station. — This  station  is  located  in 
the  heart  of  a  quiet  and  respectable  district,  and  is  the  only 
police  station  in  the  city  where,  up  to  the  present  time,  it  has- 
not  been  deemed  necessary  to  place  a  patrol  wagon,  although 
arrangements  are  now  being  made  in  that  direction.  The 
station  is  one  of  the  oldest,  but  events  of  an  exciting  nature 
have  never  been  connected  with  it  to  any  great  extent.  The 
district  patrolled  by  the  force  of  the  station  is  bounded  by 
Fullerton  avenue  on  the  north,  Wilson  and  Menominee 
streets  on  the  south,  Lake  Michigan  on  the  east  and  the 
north  branch  of  the  Chicago  River  on  the  west.  The  area 
is  about  one  and  one-tenth  square  miles  and  the  population 
45,000.  The  force  at  this  station,  including  officers,  num- 
bers 42  men. 

ELISHA  E.  LLOYD,  lieutenant  of  police,  commanding  Webster  avenue 
district;  was  born  at  Long  Branch.  New  York,  1839;  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  1854,  and  entered  the  force  August  14,  1871;  served  as  a 
Union  soldier  during  the  rebellion,  and  was  for  fourteen  mouths 
subjected  to  the  tortures  of  Anderson ville  prison;  as  a  patrolman, 
made  several  important  arrests,  sending  many  notorious  criminals 
to  the  penitentiary.  Has  proved  himself  to  be  a  splendid  executive 
officer,  and  his  district  is  one  of  the  best  managed  of  any  in  the 
city. 

WILLIAM  HOGAN,  patrol  sergeant;  born  in  Ireland  1837;  came  to 
Chicago  1856;  entered  the  force  November  2,  1864. 

JOHN  QUIRK,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Ireland  1829;  came  to  Chicago  Sept. 
28,  1856;  entered  the  force  February  11,  1868,  was  assigned  to  duty 
as  patrolman  at  the  Huron  street  station  under  Captain  Wells 
Sherman;  transferred  to  Webster  avenue  February  12,  1871;  ap- 
pointe!  desk  sergeant  October  1,  1876. 


THE    FIFTH    PRECINCT.  573 

JUHN  P.  NYE,  desk  sergeant;  born  in  Germany  1835;  came  to  Chicago 
1857;  entered  the  force  September  7,  1869;  served  eight  months 
nnder  Sergeant  Baus  in  the  old  North  avenue  station,  nine  iiK)iiths 
on  the  day  squad  under  Sergeant  Mccauley,  and  as  station  keeper 
at  Webster  avenue  since  February,  1871. 

GEOEGE  C.  BURNETT,  patrolman;  born  in  Pennsylvania  1855;  came 
to  Chicago  in  1870;  entered  the  force  January  11, 1887. 

WM.  W.  BURNS,  patrolman;  born  in  Watertown,  Minn.,  1864;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1881;  entered  the  force  July  1st,  1886. 

AUGUST  BISCHOFF,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  in  1860;  entered  the 
force  July  1, 1886. 

WM.  CU-^HMAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ludlow,  Vermont,  1852;  came 
to  Chicago  in  1871;  entered  the  force  April  22,  1880;  assigned  to 
duty  at  East  Chicago  avenue  station.  Captain  Hathaway  com- 
manding, where  he  served  until  December  31,  1880;  transferred  to 
Webster  avenue  station  January  1,  1881. 

HERMAN  B.  CROON,  patrolman;  born  in  Aurich,  Germany,  1854;  came 
to  Chicago  May  27,  1881;  entered  the  force  May  26,  1885;  August 
23, 1886,  arrested  John  Quinn,  a  notorious  thief;  peniteutiary  one 
year. 

THOMAS  J.  DONOVAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1862;  entered  the 
force  December,  1884. 

HENRY  DAHME,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1855;  entered  the  force 
December  15,  1884 

JOHN  A.  ELLIOTT,  patrolman;  bom  in  Canton,  111.,  in  1855;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1880;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

M.  J.  FRANZEN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1862;  entered  the  force 
December  15,  1884. 

E.  I.  GARDINER,  patrolman;  born  in  Portland,  Maine,  1859;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1865;  entered  the  force  December  15, 1884. 

PETER  GIBBONS,  patrolman;  bom  in  Chicago  1859;  entered  the  force 
December  15,  1884. 

THOMAS  GLAVIN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Ireland  1859;  came  to  Chicago 
in  1876;  entered  the  force  March,  1885. 

MARTIN  HOFFMAN,  patrolman;  bom  in  Germany  1847;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1874;  entered  the  force  June  13, 1883. 

WILLIAM  J.  JACKSON,  patrolman;  born  in  Gottland,  Sweden,  in 
1848;  came  to  Chicago  1865;  entered  the  force  1873;  in  1880,  ar- 
rested the  notorious  desperado,  Wm.  O.  Davis,  sentenced  to  fifteen 
years  in  the  i>emtentiary;    1879,  arrested  James  Edwards,  alias 

43 


574  THE    CHICAGO    POLICE. 

Graham;  burglary;  fifteen  years  at  Joliet;  was  in  active  service  in 
riots  of  1877,  1885  and  1886. 

NICHOLAS  KRAUS,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicaj?o,  111.,  1849;  entered 
the  force  in  187H. 

FREDERICK  LUETTICH,  patrolman;  born  in  Prussia  1837;  came  to 
Chicago  18G0;  entered  the  force  August  13,  1869;  resigned  in  1879; 
re-entered  the  force  December,  1884. 

LAURITZ  LAURITZEN,  patrolman;   born  in  Denmark  1844;  came  to 

(^hi^iago  1871;  entered  the  force  in  1874;   served  ten  years  at  East 

Chicago  avenue  station. 
EDWARD  LEE,  patrolman;  born  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  1858;    came  to 

Chicago  in  1860;   entered  the  force  1873;   March  12,  1885,  arresto-. 

Win.  Schroder;   burglary;  Joliet  two  years. 

JACOB  MARUGG,  patrolman;  born  in  Switzerland  1849;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1875;   entered  the  force  December,  1884. 

JOSEPH  MERCIER,  patrolman;  born  in  Cheshire,  Conn.,  1858;  came  to 
Chicago  1864;  entered  the  force  1883;  served  at  Chicago  avenue 
station  four  years. 

CHARLES  MALESA,  patrolman;  born  in  France  1842;  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  1877;  entered  the  force  May,  1882;  served  four  years  and 
seven  months  at  East  Chicago  avenue  station. 

WILLIAM  B.  MACAULEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1823;  came  to 
Chicago  1856;  entered  the  force  April  10,  1859;  served  one  year  at 
the  old  Armory,  one  year  at  the  old  Bridewell,  six  months  at  the 
old  North  Market,  and  seven  years  at  the  Central  station. 

TIMOTHY  F.  MAHONEY,  patrolman;  born  in  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  1857; 
came  to  Chicago  1879;  entered  the  force  December  15, 1884. 

GEO.  W.  MILLER,  patrolman;  born  in  Germany  1834;  came  to  Chicago 
1849;  entered  the  force  1883;  in  active  service  during  the  Hay- 
market  riot. 

ROBT.  L.  MONAGHAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Lake  county.  111.,  1848; 
came  to  Chicago  in  1872;  entered  the  force  in  1881. 

DUNCAN  McCLOUD,  patrolman;  born  in  Canada  in  1851;  came  to  Chi- 
cago 1868;  entered  the  force  in  December,  1884. 

ANDREW  NESSER,  patrolman;  born  in  Luxemburg  1849;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1860;  entered  the  force  December  15,  1884. 

JAS.  R.  PRENDERGAST,  patrolman;  born  in  Ireland  1850;  came  to 
Chicago  May,  1873;  entered  the  force  June  15,  1883;  served  at  the 
Chicago  avenue  station  till  June  1,  1887. 

F.  P.  RYAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1856;  entered  the  force  De- 
cember 15,  1881. 


THE    FIFTH    rRECINCT,  575 

JOHN  SCANLAN,  patrolman;  born  iu  Irelaml  1847;  came  to  Chicago 
1866;  entered  the  force  August  27,  1873;  assigned  to  Larrabee 
street  station;  transferred  to  Webster  avenue  station  in  1874,  to 
Chicago  avenue  station  in  1878,  to  Webster  avenue  station  in  1882; 
served  three  years  iu  U.  S.  army;  was  in  active  service  in  the  riots 
of  1877. 

JXO.  E.  SULLIVAN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1860;  entered  the 
force  July  1,  1886. 

"WILLIAM  SAUER,  patrolman;  born  in  Milwaukee  county,  Wis.,  1854; 
came  to  Chicago  March,  1882;  entered  the  force  June  5,  1885; 
served  two  years  at  Chicago  avenue  station. 

FRANK  J.  THALSTROM,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  1855;   entered 

the  force  1885. 

AUGUST  L.  ZIMMERMANN,  patrolman;  born  in  Chicago  18G1;  en- 
tered the  force  December  15,  1884. 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


Allen,  D.C 54 

Andrews,  Sheriff. 78 

Alleu,Nathan 80 

Ambrose  D.  E 81,  116,  117 

Aikeu,  Andrew 89,     92 

Almendinger,  Tobias 90 

Andrews,  Francis -     98 

Abbott,  O.S 99 

Aniberg,  Adam  L 120 

Allen,  William 218 

Adams,  H 236 

Arch,  August  O 245,  484 

Andrews,  Fred  A 294,  320 

Asping,  Hugo 295,  313 

Allen.  Chas.  E 295,  534 

Amstein,  Charles 395 

Amstein,  J.  J 450 

Arado,  Chas.  P 480 

At  well,  Marshall  B 494 

Ashen,  John 494 

Asping,  Hugo 528 

Archibold,  Patrick  J 564 

Adams,  Peter 570 

Brock,  Gen.  Isaac 24 

Burns. 26,  28 

Bissou,  Mrs 26 

Burns,  Mrs 38 

Bradley,  Capt.  Hezekiah 39 

Braddock,  4 

Blanchard,  Rufus 10 

Beaubien,  Gen.  John  Basptite.41,  49 

Beanbien,  Medard  B 40,  43 

B:os.s,  Wm 41.  62,  66,  67,  123 

Beaubien,  Mark 41 

Bolles,  Nathan  H 52 

Burnhara,  Ambrose 58 

Boomer,  Wm 58 

Bogue.  C.  T 58,  62 

Ball,  Winslow  J 58 

Barker,  J.N 59 

Beech,  John 62 

Boone,  Dr.  Levi  D...71,  75,  76,  183 
Bovden,  Justice 1 45 


Page 

Bradley,  Cyrus  P  ....75,  76,  79,  96, 

98,  101,  108 

Boltz,  C 81 

Brown,  Officer 85 

Beattie,  Justice 85 

Bellmger,  Richard 89 

Beech,  CM 90 

Belkland,  O.  T ..     90 

Bale,H 90 

Boone,  F.  C 90 

Biese,  Thos 90 

Bass,  J 91 

Bellinger,  Richard,  .91,  92, 116,  118 

Barrett,  Thos 91 ,  98,  103, 

112,  113, 117, 120, 134,  480 

Barne&.H.  P 91 

Butts,  J.B 92 

Bloom, 92 

Brazee. 92 

Bond.  L.  L.. 100,  146 

Brown,  Thos.  B 101,  110,  112. 

113,  123,  127 

Bradwell,  Jas.  B 101 

Briscoe,  Nathan  A 102,107,  113, 

118,  120,  124,  135,  441 

Burdell,  Chas 102,113,  120, 

121,  124,  135 

Buckley,  Wm..-.  103, 123,  134,  151 

215,221,353,355,  479 

Beadell,  Madison 493 

Biirn-side,  Gen 106 

Beach,  Charley 109,  116 

Brummell,  Thos 117 

Bans,  John 119,  120,  121,  124 

135,  167,  173,  204,568 

Banvan,  A.  A 120 

BischofF,  Michael 121,  124,  135, 

191,195,196,204,  462 

Belknap,  Gen 128 

Bender,  G.  A 129 

Baker,  Capt 129 

Bluhm,  Carl 145 

Brennan,  Thos ..145,  198 

Brady,  James  A 528 


578 


INDEX. 


Page 

Bonfield,  John  ..J  45,  187,  215, 

23    5,  237,239,240,242, 

243,  246,  270,  278,  293,  294,  296, 

308,  310,  313,  314,  318,  319,  335, 

338,  341,  :347,  403,413,  456 

Brockwav,J.  W ,—  146 

Bateman,  W.  B 146 

Blettner,  August. .  167, 173, 177, 

204,  503 

Bell, 167,  171,  177,  204 

Baumgarten, 184 

Brown,  Jos 189 

BidcUe,  John 189 

Bolton,  Col 194 

Brennan,  Michael 458 

Bander,  Leander 208 

Barbaro,  Dominick  S 208 

Bodmer,  Anna 212 

Bittel,  Valentine 218 

Beadell,  Lieut 229 

Byrne,  John 235,  479 

Boswell,  J.  V 236 

Busse,  Christian 243 

Billings,  A.  M 246 

Bensley 276 

Barcell,  Lieut 286 

Bulman,  Jas 290 

Bowler _--.294,  309,  310, 

313,  317,  319,  320 

Beard,  J.P 294,295,  322 

Barrett,  John  J 294,  320,  322 

Brady,  James 294,  321 

Barber,  Adam  S 294,  321 

Butterly,  Peter 295,321,  534 

Burns,  William 295,  321,  534 

Brophy,  Thos. .-295,322,  534 

Barcal,  Jacob  J 295 

Brown,  John 295 

Burns,  Peter  J 295,  533 

Bennett,Eobt 295 

Barrett,  Edward 295,  450,  545 

Blake,  E.  Nelson 348 

Burdick,  Wm.  P 145 

Brown,  Con 357 

Burke,  Billy 358 

Bonfield,  Joe 345 

Bonfield,  Susan 345 

Bonfield,  Michael  W 345 

Bonfield,  James  H 345,  382 

Bonfield,  Martin  L 345 

Boyd,  Wm 390,  464 

Baer,  Bernard  P 391 

Barrett,  Prof 399 

Butcher.  William 422 

Barry,  David 423 

Barrett,  Andrew 424 

Bo  wen,  Owen. 426 


Page 

Brady,  Thomas  S 427 

Bowe,  Wm 428 

Becvar,  John 432 

Birmingham,  Lawrence 433 

Bergen,  James 435 

Brady,  James 436 

Byrnes,  James 438 

Barkley,  Luman 441 

Burns,  Michael 444 

Bovd,  John 44(> 

Byrne,  Frank  O 450 

Barrett,  John 450 

Brown,  K.  A 450 

Boettger,  Chas 450 

Baer,  Jacob 450 

Boecklin,  Hans 450 

Barttell,  Chauncy  M 46^. 

Birmingham,  Thomas 464 

Brennan,  James 464 

Bell,  James 465 

Bolyer,  James 465 

Boesen,  Bernard 465 

Bowler,  Maurice 465 

Burton,  James 465 

!   Burns,  Daniel 465 

'    Beck,  Thomas  D 465 

Burke,  Edward 465 

Blackburn,  Matthew ..-  480 

Burns,  Edward 480 

Buckley,  Jas.  H 480 

Broughton,  John 480 

Buckley,  Lawrence 480 

i   Barrett,  Timothy 485 

Bachle,  Charles 485 

Brace,  Benj 48.5 

I    Byrne,  Peter  J 491 

Bonfield,  John  P 491 

Burdick,  Alexis  C... 49.5 

Bohrn,  Leonard 494 

Brenman,  William 494 

Bover,  Stillman 494 

Byrne,  James 494 

Bongerz,  John 494 

Bingley,  George  A 499 

Beck,  Nicholas 499 

Bennecke,  Chas 499 

Barcal.  Francis  P 503 

Brictzke.  Ingomar  V 503 

Bumo,  Hugh 504 

Barth,  Edward 509 

Bums,  Benjamin 509 

Bell,  Mark 509 

Burk,  Patrick 509 

Baginski,  John  B 513 

Brunsfeld,  Michael 513 

Barber.  Orville  Z 515 

Barber,  Adam  S 528. 


INDEX. 


79 


Pa-'e 

Brace,  James  A - .-  528 

Bold,  Alexander 527 

Backus,  Anson 533 

Beard,  John  P 537 

Beaubien,  Frank  J -.  537 

Burns,  Joseph 539 

Brown,  John ---  588 

Beaubien,  Alexander 539 

Bluxith,  Christian 545 

Bock,  Martin 545 

Burke,  William 545 

Bowen,  Peter 545 

Bender,  George  A 551 

Berber,  Peter 551 

Barry,  John  J 551 

Bowman,  Louis 551 

Bender,  Adam .-  553 

Buckley,  James 553 

Boyd,  John 557 

Bartram,  Wheeler 563 

Berwick,  John  P 564 

Bartlett,  Eichard 564 

Baynes,  Thomas  B 564 

Bold,  Eichard ---- --  570 

Byrne,  Frank 570 

Bennett,  George  C 574 

Burns,  William  M 574 

Bischoff,  August 574 

Corbin,  Mrs 26,  36 

Caton,  Judge 26,  43, 49, 50,  52 

Caldwell,  Billy -     38 

Clark,  Gen 5 

Clybourne,  James -     13 

Clyboume,  Archibald.  13,  45,  48,  49 

Calhoun,  John 43 

Colbert,  Elias  Prof..-.43,  113,  123 

Church,  Thos 45 

Cook,  DanlP 49 

Clark, 54 

Chappel.A.  J 58 

Curtis,  Mavor 58 

Cutler,  J.  Y — -     60 

Carthew,  Eichard 61,  62 

Cannon.  Wm 61,  62 

Cook,  Fred 65 

Cook,  Isaac 68 

Connett,  J.  W 79,80,  81 

Chilson,  Chas.  F 79,81,  106 

Colman,  Ira 81,89,91,  98 

Chappell,  Delos  N 81 

Cunningham,  Eobt 81 

Cammeron,  Chas 81 

Chapman,  E.H 89 

Cravens,  B.  F 90 

Cook,E.G 90 

Coffev,  M 91 


Page 

ColmanL '...     91 

Clayton,D.. 91 

Cunning,  Thos 92 

Cunningham,  G.  C 92 

Cullom,  Shelby  M 94 

Coventry,  Alex.  C 94,  101 

Clayton,  Thomas  L .  99, 102, 112, 

117,  120,  134 

Cooper,  Geo.  E -101,107 

Connelly  Frank 107 

Cleaves,  Ben  L 109,  116 

CarmanWm.  A... 109 

Carman,  W.H 112,  113 

Crane,  Jas.B 118,  120 

Chamberlain,  — ■■ 123 

Como,Capt 129 

Colson,Capt 129 

Crowley,  Capt 129 

Chadwick,  Jas.  E 134 

Cleveland ,  Eeuben 143 

Christensen,  E 145 

Caulfield,  Barney  G 145 

Cleary,  P.  M 145 

Corcoran,  John 145 

Colvin,  H.  D-- 145, 146,  190 

Clarkson,  Jos.  P 146 

Callahan,  Micheal  C.-.167, 170, 174 
176,  204,  295,  450,  538 

Crane  Bros 172 

Carroll,  James  B 175 

Conneroy,  Michael 17& 

Collyer,  Eobert 179,  182 

Cullerton, 184 

Clark,  Capt 185 

Clark,  Alvina 188 

Connolly,  Arthur 189,  294,  321 

Carberry,  Lieut.  _  195,  196,  199,  204 

Cahill,  Thos 214 

Crowley,  Dan'l 214 

Cheney,  Bishop 227 

Coulson, 233 

Condon,  Officer 274 

Casey,  John 276,  466 

Crowley,  Cornelius  W 294 

Collins,  Jno.  W 294,  466 

Colleran,Luke 294 

Cahill,  James 294 

Conway,  James 294,  321,  529 

Coffey,  Chas.  N 295,  539 

Cunningham,  Peter 295 

Connelly,  Michael 295,  443 

Cramer,  Dan'l 295,  322 

Cullin,  Martin 295,  322 

Connors,  Pat'k 295 

Connelly,  Matthew 295 

Cullen,  Edwin  J 295 

Cregier,  De  Witt  C .348,  528 


580 


INDEX. 


Page 

Childs,  Henry  C 862 

Currier,  Thos.  H 370 

Costello,  Michael  J 422,  466 

Ciilleu,  Tiios 424 

Croniu,  Richard  F 427 

Costello,  John 429 

Carr agher,  Henry 431 

Coleman,  Win.  P 434 

Conroy,  Michael 435 

Carlston,  Martin 412 

Cook  James  D 447 

Cudmore,  Wm.  W 448 

Carroll,  Euj.reuG 450 

Curran,  Dan 450 

( 'rosby ,  Fraul^  D 450 

Cameron,  Alex.  B 450 

Cronin,  Wm.  J 450 

Crowley,  Jas.  P 450 

Carroll,  Edward 450 

Carman,  Wm.  H 460 

Codman,  Dexter —  463 

Considine,  Daniel 465 

Crowley,  Cornelius  W 465 

Cahill,  James 465 

Cramer,  John 465 

Cox,  Henry 465 

Colleran,  Luke  P 466 

Coleman,  Martin 466 

Cluett,  Henry  H 466 

Curtain,  Thomas  M 466 

Crosby,  Nicholas 466,  545 

Coakley,  John 481 

Coleman,  John 481 

Cou<,rhlin,  D.  J - 481 

Coogan,  Lawrence 481 

Cox,John 481 

Cary,  Joseph  W 485 

Corcoran,  Wm 485 

Campbell,  Campbell 491 

Cleary,  Pat'k 491 

Clogan,  Patrick 491 

Cummings,  John 499 

Couick,  James 499 

Car  berry,  Wm 499 

Conway,  Patrick 504 

Carey,  John  J 504 

( 'onnery,  Michael .504 

Ciimmings,  Patrick 504 

Cibrowski,  Michael 509 

Clark,  John 509 

Cullin    Richard 509 

Cullerton,  Thomas 510 

Croak,  John 514 

Cullerton,  James  E 515 

Curtis,  Thomas .._ 515 

Crotty,  Maurice  - 521 

Criming,  Elie  S 521 


Page 

Cowdrey,  Thomas  S 528 

Connor,  Patrick 528 

Connor,  Patrick  O... 528 

Casey,  John  L 528 

Clark,  Patrick  W 528 

Cosgrove,  Edward 529 

CJook,  Adam 534 

Cunningham,  Patrick 534 

Conlon,  Bernard 534 

Ct)rdon,  Michael  M 534 

Cluett,  William  W .538 

CuUen,  Martin 539 

Cramer,  Daniel 539 

Cook,  James 545 

Collins,  John  J 545 

Connell,  .John  O 545 

Culkin,  James  F 551 

Collins,  Samuel .551 

Coleman,  William 557 

Clark,  Alfred  M 564 

Caughlin,  Daniel 564 

Casey,  Patrick 570 

Clifford,  Patrick 570 

Cushman,  William 574 

Croon,  Herman  B 574 

DuPois,Mr 38 

Dale,  Geo.  W 43 

Dean,Phillip 57 

Daly,  James 61,    62 

Doughertv,  Owen 61 

De  Wolf,  Calvin 62,  80,    86 

Duffy,  Wm 62 

Douglas,  Stephen  A 65,  66,    68 

Dyer,  Thos 79,80,118 

Donnelly,  James  M 79,80,    81 

Davis,  J.  ('. 89 

Douglas,  W.  M.90,  96,  113, 118,  135 

Delanv,P 91 

Davis,  J.C 91,  118 

Delhi,T 91 

Dorin,  P 91 

Denman,  E 91 

Davis,  L.H ....92,134,  137 

Dixon,  Joseph.  97, 147, 151, 167, 

169,  186,  188,  190,  192,  195, 

198, 199,  205,  209,  369 

Driscoll,  Daniel  D 112 

Davis,  Hasbrouck 113 

Deuchy,  Clhas 117 

Dyer,C.H 129 

Dahinten,  Carl 145 

Dennehy.  Charles 145 

Doyle,  Austin  J.  145,  210,  211, 

215,  216,  219,  221.  228,  235, 

239,  240,  246,  352,  398 
Dane,  Thos.  M .'..  175 


INDEX. 


.■:8l 


Page 

Itemar,  Geo 175,  467 

Drew,  Gen .  180 

Dickie,  Capt 185 

Doolittle 106 

Duffy,  Lieut 229 

Dooley,  Thos 175,  -467,  4:()7 

Douohue,  Florence 294,  4{)7 

Doylo,  JobnE 294,  321 

Dti^.n,  Matbias  J 295,  322 

Dimu.  Dennis _   295 

Dalv,  Timothy 295 

Daly,  John  D 295 

Dale V,  Dan'l 295 

Dombrowski,  Chas 295,  322 

Drtulop,  Joe 356 

Dona  van,  Daniel. "423 

Dunne,  John  W 424 

Donlm,  James 428 

Dolau,  Miles 433 

Duun,  John  H 436 

Dowd.  Joliu  0-- 439 

Donahue,  Jeremiah  D 443 

Danielson,  Elef 444 

Demoliny,  Bernard 448 

Duddles,  Theodore 449 

Davenport,  Patrick 450 

Dargan,  Joseph  E 450 

Deavitt,Phelim 450 

Dunne,  M.  J 450 

Dickson,  E.N 450 

Doroche,  Adolphe . 450 

Dodge,  Catherine 454 

Dwyer,  Annie 454 

Dewev,  George  J" 466 

Dovle.  Garrett  H 468 

Doilard,Wm 467 

Derrig,  Jas 467 

Dettinger,  George 467 

Dolan,  Fraik 468 

Dufficy,  John 468 

J)oughert>,  Patrick 468 

Darrow,  Wm.  H 468 

Duffy,  Thomas 481 

Dolmay,  Daniel 4'*!) 

Driver,  Wm.  J 481 

Donovan,  Daniel  O 481 

Davis,  Eobt.  A 4>i6 

Duffy,  John  J 486,  490 

Dillon,  Arthur 491 

Dunn,  John  J 494 

Dav,  Charles  M 497 

DaV,  Wallace  M 499 

DulTv,  James  W 499 

Downs,  Thomas 499 

Danko,  Charles 5'''': 

Donahue,  Martin 504 

Doyle,  Patrick 504 


Page 

Dillon,  Wm--.. 510 

Dovitt,Wm -.13 

Dixon,  James 513 

Degan,  John 513 

Donohue,  Thomas - . .  515 

Dunnigan,  John 515 

Dougherty,  Owen 515 

Dillon,  William 521 

Digeren,  Frank 522 

l^amraann,  John  C 528 

Doyle,  JohnE 529 

Daley,  Dan'l  J 529 

Daley,  John  J 529 

Dean,StuartU 529 

Dillon,  Michael 529 

Dougherty,  Dan'l 530 

Dillon,  liraothy 534 

Delamater,  Avigust  G 534 

Donovan,  Patrick 539 

Daly,  Timothy 539 

Dunne,  Denis 539 

Deterling,  Wm.  J 545 

Dirane,  Thos.  F 545 

Dennehv,  Michael 546 

DeWaki,  Wm 551 

Delaney,  John 553 

Dumar,  William 570 

DeGaw,  Henry 570 

Delaney,  John 570 

Donovan,  Thos  J 574 

Dahme,  Henry 574 

Eastman,  Z 62 

Elmers,F 90 

Eisenbeis,  Geo 90 

Ellis,  Samuel  A._.96,  l(i3,  119,  151 
189,  309,  380 

Elliott,  Horace  M 97,  369,  391 

Ebersold,  Frederick...  138,  169,  171 

204,  205,  221,  228,  245,  270,  273, 

289,  291,  293,  319,  324,  328,  329, 

337,  333,  250,  355,  364,  456 

Eberhardt,  Max 145 

Eisendrath,  B 145 

Erie,  A 145 

Evans,  Michael  P 145,  455 

Egan,  J.  J 273,  513 

Enright,  Sergt 275 

Ebinger,  Jacob 294,  320,  468 

Earl,  Hiam,  A 294 

Ellsworth,  Eichard 295 

Engel,  George 304,  323 

Evans,  James 491 

English,  G.  P 305, 306,  309 

Eager,  George 358 

Eager,  Marv 454 

Ensworth,  Millard 468 


582 


INDEX. 


Page 

Ebersold,  Peter 408 

Eves,  Henry 491 

Ehinjjer,  Hermau 494 

Enzenbacher,  Andrew  J 495 

Elwood,  Frank 516 

Elchinfjham,  T.  A 530 

Early,  James 531 

English,  James  E 534 

Ellsworth,  Eichard 539 

Evers,   Wm 565 

Eizinger,  John 571 

EUiott,  John  A. 574 

Fergus, 26 

Fowle,  Maj 41 

Forest,  Col.  J.  K.  C 43,  62,  123 

Forbes,  Stephen 49 

Ford,  Bartley 58 

Fay,A.S 58 

Fowler,  Henry 61 

Frazer, 78 

Finocan,  Lieut.  M 79 

Fink,  H 90 

Foote,  J.  J 91 

Fleis,  S 91 

Fox,  T.  D 91,113, 124,  135,  363 

Fritz,  Jas 92 

Fitzz,C.  D 98 

Fox,Thos.  D  .--.102, 119,  551,  558 

Fischer,  Gustav 109 

Finnigan,  Michael 118 

French,  Chas.  H 123,  134 

Fisher,  Capt 129 

Fitzpatrick,  Dennis 139 

Floto,  William 145 

Frieburg,R 145 

Farwell,  J.  V 172 

Field  &Leiter 172 

Flynn,  Wm 175,  425 

Flashuk,  Jas 175 

Farwell,  C.  B... 179 

Friedburg,  Lesser 209 

Fielden,  Sam'l  _  _  _225,  231,  250, 

251,  256,  270,  293,  298,  299, 

304,  306,  309,  310,  317,  323 

Finn, 239 

Fugate,  Officer 275 

Falley,  Officer 27o 

Fitzpatrick,  John  E.  294,  3il9, 

312,  313,  314,  317,  318,  352,  462 

Foley,  Peter 294,  313 

Fink,  Charles 295,  321.  531 

Fallon,  Joseph  J 295,  539 

Fish,  Chas.  C 295 

Fischer,  Adolph 296,  304,  323 

Flavin,  Patrick 320 

Flavin,  Timothy 322 


Page 

Flynn,  Bartholomew 378 

Farrell,  Jas.  E 426 

Farley,  Patrick 432 

Fitzmaurice,  Jas.  D 435 

Fitzpatrick,  Eugene  J 449 

Flannagan,  A\'m 450 

Foltz,  Wm.  E 450 

Feeny,  Dominic 468 

Foley,  Dennis  J 468 

Fay,  Stephen  W 468 

Tallin,  Patrick 469 

Fechter,  Henry  W 469 

French,  Martin 481 

Fitzgerald,  Michael 481 

Fogarty,  John 481 

Flynn,  Edward 481 

Finegan,  Michael  S 486 

Fitzgerald,  John 486 

Foley,  Timothy  J 486 

Flanigan,  John  J 491 

Foley,  Patrick 495 

Flanigan,  John 495 

Fallon,  John 50C 

Foerster,  Frederick 504 

Fallon,  Malachy 504 

Fahey,  Thomas 504 

Farrell,  Thomas  F 510 

Fairchilds,  Jesse 510 

Fugate,  Charles  E 510 

Fitzgerald,  James  Edward 5)0 

Fox,  Owen 510 

Flannigan,  Charles  P 510 

Fitzpatrick,  Denis 512 

Fox,James 513 

Fitzgerald,  Henry 516 

Ferns,DavidB 516 

Flaherty,  Edward 522 

Fitzgerald,  James  J 522 

Fischer,  Jos.  F 530 

Freeman,  Wm.  J 530 

Feeley,  Denis 530 

Foley,  Peter 530 

Fitzgerald,  Denis 530 

Fleming,B 530 

Fuley,  Joseph 539 

Foss,  JohnH 546 

Fitzgerald,  C.  J 551 

Foley,  Matt 557 

Flanigan,  Patrick 558 

Finn,  John  T 565 

Fleming,  John 565 

Friedel,  Frank 571 

Franzen,M.  J 574 

Garrett,  Augustus 57 

Gray,  Charles  M 62 

Granger,  Elihu 68 


INDEX. 


583 


Page 

Gumee.  Walter  S 60 

Grant,  Michael.. 61,  62,81,85, 

89,  92,  116,  117 

Gilbert,  Ashley 75 

Gund,  Frederick.  .79, 89,  91, 92, 
100,  110,  112,113,  118,  123, 

135, 151, 167,  204,  363 

Gillespie,  M.  M  .„ 89.  91.  116 

Green,  W.R 18,  117 

Gaines,  Asa 90 

Green,  N.R 90 

Grinmer.  J.  H 91 

Gund.  J.  A 91 

Grant,  J.  J 91 

Gray,J.B 91 

Gillespie,  John 92 

Garritv,  Mike 107 

Garntv  James  _  _ .  112,  118,  120, 

121,  134.  5o3 

Gund,  A 113 

Gerbing,  F.  E---115,  119,  120, 

167,  172,  173,  190 ,204,  553 

Gorham,  John 117 

Gar rity,  Joseph —  124 

Groveuer,  Thomas 13i  > 

Greenebaum,  Henry 141,  183 

Gage,  David  A 146 

Grav,  W.B.H 146 

Gallowav,  A.  J 146 

Goodell,"R.  E 150 

Gant,  Henry 175 

Gilbert,  184 

Grant,  iPrederick  D 185 

Gumbleton,  William 189 

Giles  Bros 189 

Gorman,  John 80 

Gubbings,  George 213 

Greenhut  Jos 258 

Granger,  Michael  J 290,  377 

Golden,  Louis 294,  470 

Gibbons,  Jno.  F 294,  470 

Griffin,  Edward -  -  -  295 

Grogan,  Jeremiah 530.  295 

Gasquoine,  Ed.  S 2:j5.  ■'  30 

Ganoia,  C.  W 295 

Green,  W.  B 394 

Gellard.Wm 4^ 

Gara,John 431 

Grady, Thomas 448 

Gunderson,  Jno.  C 445 

Griffin,  William 449 

Gleason,  Edward 439 

Gibbons,  Patrick  J- 463 

Gavin,  J.  Patrick 470 

Gross,  Jacob 470 

Gallagher,  John 471 

Gilso,  Joseph  A 471 


Page 

Garritv,  Patrick  A 471 

Ganey,  William.... 481 

Golden,  Michael  F 486 

Gorman,  Henry 486 

Gaynor,  Michael 491 

Gleason,  Patrick  J 495 

Goodbrand,  Alexander 500 

Green,  Philip 500 

Goggin,  Wm.  J fOO 

Golden,  Frank. 505 

Gorman,  Patrick 513 

Gordon,  Patrick  J 513 

Goetlel,  Peter 513 

Grace,  Daniel  A 516  .^ 

Goodman,  Ohas  H 526^ 

Greene,  Peter  G 530 

Gradv,  Patnck 530 

Geisc'h,  Chas.  N 534 

Gallagher.  Michael 535 

Gainer,  Christopher  W 546 

Gainer,  Herman 546 

Grautier,  Albert 546 

Gleason,  Jas 551 

Griffin,  Thomas 558 

Garrigan,  John  J 565 

Gallagher,  John  J 571 

Guirk,  John 573 

Gardiner.E.I 574 

Gibbons.  Peter 574 

Glavin,  Thomas 574 

Hull,  Gen 22,  24,  29,  30 

Heald,  Cant :  26,  30,  35,  38 

Helm,  Lieut : 26,  36 

Holt,Sergt —26,  36 

Heald,  Mrs 27,  37 

Helm,Mrs 27,  35 

Hall,  Benjamin 13,  14 

Hurlburt,  Henrv  W 16 

Heacock,  Russel  E 40,  4J> 

Hamilton,  Col.  R.  J 41,  68 

Harmon,  Dr.  E 41 

Harrington.  Jas 41 

Hubbard,  Gordon  S 45 

Hogan,  Johns,  C-.--    49 

Hatch, 49 

Heartt,  Dan'l  B 54 

Huntoon,  M 54,  56 

Henrv,  Hugh  K. --.---- r.7 

Howe,Jas,  L -58,  60 

Hines,  Constable •'8 

Harrison,  Wm 61 

Howe,  Jas.  L 62 

Hennessv.  Thos 62,  295,  821 

Hoyne.  PhilA 62 

Hogan,  James. 90 

Hare,A 90 


584 


INDEX. 


Page 
Hickey, Michael  C..G2.  99,  102, 

103,  112,  117,  119,  123,  181, 

143,  147,  loO,  Ih.  16  .,  171, 

189,  194,  li)9,  203,  20"),  355 
Hu7it,Geo.  W-..81,  78,  89,  109,  471 

Hooke.  F.  S ■ 81 

Hansen,  E.S___... 82,84,  IIG 

Haines,  John  O 88,  89,  116 

Howcartl,  D.  H... 89,    90 

HodiTson,  Charles  -  -  -90,  98,  99, 

108,  112 

Hutchius,  J.  A !'0 

Halleck,  J.  G 91 

,Hall,J 91 

Harris, 91 

Hoffman,  Francis  A 94 

Holt,  George 107 

Hunt,  G.  D 116 

Hale,  Ghas.  T . 112 

Hiimelshine,  Francis 117 

Houston,  Sam'l  S -.-  119 

Hathawav,  A.  W_  -120. 124,  135,  167 

171,  204,  215,  221,  235,  362,  363 
342,  364 

Holden,  Chas.C.  P 127 

Hickey,  P.  H 134 

Heath,  Monroe. -134,  16 1,  169,  180 

203,  207,  3  >7 

Hood,  Edward,   134,  173,   179,  19") 

204,  I'Oo 

Hesing,  A.  C 14") 

Hand,  Peter.-- _, 14") 

Hoij'man,  Francis  A.  Jr 145 

Hunt,  Peter 145 

Hearting  John 145 

Hodgson,  John 75 

Holmes,  C.B 172 

Harrison,  Carter  H_-181,  188,  19() 

205,  223,  238,  1:39,  240,  247,  248 
306,  348,  355,  398 

Heinzeman,  Major 190 

Huntley,  Stanley 230 

Hoffman.  Bartholomew 208 

Hogan,  Mortimer 214 

Haebner,  John 217 

Heuning,  John 217 

Hussey,  Patrick  H 218 

Hubbard,  Geo.    W-_-222,  229,239 

278,  294,  309,  311,  313,  317,  319 
320,  350,  352, 353,  420,  460 

Horton  Geo.  F 237 

Howe,  C.  W 236 

Holbrook,  "  Buck  " 189 

Hunt,  Sam'l  C 254 

Hull,  Paul  C. 263, 294,  305,  306,  315 

Hanes.  J.M 273 

Hogan,  Daniel 294,  320 


Page 

Hartford,  Patrick 293,321,  530 

Halley,  Thos.... -..29),  321 

Hansen,  Jacob 294,  321 

Horan,  Michael  J 293,321,  442 

Hirtnett,  John,Jr 293,  535 

Hartford,  John  D 295 

Handy,  "Sandy" 316 

Hansen,  Nels 328 

Hubbard,  Thomas 35(» 

Henderson  352 

Hamilton,  Col.  R.  J 354 

Hall,  Fred 356 

Hurley,  Thomas 338 

Hoye,  Annie  L 360 

Hartman,  William  A-. 333,  471,  495 

Haas,  Louis 390 

Henrotin,  Dr . 417 

Harrington,  Dennis 421 

Hiorth,  Christian 429 

Hartigan,  James 437 

Hickey,  John 439 

Hennessy,  Michael 439 

Hanrahan,  John 444 

Heidelmeier,  Max 445 

Hahn,  Fred.  C 430 

Haag,  William 43& 

Hart,  D.  B 430 

Heelau,  Mary 434 

Howard.  Thomas  J 471 

Hoffman,  Michael 471 

Harnois,  Joseph  T 471 

Hillier,  Joseph  A 471 

Hays,  Thomas 471 

Hooley,  John 472 

Helze,  Samuel 472 

Healey,  Edward 481 

Heilman,  Frederick 486 

Haves,  James ^86 

Hachle,  Charles 486 

Henebery,  John 486 

Hartnett,  Daniel -'92 

Hahenadel,  Frank 49  3 

Heilmann,  Michael  H 495 

Harkins,  Patrick  H 49  3 

Hamahan,  David 495 

Hogan,  James  P 505 

Hanlev,  James  P 505 

Hally,' Michael 505 

Hammill,  Thomas  W 505 

Halle,  Edward--. 505 

Houlihan,  Jeremiah 505 

Hambroek,  Aiigust 505 

Hogan,  Patrick  ... 513 

Hoffman,  Charles 516 

Haines,  John  M 516 

Harder,  August  L 516 

Hickey,  Michael 522 


INDEX. 


585 


Healoy,  James 522 

Houliiiau,  John 522 

Hilbert.  Jacob 530 

Hoffman,  Frank  T 530 

Heylan. I,  Michael  S 533 

Hanson.  Jacob 535 

Hammon,  Jas.  E 535 

Hines,  John  P 53") 

Hennessy,  Tnomas 535 

Halley,  Thomas 535 

Hartford,  John 535 

Horau  Michael 539 

Halpin,  Wm 54(5 

Hardin,  Charles 54G 

Ho^ran,  Dan'l  R 546 

Hanley,  Edward  J 546 

Hague,  Wm 546 

Haerle,  Julius 551 

Halversou,  Alexander 551 

Heelan,  Lawrence 553 

Hansen,  M.  B 553 

Hilliard,  Noble 553 

Hussev,  P •--  556 

Haerle,  Wm . 558 

Henuing,  John  G 558 

Hoefig,  Paul 565 

Hughes,  Harvey 565 

Hartman,  John 565 

Hess,  George  W 565 

Heatt,  George 565 

Hedrick,  Edward  F 570 

Heflicher,  Wm.  T 571 

Haves,  Dennis 571 

Haerle,  Otto --  571 

Herraty,  Hugh 571 

Huchs,  Martin 571 

Hogau,  Wm 573 

Hoffman,  Martin 574 

Ind,  LouisB 500 

Izard,  Jas.  W 530 

Jewitt,  Sam'l  M 505 

Johnson,  Charles  John 510, 

554,  557 

Jones,  John  J 522 

Johnsson,  Louis 530 

Jameson,  Alexander 535 

Juro,  John 546 

Jensch,  Chas 546 

Johnson,  iSolfist  L 546 

Jordon,  Wm,  H 555 

Johnson,  Jas.  T 558 

Jomdt,  JohnF 571 

Johannes,  Mathias 571 

Jackson,  Wm.  J 574 

Joliet, ----      2 

Jay, 19 


Pago 

Jackson,  Carding .58,    91 

Joyce,  M 81 

Jones,  C,  R -     89 

Johnson,  T 91 

Justice,  William 92 

Jennings,  Chas.  H  ._.192,  113, 119 

James,  W 113,122 

Johnson,  Jonas  W 120, 123, 

134,  151, 167,  204 

Johnson,  A.  B    _ .  -  145 

Jamieson,  Egbert 145 

Jones,  Richard 213 

Jones,  J.  Russell    239,  247 

Johnson,  Louis 294,  321 

Jameson,  Alex 295,  321 

Jones,  Wm,  H  384 

Joyce,  Thomas 4-19 

Johngcn,  Carl  Edward    472 

Jichling,  wm.  F    472 

Joyce,  Peter    472 

Johnson,  William  S 472 

Kinzie,  John,  Jr 26 

Kinzie,Mrs 28,  37 

Kinzie,  John..  12, 13, 14,  28,  33, 

38,40,4'.',  63 

Kinzie,  John  H 14,  46 

Kinzie,  James 41,  4i^ 

Kinzie,  Robt.  A 41 

Kimberly,  E.  S 43,  65 

Kerchwald,  Gholsen 49 

Knights,  Darius 62,  67,  75,  79 

Keefe,  James 62 

linapp,  Benj.  R 80 

Kennedy,  John  M 81,8m,  117 

Kauftman,  Henry  A. 81,  90,  iw, 

118,  o69 

King,  John  Lyle,  Jr 81,  h2 

Knans,  Jacob 81 

Karlhofer,  P W 

Koff,M iiO 

Kebel,  M v.l 

Kuhn,P.._ ill 

Kolb,  C 91 

Knight,  J 91 

Kennedy,  Wm.  W-99,  101, 112. 

117, 118,  119,  123,  134 

Knox,  Joseph 100 

Knerr,  Geo 101 

Kilf oil,  Jimmy 106 

Kelter,Capt 129 

Knickerbocker,  J.  C 134 

Klokke,  E.  F.  C 137,  146 

Kom.  G.  R 145 

Keelev,  Michael 145,  199,  295 

Kennv,  R 145 

Kingsley,  S.  W 146 


68() 


INDEX. 


Page 

Kirk, ----  184 

Keru,  James 208 

Keating,  Edward  J 214,  370 

Kipley,  Joseph 214,  370,  489 

Kelly,  Edward  .  - -  -214,  450 

Kadish,  Mr 230 

Kaiser,  Officer 276,  278 

Knox,  Col 289 

Kerwin,  Jas 294 

Keller,  C 294 

Kiug,  John  H __.-294,  321 

K^lly.Wm 295 

Kenan,  George 295 

Keefe,  P.  H 295 

Kindlan,Tliomas____ 295 

Knieger,  Herman 295 

Kelly,  John  J 294,  320,  473 

Kelly,  Aug.  C 321 

Kehoe,  Alderman 366 

Krug, 368 

Kelly,  Stephen 425 

Kenny,  Michael 431 

Klidgax,  Simon 446 

Kelly,  Mary  A 454 

Kniger,  Herman  F.  E 472 

Kallech,  Paul 473 

Keuetick,  Patrick 473 

Kelly,  Peter 473 

Keenan,  John  C 473 

Kelly,  David  M 486 

Kelly,  Stephen 486 

Kershaw,  Thomas 486 

Kenney,  Charles  P 492 

Kurth,  Ferdinand 492 

Kaliher,  John  C 495 

Keefe,  John  E 495 

King,  James 495 

Kennedy,  Sylvester 504 

Kayser,  Charles  F 505 

King,  William 505 

Kelly,  Patrick 505 

Knowles,  James  W 510 

Kilgallon,  Michael 510 

Keating,  Michael  E 510 

Kane,  James 510 

Koeppen,  August 513 

Klusmann .  Henry  C 516 

Keatmg,  Patrick 522 

Kelly,  James  P 522 

Kelly,  Daniel 522 

Kinnev,  John  H 527 

Kindlau,  Thomas 531 

King,  John  H 531 

Kaiser,  George  S 531 

Keefe,  Patrick  H 531 

Kreutzberg,  John 531 

Keegan,  John 531 


Page 

Kelley,  John  S 535 

Kelly,  William 535 

Keeley,  Michael 539 

Kernan,  George 539 

Kaiser,  Louis 544 

Kissane,  Michael 547 

Kennedy,  Jeremiah 547 

Kolstad,  Stephen 547 

Kinsella,  John 547 

Knowles,  G.M 547 

Kalos,  Luke 547 

Kandzia,  Joseph 551 

Kelly,  Jas.  B 551 

Kearns,  Jas 551 

Keer,  Jas.  W 551 

Koeke,  Wm 553 

Koch,  John 558 

Kroll,  Louis 559 

Korziewski,  Mike 559 

Kipley,  Maximillian 561 

Koch,  Charles  J 564 

Kelly,  Michael 565 

Kalvelage,  Andrew 565 

Kaecke,  William 565 

Klinger,  Anton 565 

KeUy,  Peter  M 565 

Klett,  Jacob 565 

Keegan,  John 571 

Kraus,  Nicholas 575 

LeOlere,  Peresh 36 

Lee,  Mrs 38 

Long,  Major 39 

LaClede 4 

LeMai 14,    16 

Lee,  William 41 

Lincoln,  Abraham 42 

Lowe,  Sam'l  J 54,55,56,    58 

Lamb,P 62 

Lacy,  Nicholas 81 

Larsen,  Neils 89,    92 

Langdon,  E 91 

Leander,  G 91 

Lawson,  Iver 92,  lOO 

Lull,  Louis  J  —.120, 123, 134,  147 

Leib,  Herman 145 

Lonergan,  Thomas 145 

Laughlin,  Wm.  M 146 

Leiter,  LeviZ 160,  240 

Lake,  Jas.K 172 

Laughlin,  Edward 175,229, 

245,  479 

Lacy,  James 175 

Lott,E.  R 178 

Lawler,  Frank .184,  240 

Ladacher 198 

Lamb,  Johnny 209 


INDEX. 


587 


Page 

Lobbeke.Wm. 218 

Locke,  Rev.  Dr 227 

Liim,  DyerD 264 

Liivilum,  Patrick 294 

Lyouuais.  Wm--- ..-294,  473 

Lynch,  Geo 29o 

Lewis,  Lyman 359 

Lewis.  Lieut 360 

Lewis,  Oapt 361 

Law  on,  Frank 430 

Libbv,  James  S 438 

Luud.Roald 443 

Lave,  Win 443 

Looby,  John  R 445 

La  Plant,  Joseph  Z 506 

Lindelsee,  J.  H 511 

Lawlor,  James 520 

Lee,  Michael 523 

Lewis,  Lyman    526 

LjTicb,  George 535 

Lvnch,  John  545 

Larkin,  Jas.  C    547 

Letis,  Frank  G 547 

Lof tus,  Patrick  T 547 

Larsen,  Chas.  C 542 

Lindstrom,  John 551 

Lemlke,John 559 

Lochenstein,  J  566 

Lorch,  G.  J 571 

Lloyd,  Elisha  E    573 

Luettich,  Fred'k    575 

Lauritzen,  Lauritz   575 

Lee,  Edward 575 

Lohmever,  William 446 

Little,  David  E 447 

Lardner,  John  450 

Lndington,  Chas ._  450 

Lvnch,  John 450 

Littell,  Sarah  J 454 

Leamy,  Patrick 461 

Langan,  Michael 463 

Lennon,  James 473 

Lavin,  Patrick  473 

Leonard,  Jos 485 

Lowenstein,  Moses 487 

Lawler,  JohnM 487,  492 

Leonard,  John  J   492 

Leyden,  Martin  C 500 

Madison,  Pres 22,  38 

Meigs,  Gov 22 

Marquette, 2,  3 

Miller,  Samuel 41 

Miller,  John 41,43,  81 

Morrrison,  O 52 

Morris,  Buckner,  S 54 

Mesner,  Henry ._ __     58 


Paw 

Magiiire,  Michael 58 

Melviu.  Thos 62 

MiUikeu,  Isaac  L_ -62,  67, 101,  112 

Macken,  Tom 68 

Mitchell,  Joseph 81 

Myers,  Jacob- 81 

Mattev,  J.  M 81 

Medill,  Joseph.. 84,  123,    12!^,  135, 
138,  144 

Milliken,  J.  L 89 

Macaulev,  John 90, 119 

Milling,  P t)0 

Moore,  Richard 90,  294 

Miller,C 91 

Marx,   S 91 

Mein,  Wm 91 

Merrifield,  J 91 

Mueller,   Adolph 92 

Morgan,  Jas .     96 

Mueller,  Chas.  J .     98 

Miller,  Geo.  W 99,120,  294 

Malcom.  Robt 100 

Morganthaler,  Adam.  .101, 103, 112 
113, 117,  134 

Molon  ey ,   Solomon 1 03 

Monroe,  Jerry .     105 

Macaulev,W.B.113,119,135,17  ,  575 

Moore,  Thos.  A 115,  135,  369 

Miller,  Geo.  M-.-.118,  119, 124,  322 

Mason,  KB 120,121,  127 

Matson,  Canute  R 122 

Matteson, 123 

Merrill,   Capt 129 

Mason,  Carlisle - .  _  141,  172 

Michaelis,  Richard 145 

Matther,Dr ..  145 

Muhlke,  Emil 145 

Mever,  J.  C 145 

Moore,S.M ...  145 

Miller,H.  B 145 

Morrison,   A.  L __   _  145 

Matson,  K.  R 145 

Movoskosky,  Wenson 175 

Mills,  Luther,  Laflin 188 

Murphv,  Michael 213,474,  553 

Mackay,  William  F 213 

Mahouey,  Timothy 213 

Mitchell,  Michael 215 

Most,  Johann 262 

Mitchel,  Jas 294,  475 

Morris,  John  C 294,  474 

Morweiser,  John 294 

Murphy,  Lawrence  J  .294,  320,  531 

Meanev,  Thos 295,  313 

Murphy, Bernard  J. ..295,  322,  474 

Murphv.  Frank 295,  322 

Moore,' R 313 


588 


INDEX. 


Page 

Medill,Sam ^56 

Murray, ^^7 

Malmborg,  Col.  O 331 

Miller,  Capt 363 

Mor^'au,Ja8 378 

Marks,  Mitchel  H 379 

Meyer,  Keinhold 382 

Mulvihill,  Patrick 408 

Mauuinff,  Michael 421,  475 

Moore,  John 423 

Maher,  Thos 425 

Maboney,  Patrick 42G 

Mead,  Geo.  D 427 

Monagban,  Jobn 433,  513 

May  worm,  Wm 433 

Merneu,  James 434 

Meaney, -Tobn  J 434 

Miller,  Pbillip  G 436 

Maher,  Tbomas  F 433 

Maboiiey,  Michael  K 449 

Murphy,  Mary  Ann 454 

Mayer,  Mary 454 

Mohrman,  Annie 454 

Mahoney,  Jobn  E -  463 

Meyer,  Herman 473 

Murphy,  Peter 474 

Madden,  Michael 474 

Mitchell,  Jas 475 

Murphy,  Tbomas 475 

Morneister,  Jobn 475 

Madden,  James 482,  516 

Murtha,  Michael  J 482 

Murphy,  Patrick  J 482 

Mulcaby,  John  J 482 

Murphy,  Timothy 482 

Mulcahy,  Thomas 482 

Meeban,Jobn 482 

Mulcaby,  Roger 487 

Martin,  Nicholas 487 

Meyer,  Cbas.H 487 

Murphy,  Jas.  T 487 

Mack,  Robert 487 

Moouey,  Wm.  J 491 

Morriarty,  Jobn 492 

Maloney,  Patrick 492 

Martin,  Peter  E 495 

Miller,  Phillip 495 

Maboney,  Jobn  L 498 

Maboney,  John  J 5t*6 

Miniban,  John 5U6 

Maddiek,  Jobn 5(  iG 

Mead,  Patrick 5( K) 

Martin, .lames  H 5"6 

Moore,  John 506 

Murnane.  James «^''fc> 

Mausfiebl.  James 511 

Murray,  James  J  - 513 


Martin,  Thos 513 

Moore,  Richard  J 515 

Medrs,  JohnB--- 516 

Maguire,  Patrick 516 

Maboney,  Frank 520 

Miller,  M.  L 521 

Muchowski,  Stephen 523 

Malone,  John 523 

Meaney,  Thomas 531 

Mann,  Edwin  P ■oH 

Moran,  Michael 535 

Magis,  Jobn 540 

Miller,  Jobn 547 

Mackey,  Jas.  J 548 

Matheson,  Martin 548 

Murphy,  Jobn  J 548 

Moloney,  P.  J 548 

Mullius,  Jobn 5-1:8 

Morris,  Wm.C 552 

Malloy,  Jas.  B 552 

Moore,  Charles 552 

Miller,  Ed 553,  556 

Montgomery,  Robert  C  — 556,  5(y4 

Murphy,  Patrick  J 559 

Marsh,  Wm 559 

Michels,  Nicholas 566 

Moran,  Thomas.  J 566 

Murphy,  Wm.M 566 

Molinowski,  Hugo  R.  A 566 

Moore,  Jas 566 

Meyer,  Berut 566" 

Moran,  Thos.  H.  F 572 

Moritz,  Fred 572 

Mueller,  August  H 572 

Marugg,  Jacob 575 

Mercier,  Joseph 575 

Malesa,  Charles 575 

Maboney,  Timothy  F 575 

Miller,  Geo.  M 575 

Monagban,  Robt.  L 57.5 

McKenzie, 11, 12,    13 

McKee, 4J 

McKenzie,  Elizabeth 4}i 

McHale,Jobn 58 

McDearman,  S.  H 60 

McElroy ,  Daniel 62,    68 

McAuley,  George 91 

McCarthy,  John 91 

McAuliflF,  C 91 

McAuley,  N 91 

Mclntyre,  P 91 

McCarthy,!) 91 

McGrath,  Philip 92 

McAuley,  John 92,    97 

McDonald,  Charles 98 

McCauley,  William  B 109 

McCuUagh, 123- 


INDEX. 


589 


Page 

McCarthy,  Capt 129,  275 

McAvoy,  J.  H 145 

McCorinick,  0.  H 170,  305 

McCormk-k,  S.  S 175 

McCauu,  Thomas 175 

McGari;^'le,  W.  J_.  188, 196,211, 

215,  320,  335,  369,  370,  415 

McGratb,  Patrick 218 

McCartuev,  Sheriff 235 

McHuo-h,  'Peter 294 

McEnerv,  Thomas 294,  321 

McMahou,  P 295 

McNeil,  Huf,'h 295 

McLaughlin,  Patrick 295,  321 

McNulty ,  Patrick 295 

McKeever, 356 

McKav,  Alexander 356 

McKeough,  Timothy 379 

McOrath,  Michael 428 

McMahon,  Michael 430 

McCarthy,  Patrick 433 

McDermott,  John 436 

McFighne,  John 450 

McGovern,  Patrick 473 

McMahon,  Simon 474 

McHugh,  G.  H 474 

McKav,  Michael 474 

McGiiirk,  Mathew  H 474 

McCormick,  Peter 475 

McCormick,  Dennis 475 

McNulty,  John  J 475 

McQuaid,  Patrick 481 

McGrath,  Edward 482 

McGinnis,  James 482 

Mcluerny,  John 487 

McNamara,  Jas.  C 487 

McLaughlin,  Michael 487 

McGraAv,  Michael 492 

McDonald.  John  H 492 

McCarthy ,  Daniel  L 492 

McMahou,  Jas 492 

McDermott,  Charles 492 

McCarthy,  David  W 495 

McNeil,  George  E 500 

McDonough,  Martin  W 500 

McAvoy,  James 503 

McGuire,  Thomas  A 506 

McGlynn,  Terrence 506 

McShane,  James 507 

McGuire,  Wm.  Sennott 508 

McClellan,  Wm 511 

McDermott,  John--. 513 

McGrath,  Patrick 513 

McDonald,  John 514 

McNamara,  Thomas 516 

McLaughlin,  Patrick 516 

McCarthy,  Dennis 516 


Page 

McGovern,  Charles 523 

McCullom,  John  J 523 

McKenna,  Jas.  W 523 

Mc>hea,  William 523 

McEuery,  Thomas 531 

McWilliams,  Eugene 531 

McMahon,  Patrick 535 

McGarrv,  Jas 535 

McWeeny,  John 535 

McComb,  Frank  J 535 

McNeil,Hugh 540 

McMahou,  JohnK 547 

McGuire,  Peter 548 

McManus,  Jas.  F 548 

McGrain,  Peter. 548 

McCue,  Peter 548 

McNulty,  John  J 552 

McCarthy,  Dan'l  P 552 

McNamara,  Thos 552 

McCauley,  Wm.  B 553 

McDonald,  Alex 559 

McNulty,  Patrick  E 559 

McCormick,  Richard 566 

McMahon,  Thos _.  566 

McCarthy,  John  D 566 

McMahon,  Patrick 571 

McGowen,  Geo 572 

McCloud,  Duncan 576 

Nelson,  20 

Nepoleon, 20 

Norton,  J.  N.-61,  62,  67,  76,  81,  109 

116 

Norton,  H.H 75 

Noyes,  Chris 75 

Norwood,  Wm.K 81 

Nichols,  C.  K 81 

Nichols,  D.B 81,    89 

Noyes,  John 82,  118 

Nelson,  John. .91,  96,  99,  101,  102 

103,  106,  112,  113,  115, 116,  294 

354 

Newhouse,  Joha  S 99,  101 

Norton,  John  A 117 

Nuhoff,  Conrad 145 

Nash,  G.  W 236 

Neebe,  Oscar 201,  323 

Norman,  Joseph -295,  321,  440 

Niff,  Wm.  I 295,-540 

Nash,  Patrick 295,  322,  531 

Norcross,  Ancel  D 44 

Nagle,  Michael 434 

Nolan,  John  P 43-") 

Noonon,  Thomas 475 

Nolan,  Martin 487 

Nash,  Michael 607 

Norton,  John 507 


590 


INDEX. 


Page 

Nlehol,Wm 507 

Nolan,  Wm 531 

Nohren,  Frank  W 548 

Nelson,  Peter 548 

Niehoff,  Conrad  L 552 

Nelson, Herman 553 

Nordstrom,  John  O 566 

Nelson,  John  P 570 

Nye,  John  P 573 

Nesser,  Andrew 576 

O'Brien,  William 511 

O'Donald,  William 492 

O'Toole,  Michael 492 

O'Meara,  William 492 

O'Connell,  John  M 495 

O'Sullivan,  Jeremiah  F 496 

O'Farrell,  John  J 500 

Orr,  George 500 

O'Malley,  John 507 

O'Meara,  Timothy 514 

O'Brien,  Patrick  J 514 

O'Connor,  Timothy 514 

O'Shea,  Dennis 517 

O'Connell,  Charles 517 

O'Connell,  Morgan  W 521 

O' Day,  Patrick 523 

O'Hara,  John 523 

Orell,  Isaac 531 

Orchard,  J.  F 540 

O'Neill,  Patrick 548 

Owens,  Patrick  D 548 

Owens,  Patrick  H 552 

Outhank,  William  H  _ 559 

Outhank,  Charles  F 559 

O'Donnell,  Jas 572 

O'Shea,  Thomas 572 

Ouilmette, 16,    26 

Owen,P.  J.V 43 

Ogden,  Wm.  B 46,52,    82 

O'Brien,  Michael 58,  478 

O'Malley,  Charles 61,    62 

O'Hara,  Dan.  .68, 100,  145,  175,  211 

Oliver,  John 89 

O'Donnell,  Simon... -103,  121,  124 

135, 165, 167, 191,  204,  210,  211 

215,  221,  235,  275,  285,  286,  296 

351,  356,  357,  358,  359,  502 

Osterman,H 128 

O'Neill,  Edward 145 

Olin,  S 146 

O'Neill,  James 195 

O'Brien,  Patrick 214,  215,  492 

496,  580 

O'Leary,  Patrick 218 

O'Neill,  Henry 218 

Owens, 233 


Page 

Onahan,Wm.  J ..120,  145 

O'Brien,  M.  W 238,  294,  320 

O'Sullivan,  Timothy. -295,  321,  536 

O'Day,  Andrew .295, 322,  540 

O'Donnell,  Michael 295,  475 

O'Shav,  Dr 353 

O'Donnell,  Jas.  T 385,  475 

Otto,  Michael 426 

O'Donnell,  John 432 

O'Hara,  John  T  440 

Oakey,  George 449 

O'Meara,  W.  P. 450 

O'Neill,  Francis 463 

O'Donnell,  John  J 475 

O'Brien,  James 475 

O'Connor,  Dennis 475 

O'Donnell,  Walter 475 

O'Halloran,  Michael 475 

O'Regan,  Patrick 475 

O'Connor,  John 475,  507 

O'Shea,  Christopher 487 

O'Brien,  John 487 

O'Shea,  Daniel 487 

Partridge,  Black 32,  35,  37 

Pee-so-tum 36 

Pettels,  16 

Peck,  Ebenezer 52 

Pahlmau,  A.  H 58 

Pattriollett,  Erni 58 

Price,  Cornelius 68 

Price,  William 68 

Prendergast,  T.  J 80 

Prindle,  L 81 

Petrie,  Philip 81,  115 

Pinkerton,  Allan 86 

Prince,  W.H 89,  91 

Palmer,  John  S 89,  90,  117 

Perry,  H 91 

Palen,  J.  E 91 

Patterson,  P.  O 91 

Phillips,  P 91 

Portman,  P 91 

Petrie,  M 91 

Pilgrim,  H 91,  108 

Prince,  S.  Y 92,  109 

Paulsen,  R.  J 98 

Palser,  Martin 98 

Perry,  Charles  S 103 

Powers,  James 103 

Putnam,  S.P 118 

Paulsen,  William 119 

Paine,  John  P 120 

Pasch,  Capt 129 

Paul,  Capt 129 

Powell,  George  P 134 

Phillips,  Edward- . 145 


INDEX. 


591 


Plant,  George  D 145 

Pribyl,  M.  J 178 

Parsons,  Albert  R..- 225,  226,  230 

232,  233,  250,  251,  256.  259,  263 

267,  280,  293,  298,  299,  30},  306 

317,  323 

Parsons,  Lucy  E 249,  3:  !8 

Prendergast,  Judge 248 

Pinkerton,  Wm 250 

Peaswick,  Officer 275 

Penzeu.  Francis. -294,  295,322,  550 

Pembroke,  Dau'l 295 

Prior,  Patrick 295,  536 

Plunkett,  John 295,  322,  53 1 

Patterson,  Jack 358 

Palmer,  Henry 386 

Powers,  Thomas 423 

Payton,  Anthony 429 

Peuneli,  Andrew 436 

Post,  John 295,  463 

Peterson,  Oliver 475 

Perry,George 476 

Palmer,  Chas.  A.. 482 

Padden,  Martin  E 488 

Purcell,  Michael 488 

Pettesch,  Edward 500 

Plunckett,  Wm 500 

Petersen,  Chas.  J 500 

Pidgeon,  James 507 

Pearsall,  Geo.  W 507 

Piceny,  James 511 

Ptacek,  JohnE 512 

Pehlke,  Charles 517 

Preston,  Thomas,  Jr 531 

Pecery,  Arthur  A 531 

Patton,  Wm 558 

PalczjTiski,  Joseph 559 

Peters,  Louis C -_  560 

Parker,  Wm 572 

Prendergast,  Jas.  R 576 

Quinn,  Jas 2,  92 

Quinn,  C 91 

Quirk,  Col 192,  194 

Quin ton.  Officer 275 

Quinn,  Lieut.  Martui.309,  311,  312 
317,319,  .364,554,555,  563 

Quinlan,  Dennis 428 

Quinn,  John 450,  oOT 

Quigley,  Michael  P 482 

Quinn,  John 507 

Quinlan,  Michael  W 514 

Quinn,  Richard  F 514 

Ronan,  Geo 26,  28,  35 

Reynolds, _     40 


Page 

Reed,  Constable 50 

Raymond,  Banjamin  W. -     54 

Rhines,  Henry 57 

Rommeiss,  George 61 

Rucker,  Henry  L 74 

Ray,   Dr 85 

Rehm,  Jacob 89,  90, 96, 98,  1 00 

112,  113,  118,  134,  137,  145,  146 
147,  187,  190,  335 

Reichenbacker,  F 91 

Reels,  N 91 

Rumsey,  JuUan  S 97 

Rice,  John  B.— 101, 112,  113,  115 

Reagan,  Tim 105 

Routzong,  Andy 105 

Rehm, Charles....  124, 135,  370,  395 

556 

Rogers,  Capt 129 

Ryan,  Capt 129 

Reno,  C.  A 141,  145 

Ryan,  Sergeant.  .174,  191,  197,  198 

Roberts,  Col 183 

Rawleigh, ]84 

Race,  Albert 189,  208,  209 

Robertson,  A.  H 91 

Ray,  James, 214,  459 

Rafferty,  John 275 

Rosenfeld,  Samuel 286 

Rierdon,John 294 

Reid,John 294,320,394,  532 

Redden,  Thos 295,  323 

Ruel,  Edward .295 

Roche,  John  A 348,  350,  456 

Rafferty,  Patrick 353 

Russell,  M.  G 856 

Reed,  Charlie. 359 

Russell,  Rosalie  R 363 

Ringrose,  Martm  D...378,  476,  532 

Rohan,  Andrew 381 

Rehm,  Frank 432 

Roche,  Charles  H 443 

Rosa,  Frank .  450 

Roycroft,  Geo.  W.  H 444 

Reed,H.B 471 

Ryan,  Edward  J 471 

Revere,  Charles  P 476 

Rentz,  Martin 476 

Richardson,  John 476 

Rowan,  Stephen 482 

Raffertv.JohnT 483 

Ryan,  Michael  C 488 

Reidv,  James 488 

Rodney,  Michael  J 492 

Rottgen,  Henry 496 

Roach,  Henry 496 

Rooney,  Peter  W 500 

Ryan,  Timothv 501 


592 


INDEX. 


Page 

Riordau,  Daniel  G 507 

Byau,  John 501,  507,  549 

Raf tery,  Michael 5i  i7 

Rebui,  John 512 

Raj^f,MO,  Peter 514 

Ryau,  JohuR 514 

Roach,  Thomas  J 517 

Rivers,  Joseph  L 517 

Roouey.  William 523 

Ryau ,  Matthe  w 524 

Ross,  Alexander  S 526 

Reinhart,  Adam 532 

Ryan,  Patrick 532 

Robinson,  Phillip 532 

Redden,  John 532 

Roach,  Edmund 544 

Rehm,  Jacob  B 548 

Rivere,  John  L 549 

Ryau,  Wm.  J 549 

Rvan,  Daniel 552 

Raycrof  t,  Geo.  W -  -  -  552 

Ruger,  George  H 559 

Regan ,  Matthew 559 

Ruel,  E.  W 566 

Roach,  Bernard 566 

Riley,  Patrick 567 

Ryan,  Thomas  J 572 

Ryau,  John  V 572 

Roach,  Julius 572 

Ryan,  F.  P 576 

Swearington,  Jas.  S 7 

Scott,  Gen 42,    61 

Smith,  Horatiis  G 49 

Smith,  T.W 52 

Shregley,  John 52,    53 

Smith,  S.  Lisle 54 

Smith,  Orson 57 

Sherman,  Alanson  S 57 

Schneider,  George 62 

Schripps,  J.  L 62,    66 

iSheahan,  James 68,123,  124 

Sherman:  Hon.  Frank  C 68 

Stewart,  Gen.  Hart  L 68 

Swift,  R.R 78 

Shocklev,  Lieiit.  H 79,  116 

Seifert,  Chas 80 

Scuden,  Robert 81 

Schuffer,  Martin 81 

Scott,  Dred 86 

Sherman,  Wells.89,  91,  92,  115,  116 
118,  119,  123 

Smith,A 90 

Shippey,  R 90,  117,  119 

Stening,  John 90 

Simsalt,  H 90 

Sawyer,  Wm 91 


Schmidt,  John . .     91 

Stewart,  J.F 91 

Schneider,  P 91 

Sipple,  D 91 

Schilling, 92 

Streble,  Chris 97 

Sherman,  Francis  C 98,  101 

Summerfield,  John 100,  120 

Stanford,  Jarvis 100 

Sheridan,  Mark  ...100,  123,  134,  137 
141,  li2,  212 

Sturtevant,  A.  D 101,  112 

Hcott,  Eos  well 101 

Sabin,  Ben 135 

Stampo,  Steve "  108 

Simmons,  Denny 109,  204 

Simmons,  Geo.  A 117,  167 

Sitts,G.  H 117 

Schoeuwald,  Jacob 117 

Sauter,  Jacob 119 

Stiles.  I.N 120,  146 

Scullv,  Martin 120,  145 

Storey,  Wilber  F 123 

Shiimau,  Andrew 123 

Sheridau,  Gen.  P.  H..128,  130,  185 

Sherman,  Frank  T 129 

Scam mou,  Chas.  T 129 

Salter,  Capt... 129 

Schaffner,  Louis 1134 

Schwuchow,  L 145 

Schweinf urth,  Frank 145 

Schiellinger,  J 14o 

Schwartz,  Wm 145 

Stein,  Philip 145 

Schauellin,  H 145 

SchaefFer,  W 145 

Seugl,  F 145 

Schoeninger,  Adolph 145 

Sullivan,  W.  K 146 

Seavey,  Valorus  A  ...167,  174.  190 
191,  199,  204,  205,  208,  209,  357 

Stockton,  Gen 172,  216 

Samolsky.  A 175 

Shanley,  Patrick 175 

Swett,  Leonard 183 

Smith,  Judge  Svduev 188.  223 

St.  Peters,  Joseph 188 

Sherry, 189 

Sherer,  W.  T 194 

Shimlv, 198 

Simmons,  Thos.  F 215 

Schaack,  Michael  J  ..222,  293.  323 

360,  361,  364,  367,  560 

Spies,  August  ...2:29,  230.  232,  250 

256.  260,  264,  265,  270,  271,  272 

280,  281,  293,  296,  299.  305,  306 

317,  323 


INDEX. 


593 


Page 

Shepherd.  Lieut 229,  276,  287 

8ohiuidt,  Dr 231 

Swiuk.  Mrs ..-  232 

Suow,  Thus 236 

«kiunor,  F.A 236 

Sullivan,  John 238 

Sullivan,  F.E.-.. 238 

Shea.  John  D  -_..239,  24),  370,  418 

Smith,  Adam 254 

Schilliuj,',  Geo 258,  2G8 

Schwab,  Mic'haeL .  ■-  63, 264, 270,  271 
283,  293,  304,  323 

Small, John... 290 

Stanton,  Jas.  P...294,  295.  309,  310 
313,  321,  322 

Steele,  Solomon  C 294,  476 

Storen.  J.  O.  D 294 

Sheehan,  ^Michael 294,  320,  323 

Shannon,  Nicholas  J.. 294,  321,  363 

460 

Sanderson,  Wm.  L 295 

Stahl,  Nicholas  H 295,  476 

Smith,  Henrv  F 295,  322 

Steele,  Edward  J. 295,  309,  311,  317 
319,  322,  370,  374,  387 

Stau])er,  Frank 297 

Stuart,  Graeme 348 

Sullivan,  W.  K 356 

Suowden,  C.A 356 

Stone.  M.E 356 

Slimpsou,  Officer 357 

Small  V,  J.  H 360 

Stuart,  Col.  D 331 

Storer.  Chas 369 

Slayton,  Reiibeu 370,  375 

Schuettler,  Herman 377 

Stewart,  Wm 387 

Simmons,  Dennis 388 

Smith,  Wm.  F 390 

Stitt,  John____._._ 396 

Shanloy,  Thomas  R 439 

Sullivan,  Patrick 431 

Sisk,  John  M 432 

Savior,  Dr.  F 438 

Slavin,  Michael  C 440 

Scott,  Huron  C -  441 

Simonsen,  Julius  L 446 

Strail,  Chas.  A 447 

Schaus,  Peter 448 

Soller,  John  K 449 

vSchifter,  Otto 449 

SI leridan,  Wm 450 

Shannon,  Archie 450 

Schilip.  Charles 450 

Stewart,  Marv 454 

Shepard,  Jos."B 458 

Scott,  John  D 476 


Pago 

Stenerna^de,  William 476 

Steele,  Freeman 476 

Spencer,  C.  A 476 

Sargeant,  Walter  A _ .  476 

Sommer,  Frederick 477 

Schnell,  Benjamin  F 477 

Schoenfeld,  Marceli 477 

Sauis,  Morris 477 

Seiber,  Christopher 477 

Short,  James 477 

Sleith,  William 477 

Stratton,  John 483 

Schwei"-,  Mathias  J 483 

Schumacher,  John  P 483 

Swift,  Jas.  M 483 

Swan,  Michael 483 

Shea,Dauiel 483 

Smith,  William  F 483 

Shanlev,  James ._  483 

Stetf ens,  Mathias 483 

Strening,  Chas.  P 488 

Smiddy,  Denis  W 488 

Styx,  WilHam 488 

Sherrett,Wm 488 

Shannessy,  Patrick 488 

Savage,  John 488 

Sullivan,  David 488 

Sanford,  George  W 494 

Sullivan,  Frank  E . . . 498 

Sladeck,  Frank 496 

S weenev.  James 496 

Smyth,  Edward  H 496 

Stone,  Guv 496 

Smith,  Alfred  H 496 

Spencer,  John  C 496 

Stark,  Gerald 499 

Stahl,  W.L 501 

!-^pencer,  J.  C 501 

Shreve,  Jos.  H 501 

Smith,  Cornelius  E 501 

Swikard,  Jacob  A 507 

Suyder,  Joseph 508 

Sullivan,  Thomas 508 

Schrag-e,  August  H 508 

Shaner,  Frederick 508 

Stern,  Chas.  F 508 

Stewart,  John 508 

Sheppard,  Richard  A 508 

Shane,  Louis  F 511 

Small,  John 514 

Stokes,  John 517 

Sweig,  Jerrv  W 517 

Slovan,  Thomas  J 524 

Stanton,  Timothy  J 532 

Short,  Jas.  B 532 

Shea.  Cornehus  D.  O  532 

Smith,  Chester  P 532 


>U4 


INDEX. 


Page 

SaD  Jerson,  William  L 536 

Short,  Michael 536 

Sullivan,  Mathew  J 536 

Shay,  Dauiel  W 536 

Smith,  Francis 544 

Sanders,  Adolph 544 

Schneider,  Frank 549 

Shea,  John  J 549 

Sloier,  NelsO 549 

Sullivan,  Cornelius 549 

Sullivan,  John 549 

Spierling,  Chas 552 

Schoen,  Chas 552 

Schumacher,  Victor 554 

Shearin,  Patrick 567 

Spain,  Wm 567 

Steft'es,  John 567 

Stift,  John 567 

Smith,  Frank 570 

Sevlan,  Robt.  J 572 

Seavy,  Thomas  H 572 

Scanlan,  John —  576 

Sullivan,  John  E 576 

Sauer,  Wm 576 

Trafalgar, 20 

Tecumseh, 24,27,  32 

Turtle,  Little 33 

To-pe-nee-bee 33 

Tracy,  Capt 9,  68 

Temple,  J.  T 43 

Taylor,  Chas.  M 82,  117 

Thompson, 86 

Tenbroeck,  N.  S 90 

Throop.C.  P 91 

Tuttle,  Frederick 95,  99 

Tenbroeck,  Wm ii7,  117 

Turtle,  Wm__99,  100,101,  112,  118 

Titsworth,  A.  D 110, 112,  113 

Taylor,  Benj.  F 123 

Taylor,Geo 127 

Talcott,  Mancel 184.137,  140 

Tegtmeyer,  C 145 

Thieme,  R 145 

Torrence,  Gen.  Jos.  T-l'/0, 194,  196 

Twohy,  Mathew 175,  218 

Tyler,  Prof 187 

Tobey,Capt ....190,  194 

Taylor,  Fitch  A 199,422,  477 

Ihorp,  Wm.  B 379 

Tyrrell,  Frank  P 294,  321 

Turney,  Dennis  T 295 

Tuley,  Judge 354 

Taylor.Billy 356 

Tolquiss, -  ^   Ho!! 

Turner.  Wm.  E 39(1 

Tyrrell,  Patrick  1> 392 


Page 

Thomas,  C.  W 449 

Talbot,  John  N 450 

Tirado,  Jos.  H 450 

Troy,  J.  T 450 

Thompson,  Burton  E 450 

Trenlieb,  Peter 477 

Tierney,D.  F 477 

Talbot,  Edward  J 483 

Thompson,  Severin  C 488 

Toouey,  John  A 496 

Treharne,  Thomas  L 501 

Thomas,  Henry 501 

Toolan,  Charles  S 617 

Tyrell,  Frank  P 532 

Tamillo,  Jacob 552 

Thalstrom,  Frank  J 576 

Taylor,  Wm 492 

Upton,  Geo.  P.... 124 

Uhrig,  John 532 

Van  Voorhees,  D 26.  35 

Vallender,  A 91 

Van  Buren,  Evert 100 

Von  Hollan,  Geo 100,  14">,  146 

Vocke,  William ..101,  112 

Voss,  Amo 145 

Veasy,  Lieut 170,  204 

Vogtik,  John 276,  191 

Van  Pelt,  Loring  J 453.  458 

Vallee,  Eugene 497 

Vinlove,  Petere 507 

Vain,  John  B 536 

White, .26,28,  0 

Wells,  Capt 33,  34.  35 

Wayne,  Gen ;:J3 

Winnemac 36 

Wau-bau-see 36 

Whistler.Capt.  John--7,  9,  16.  :« 

Whistler,  William 7 

Whistler,  Mrs.  Col.  W.  A 16 

Walker,  Jesse 40 

Wentworth,  Elijah 41 

Walcott,  Dr ..41.  49 

Walker,Jas 49 

Wooley,  Jediah 49 

Williams,  Eli  B 51,  52 

Weiseucraf  t,  Wm 57 

Wood,  Daniel  T 58,  62 

Willick,  J.  E 58 

Wells,  W.  H 58 

Walsh, 60 

Wheeler.  A.  B 60,  62 

AVii,'littv.an.  R.  V..__ 61,  62 

AVhistler.  Major 61 

Wilson.  Wm.  Duane 61 


INDEX. 


.jU5 


Page 
Wilson,  R.L 62 

Wilson,  C.  L...- 62 

Wilsou,  Hon.  Kobt.  S 62 

Walters, 75 

Williiuns,  J.  H 75,  90,  92,  117 

Wentwortli,  John -.80,  82,  84, 

88,  92,  95,  98,  101,  116 

Wigt,'ius,Wm 81,  117 

Waruor.  Chas- 89,    91 

Williams,  Asa 90,  107,    369 

Wood,  H 91 

West,  O.  S -     91 

Welch,  P 91 

Wagner,  A __.     91 

Ward,  a 91,  191 

Wallace,  Wm 92 

Wayman,  Wm 95,    99 

Williams,  Isaac 97,  369 

Wall,John 97 

Walsh,  Chas 101 

Ward,  Cant  Wm-  -204,  211,  222, 

229  294,  310,  312,  313,  319 

Woods,  Edward 120,  124 

Wilkie,  Franc 123 

Wilsou,  Chas.  F 123 

Williams,  Capt 129 

Washburn,  Elmer 138,  142, 

146,  156,  190,  355,  369 

Wriffht,  L.P 141 

Wallace,  M.  E.  M 145,  146 

Wadsworth,  Phillip 146 

Wilder,  A.  G 187 

Welche,  Julius 189 

Welter, Dominick.215, 216, 221,  229 

Welch,  Edmund 218 

Wright,  Clarence  E 218,  408 

Weber,  Jno.  A 248,  294,  477 

Wright,  Hendrick  B- -  254 

West,  Officer 274 

Walsh,  Robt.  J-- 275,  295,  313 

Weiskopf, 287 

Wilson,  James  H 294,320,  532 

Wesler,  John 294,  313 

Whitney,  Chas.  J 295,  322 

Walters,  Gustave  A 295 

Wilson,  Matthew 295 

Walsh,  Michael 295,  536,  573 

Weineke,  Henry 295 

Ward,  E.P 113,  123 

Worth,  Clara  T 360 

West,  J.  J 329 


Page 

Whalen,  Michael 366,  393 

Wiley,  James 389 

Wood,  Stephen  B.-. 389 

Wheeler,  •  John 411,  437 

Wheeler,  Morris 426 

West,  Jacob  A--.. 429 

Walton,  Marshall  N 439 

Wilkinson,  Usher  li 4.50 

Ward,  Patrick  J .'. 477 

Wathier,  John  B 477 

Wasmund,  Chas.  W 477 

Walper,  Henry 477 

Ward,  H.  R 483 

Walner,  JohnG 483 

Walsh,  Patrick 483,  549 

white,   Michael 483 

Weber,  Augustas  J 488 

Wolf,  Joseph 497 

Wilks,  Chas.  G 497 

Walsh,  Thomas  R 504 

Watson,  Edward 515 

Walsh,  John  J 517 

Walsh,  Robt.  J 532 

Wolter,  GustavA 532 

Wiley,  Patrick 532 

Wilson,  Mathew 532 

Wessler,  John  W 533 

Whitney,  Chas.  W 536 

Williams,Ben 536 

Wieneke,  Henry  J 549 

Wellman,   Frank 549 

Wesolek,  Frank 550 

Waage,   John 550 

Walsh,  Thomas  E 553 

Wheadon,  Milo  M 558 

Wendt,  Chas.  F 559 

Whalen,  Michael 567 

Welter,  Peter 567 

Williams,  Gustav 567 

Wood,Levi 573 

Yates,  B.  C 75,  81,    87 

Yates,  Richard 94 

Yattaw,  Black  Jack 105 

Yelveson,  "Major" 109 

Young,  Nathan  J.. ..448,  573 

Zugenmeyer, 189 

Zimmick,  Officer 275,  511 

Zimmermann,  August  L 516 


B1?S^ 


TO     THE 


POLIBEMEN'S  BENEVOLENT  ASSOCIATION. 


BURLINGTON  WOOLEN  CO.'S 

STANDARD  POLICE  CLOTHS 

ALSO  RAILROAD.  MILITARY  and  OTHER  UNIFORM  CLOTHS. 

USED  BY  THE  CHICAGO  POLICE 

And  Many  Other  Large  Police  Departments  Throughout  the  Country. 


TKCESE  a-OOIDS  :F'0X2, 


Beauty  of  Colori^i^General  Wearing  Qualities 

ARE  UNEQUALLED 

SAWYER,  BURT  &  MANNING,  Agts., 

86  FRANKL.IN  ST.,  WEW  YORK, 
68  CHAIJNCEY  ST.,  BOSTON. 


8.  H.  Sweet. 
W.  Dempsteb. 


C.  Hutchinson. 
A.  W.  Mitchell. 


HATS, 
CAPS, 
FURS. 

STRAW  GOODS, 

Buck  Gloves, 

MITTENS.   ETC, 

216  and  218  MONROE  ST.. 
CHICAGO. 


Established  1864. 


A.  B.  FIEDLER  &  SONS 

(INCORPORATED.) 

Manufacturers  and  Importers  of 

DRESS  AND  CLOAK 

TRIMMINGS. 


18  3-185-187    Fifth     Avenue, 

CHICAGO. 


PINKERTON  pf  GO'S 
United  States 

Detective  Agency 

5,  204,  204^  and  206  CLARK  ST. 

— ■ •-•-• 

Uniformed  police  furnished  night  and  day.  Detec- 
tive business  transacted  in  all  parts  of  the  Globe. 
We  aim  to  please  in  price  and  work. 

telephone  no.   1071. 

JAMES  MOONEY,  T.  E.  LONERGAN, 

JOHN  BOLAND.  Gen'l  Sup't 


The  Mooney  &  Bolapd  Detective  Agency 

Calls  your  attention  to  its 

"CrrLeq.TjLa.led.  :E^a.cilitie!3, 

And  solicits  your  Orders 

When  in  Need  of  DETECTIVE  SERVICE. 

Chicaqo:      New  York:      Philadelphia:      Kansas  City: 

151  Monroe  St.,  132  Broadway,  302  Chestnut  St„        Sixth  &  Main  Sts., 

W.  J.  Sutherland,  Sup't.       liobt.  Ferns,  Siipt.  J.  If.  Jenkx,  Jup'l.        C.  Jfooriei/,  Su,-)'t. 


^ 


The^Fair. 


5tate.9  /)da/T\8-9  Dearborp^ts. 


Xls.^XJE^^s   lOiT 


G)Mer^eriANDi§G.G) 

6;!;    H=    H=    *    *  — ^ 

*    *    *    *  /^J 


Largest  Cash  Store  in  the  United  States. 


0.  M.  Mkm  (S  Co., 


Manufacturers  of 


BOOTS  ^"o  SHOES. 


RUBBER   AGENTS. 

SALESROOMS: 
Corner   ADAMS    AND    MARKET  STS., 

CHICAGO. 


I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I  I  I  I  I  I  I   I  I  I  I 


^{\z,  §)c]iwah  ^  @D. 


CHICAGO. 

The    Liargrest    Manufacturers     of 
Fine  and  of  Medium  Priced 


^001^: 


>h 


00S 


IN    AMERICA. 


All  Goods  Warranted, 
and  comlDine  Style  with 
Quality  and  Comfort. 
I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I 


Are  endorsed  by  the  following  distinguished  Masters  of  Europe  and  America: 

Dr.  FI{AN/   LISZr.  tlu>  K'reatost  livirif;  Pianist. 

JOHANN  STRAUSS,  tho  "W.-iltz  Kins." 

FKANZ  XUT.  the  iiuiiicntdcrinan  Song-Writer. 

H.  COXRAl)  SniLKlMTZ,  i'rcsidont  Lciijsis  Conservatory  of  Music. 

PROF.  K.  FR.  KlCHrKli,  Author  of  'Riclilcr's  Harmony." 

JOSEPH  JOAClini.tlu'-r.jit.-st  livini;  Vi(iliuist. 

H.  SARO,  Jjeailerof  tin- Prnssiai,  Royal  Rand. 

M.  PAULUS.  L  aderof  the  Frencli  Band. 

Dr.  THEODORE  KULLAK,  Court  Pianist. 

Space  admits  of  but  few  of  the  most  prominent  American  Artists: 

WM.  MASON,  the  eminent  Pianist. 
P.  S.  GILMORE,  Dirretor  antl  Composer. 
GEO.  W.  :\lOR(iAN,  [j.ailint:  Organist  of  America. 
SOI'HIK  FLORA  HEILRORN.  "Queen  of  Pianists." 
CARL  ZERAHN.  the  popnlar  Conductor,  Boston. 
Dr.  F.  ZIEOFELD,  President  Chicago  Musical  College. 
ROBERT  GOLDBECK,  the  eminent  Pianist. 
These  Pianos  and  those  ot  other  i^tandaiMl  Makers  can  be  seen  at 
the  ^Vareroonis  of 

W.W.  KIMBALL  CO..  Cor.  State  &  Jackson  Sts. 


DRY  GOODS,  CARPETS,  FANCY  GOODS 

AND     GENERAL    MERCHANDISE 
AT  LOWEST  PRICES. 

DAVIS  &  MORSE  CO.,  State  &  VanBuren  Sts. 

Larson,  pirie,  scott  s  co.,0 


Madison  and  Franklin  St? 


NEW  YORK,  115  Worth  St. 
MANCHESTER,  66  Faulkner  St. 
CHEMNITZ,  28  Becker  St. 


CHICAGO. 


>BRINK'S< 

Cticago  C'ty   Express  C«. 

Packages,  10c.    Trunks.  25c. 
Tel.  1754, 314  L.a»i»alle  iiitree 

Tel.  5506.  61  Washington  St. 

A.  P.  BRINK,  Treas.  and  Supt 

J  314  lia^alle  i^treet.  Cor.  Adams. 
.1(9  State  Street.  N.  E.  Cor.  Randolph. 
61  W^ashington  Street. 


J.  L.  Campbell.     F.  W.  Campbell,  Notary  Public. 


Caniptiell  Bros,, 

l^eal  Estate, 

1^0  l^ad-ison.  Street, 

CHICAGO,      ILL. 


L.  MANASSE, 


OPTICIAN, 


88   MADISON    STREET,  TRIBUNE    BUILDING, 

Importer    and     Manufacturer    of     Opera     and     Field     Glasses,      Micro- 
scopes, Telescopes,  Baromet-rs,    TUerroometers,    Mathematical 
and  Surveying  Instruments,  Magic  Lanterns,  Vievrs,  Etc. 


Spectacles  and 
Eye  -  Glasses  of 
every  Descrip- 
tion. Artificial  Hu- 


man Eyes.  Illus- 
^ja  trated  Catalogue 
^j^^on  application. 


cSz:    TTv^IILiSOl^'S 


COLLARS   AND   CUFFS. 


Best  Made  Anywhere. 


One  Price  Everywhere. 


Abraham  Eah.  Adolph  Nathan. 

8.  M.  Fischer. 

KuH,  Nathan  &  Fischer, 

Manufacturers  of 

CLOTHING^ 

And  Jobbers  in  Woolens, 
1 26, 1 28.  1 30  &  1 32  Market  St., 

CHIC.A.C3-0. 

BARBE    BROTHERS, 

Manufacturers  of 

GI^OTHIigG^ 

\QO  Sc   162  Fifth  Ave., 
Betvreen   Madison  and  llonroe, 

CXXICA-O-O. 
HoBBis  Babbe.  Mabtin  Babbe. 

Hirsh,  Elson  &  Co., 

YOUTHS' 

And  Boys'  Clothing. 

160  MARKET  ST., 
Chicago,       -  -        III. 

ElginWatches 


Best  Time  Pieces  in  the  World. 


FOR  SALE  by  all  JEWELERS. 


Leopold  Bros.  &  Co., 

Manufacturers  of 

CLOTHING 

IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES, 

Franklin  &  Quincy  Sts., 
CHICAGO. 


WEAR  THE 

"COON— I- 

-••-BRAND" 

(gon&(g.  OF 

Men's    Linen    Collars  and 
Cuffs. 

IT  IS   U]¥EXCEl>t.EI>. 

JAMES  H.  KICE  CO., 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 
POLISHED.     ROUGH     AND   CRYSTAL 

PLATE  GLASS. 

French    Plate    and   German    Mirrors. 

Also  English,  French  and  American 

Windoiv  Glass. 

1.%  IS.  17  quincy  St.,  CHICAGO. 

Established  1875.       Branch:  309  S.  CLARK  ST. 

LOUIS  WEBER, 

Loan  and  Diamond 

BROKER, 
339,  341  &  343  SOUTH   CLARK  ST., 

Money  Loaned  on  all  Kinds  of  Personal 

Propeity. 
Lowest  Rates.  Business  Confidontial. 


LIAIDIIIEIS 

'   lOV/  ASK  FOR  A 

^  ^  Ludlow^ 


•4^ 


BEST    MADE. 


WHEN  the  history  of  the  Wives, 
Mothers  and  Daughters  of 
our  gallant  Police  Force  is 
written  it  will  show  they  are  unani- 
mous in  the  opinion  that 

Belding's  "Unequaled"  Spool  Silks. 

Belding's  "Superior"  Knitting  Silhs, 
Belding-'s     Embroidery    Silks, 
Are  THE  BEST  in  the  WORLD. 
Sold  by  all  dealers. 


*^  STEWART  *^ 

y^Um  DIAMOND 


STOVES 


RANGES. 


FULLER  &  WARREN  CO. 

MANUFAOTUBEBS  OF 

Stoves,  Ranges 
and  Furnaces, 

56  LAKE  STREET. 

CHICAGO,  IL.L,. 


BASE-BALLSUPPLIES, 
LAWN  TENNIS  AND 
,    ATHLETIC  GOODS. 


lOS     Madison    Street, 
CHICAGO. 

NEW  YORK. 

SEND  FOR  CATALOGUES. 


W.  M.  HoYT  Company, 

Wholesale  Grocers, 

Importers  and  Jobbers  of  Teas, 
Nos.  1,  3.  5,  7  &  9  Michigan  Ave.. 

And  1   to  9  River  Street. 
CHICAGO. 

REID,  MUEDOCD  k  FISCHER, 
Importers  &  Grocers 

Offices  and  Salesroom: 

3  to  13  State  St.,  Cor.  South  Water. 

Warehouses: 

86  to  lOO  illiohigan  Avenue. 

CHICAGO. 


Franklin- 


Mac  Veagh  6s  Co, 

Importers  and  Jobbers  of 

aHOCEEIES, 

Lake  St.  and  Walsasli  Ave. 

ANGLO-AMERICAN 

PROVISION  CO. 

ANGLO-AMERICAN 

REFRIG.CARCO. 

FOWI^ER  BROS. , 

ROOM  60,  BOARD  OF  TRADE, 

CHICAGO. 

E.  BOWMAN,  Pres.  ?  ^,   J      .^ 

J.  R.  BOWMAN,  Sec.  P*^-  ^*'°^''- 

C.  E.  PECK,  V.  Pres.  f  pk;„„„„ 

R.  A.  BOWMAN.  Treas.  J  <^  ^iicago. 

BOWMAN   DAIRY  CO., 

— Distributors  of— 
PITRK  COUXTRY   :fIIL<K. 

68  &  70  North    State   St.,  CHICAGO. 

TELEPHONE  31S7. 
St. Louie  Office,  15th  St.  and  Franklin  Ave. 


JNO.  DEVLIN.  L.  HENELY. 

R.  UASKERVILLE. 

JOHN  DEVLIN  &  CO., 

Wholesale  Grocers, 

34  E.  Kaiidctlph  Street, 

CHICAGO. 

BET.   WABASH  (b  MICHIGAN  AVES. 

SPRAGUE,  WARNER  &  CO., 

IMPORTING,  MANUFACTURING 
AND    J01U5ING 

>  GROGBRS  <=:: 

Randolph  St.  Cor.  Michigan  Ave., 
CHICAGO. 

W.F.M^AUGHLIN&CO., 

"UXIOX  MILLS" 

Coffees,  Teas,  Spices, 

BAKING   POWDER,    CREAM 
TARTAR,  DRY  AND  PRE- 
PARED MUSTARD. 
Hit,  HA,  Hi*  &  88  South  IVaterSt., 

CHICAGO. 


Geo.  p.  Bkaun. 


L.  E.  FiTTS. 


BRAUN  &  FITTS, 

Manufacturers  of 

OLEOMARdARINE, 

229  South  Water  St., 

Factory  Xo.6  First  District  111., 

CHICAGO. 


Magic  Yeast- 

KEEPS  GOOD  ONE  YEAR. 

QUICKEST  AND  BEST. 

^^All  Grocers  sell  it. 

E.  W.  GILLETT,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

45 


Jamos  A.  Mnrphy.     A.lolph  J.  Lichtetern, 
Manager. 

JAMES  A.  MURPHY  &  CO., 

Commission  Merchants, 

STOCK  BROKERS  AND  DEALERS. 

ixrain.    Provisions,    stocks  and 
Bonds. 

1 32  Adams  St.,    -     CHICAGO. 

H.  C'Hank"  Mallory.    Chas.  A.  Mallory. 

—(Established  1862.)  — 

LIVE  STOCK  COMMISSION. 

Rooms  113-115  Exchange  BIdg., 
Union  Stock  Yards, 

CUXC-A-O-O,  IXjIjIOiTOIS- 


H.  C.  Ingwersen. 


C.  H.  Ingwersen. 


ING^VERSEX  BR08., 

LIVE  STOCK 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS, 

Room  43,  Exchange  BIdg., 
UNION    STOCK     YARDS, 

CHICAGO. 


FLEMING&  BOYDEN 
COMMISSION  MERCHANTS, 

Grain  and  Provisions, 

6  Sherman  Street, 
CHICAGO. 


John  Kinsey. 


V.  D.  Kinsey. 


KINSEY&CO., 

WOOL, 

209    Michigan   Street, 
CHICAGO. 

Reference:  First  National  Bank  of  Chicago. 


S.  E.  Wood. 

E.  A.  Wood. 


Jas.  Wood. 

U.  Nash. 


WOOD  BROTHERS, 

Commission  Merchants 

For  the  sale  of  all  kinds  of 
address: 

UNION    STOCK    YARDS,   CHICAGO. 

Telephone  No.  9548. 

G.  W.  SHANNON.    O.  -T.  SHANNON. 
T.  G.  GETTY. 

SHANNON  BROS.  &  CO., 

XjITT-E  stoc^ 

Coi»ii!ai!!»!!^ioiv   Merchants, 

Rooms  1 27- 1 29  Exchange  BIdg., 

UNION  STOCK  YARDS.    CHICAC^O. 

REFERENCES: 
Third  National  Banl<,         -         Rochford,  Ills. 
Second  National  Bank,  -        -    Rochford,  Ills. 
Rochford  National  Bank,  -      -  Rockford,  Ills. 
Union  Stock  Yards  National  Bank,  -  Chicago. 


Established  1871. 


Telephone  1058. 


GEO.  IfllDDENDOBF, 

General  Produce 

QOMMISSION 

MERCHANT. 

Specialties,   Butter,  Eggs,  Poultry,  Game, 

Veal,  Dressed  Hogs,  etc.,  and  Jobbers 

in  Potatoes,  Apples  and  Vegetables. 

14S-1  ."iO  S.  IVater  St..  CHICAGO. 

_  Ref(T  to_  First  National  Bank. 
Refrigerator  in  ( 'onnection  with  Above. 


L.Everingham&Co. 


H.  T.  Thompson. 


H.  T.  Fry. 


H.  T.  THOMPSON  «  CO., 

Wool    Commission, 

No.  201  to  209  Michigan  St., 
CHICAGO. 


DOLE  &  CO., 

Grain  Elevators 

Room  18,  205  LaSalle  St., 

CI2XC-^3-0- 

POPE  S  LEWIS, 

COMMISSION, 

ROOM  1,34  PACIFIC  AVE. 

V  H  I  C  A  Cw  O . 


CENTRAL 

ELEVATOR  CO., 

FOOT  SOUTH  WATER  ST., 

CHI€  AOO. 

George  L-  Dunlap, 

GRAIN 
ELEVATOR. 

C.  B.  HOLMES, 


0 


LIBBY,  McNeil 

8b  LIBBY, 

Packers 

CHICAGO. 


G.  F.  Swift,  prest.        L.  F,  Swift,  treas. 
E.  ('.  Swift.  V.  prest.     D.  E.  Hart  well,  soc. 

»\VIFT  &  COMPANY, 

lucorporattnl  April  1st,  ls8.'j. 

DEAI.EKS  IN 

CATTLE,  SHEEP  £  HOGS 

AND  SHIPPERS  OF 

DRESSED  BEEF,  MUTTON  &  PORK. 
74  Kxohange  Ituildiii;;, 

Union  Stocls:  Yards,  Chicago,  111. 

Telephone  958.5. 


S.  W.  Allebton,  President. 

J.  B.  Robertson,  Treas. 

THE  ALLERTON^ 
^^PACKING  CO. 

ROOM  31  PARKER  BUILDING, 
6  &  8  Sherman  SL 

AHMOUB.  &    Co., 
PACKERS 

Jobbers    of    Provisions, 
CHICAGO. 

■^CHICAGO^ 

Puliing  and  Pronsioii  Z^., 

218  LASALLE  ST. 


Gi:0.    M.    CL-ARSi    &    CO., 

Manufacturers  of 

VAPOR  STOVES, 

Kailroad  Cah  Lamps  and 
Lantekns, 

GEO.  M.  CI^ARK,  President. 

II.  M.   HXJUIIAKO.  sitc'y  &.  Treag. 
J.  BEXNETT  \VAl.L,ACE,  Sup'r. 

157  Si  159  Superior  St.,  Chicago. 

W.  C.  RITCHIE  &  CO., 

Paper  Sosss  null  Fapsr  Cans, 

152-155  Michiga  nAv., 


Chas.  Fitz  Simons,  President. 

C.  J.  CoNNELL,  Vice-President. 

The  fitz  Simons  ^  Connell  Qo. 

CONTRACTORS  FOR 

Dredging,  Foundations.  Docking, 

Canals,  Railroads,  Etc. 

And  Dealers  in  Pine  and  Oak  Timber. 

Office— Kooms  1  A;  2,  Hibley  Building, 
2  &  4  North  Clark  St.  Yards  and  Saw-Mill 
— North  Pier,  ft.  of  Michigan  St.,  Chicago. 


GRAY,  KINGMAN  &  COLLINS, 
> CROGERS  < 

45,  47  &,  49  Randolph  Street, 

CIXICJ-A-O-O. 


Moses  W.  Gray. 
Chas.  H.  Kingmin. 


William  A.  Collins. 

Franklin    D.  Gray, 

[Special. 


NORMAN  B.  REAM. 


C.  F.  Love.  C.  B.  Ayebs, 

C.F.LOVE  &C0., 

FRUIT  AND   PRODUCE 

CoiiiiDission  Morckiofc, 

89  S.  Water  St.,  Chicago. 

References,  Nat.  Bank  of  Illinois.     R.  G.  Dun  k  Co. 

J.  C.  Anderson,  Pres.  and  Gen'l  Manager. 

S.  R.  Bingham,  Vice- Pres. 

M.  C.  SPRiNiiEH,  Sec'y  and  Treas. 

Qhicago  /\n(Ierson   pressed  grick 

COMPANY, 

Mannfactnrers  of  Plain,  Ornamental  and 
Obsidian  FINEPKESSEU  BUlLDlN(i 
HlUCK,uuderi)atent8of  J.  C.  Anderson. 

Office:  189  LaSalle  St..  Chicago. 

Works:  Elston  Ave.,  Asylum  Place  and 
Nortli  Branch.  Telephone  Nos.  Office, 
438;  Works,  43r)8. 

(Established  1848.) 


A.  P.  CALLAHAN,   Business  Manager^ 


DRUSSING  VINEGAR 

I  COMPANY  11 

Largest  Vinegar  Works  in  the  World. 

All  Goods  warranted  PURE  and 

to  preserve  Pickles. 

Office,  2407  La  Salle  St.,   CHICAGO. 

Phoenix  Building, 

128  to  U6  JACKSON  ST. 

Absolutely  Fire  Proof  and  the 
Best  Equipped  Office  Building  in 
the  West. 

J.  W.  CARRINGTON.  JR..  Agent. 


KINSLEY'S^ 


-CHICAGO. 


The  Most  Complete  Restaurant 
and  Catering  Establishment  in  America. 


GEORGE   MrDERMOTT, 

Practical  Shoer, 

All  Disi'iises  of  the  Fpct  successfully 
treated. 

3123  S.  Halsted  St. 

Near  Thirty-first  St.  CHI  C  AGO. 

Established  1862. 

^^HELAN  &   SONS 

HORSE  SHOERS, 

451  S.  Halsted  St..  Near  Cor.  12th. 

Horses  entrusted  to  our  care  shod  without 
abuse.    All  work  warranted. 

MICHAEL  O'CONNELL, 

Practical  Horse  Shoer 

537  S.  Halsted  St., 

Bet.  Maxwell  A  Liberty,       CHICAGO. 
ReHideiioe  300  14tli  St.. 

Bet.  Newberry  &  Johnson. 

Horse  Shoeing  done  in  tlie  best  manner 

and  at  short  notice. 

GEO.   A.    ELTON 

Tj  3sr  3D  e:  I^  T  ^^  Id  E I^, 

28  Third  Ave.  and  2118  Wabash  Ave. 
Funeral   Appointments   Unsurpassed. 

Not  bein^  a  member  of  "the  ring"  whose 
na^-thods  were  recently  ventilated  bv  the 
pres«,  my  charges  are  based  on  right  and 
reason. 

Siiccial  Terms  made  to  Societies  and  Benevo' 
Imt  Organizations. 


JORDAN'S 

TTNDERTAKINf; 

U  Establishment.  U 


JOHN  S.  COOPER, 

COMMISSION  SALESMAN  OF 

Horses  and  Mules, 

Union  Stock  Yards  Sale  Stables. 

CHAS.  GEE.  JOHN  GEE. 

GEE    BROTHERS, 
T  :E3  -^  3M:  I  ONT  C3r. 

OlfK-e.  ^04Kiii/:ie  Street, 

CHICAGO. 

Furniture    Moved     M'ith    €are. 

TELEPHONE  3157. 


Joseph  Listee, 


Manufacturer  of 


Ground  Bone  and  Bone  Chareoal, 
Cor.  Elsion  &  Fullerton  Aves., 

Telephone  Call  4301.  CH ICACO. 

3^9  QKd  3^1  §t5  Q^®- 

JOS.  STOCKTON  «  CO. 

Fwwartliii?:  aiii  Transfer  Co. 


ROOM  414.  218  LA  SALLE  ST., 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 
Telephone  11!*4. 


JOSEPH  &  FISH, 

I  55  State  Street, 

Importers  of  Dianiouds  and  Precious  Stones. 

WATCHES. 

The  iiiONt  exclusive  line  of 
■'NOVELTIES"  IN  GOLD,  SILVER  AND 

DIAMOND  JEWELRY. 
JOi^EPlI  A  Flistll.  lo.>  i^tate  St. 


Ghas.  K.  Giles, 

President. 


J.  V.  Ridgway, 

Secretary. 


GILES  BRO.  &  CO., 

WHOLESALE 

AND  DIAMOND  MERCHANTS, 
State  and  Washington  Sts., 

General   Selling   Agents,    Anti-Magnetic 
Shield  and  Watch  Case  Co. 

R.DEIMEL&BROS. 

Manufacturers  of 

Parlor  Furniture, 

381.  383,  385  &  387  Wabash  Ave., 
CHICAGO. 

JAS.  H.Walker 
&  Co. 

WABASH  AVE.  AP  ADAMS  ST., 
CHICAGO. 

AUGUST  F.  RICHTER, 
MoULDiWCg 

42   E.  HI  RON  ST., 

CHICAGO. 


Direct  Importers  of 

DIAMONDS, 

Novelties  in  Watches,  Jewelry,  Etc., 
STATE     «Sl     MADISON     STS. 

SHROUDS,  STOREY 

&  KASPER, 

DI/inO|NlD5 

And  Watches, 
iState   and  Randolph  Sts» 

Established  1857. 
J.  B.  CHAMBERS  &  CO., 

"Watches,  Diamonds, 

Jewelry,  Etc. 

CLARK   AND   MADISON   STS. 

MOWGOMERY  WARD  &  CO., 

Ill  to  114  Michigan  Ave., 

CHIC  AOO. 

The  Origin  a  f  Wfiolesale  Granger 
SUPPL  Y  HOUSE. 

R.  H.  SANRORN  &  CO., 

143   FIFTH   AVE. 


-i-CELLULOID-4-   . 

COLLARS  &  CUFFS. 

Use  None  But  The  Genuine. 


FINE  CARRIAGES, 

And  Sleighs, 


^: 


HARNESS  AND  SLEIGH  BELLS, 


Robes  and  Horse  Clothing, 

STUDEBAKER  BROS.  MFG.  CO., 

CHICAGO,  ILL.,  tr.  S.  A. 

National  |ube  Works  Co., 


manufacturers  of 


WROUGHT  IRON  PIPE, 

BOILER    TUBES, 

Casing',    Hlalamine,    Asphalted, 
Black  or  G-alvanized. 

* DEALERS     IN * 

BRASS  AND  IRON  FITTINGS 
Of  All    Kinds. 

CLINTON,  CORNER  FULTON. 


ROCKWELL  KING,  Prest.        C.  R.  GRIFFITH,  JR.,  See'y.        JOHN  W.  ANDREWS,  Treas. 

fHi  mm  I  AiiBiws  m., 
IRON  FOUNDERS, 

Foundry  and  Office,  218  to  222  North  Union  St.. 

OZEIIC-^a-O,     ILL. 

Manufacturers  of 

Solid  Eye  Ssish  Weights  aud  Special  Castings  of  all  Kinds. 

— ■<(((SPECIALTIES  :)»>- — 

ELEVATOR  WEIGHTS.    SASH  WEIGHTS.    HORSE  WEIGHTS.    POST  MAULS.    WASHERS 

DU.MB  BELLS.      FOLDIXCi  BED  WEIGHTS. 

LEAD  WEIGHTS,  ANY  SIZE  OE  SHAPE  MADE  TO  ORDER. 

TELEPHONE  NO.  4265. 

Worthwestern  Dental  Infirmary, 

DR.  H.  C.  MAGNUSSON,  Pres. 
CHICAGO   OPERA   HOUSE   BUILDING, 

Corner  Clark  and  AVasliins.-f on  Sts., 
Comer  Rooms.       Entrance,  112  Clark  Street.       One  Flight  Up.       Room  210. 

TEETH    EXTRACTED    FREE   OF  CHARGE. 

GOLD  AND  ALL  OTHER  FILLINGS  FREE 
(Only  a  small  charge  being  made  for  material.) 

Ar.1.   KIRTDsi   OF   ARTIFICIAL.   TEETH    I>IADE    FREE 

(Only  a  small  charge  being  made  for  material.) 

BRADBURY  BROTHERS, 

Book  #  Job  Printers, 

76,  78,  80  &  82  Fifth  Ave.,  Chicago. 


oorhead,  i     TiiKAL,sTo\jiF«.('o., 

McCleane  Co.  Pa'"t*  Color  Makers. 


IRON  AND  STEEL, 

16  W.  Lake  Street,  Chicago. 


fstablished  1859. 


Incorporated  1877. 


A.  PLAMONDON 
[Manufacturing  C^- 

Nliat'tiii;;.  Piilli'ys.  Haiiscrs. 

C'oiipliii;;^.      llartiiiio      1Io1«I<mI. 

iiJcariny;,  lite,    l-'loiir  .Hill,  4> rain 

Klovator.    I>iwtillri'.v.  Itr«'^ver.v 

and  .Halt  Houmo  .llachiii<'r.v. 

57  to  67  S.  Clinton  Street.  Chicago. 

A.  Plamondon.  Pres.       C.  A.  Plamondon,  Supt. 
George  Plamondon,  Sec'y  and  Tteis. 

M.  W.  POWELI.  &  CO. 

Originally 

(Barrett,   Arnold  &   Powell.) 

Felt,  Composition  and  firavel,  .\ctinolite, 

Tile,  Asphalt,  Pine  Tar  and  Concrete 

=»  ROOFING  <= 

General  Office:    175  La  Salle  Street. 

Warehouse  &  Yard:  18  A;20  Fourtli  Av. 

Telephone  No.  364.  CHICAGO. 


J.  J.  MURRAY  &  go., 


01 


E 


109  PULTON  STREET. 


U.  Caapbell,       A.  Campbell,         E.  T.  Jacobs 
Pres.       Vice-Pres.  &  Supt.    Sec.&Treas. 

The  Campbell  Bros.  M'r'g  Co., 

Oa,rperLters,f*^B-u.ild.ers, 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

Fins  Issile  Finish  for  Essidenco:, 
STAIRS,      SASH,      DOORS,      BLINDS, 

"Vf'iilriings,  Balusters,  Etc.,  also 
Dresshuj,  Matching,  Iie-Sawi»a,     Turtiiiig, 

/Scroll  SarpiiKj,  Etc. 
E:s-tir23.s,tae  S'roixiLi^ticy-  Z^-ui.x3:iisl:.e(3. 

S.W.  COR.  OHIO  &,  FRANKLIN  STS.. 
Telephone  No.  3012.  Chicago,  111. 


21-2  RANDOLPH  ST. 

FAC'TOIIIKS: 

Wade,  Currier  and  Crittenden  Sts. 

Established  1868. 

A.    LIEBERMAN, 

WUOLES.VLK 

SCRAP    IRON, 

-Metals  and  .Machinery, 

Nos.  1455-1459  and 
Closed  1501-1507  Stalest. 

Saturdays.    CHICAGO. 

Telephone  No.  8258. 

^^|;fs3feTHE  American  Cycles 

5^XTI"^\Descriptive  Catalogue 
ON  Application. 

GORMULLYaJEFEERY 

aK^^'  VV  Chicago,  III. 
s\  ^^cts  i^  The  Largest  Manufacturers  in  America. 


W.  E.HALE  &  CO. 

— Manufacturers  of — 
HALE'S   STANDARD 

Hydraulic  Elevators, 

187  &,  189  La  Salle  St., 
Caloinet  Building.  CHICAGO. 


JOSEPH  RATHBORNE  &  CO. 

—WHOLESALE- 

Illinois  Central  R.  R.  Pier  No.  2. 
FOOT  OF  RAXDOLPH   ST., 


V 


C.  H.  GURNEY  &  Co., 

Steel,  Heavy  Hardware, 
Railway,  Machinists' 

and  Mining  Supplies, 


247  &,  249  Lake  St., 

and  7  &  9  Market  St., 

CHICAGO. 

Nor  til-  Western 

Iron  and  Metal  €o., 

Successors  to 
<   Chioaoo  Iron  and  Metal  Co.    I 
I  Katlinsky,Farber&Le vine,  Props.  S 

SCRAP  IROi\,mEL  AM*  METALS 

ay«  to  278  W.  Clinton  St., 
Telephone  4086.  C  H IC  AGO. 

^Sard9(5o. 

38  to  40  Lake  Street. 
DIAMOND 

PROSPECTING  CO. 

22  W.  Lake  St.,  CHICAGO. 

GENEHAL  AQKNTS  FOR  THE 

Sullivan  Diamond  Prospecting  Drills, 

CONTRACTORS     FOR 

Diamond    Drill    Prosppctinpr,     Drilling 
Artesian    Wells,   Etc. 

F.    K.  COPELAND,    Secretary. 


TheA.M.DOLPHCO. 

Cincinnati  and  Chicago. 

Laundry  Machinery 

AND  SUPPLIES. 

GEO.  W.  GORDON,   Manager, 

lifAA  \Vasliiii;;ton  Street, 

ClXIC-ft-O-O- 


S.  D.  KIMBARK, 

—  Dealers  in  — 

Iron,  Steel,  XaiLs,  Ueav^ 
Hardware, 

CAKUIAGE  IIAltDWAUE, 

Tl{IMMIiN(;S  and 

WOOD  MATERIAL, 

Michigan  Ave.  &  Lake  Street, 

PARKHLRST  &  WILKINSON, 

Iron,  Steel, 


Heavy  Hardware, 

Wagon  and  (Carriage  Wood  8tock  and 
TriiuLuings. 

Nos.  142  to  164  Kinzie  Street, 
CHICAGO. 

KELLEY,  MAUS  &  CO., 

Iron.  Steeljails, 

Heavy  Hardware, 

Wagon  and  Carriage    Hardware,    Wood 

Stock,     Carriage    Trimmings, 

Blacksmitiis'  Supplies,  Etc. 

f84  to    190  Lake  Street, 
CHICAGO. 


-Established  1865.- 


•^tS'         Manufacturing  Co., 

Manufacturers  of 

PLUMBING    GOODS 

EXCLUSIVELY. 

93-111  West  Lake  St..  CHICAGO. 

—(Established  1859.)— 

T.W.Wilmarth&Co.. 

Successors  to  H.  M.  WILMAKTH 
&  HUOTHEH, 

Gas  F  i  xtu  res. 

225-227  state  St.,  CHICAGO. 

Special    Designs  Furnished.    Old    Iron, 
Brass   and    Hammered    Metal,    And- 
irons, Fenders,  Agents  for  Mitch- 
ell, Vance  &  Co.'s  Gas  Logs, Etc. 


Henry  R.  Worthingtoi?, 

New  York.     Establisl  ed  1845.     London. 

Steaam  :E=-a.mps, 
POWER  PUMPS 

FOR    EVERY  SERVICE. 

WATER     METERS. 

Chicago  Branch, 

NO.    95    LAKE    STREET. 


Maiuif.icluicr  of 

GALVANIZED      IRON     COENICES, 

Mouldines,  Brackets,  Modillion,  Window 
Caps,   Dormer  Windows,    Ventilating   Fire- 
Proof  Skylights,  Pinnaces  and  Towers 
for  Cliiirclies, 

TIN  AND   SLS.TE  RnOFUNTG, 
129  &  131  N.  Franklin  St.,  'Cor.  Ontario, 

GeneralJobbing  Promptly  Attended  to. 


CHAS.J.LANDQUIST, 

m  MAlilCTlE, 

OFFICE, 
31  Milwaukee  Av. 

Grape  Elevator  Gompany,  <  s.  d.  childs  &  co. 


:  Manufacturers  of : — - 

OFFICES : 
New  York,  40  &  42  Wall  St. 

Pittsburgh,  111  Water  St. 

St.  Louis,  Cor.  5th  &  Chestnut  St. 
Minneapolis,  Lumber  Exchange  Bldg. 

Kansas  City,  Beal's  Building. 


Cla-as.  H.  ^esl^r  <Sc  Co., 

Fiae     Tools,    Minnfacturers'    and     Machinists' 

Hardware,  Seamless  Tubes, 

Sheet  Brass,  Copper  and  Brass  Wire, 

175  &  177  LAKE  ST., 

CHICAGD,  ILL,,  TJ,  S.  A, 


-:  Manufacture : 


Eia-A-SS    SXjIXJIITO-    ^'OXjSSS 

For  Engiue  Houses  a  Specialty. 
^SS^Send  5c  stamp  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

M.  SwAHTS.                             M.  Nathan. 
Established  1871. 

SWARTS  &  XATHAN, 

WHOLESALE 

Scrap  Iron,  Stee/  and  Machinery 

Old  Railway  Material  a  Specialty. 
OFFICE,  557  STATE  STREET, 

Yards,  547,  549,  551,  553,  555  and  557 

State  Street. 

Telephone  No.  382.  C  H I C AGO . 


Police  4"  Stars,  ^  Badges, 

Wreaths,  Letters,  &c. 

163  Dearborn  St.,  Cblcago. 

THE   MCEWEN 

luildingil*  jj|anufaditrlnig  m. 

WORKS : 

243  to  251   Wells  Street, 

CHICS -A.QO, 


E.  W.  Blatchford. 


N.  H.  Blatchford. 


E.W.  Blatchford  &  Co. 

Liead  ami  Tin  l'ip<s 

Sheet  anil  Bar  Lead. 

Pig  Liead  and  Bioek  Tin^ 
Solder  and  Antiinoii.v. 

L<iii!«eed  Oil  and  Oil  fake, 

70  North  Clinton  St.,  CHICAGO. 


COLLINS 


BURGIE. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


261  to  277   3.    CLINTON    STREET. 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 

J.   T.   RYERSON    &   SON, 

(House  Established  1842.) 

IRON   AND    STEEL, 

18  to  22  Milwaukee  Ave.  and  47  to  53 
North  Clinton  St.,  Chicago.  III. 

Agents  for  Central  Iron  Works  (Chas.  L. 
Bailey  &  Co.),  Harrisburg,  Penn.;  Pine 
Iron  Works(Bailey  &  Shoemaker), Berks 
Co.,  Pa.;  Otis  Iron  and  Steel  Co.,  Cleve- 
land, O.;  (Bnrdcn  Rivets)  Burden  Iron 
Co.,  Troy,  N.  Y.;  (Ulster  Iron),  Wm. 
Mulligan.  New  York,  (Reading  Flues) 
Reading  Iron  Works,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

X^  a.  i  r  "b'a.  n  1^  s' 
STANDAED 


miuEi  mm  i  co., 

Corner   Lake   and    La    Salle  Sts. 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 


G.  \\  FOSTER  SON  &  CO.. 

Manufaelurers  of 

TTru-if or  rr:i  s 

for  all  orgaiiiziitioiis,  Miliiary,  Police.  Fire- 
men, utc.  Sword.s  and  Military  A<coulre- 
nients.  lloadwear,  Kpaidets,  etc.,  in  fact 
everything  pertaining  to   General  Society 

OruanizatiiiMs. 

G.  F.  FOSTER  SON  ^  COJ 

172  Madison  St.,  Chicago. 


John  Davis  &  Co., 


I 

and  everything  pertaining  to  it. 

WroiKjht  Iron  Pipe.      Rridinlnrn.      Fillings, 

M'li/t/iington   Punip-s,  lioileis.  Etc. 

Telephone  3100.        CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Herman  Arnold.  Theodor  Arnold. 

Adolph  Arnold. 

ARNOLD   BROS., 

The  West  Siie  Meit  Market, 

JIanufacturers  of 

145  &  147  West  Randolph  St.,  Chicago,  111. 
Telephone  No.  4287. 

Northwestern  Boiler  Works 

CHRIS.  PFEIFFER,  Prop., 

.   Manufacturer  of 

Steam   Boilers,    Tanks, 

Smoke  Stacks,  Etc. 

Repairing   Promptly   Attended    to. 
64.  Michigan  St.,  CHICAGO,  ILL.' 

lELEPHONE     3100. 

Residence,  70   Lincoln   Avenue. 

:  THE  : 

W.  C.  Mm  Stove  Repair  Co., 

Manufacturer.s  and  .lobbers  in 

STOVE  REPAIRS 

125  to  129  W.  Randolph  St., 

CSSIC-A-O-O. 

Adjualahle  iSiove  Repairs  A  Speciallij. 
4S°"Repair8  for  Over  1.5,000  Different  Stoves. 


H.  S.  Pickands,  \V.  I..  Hn.wn, 

Chicago, 

rickanilf;.  Matlior  i:  Co.,  Cleveland. 

vmmm,  bro\v\  &  co. 

Mnfrs.,  liiipDitt'rs  i.\:  Doalcrw  in 

Pig  Iron  &  Iron  Ore, 

117  l>oarl>orii  !^t., 

Raymond  Lead  Co., 

LAKE  AND  CLINTON   STS. 

SHOT,  LEAD,  PIPE. 

Sheet  Lead,  Etc. 

Established  1854. 

DEVINE'S 

Steam  Boiler  Works, 

383  to  393  S.  CANAL  ST., 
Peter  Devine,  Prop.  CHICAGO. 

Edward  C.  Douglas.         Samuel  T.  Cade. 

DOUGLAS  &  CADE, 

SLATE,  TIN  AND  IRON  ROOFERS, 

Manufactnrprs  of  Galvanized  Iron  Sky- 
lights, Metal  Cornices,  Corrugated  Iron, 
Etc.,  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 
Roofing  Material. 
Prompt  Attention  given  to  Job  Work. 
a70  S.  Ciiiitoii  St.,       CHICAGO. 
Telephone  No.  4743. 

Eastern  Branch,  New  York  City. 

Northwestern  Branch,  Minneapolis. 

LINK  BELT  MACHINERY  CO.. 

Fouiider^ii  and  Machinists. 

Link  Betting  and  Sprocket  Wheels. 

Improved    appliances  for  handling  any 

material  in  bulk  or  packages. 

Oi^^e'ra^^P' to  23  S.Jefferson  St. 
[^!!jiiK^ii^'J    CHICAGO. 


M.C.KILLOCKMFG.CO., 

QiAMOND  Pointed  [^ock  [Jrills.. 

UKMOVKD  MAY  1st,  1sh7,  TO 

Rooms  509-510  Phoenix  BIdg.. Corner 

Clark  and  Jackson  Streets. 

(Opii.isitfCrand  Pacific  Hotel), 
Where    We    Will    He  (ilad    to     See    Onr 

Patrons  jind  Friends. 
Telephone  15i:<  Pha-nix  Hnilding.    Tele- 
phone 7108.  Works:  Lake  St.  and 
Talman  Avenue. 

SCHILLO.CPSSMANNSCO. 

Iron    Founders, 

87  to  95  West  Polk  Street, 

Telephone  No.  4138.  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Heavy  and  Light  Castings,  such  as 
Machinery,  Building  cfe  Bridge  Castings. 

PATTERNS  MADE  TO  ORDER. 

Established  1856. 
AMERICAN  IRON  &  STEEL  WORKS. 


Jones  &  Lauchlins 

Iron,  Steel,  I¥ails,  Spikes, 

Patent  Cold  Rolled  Iron  &  Steel. 
Branch  Office  and  Warehouse, 

Lake  &  Canal  Sts.,  Chicago,  III. 
CRERAR,  ADAMS  &  CO., 

GENERAL 

Railway  Agents, 

AND  MERCHANTS. 
11  &  13  Fifth  Ave.,  and 

205  &  207  South  "Water  St., 

CHICAGO. 

J.  J.  Smith,  Prest.        J.  H.  Davis,  Sec'y. 
P.  S.  Hudson,  V.  Prest.  &  Treas. 

Baker  Ss  Smifh  Co., 

STEAM  AXD   WATER 

HEATING    AND    VENTILATING 

APPARATUS. 
81  &  83  Jackson  St.,   Ohicaero.. 


ft.  T   Crane,  Pres.  C.  R.  Crane,  Vice-Fres. 

£.  Worcester,  Sec'ij.      Wm.  Kerr,  Treas. 

CRANE  BROS. 

Manufacturing  Qo., 

Extahlished  7S.5.5.      Incorporated  1865. 
Manufacturers  of 

CTANDARD  WEIGHT  LAP-WELDED 


W 


ROUGHT  IRON  PIPES  AND 


B 


OILER    FLUES, 


Steam  and  Gas  Fittings,  Brass  and 
Iron  Valves  and  Cocks  for 

Steam  and  Gas  Fitters  and 
Engine  Builders. 

lO  N.   Jefferson  Street, 

CHICAGO. 

17ew  York  Office,  92  Liberty   St. 


COLUMBIA  IRON  FOUNDRY 

—AND— 

Machine  Tool  Works 

Manufacturfrfi  of 
ALL  KINDS  OF  SPECIAL  MACHINERY. 

RAILROAD  and  GENERAL  CASTINGS. 

JOHN  FEATHERSTONE,  Prop. 

Nos.  2  to  .36  Front  St.,  )  chieaeo 

5.5^,  356  *  358  N.  Halsted  St.,  S  ^'^**^^SO- 


Wm.  D.  Gibson. 


Chas.  p.  Parish. 


GIBSON,  PARISH  &,  CO., 

DEALERS  IN 

CABINET  HARDWARE, 

TJpholsterj-     Goofls,     Curtain     Fixtures, 
Curtain  Poles,  Shade  Hardware,  Uphol- 
sterers' Hardware,  Tools  of  all  Kinds, 
Glue  and  Sandpaper.     Manufactur- 
ers  of   all  kinds  of  Stocl  Wire 
Springs,  anil  Dealers  in  Steel 
Spring  Wire. 

iVos.  78  and  HO  Randolph  »$treet. 
CHICAGO. 

New  Yobk  Office:  115  Worth  Street. 


ESTABLISHED  1825.         INOOBPOHATED  1885. 

TheP.HAYDEN 

Saddlery  Hardware  Co. 

Petku  H ayden,  Presidi-nt. 
William  B.  Hayden,  ;  tt-  .^ 

Cotton  H.  Allen,       r    d    '-"i"'    . 
Albert  Hayden,  )    Presidents. 

(Jharles  H.  Hayden,  Sec.  &  Treas. 
Columbus,  O.   St.  Louis,  Mo.  Detroit, 
Mich.  Muskegon,  Mich.  Chicago,  111. 

45  A  47  Lake  »t.,  CHICAGO. 


John  Mohr.                              Joseph  Mohr. 
— -Telephone  3305. 

JohnMohr&Son, 

Boiler  Makers, 

32  to  42  Illinois  St.,  CHICAGO. 

The  Temple  Pump  Co. 


Manufacturers  of 


WOOD 

and 


IRON, 
CHAIN. 


PUMPS, 

1  7  to  27  Meagher  St., 
CHICAGO. 


Macie  d  Soiler  Worh, 

John  Ouhbiiis,  Proprietor. 

Sole  Manufacturer  of 

GDBBINS'  PATENT  DRYING  MACHINES. 

For  Packing  Houses,  Glucose  Works. 

Office  and  Works: 
341  to  347  S.  Canal  Street, 

CHICAGO. 

THOMAS  CONNELLY, 

Manufacturer  and  Dealer  in 

Yitrilied  Sewer  Pipe, 

Chimney    Flues,  Chimney   Tops. 
Drain  Tile.   Cement,  Etc. 

Office  and  Yard: 
}Vos.  15$  to  5iO  Fourth  Avenue, 

Bet.  .Jackson  atid  Van  Buren  Sts., 

Telephone  No.  609.     CH ICACO,  ILL. 


-Esteblished  1828.- 


J.  L  Mott  Iron  Works, 

307  &  309  Wabash  Avenue, 
€H1CA€}0. 

88  and  90  Beekman  Street,  New  York. 


Simonds  Mnfg.  Co., 

Works  at  FlTCHBUlKi,  MA8S.,  and 
COR.  CANAL    &    WASHINGTON   STS., 

THESIMONDS  SAW, 

Made    Without    Hammering.    Patented. 

Process  Machinery  and  Saw,  1874,  '75, 

'77.  '78,  '81.     t'ircular  Saws,  Solid. 

Circular  SawM,  Inserted  Point. 

Crescent  (irounil  Crosscut  Saws,  Gang, 

Mill,  Malay  and  Dras  Saws,  Band  Saws, 

Planing  Machine    Knives,  Paper 

Cutting   Knives,    Leather 

Splitting  Knives,  Etc.    

CIXIC.A.C3-0 

Malleable  Iron  Co.. 

— Manufacturers  of  Refined — 

Malleable  Iron  CaKtiiis!!>- 

WESTERN  AVE.   AND    26th  STREET, 

CHICAGO. 

F.  H.  HEAD.       -        -  -       President. 

H.  S.  BURKHARDT,    -  Vice  President. 

CLAYTON  MARK,     -  -        Secretary. 

E.  P.  BAILEY,        -       -  -     Treasurer. 


Wells  and  French  Co. 

CAR  ANU 

BRIDGE  BUILDERS, 

Chicago,    111. 

O.  W.  MEY8ENBURG, 
Vice  President  and  Manager. 

3.  F.  Forsyth.  E.  A.  Hyde. 

EOKSYTH,HYDE&CO. 

Dealers  in 

PIG    IRON. 

6S  &  yO  DEARBORN   STREKT, 

(Corner  Randolph,) 
Telephone  5067.  CHICAGO. 


R.  Richards,  Pres.  R.  B.  Jones,  Sapt. 

Geo.  F.  VV'otherell,  Sec.  and  Treaa. 

THE   PREBI.E 

Machine  Works  Co., 

— Manufacturers  of  — 

'Wood  'Working  Maoliiiiery. 

Ventilating  Fans  and  Blowers. 
38   &  40  W.  Monroe  St.,   CHICAGO. 


Hercules  Ironworks, 

—Manufacturers  of — 

Ice   and  Refrigerating 
Machines, 

Rolling  Mill,  Hydraulic,  Lead  Pipe,  Shot 
and  Other  Heavy  Macliinery. 

Canal  St.  and  Carroll  Ave.,  CHICAGO. 
Send  for  Illustrated  Circular. 

— (Telephone  1231.)- 

KILMER  MFG.  CO., 

Manufacturers  of 
ARROW  and  ADJUSTABLE  BALE  TIES, 

BALING  WIRE  and  ORNAMENTAL 

FENCING, 

Nos.  543  and   545  State  St., 
CHICAGO,  ILH.. 

Works:     Schenecta  ly,  N.  Y. 


KELLOGO.JOMSO^  &  BUSS, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in 

Builders'  Hard-ware, 

CUTLERY    AND    TOOLS. 
I08  &  MO  Randolph  Street, 

H.  P.  Kellogg. 

W.T.Johnson.  -^CHICAGO. 

Geo.  E.  Bliss. 

Charles  Mimrod  &  Co., 

DEALERS    IN 

I  I  5  Dearborn  St., 

CI3:iC.A.c3-0. 
Also   Detroit,   Mich. 


p.  ('.  Hanfoiid,  Pres.  A.  E.  Hutchins,  Vico-Pres.  8.  N.  Hl'ud,  Hcc'y. 

P.  C.  HANFORD  OIL  CO., 

-^ IS  T  A  :X  1>  A  K  1> 4- 

ILLUMINATINgI oils, I  RUBRICATING 

AXLE  GREASE.  WHITE  LEAD  VARNISHES.  GLASS.  PINE  TAR.  ETC., 

Wabash  Ave.  and  S.  Water  St.,  OI3:i O-A-G-O- 

WILMINGTON  COAL  ASSOCIATIONT 

Wilmington  eoAL 


1  75  Dearborn  St., 
Room  21.  -^CHICAGO. 


JNO.    W.  MASURY  &   SON, 

NEW  YORK  AND  CHICAGO. 
— Manufacturers  of — 

Paints  &  Varnishes, 

MASUKY  BUIL.DI?V4,t. 

190-191-192  Michigan  Avenue, 


Established  1867  incorporated  1870. 

CHICAGO  WHITE  LEAD 

AND  OIL  COMPANY, 

— Manufacturers  of — 

Liquid  Cottage  Colors 

"THE  KING"  TINTED  PAINT, 
"The  King"  Old   Fashion  Kettle  Boiled 
Linseed  Oil,  Pure   Clarified  Kaw  Lin- 
seed Oil,  White   Lead,  Oil  Cake, 
Colors.  Varnishes.  Putty, 
Brushes,  Etc.,  Etc. 

Green  Sl  Fulton  Sts.,  Chicago. 

OEO.  E.  GKRTS.  HENRY  LUMBAKD. 

JNO.   SOHMIDT. 

(Established  1850.) 

Gerts,  Lumbard  &Co. 

Importers  and  Mnf  rs.  of 

204  and  206  Randolph  St., 

CHICAGO.  ILL. 


HEATH  &IIIILLI«AIVIIIIVri!  CO. 

=-PAINT-= 

M ANUFACTU  RERS. 

And  Jobbers  in  Paints,  Oils,  Varnishes. 
Brushes,  etc., 

1 70, 1  72  &  1  74  Randolph  St.,  Chicago- 


COFFIN,  DEVOE  &  CO., 

Dealers  in  and  Mnf  rs.  of 

PAINTS,    VAENISHES, 

Brushes,lColors,  (Dry  and  Ground), 

White   Lead,  Oils   and    Turpentine, 
And  Artists'  Materials. 

17S    3Ea-,ft>.3iTX50XjT=H    ST., 

CHICAGO. 

F.  W.  Devoe  &  Co.,  New  York. 

Established  1851.  Incorporated  1885. 

FULLER  &  FULLER  CO., 

IMPORTERS  AND 

Wholesale  Druggists 

Randolph  &  Franklin  Sts..  Chicago. 

President,  O.  F.  Fuller.     Vice  Presidents, 
J.  G.  Peters,  W.   H.  Rockwood.    Sec- 
retary, J.  W.  Scoiield.    Treas- 
urer, J.  M.  Shipley. 


W.  M.  HoYT  Company, 

Wholesale  Grocers, 

Importers  and  Jobbers  of  TeaH. 

Nos.  1,  3.  5,  7  &  9  Michigan  Ave.. 

And  1   to  9  River  Street. 
CHICAGO. 

REID,  MURDOCH  k  FISCHER, 
Importers  &  Grocers 

Offices  and  Salesroom: 

3  to  13  State  St.,  Cor.  South  Water. 

Warehouses : 

86  to  lOO  Mioliigaii  Avenue, 

CHICACiO. 


Franklin- 


MacV©agli&  Co. 

Importers  and  Jobbers  of 

aHOCEHIES, 

Lake  St.  and  "Walsasli  Ave. 

ANGLO-AMERICAN 

PROVISION  CO. 

ANGLO-AMERICAN 

REFRIG.CARCO. 

FO^VIiER  BROS. , 

ROOM  60,  BOARD  OF  TRADE, 

CHICAGO. 


■  St.  Louis. 


R.  BOWMAN,  Pres. 

J.  R.  BOWMAN.  Sec. 

C.  E.  PECK,  V.  Pres.  /   Chica^ro 

R.  A.  BOWMAN,  Treas.  ^  ^  ''"'ago. 


BOWMAN   DAIRY  CO., 

— Distributors  of — 
PURK  COUNTRY   MILK, 

68  &  70  North    State   St.,  CHICAGO. 

TELEPHONE  3187. 
St.Loois  Office,  1.5th  St.  and  Franklin  Ave. 


JNO.  DEVLIN.  L.  HENELY. 

R.  BASKERVILLE. 

JOHN  DEVLIN  &  CO., 

Wholesale  Grocers, 

24  K.  Randolph  Street, 

CHICAGO. 

BET.   WABASH <&  MICHIGAN  AVES. 

SPRAGUE,  WARNER  S  CO., 

IMPORTING,  MANUFACTURING 
AND   JOBBING 

>  GROGCRS.^ 

Randolph  St.  Cor.  Michigan  Ave., 
CHICAGO. 

W.F.MaAUGHLIN&CO., 

"UNIOX  MIL.I.S" 

Coffees,  Teas,  Spices, 

BAKING    POWDER,    CREAM 
TARTAR,  DRY  AND  PRE- 
PARED MUSTARD. 
8S8,  84,  8«  <fc  88  South  Water  St., 

CHICAGO. 

Geo.  p.  Braun.  L.  E.  Fitts. 

BRAUN  &  FITTS, 

Manufacturers  of 

OLEOMARGARINE, 

229  South  Water  St., 

Faetory  STo. 6  First  District  111., 

CHICAGO. 

Magic  Yeast. 

KEEPS  GOOD  ONE  YEAR. 

QUICKEST  AND  BEST. 

^^All  Grocers  sell  it. 

E.  W.  GILLETT,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


43 


James  A.  Mnri)hy.     Ailnlph  J.  Liclitstprn, 
Manager. 

JAMES  A.  MURPHY  &  CO., 

Commission  Merchants, 

STOCK  BROKERS  AND  DEALERS. 

Orain.    Provi.'«iions,    Stocks  and 
Bonds. 

1 32  Adams  St.,    -     CHICAGO. 

H.  C'Hank"  Mallory.    Chas.  A.  Mallory. 
—  (Established  1862.)  — 

MAL.LORY  &  SOX, 

LIVE  STOCK  COMMISSION. 

Rooms  113-115  Exchange  BIdg.. 
Union  Stock  Yards, 

H.  C.  Ingwersen.  C.  H.  Ingwersen. 

IXG^VERSEX  BROS., 

LIVE  STOCK 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS, 

Room  43,  Exchange  BIdg., 
UNION    STOCK     YARDS, 

CHICAGO. 


FLEMING&  BOYDEN 
COMMISSION  MERCHANTS, 

Grain  and  Provisions. 

6  Sherman  Street, 
CHICAGO. 


I    8.  E.  Wood. 

E.  A.  Wood. 


John  Kinsey. 


V.  D.  Kinsey. 


KINSEY  &  CO., 

WOOL, 

209    IVIichigan   Street, 
CHICAGO. 

Reference:  First  National  Bank  of  Chicago. 


JriH.  Wood. 

K.  Naeh. 


WOOD  BROTHERS, 

Commission  Merchants 

For  the  sale  of  all  kinds  of 

nf^]^  BTC!)G:K. 

ADDliLSS; 

UNION    STOCK    YARDS,   CHICAGO. 

Telephone  No.  9548. 

G.  W.  SHANNON.    O.  .T.  SHANNON. 
T.  G.  GETTY. 

SHANNON  BROS.  &  CO., 

HLiIT^^E  stocks: 

Commission   Merchants, 

Rooms  127-129  Exchange  BIdg., 

UNION  STOCKYARDS,    CHICAGO. 

REFERENCES: 
Third  National  Banl<,         -  Rochford,  Ills. 

Second  National  Bank,  -  -  Rochford,  Ills. 
Rochford  National  Bank,  -  -  Rockford,  Ills. 
Union  Stock  Yards  National  Bank,   -  Chicago. 


Established  1871. 


Telephone  1058. 


GEO.  WIDDEXDORF, 

General  Produce 

QOMMISSION 

MERCHANT. 

Specialties,   Butter,  Eggs.  Ponltry.  Game, 

Veal.  Dressed  Hogs,  etc.,  and  .Jobbers 

in  Potatoes,  Apples  and  Vegetables. 

148-1  ."iO  S.  Water  St..  CHICAGO 

_  Refer  to_  First  National  Bank. 
Refrigerator  in  ( 'onnection  with  Above. 


L.Everingham&Co. 


H.  T.  Thompson. 


H.  T.  Fry. 


H.  T.  THOMPSON  &  CO., 

Wool    Commission, 

No.  201  to  209  IVIichigan  St., 
CHICAGO. 


DOLE  &  CO., 

Grain  Elevators 

Room  18,  205  LaSalle  St., 

ci3:i:c.^3-o. 

~ta?E  i  LEWIS, 

COMMISSION, 

ROO/H  1,34  PACIFIC  AVE. 

V  K  I  C  A  <-  O . 


CENTRAL 

ELEVATOR  CO., 

F00T80UTIIWATEIUT., 

CHICAGO. 

George  L-  Dunlap, 

GRAIN 
ELEVATOR. 

C.  B,  HOLMES, 

Ciiago  Citj  laiiwa 


LIBBY,  MclTEIL 
&  LIBBY, 

Packers 

CHICAGO. 


e.  F.  Swift,  prest.        L.  F,  Swift,  treas. 
E.  C.  Swift.  V.  prcBt.     L».  E.  llai IvviJl,  sec. 

»WIFT  &  €0:?IPAXY, 

lucorponitcd  Apiil  J.^^t,  Iss."). 

DliAI>KUS  IN 

CATTLE,  SHEEP  S  HOGS 

AND  .SHIITERS  OF 

DRESSED  BEEF,  MUTTON  &  PORK. 
V-l-  Kxcliange  Itiiildiiiu', 

Union  Stock  Yards,  diica;£o.  111. 

Telephone  9585. 


S.  W.  Alleeton,  President. 

J.  B.  IloBERTSoN,  Treas. 

THE  ALLERTON— 
^—PACKING  CO. 

ROOM  31  PARKER  BUILDING, 
6  &  8  Sherman  St. 

Ab,moue  3s  Co., 

PACKERS 

Jobbers    of    Provisions, 
CHICAGO. 

■^CHICAGO^- 

Pacing  and  Provisio!!  Co>, 

218  LA  SALLE  ST. 


GEO.    M.    CI^AUK    &    CO., 


Manufacturers  of 


VAPOR  STOVES, 

Railroad  Car  Lamps  and 

Lanterns, 

GEO.  M,  Ct./\nK,  President. 

H.  9T..   IIUUBAKD,  .•».«>  <fe  Treas. 
J.  BENNETT  WALLACE,  Siip't. 

157  Ss  159  Superior  St.,  Chicago. 

W.  C.  RITCHIE  &  CO, 

Paper  hm  d  Paper  Im, 

152-155  MicJdganAv., 


Chas.  Fitz  Simons,  Presirtent. 

C.  J.  CoNNELL,  Vice-President. 

The  Fitz  gimons  &  Co°"«"  C*** 

CONTRACTORS  FOR 

Dredging,  Foundations,  Docking, 

Canals,  Railroads,  Etc. 

And  Dealers  in  Pine  and  Oak  Timber. 

Office— Hooms  1  &  2,  Sibley  Building, 
2  &  4  North  Clark  St.  Yards  and  Saw-Mill 
— North  Pier,  ft.  of  Michigan  St.,  Chicago. 


GRAY,  KINGMAN  &  COLLINS, 
> GROGGRS  < 

45,  47  &  49  Randolph  Street, 


Moses  W.  Gray. 
Chas.  H.  Kingman. 


William  A.  Collins. 

Franklin   D.  Gray, 

[Special. 


NORMAN  B.  REAM. 


C.  F.  Love.  C.  B.  Ayebs. 

C.F.LOVE  &C0., 

FRUIT  AND   PRODUCE 

Corainissioo  Merckiits, 

89  S.  Water  St.,  Chicago. 

References,  Nat.  Bank  of  Illinois.     R.  G.  Dun  &  Co. 


J.  C.  Anderson,  Pres.  and  Gen'l  Manager. 

S.  R.  BlNOHAM,  Vice-Pre.s. 

M.  C.  Springer,  Sec'y  and  Treas. 

Qliicago  /^nderson   pressed  grick 

COMPANY, 

Mannfacturers  of  Plain,  Ornamental  and 
Obsidian  FINE  PKESSED  BUILDING 
BRICK,  under  patents  of . J.  C.  Anderson. 

Office:  189  LaSalle  St.,  Chicago. 

Works:  Elston  Ave.,  Asylum  Place  and 
North  Branch.  Telephone  Nob.  Office, 
438;  Works,  4358. 

(Established  1848.) 


A.  P.  CALLAHAN,  Business  Manager^ 

PRUSSINrVINEGAR 

■  COMPANY  II 

Largest  Vinegar  Works  in  the  World. 

All  Goods  warranted  PURE  and 

to  preserve  Pickles. 

Office,  2407  La  Salle  St.,   CHICAGO. 

Phoenix  Building, 

128  to  U6  JACKSON  ST. 

Absolutely  Fire  Proof  and  the 
Best  Equipped  Office  Building  in 
the  West. 

J.  W.  CARRINGTON.  JR.,  Agent. 


<INSLEY'Sh- 


-CHICAGO. 


The  Most  Complete  Restaurant 
and  Catering  Establishment  in  America. 


GEORGE   McDERMOTT,    j  JQ|-||NJ     g      COOPER 
rTactlCal    ohoer,        commission  salesman  of 

Horses  and  Mules, 

Union  Stock  I'ards  Sale  Stables. 


All  Diseases  of  the  Feet  successfully 
treated. 


3123  S.  Halsted  St. 

Near  Thirty-first  St.  CHICAGO. 


Established  1862. 

WHELAN  &   SONS 

HORSE  SHOERS, 

451  S.  Halsted  St..  Near  Cor.  12th. 

Horses  entrusted  to  our  care  shod  without 
abase.    All  work  warranted. 

MICHAEL  O'CONNELL, 

Practical  Horse  Shoer 

537  S.  Halsted  St., 

Bet.  Maxwell  A  Liberty,      CHICAGO. 
Residence  300  14tli  St.. 

Bet.  Newberry  &  Johnson. 

Horse  Shoeing  done  in  the  best  manner 

and  at  short  notice. 


GEO.   A.    ELTON 

TJ  3Sr  3D  E  I^  T -^  I^  E  lE^, 
•    28  Third  Ave.  and  2118  Wabash  Ave. 
Punerai   Appointments   Unsurpassed. 

Not  being  a  member  of  "the  ring"  whose 
Tuetbod.s  were  recently  ventilated  bv  the 
press,  my  charges  are  based  on  right  and 
reason. 

Special  Ter7ns  viade  to  Societies  and  Benevo' 
livt  Organizations. 


JORDAN'S 

IINDEIiTAKiNfi 

UEstablishment.U 


CHAS.  GEE.  JOHN  GEE. 

GEE    BROTHERS, 
T  :E3  u9l  3Vt  I   ONT  C3-. 

Ofliee.  '^04Kinxie  (Street, 

CHICAGO. 

Furniture    Moved     With    Care. 

TELEPHONE  3157. 


Joseph  Listee, 


IManufacturer  of 


Ground  Bone  and  Bone  Cliarcoal, 

Cor.  Elston  &  Fullerton  Aves., 

Telephone  Call  4301.  CHICAGO. 

3^^  QKd  3%  5t5  Q^®- 

JOS.  STOCKTON  «  CO. 

Forwariingantl  Transfer  C:. 

ROOM  414.  218  LA  SALLE  ST., 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 
Telephone  11!$4. 


JOSEPH  55  FISH, 

I  55  State  Street, 

Importers  of  ILimuuds  and  IVecious  Stones. 

WATCHES. 

TIk'  iiio.st  •'Xi'liisive  line  of 
-NOVELTIES"  IN  GOLD,  SILVER  AND 

DIAMOND  JEWELRY. 
.TOi^KI>H  A   FISH.  !.».>  State  St. 


J.  V.  Eidgway, 

Secretary. 


Chas.  K.  GUes, 

President. 

GILES  BRO.  &C0., 

WHOLESALE 

AND  DIAMOND  MERCHANTS, 
State  and  Washington  Sts., 

General   Sellins   Asents,    Anti-Magnetic 
Shield  and  Watcli  Case  Co. 

R.DEIMEL&BROS. 

Manufacturers  of 

Parlor  Furniture, 

381.  383,  385  &  387  Wabash  Ave., 
CHICAGO. 

JAS.H.  Walker 
&  Co. 

WABASH  A\E.AP  ADAMS  ST., 
CHICAGO. 

AUOIST  F.  RICHTER, 
jyioULDINCg 

42   E.  HURON  ST., 

CHICAGO. 


s:ats1slLeiLS.&  leSS. 


Direct  Importers  of 

DIAMONDS, 

Novelties  in  Watches,  Jewelry,  Etc., 
STATE     &     MADISON     STS 

SHROUDS,  STOREY 

&  KASPER, 

DI/)/T]0flD5 

And  Watches, 
i^tate   and  Randolph  !$ts. 

Established  18.")7. 
J.  B.  CHAMBERS  &  CO., 

"Watches,  Diamonds. 

Jewelry,  Etc. 

CLARK   AND   MADISON   STS. 

MOWfiOMERY  WARD  &  CO., 

Ill  to  1 14  Jflicliigan  Ave., 

CHICAGO. 

The  Original  Wholesale  Granger 
SUPPL  Y  HOUSE. 

R.  H.  SANBORN  &  CO., 

143   FIFTH    AVE. 


COLLARS  &  CUFFS. 

Use  None  But  The  Genuine. 


FINE  CARRIAGES, 


And  Sleighs, 


HARNESS  AND  SLEIGH  BELLS 


5»es:^' 


Robes  and  Horse  Clothing, 

STUDEBAKER  BROS.  MFG.  CO., 

CHIOAflO,  ILL.,  U.  S.  A. 

National  Jube  Works  Co., 


Manufacturers  of 


WROUGHT  IRON  PIPE, 

BOILER    TUBES, 

Casing',     Calamine,    Asphalted, 
Black  or  G-alvanized. 

* DEALERS     IN ^ 

BRASS  AND  IRON  FITTINGS 
Of  All    Kinds. 

CLINTON,  CORNER  FULTON. 


EOCKWELL  KING,  Prest.        C.  R.  GRIFFITH,  JR.,  Sec'y.        JOHN  W.  ANDREWS,  Treaa. 

IIS  mm  I  iiDiiws  GO., 
IRON  FOUNDERS, 

Foundry  and  Office,  218  to  222  North  Union  St., 

Manufacturers  of 

Solid  Eye  Sash  Weights  and  Special  Castings  of  all  Kinds. 

'(((S  P  E  C I A  LT I E  S  :)))>- 

ELEVATOR  WEIGHTS.    SASH  WEIGHTS.    HORSE  WEIGHTS.    POST  MAULS.    WASHERS 

DUMB  BELLS       FOLDIN'O  BED  WEIGHTS. 

LEAD  WEIGHTS,  ANY  SIZE  OE  SHAPE  MADE  TO  ORDER. 

TELEPHONE  NO.  4265. 

Worthwestern  Dental  Infirmary, 

DR.  H.  C.  MAGNUSSON,  Pres. 
CHICAGO  OPERA   HOUSE   BUILDING, 

Corner  Clark  and  'WasUiii|,;toii  Sts., 
Comer  Rooms.       Entrance,  113  Clark  Street.       One  Flight  Up.       Room  210. 

TEETH    EXTRACTED    FREE  OF  CHARGE. 

GOLD  AND  ALL  OTHER  FILLINGS  FREE 

(Only  a  small  charge  being  made  for  material.) 

AL'L.    KIIVD9;   OF   ARTIFICIAL,   TEETH    MADE    FREE 

(Only  a  small  charge  being  made  for  material.) 

BRADBURY  BROTHERS, 

Book  i^^'^  Job  Printers, 

76,  78,  80  &  82  Fifth  Ave.,  Chicago. 


oorhead, 


TIIEAlMMiliFO.OO., 


McCleane  Co.  Pai"t*  Color  Makers. 


IRON  AND  STEEL, 


16  W.  Lake  Street,  Chicago. 


Established  1869.  Incorporated  1877. 

A.  PLAMONDON 

lyJANUFACTURING    C^- 

>iliaftiiig.  PiilleyM.  Haulers. 

t'oiipling^s.     ^Macliiiie     ITIoldeil. 

Cit'ariiis.  Kto.    Flour  ITIill.  i>;rain 

Klovator,    I>i«till«»r.v.  BiM'-wery 

ami  :VIalt  House  Ma<'hiiier.v. 

57  to  67  S.  Clinton  Street.  Chicago. 

A.  Plamoidoii,  Pres.       C.  A.  Plamondon,  Supt. 
George  Plamondon,  Sec'y  and  Tie  is. 

]!I.  W.  POWELI.  &  CO. 

Originally 

(Barrett,   Arnold  &   Powell.) 

Felt,  Composition  and  Gravel,  Actinolite, 

Tile,  Asphalt,  Pine  Tar  and  Concrete 

=- ROOFING -= 

General  Office:    175  La  Salle  Street. 

Warehouse  &  Yard:  18  &2U  Fourth  Av. 

Telephone  No.  364.  CHICAGO. 


J.  d.  MURRAY  &  GO., 


0 


E 


109  FULTON  STEEET. 


U.  Campbell,       A.  Campbell,         H.  T.  Jacobs 
Pres.        Vice-Pres.&Supt.    Sec.&Treas! 

The  Campbell  Bros.  M'r'g  Co., 

Oa,rpe:inLters.^^B\xilca.ers, 

MANUFACTURERS   OF 

Fine  Insids  Finish  for  fkesidonoes, 
STAIRS,      SASH,      DOORS,      BLINDS, 

>f'>ulriing.s,  Balusters,  Etc.,  also 
Dreasinfj,  Matching,   ne-Saiving,     Turning, 

Scroll  Scnoing,  Etc. 
^stim.a,tas  r'roixi.pti:^-  T^u-raaieliea. 

S.W.  COR.  OHIO  &.  FRANKLIN  STS.. 
Telephone  No.  3012.  Chicago,  III. 


2\l  RANDOLPH  ST. 

FACTORIES: 

Wade,  Currier  and  Crittenden  Sts. 

Established  1868. 

A.    LIEBERMAN, 

WHOLES.\LE 

SCRAP    IRON, 

Metalw  and  Machinery, 

Nos.  1455-1459  and 
Closed  1501-1507  stalest. 

Saturdays.    CHICAGO. 

Telephone  No.  8258. 

f^L^s^THE  American  Cycles 

5  v^MT^x Descriptive  Catalogue 
ON  Application. 

iGORMULLYaJEFEERY 

>MFG.CO.-,- 

■^rr-^Lxj^i^     ^,ry   Chicago,  III. 
G\  ^^ces  ;*  The  Largest  Manufacturers  in  America. 


W.  E.HALE  &  CO. 

— Manufacturers  of — 
HALE'S   STANDARD 

Hydraulic  Elevators, 

(87  &  189  La  Salle  St.,     . 
Calumet  Building.  C  H  I C AGO. 

JOSEPH  RATHBORNE  £  CO. 

—WHOLESALE- 

Illinois  Central  R.  R.  Pier  No.  2. 
FOOT  OF  RAIVOOLrPH   ST., 


C.  H.  CURNEY  &  Co., 

Steel,  Heavy  Hardware, 

Railway,  Machinists' 

and  Mining  Supplies, 


247  Sl  249  Lake  St., 

and  7  &  9  Market  St., 

CHICAGO. 

North- Western 

Iron  and  Metal  €o., 


Successors  to 
Chicap.o  Iron  and  Metal  Co.    I 
Katlinsky,  FarberALevine,  Props.  > 


) 
SCRAP  IROX,  STEEL  ii"  METALS 

^7*  to  5J7S  S.  Clinton  St., 
Telephone  40Sf).  CHICAGO. 

^  Sard  9  (9o. 

38  to  40  Lake  Street. 
DIAMOND 

PROSPECTING  CO. 

22  W.  Lake  St.,  CHICAGO. 

GENERAL  AGENTS  FOR  THE 

Sullivan  Diamond  Prospecting  Drills, 

CONTKACTOUS    FOR 

Diamond    Drill    Prosppctins,      Drilling 
Artesian    Wells,   Etc. 

F.    K.  COPELAND,    Secretary. 

TheA.M.DOLPHCO. 

Cinciunati  aud  Chicago. 

Laundry  Machinery 

AND  SUPPLIES. 

CEO.  W.  CORDON,    Manager, 

'AAA  \\'aKliiii;;ton  iStrcct, 

cixic.A.a-0- 


S.   D.   KIMBARK, 

—  Dealers  in  — 

Iron,  Steel,  ]Xail»«,   Heav^ 
Hardware, 

CAKHIAGE  HAltDWAl'iP:, 

TKlMMlNtiS  and 

WOOD  MATEIUAL. 
Michigan  Ave.  &,  Lake  Street, 

PARKHURST  &  HILKIi\SO\. 

Iron,  Steel, 


Heavy  Hardware, 

Wagon  and  (Carriage  Wood  Stock  and 
Trimmings. 

Nos.  142  to  164  Kinzie  Street, 
CHICAGO. 

KELLEY,  MA  US  &  CO., 

Iron.  Steel,  Nails, 

Heavy  Hardware, 

Wagon  and  Carriage    Hardware,    Wood 

Stock,     ('arriage    Trimmings, 

Blacksmitlis'  Supplies,  Etc. 

184  to    I90  Lake  Street, 
CHICAGO. 


Established  1865. 

L.Wolff  ^ 

•gtji'         Manufacturing  Co., 

^lauufacturers  of 

PLUMBING     GOODS 

EXCLUSIVELY. 

93-111  West  Lake  St..  CHICAGO. 

—(Established  1859.)  — 

T.W.Wilmarlh&Co.. 

Successors  to  H.  M.  WILMAKTH 
&  HliOTHEIl, 

Gas  Fixtures. 

225-227  state  St..  CHICAGO. 

Special    Designs  Furnishetl.    Old    Iron, 
Brass    and    Hammered    Metal,    .\nil- 
irons.  Fenders,  Agents  for  Mitch- 
ell, Vance  ACo.'s  Gas  Logb.Etc. 


Henry  R.  Wortbingtop, 

New  York.     Establisl  ed  1C45.     London. 

Steam  ^"G.m.ps, 
POWER  PUMPS 

FOR    EVERY  SERVICE. 

WATER     METERS. 

Chicago  Branch, 

NO.    95    LAKE    STREET. 


Manufacturer  of 

GALVANIZED      IRON     COENICES, 

Mouldinea,  Brackets,  Modillion,  Wiudow 
Caps,   Dormer  Windows,    Veutilalln<;   Fire- 
Proof  Skylights,  Pinnaces  and  Towers 
for  Cliurclies, 

TIN  JLND   SLATE  RnaPiNG, 
129  &  131  N.  Franklin  St.,    Cor.  Ontario, 

GeneralJobbJng  Promptly  Attended  to. 


CHAS.J.LANDQUIST, 

ME  Mwmii, 

OFFICE, 
31  Milwaukee  A V. 

Brane  Elevator  Goippany, »  s.  d.  childs  &  co. 


:  Manufacturers  of : 

OFFICES : 
New  York,  40  &  42  Wall  St. 

Pittsburgh,  lU  Water  St. 

St.  Louis,  Cor.  .5th  &  Chestnut  St. 
Minneapolis,  Lumber  Exchange  Bldg. 

Kansas  City,  Deal's  Building. 


Clia.s.  :E3t.  :Besl3r  c25  Co., 

Fine     Tools,    Manufaot-irers'    and     Machinists' 

Hardware,  Seamless  Tubes, 

Sheet  Brass,  Copper  and  Brass  W're, 

175  &  177  LAKE  ST., 

CHICAGD,  ILL.,  U.  S,  R, 


-:  Manufacture:- 


Police  ^  Stars,  ^  Badges, 

Wreaths,  Letters,  &e. 

Sevi-ez^at      Swg  tavern,      istc. 

163  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 


For  Engiue  Houses  a  Specialty. 

J9®=Send  5c  stamp  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

• 

M.  SwAETs.                             M.  Nathan. 
Established  1871. 

SWARTS  &  NATHAN, 

WHOLESALE 

Scrap  Iron,  Steel  and  Machinery 

Old  Railway  Material  a  Specialty. 
OFFICE,  557  STATE  STREET, 

Yards,  547,  549,  551,  553,  555  and  557 

State  Street. 

Telephone  No.  382.  CH ICACO. 


THE   MCEWEN 

luilding^*  Jlianufadurin^  m. 


WORKS : 

243  to  251  Wells  Street, 


E.  W.  Blatchford. 


N.  H.  Blatchford. 


E.W.  Blatchford  &  Co. 

Lead  and  Tin  Pipe, 

Sheet  and  ISar  L<ead. 

I'is  Lead  and  Block  Tin. 
Solder  and  Antimony. 

Linseed  Oil  and  Oil  i'ake, 

70  North  Clinton  St.,  CHICAGO. 


COLLINS    • 
•   &BURGIE. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 


261  to  277   S.   CLINTON   STREET. 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 

J.   T.   RYERSON   &   SON, 

(House  Established  1842.) 

IRON   AND   STEEL, 

18  to  22  Milwaukee  Ave.  and  47  to  53 
North  Clinton  St.,  Chicago.  III. 

Agents  for  Central  Iron  Works  (Chas.  L. 
Bailey  &  Co.),  Harrisbnrg,  Penn.;  Pine 
Iron  Works  ( Bailey  &  Shoemaker  j ,  Berks 
Co.,  Pa.;  Otis  Iron  and  Steel  Co.,  Cleve- 
land, O.;  (Burden  Rivets)  Burden  Iron 
Co.,  Troy,  N.  Y.;  (Ulster  Iron)  Wm. 
Mulligan,  New  York,  (Reading  Flues) 
Reading  Iron  Works,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

STANDARD 


mimu  Em  &  co. 


Corner   Lake   and    La    Salle  Sts. 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 


G.  F.  FOSTER  SON  &  CO., 

Manufacturers  of 

TTzn-iforrr^s 

for  all  orgaiiizatiiMis,  Miliiary,  Police.  Fire- 
men, etc.  Swords  and  Military  Aicoutre- 
inents.  Headwear,  Epaulets,  etc.,  in  fact 
everything  pertaining  to   General  Society 

Organizations. 

G.  F.  FOSTER  SON  &,  C0.1 

172  Madison  St.,  Chicago. 


John  Davis  &  Co., 

SflAM  llMiHi, 

and  everything  pertaining  to  it. 

Wrought  Iron  Pipe.      Hatliotors.     Fittings, 

Worthington  Punipa,   ISoilers,  Etc. 

Telephone  3100.        CHICAGO.  ILL. 


Herman  Arnold.  Theodor  Arnold. 

Adolph  Arnold. 

ARNOLD   BROS., 

Th6  West  Side  Meat  Market, 

Manufacturers  of 

145  &  147  West  Kandolph  St.,  Chicago,  III. 
Telephone  No.  4287. 

Norttoestern  Boiler  Works 

CHRIS.  PFEIFFER,  Prop., 

Manufacturer  of 

Steam   Boilers,    Tanks, 

Smoke  stacks,  Etc. 

Repairing   Promptly   Attended    to. 

64  Michigan  St.,  CHICAGO,  ILL.' 

lELEPHONE     3100. 

Residence,  70   Lincoln   Avenue. 

•     :  THE  : 

W.  C.  Metzner  Stove  Repair  Co., 

Manufacturers  and  .Jobbers  in 

STOVE  REPAIKS 

125  to  129  W.  Randolph  St, 

Adountable  Store  liepairi  A  Specialty. 
i8®=Repair8  for  Over  15,000  Different  Stoves. 


H.  S.  Pickan<l8.  \V.  L.  Brown, 

Chicago. 

Pickands,  Mather  &  Co.,  Clovelaud. 

vmm^,  mm  a.-  co. 

Mnfrs.,  hiiportiTs  A  Dealers  in 

Pig  Iron  &  Iron  Ore, 

117   Dearborn  *it., 

Raymond  Lead  Co., 

LAKE  AND  CLINTON   STS. 

SHOT,  LEAD,  PIPE, 

Sheet  Lead,  Etc. 


Established  1854. 

DEVINE'S 

Steam  Boiler  Works, 

383  to  393  S.  CANAL  ST., 
Petee  Devine,  Prop.  CHICAGO. 

Edward  C.  Douglas.         Samuel  T.  Cade. 

DOUGI.AS  &  CADE, 

SLATE,  TIN  AND  IRON   ROOFERS, 

MaQufactnrprH  of  Galvanized  Iron  Sky- 
lights, Metal  Cornices,  Corrugated  Iron, 
Etc.,  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 
KooFiNO  Material. 
Prompt  Attention  given  to  Job  Work. 
270  S.  Clinton  St..        CHICAGO. 
Telephone  No.  4743. 

Eastern  Branch,  New  York  City. 

Northwestern  Branch,  Minneapolis. 

LINK   BELT  MACHINERY  CO., 

Founders<i  and  ]?lachinists. 

Link  Betting  and  Sprocket  Wheels. 

Improveil    niJijliances  for   handling   any 

material  in  bulk  or  packages. 

Oif-c^rrolAs.;- 11  to  23  S.Jefferson  St. 
[^l^ifE^Lx-O    CHICAGO. 


M.C.  BULLOCK  MFG. CO., 

QiAMOND  Pointed  [^ock  Qrills. 

UEMOVEI)  MAY  1st,  iss?,  TO 

Rooms  509-510  Phoenix  BIdg.. Corner 

Clark  and  Jackson  Streets. 

(Opposite  Grand  Pacific  Hotel), 
Wliero    We    Will    Be  (ilad    to     See    Our 

Patrons  and  Friends. 
Telephone  UA.\  Pluenix  Building.    -Tele- 
phone 7108.  Works:  l^ake  St.  and 
Talman  Avenue. 

SCHILLO,C0SSMANNSCO. 

Iron    Founders, 

87  to  95  West  Polk  Street, 

Telephone  No.  4138.  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Heavy  and  Light  Castings,  such  as 

Machinery,  Building  d:  Bridge  Casti7igs. 

PATTERNS  MADE  TO  ORDER. 

Established  1856. 
AMERICAN  IRON  &  STEEL  WORKS. 


Jones  &  Lauchlins 

Iron,  Steel,  Xails,  SpikeN, 

Patent  Cold  Rolled  Iron  &  Steel. 


Branch  OtEce  and  Warehouse, 

Lake  &  Canal  Sts.,  Chicago,  Mi. 
CRERAR,  ADAMS  &  CO., 

GENERAL 

Railway  Agents, 

AND  MERCHANTS. 
11  «&  13  Fifth  Ave.,  and 

205  &  207  South  Water  St., 

CHICAGO. 

J.  .1.  Smith,  Prest.       J.  H.  Davis,  Sec'y. 
P.  S.  Hudson,  V.  Prest.  &  Treas. 

Eaker  &  ^miila  Co., 

STEAM  AND  WATER 

R EATING    AND    VENTILATING 

APPARATUS. 
81  &  83  Jackson  St.,   Chicago. 


p.  T.  Cran",  Pres.  C.  R.  Crane,  Vice-Fres. 

£.  Worcester,  Seci/.      Wm.  Kerr,  Treas. 

CRANE  BROS. 

I^anufacturing  Qo., 

Ksfdhlished  JS.i,5.      Incorporated  1HG5. 
Manufacturers  of 

CTANDARD  WEIGHT  LAP-WELDED 


W 


RQUGHT  IRON  PIPES  AND 
nOILER    FLUES, 


Steam  and  Gas  Fittings,  Brass  and 
Iron  Valves  and  Cocks  for 

Steam  and  Gas  Fitters  and 
Engine  Builders. 

to  r^.   Jefferson   Street, 

CHICAGO, 

New  York  Office,  92  Liberty    St. 

COLUMBIA  IRON  FOUNDRY 

—AND— 

MachineTool  Works 

Manufacturer n  of 
ALL  KINDS  OF  SPECIAL  MACHINERY. 

RAILROAD  and  GENERALCASTINGS. 

JOHN  FEATHERSTONE,  Prop. 

JVos.  2  to  36  Front  St.,  )  r'liina«»-n 

«54,  3.55  &  358  N.  Halsted  St.,  S  «-n»^asw. 


Wm.  D.  Gibson. 


Chas.  p.  Parish. 


GIBSON,  PARISH  &  CO., 

DEALEKS IN 

CABINET  HARDWARE, 

Upholstery     Gooil8,     rurtain     Fixtures, 
Curtain  Poles,  Shade  Hardware,  Uphol- 
sterers' Hardware,  Tools  of  all  Kinds, 
Glue  and  Sandpaper.    Manufactur- 
ers  of   all  kinds  of  Steel  Wire 
Springs,  and  Dealers  in  Steel 
Spring  Wire. 
Kos.  7S  and  80  Randolph  Street, 
CHICAGO. 
New  York  Office:  115  Worth  Street. 


ESTABLISHED  182.").        INCORPORATED  1885. 

TheP.HAYDEN 

Saddlery  Hardware  Co. 

Peter  Hayden,  Pn-sid'nt. 
William  ]i.  Hayden,  ;  t--  .^ 

Cotton  I [.  Allen,       r    t)„  '/V'.... 
albert  Hayden,  )    Pr^'Mdent.-,. 

(Charles  H.  Hayden,  Sec.  &  Treas. 
Coldmbds,  O.   St.  Lonis,  Mo.  Detroit, 
Mich.  Muskegon,  Mich.  Chicago,  111. 

45  A  47  bake  !iit.,  CHICAGO. 

John  Mohr.                              Joseph  Mohr. 
Telephone  3305. 

JohnMolir&Son, 

Boiler  Makers, 

32  to  42  Illinois  St.,  CHICAGO. 

The  Temple  Pump  Co. 


Manufacturers  of 


WOOD, 

and 


IRON, 
CHAIN. 


PUMPS, 

1  7  to  27  Meagher  St., 
CHICAGO. 


Macliiss  d  Sdlsr  Mi, 

John  GuUbins,  l*roi>ri«'tor. 

Sole  Manufacturer  of 

GUBBINS'  PATPT  DRYING  MACHINES. 

For  Packing  Houses,  Glucose  Works. 

Office  and  Works: 

341  to  347  S.  Canal  Street, 

CHICAGO. 

THOMAS  CONNELLY, 

^lanufactnrcr  and  Deal(>r  in 

Vitrified  Sewer  Pipe, 

Chimney    Flues.  Chimney   Tops, 
Drain  Tile.  Cement,  Etc. 

(Office  and  Yard: 
Sfos.  la  to  ao  Fourth  Avenue. 

Bet.  Jackson  and  Van  Buren  Sts., 
Telephone  No.  609.     CHICAGO,  ILL. 


—Established  1828  — 


J.  L  Mott  Iron  Works, 

307  &  309  Wabash  Avenue, 
CHICAGO. 

88  and  90  Beekman  Street,  New  York. 

Simonds  Mnfg.  Co., 

Works  lit  FlTCHBUlKi,  ^lASS.,  and 
COR.  CANAL    &    WASHINGTON   STS., 

CI-IXC^fi.C3-0,   ILXj, 

THESIMONDS  SAW, 

Made    Without     Hammering.    Patfnted.    | 

Process  Machinery  and  8aw,  ls74, '75, 

'77, '78, 'hi.     I  ircular  8aws,  Solid. 

Circnlar  Saws,  Inserted  Point. 

Crescent  ti  round  Cross  (.  ut  Saws,  Gang, 

Mill,  Mnlay  and  Drag  Saws,  Band  Saws, 

Planing _  Marhine    Knives,  Paper 

Cutting   Knives,    Leather 

Splitting  Knives,  Etc. 

cnxc-a-O-o 

Malleable  Iron  Co., 

— Manufacturers  of  Kefined — 

Malleable  Iron  Castings. 

WESTERN  AVE.   AND    26th  STREET, 

CHICAGO. 

F.  H.  HEAD.  -  -  .  President. 
H.  S.  BURKKAKDT,  -  Vice  President. 
CLAYTON  MARK,  -  -  Secretary. 
E.  P.  BAILEY,        -       -       -     Treasurer. 

Wells  and  French  Co. 

CAR  AND 

BRIDGE  BUILDERS, 

Chicago,    III. 

O.  W.  MEYSENBURG, 
Vice  President  and  Manager. 

J.  F.  Forsyth.  E.  A.  Hyde. 

EOKSYTH,HYDE&CO. 

Dealers  in 

PIG    IRON. 

«»  &  70  DKARBORX   J^iTREFT, 

(Corner  Randolph,) 
Telephone  5057.  CHICAGO. 


R.  Richards,  Pres.  R.  B.  Jones,  Snpt. 

Geo.  F.  Wothoroll,  Sec.  and  Treas. 

THE    PREBI.E 

Machine  Works  Co., 

— ManufacI  urers  of — 
Wood  ^^'orkiiiu;  llncliiiiery. 

Ventilating  Fans  and  lUowers. 
38   &  40  W.  Monroe  St.,   CHICAGO. 

Hercules  Ironworks, 

—Manufacturers  of— 

Ice   and  Refrigerating 
Machines, 

Rolling  Mill,  Hydraulic,  Lead  Pipe,  Shot 
and  Otlier  Heavy  Macliinery. 

Canal  St.  and  Carroll  Ave.,  CHICAGO. 

Send  for  lUastrated  Circular. 


—(Telephone  1231.)  — 

KIIilIRR  MFO.  CO., 

Manufacturers  of 

ARROW  and  ADJUSTABLE  BALE  TIES, 

BALING  WIRE  and  ORNAMENTAL 
FENCING, 

Nos.  543  and   545  State  St., 
CHlCA<,iO.  Il.>i>^. 

Works:     Schenecta  ly,  N.  Y. 


KELLOGG,  J0I1^S0.\  &  BLISS, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in 

Builders'  Hardware, 

CUTLERY    AND   TOOLS. 
108  &  110  Randolph  Street, 

H.  P.  Kellogg. 

W.T.Johnson.  -^-CHICAGO, 

Geo.  E.  Bliss. 


Charles  Mimrod  &  Co., 

DEALERS    IN 

I  15  Dearborn  St., 
Also    Detroit,    Illicli. 


p.  ('.  Hanford,  Pres.  A.  E.  IIdtohins,  Vicp-Pres.  S.  N.  Hurd,  Sec"y. 

P.  C,  HANFORD  OIL  CO., 

-* S  T  A  IV'  l>  A  It  P- ^- 

ILLUiyilNATINGl OILS. I  LUBRICATING 

AXLE  GREASE.  WHITE  LEAD  VARNISHES,  GLASS.  PINE  TAR.  ETC., 

Wabash  Ave.  and  S.  Water  St.,  0XSI0.^C3-O. 


WILMINGTON  COAL  ASSOCIATION, 

Wilmington  eoAL 


1  75  Dearborn  St., 
Room  21.  -^CHICAGO, 


JNO.    W.  MASURY  &   SON, 

NEW  YORK  AND  CHICAGO. 

— Manufactarers  of — 

Paints  &  Varnishes, 

MASURY  BUIIiDISKi}. 

190-191-192  Michigan  Avenue, 

cmc-A-o-o. 

Established  1867  incorporated  1870. 

CHICAGO  WHITE  LEAD 

AND  OIL  COMPANY, 

— Manufacturers  of — 

Liquid  Cottage  Colors 

"THE  KIN(4"  TINTED  PAINT, 
"The  Kin«"  Ohi   Fasliioti  Kettle  Boiled 
Linseed  Oil,  Pure   Clarified  Raw  Lin- 
seed Oil,  White   Lead,  Oil  Cake, 
Colors.  Varnishes,  Putty, 
Brushes,  Etc.,  Etc. 

Green  &  Fulton  Sts.,  Chicago. 

GEO.  E.  OKBTS.  HENRY  LUMBAHD. 

JNO.   SOHMIDT. 

(Established  1850.) 

Gerts,Lumbard&Co. 

Importers  and  Mnfrs.  of 

204  and  206  Randolph  St., 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 


HEATH  &IIILLI«ANMP'(i  CO, 

=-PllIHT* 

MANUFACTU  RERS. 

And  Jobbers  in  Paints,  Oils,  Varnishes,. 

Brushes,  etc., 

1 70, 1 72  &  1 74  Randolph  St.,  Chicago.^ 
COFFIN,  DEVOE  &  CO., 

Dealers  in  and  Mnfrs.  of 

PAINTS,    VAENISHES, 

Brushes,^Color8,  (Dry  and  Ground), 

White  Lead,  Oils  and    Turpentine, 
And  Artists'  Materials. 

X7S    .TS.^iTXJOXjI'H    ST., 

CHICAGO. 

F.  W.  Devoe  &  Co.,  New  York. 


Established  1851. 


Incorporated  1885. 


FULLER  &  FULLER  CO., 

IMPORTERS  AND 

Wholesale  Druggists 

Randolph  &  Franklin  Sts..  Chicago. 

President,  O.  F.  Fuller.    Vice  Presidents,. 
J.  G.  Peters.  W.   H.  Rockwood.    Sec- 
retary, J.  W.  Scofield.    Treas- 
urer, J.  M.  Shipley. 


UNDERWOOD  &  CO.. 

Packers  and 

Jobbers  of 

Provision^ 

Halsted  and  Lumber  Sts. 

pine  /T\eats  and 
pure  Urd. 


Connected  with  our  PACKING  HOUSE 
we  keep  the  LARGEST,  CLEANEST, 
and  in  every  way  BEST  Meat  Market  in 
the  city. 

UNDER  WOOD  (Sr  CO. 


TO   GET  THE   BEST 


PATRONIZE  THE 

Washington  Ice  Co., 

PRINCIPAL.  OFFICE: 

79    CLARK    STREET, 

CHICAGO. 

Telephone    No.    5099. — 


A.  C.  BRA(  KEBl  SH  &  CO., 

!!4liil>per»«  and  DoalerM  in 

Goal  and  Coke 


Aiathracito  Coals — 

"Parclus"  lieliitfli, 

"Old  L,ee*'  Wilkes-Barre, 

"Bernice"  Free  Burning. 

Ititniiiinon^  Coals — 

Briar  Hill, 
Mockins  Valley. 
Kenatvha. 
Cannel  and  Coke. 

59  Dearborn  St., 

CHirA«0,  Ilili. 

THE 

KNICKERBOCKER 

ICE  CO., 

SUCCESSORS  TO 

E.  A.  SHEDD  &  CO., 

WHOLESALE  &   RETAIL  DEALERS  IN 

also: 

LAKE  SHORE  GRAVEL, 

BEACH  AND  BANK  SAND. 

GENERAL  OFFICE: 

134  Van  Buren  St.. 

CHICAQO. 

Telephone  1789. 

46 


Delaware  and  Hudson 
Canal  Co. 

Lackawanna  Coal, 


WALTER  S.  BOGLE,  Sales  Agent. 


8  Borden  Block,        CHICAGO. 

E.  L.  Hedstrom  &  Co., 

SHIPPERS  OF 
Del.,  Uck.  &  Wes.  R.  R.  CO.'S 

Scranton   Goal. 

Also  Brier  Hill,  Hocking,  Cannel, 
and  Smithing  Coals. 

I  I  5   Dearborn  St.,  CHICAGO. 

H.  E.  Weaver,      Tod,  Stambangh  &Co., 
Chicago.  Cleveland,  O 

WEAVER.  TOD  &  CO. 

MINERS  &  SHIPPERS  OF 


Office,   217-219  Dearborn   St. 

KAILYARDS  :  25th  St.  and  Stewart  Ave., 

and  20th  St.  and  Wentworth    Ave. 

DOCK:  Kingsley  and  Indiana  Sts. 

Telephone  180.  CHICA&O 


P.  J.  MAGINNIS. 


THOS.   BOYLE 


-Established  1868. 


Ci9(;ol9  !(;(?  Co., 


Dealers  in 


TO  JEt, 


Manufacturers  of  Ice  Tools,  Wagons,  &c. 

Main  Office,  No.  123  E.  Randolph  St., 

Telephone  No.  5512.        CHICAQO. 

Private  Families  and  others  supplied  with 

Best  Quality  of  Wisconsin  Lake  Ice 

at  Lowest  Prices. 


STORAGE. 

Crystal  Lake  Station  M.  C.  R.  R.,  Cold 
Springs  M.  C.  R.  R.,  Riverside,  111,  C.  B.  &  Q. 
R.  R.,  Batavia,  111.  C.  N.  W.  R.  R.,  Fond  du 
Lac,  Wis.  C.  N.  W.  R.  R. ,  4l8t  &  Ellis  Ave. 
a.  Y.  R.  R.,  152J  Indiana  Ave.  I.  C.  R.  B, 
Ei!«TABIiIi4HED  1855. 

JAMES  P.  SMITH  &  CO. 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in 


145  E.  IVIonroe  St..  1522  Indiana  Ave. 
CHICAGO. 


ROBERT  LAW, 


Principal,   Office: 
196  Dearborn  Street,  Honore  Block, 

CHICAGO. 

Yards  :    18th  St.   Bridge,   North    Pier,  21 

E.  Division  St.,  2l8t  and  Grove 

Ste.  (Rail  Yard.) 

TEIjE2=HOIsrE  750. 

COXE  BROi^.  &  CO., 

-MINERSIOF- 
CROS!!^    CREEK 

LEHIGH  COAL, 

General  Office,  1  Broadway,  New  York. 

GEO.  MERRYWEATHER, 

Western  Agent, 

1  Chamber  of  Commerce,    -    CHICAGO. 
Depots:  Chicago,  Milwaukee,  Buffalo. 

(ESTABLISHED  1856)-^^ 

A.  S.  PIPER  &  CO., 

Wholesale  and  Retail 

DEALERS  IN  ICE. 

Also  Manufacturers  of 

ICE  TOOLS  &  WAGONS,  &  NELSON'S 

PATENT  FIFTH  WHEEL. 

Office,  83  W,   I  2th  Street, 

CHICAGO. 

(Telephone  4530  and  9192.) 


A.  LANGDON&CO. 


No.  175  DEARBORN  ST. 

Thomas  E.  Miller,  President. 

Brice  A.  IVliller,  Treasurer. 

Lincoln  Miller,  Secretary. 

MILLER  BROS.  DRY  DOCK  CO.. 

— Proprietors  of  the — 

Three  North  Branch  Dry  Docks, 

Office  36  Market  St..  Chioago. 

Ship  Yard,  Near  North  Halsted  St.  Bridge. 

SPAR  DERRICK  AND  JIG  SAW. 

We  Furnish  Spun  Oakum.    Can  dock  the 
largest  vessel  on  the  lakes  when  loaded. 


KNAAK^ 

C^CHICK&nO-. 

— Manufacture rs  of — 

Parlor  Furniture 

FRAMES, 

S.  E.  Cor.  Indiana  &  Kingsbury  Sts. 

ULICK     BOURKE'S 
ZXl-I-i-O-It 

Furniture  House, 

DEALEK  IN 

Furniture,  Carpets,  Stoves,  Etc., 

302  W.  Madison  St., 
Telephone  4521.  CH ICACO. 


House  Mover  m 
*    and  Raiser. 

Special  Atteniion  Paid  To 
SHORING  UP    FRONTS,   SET- 
TING  COLUMNS,   LINTELS 
AND  GIRDERS, 

Shoring   up    and    Straightening 
Floors. 

BRICK  AND  STONE  BUILDINGS 

RAISED  AND  MOVED. 

office: 

110  DearlDorn  Street, 

(basement,) 
CHICAGO. 

Residence:  19  Sholto  Street,  bot.  Har- 
rison and  Polk. 

Office  Hours:  1:30  to  2:30  p.  ai. 
Telephone  No.  125. 

Box  No.  339, 
Builders'  and  Traders'  Exchange. 

Yard:  Nos.  353  and  355  W.  Harrison  St. 


Xlif  Z''^"n*''''*^  |\/I'''''"''^'-'^"'"ing  Qo., 

manufacturers  of 
LOUNGE  and  PARLOR 

Furniture  Franfies, 

25  to  53  Weed  Street, 

CHICA«iO,  IliL.. 

Geo.  L.  Petersen  &  Co.^ 

WOOD    MANTELS 
and 
INTERIOR     FURNITURE, 
197  &  199  IVells  «t. 


Office:  161  EAST  SUPERIOR  ST. 

N.  BAESALOUX, 

400  &  402  W.  Madison  $$t. 

Carries  at  all  times  a  Fine  Line  of 

Chamber  Sets, 

Parlor  Suits, 

Book  Cases, 

Side  Boards. 

Hall  Trees, 
Phoenix   Folding  Beds    (of  Grand 
Rapids), 

Carpets,  Basis, 
£asy  Chairs, 

Extension  Tables, 

In    Fact    Everything   to    Make   Home 

Happy  at  Prices  Way  Down 

FOR  GASH. 

Low  Expense,  Large  Room  Our  Success. 

Don't  Fail  to  Call  when  you  need 

anything  in  our  line. 


N.   BARSALOUX, 

400  and  402  W.  Madison   St. 


E.  R.  BRAINERD, 

Stone  and  Marble, 

14  E.  VAN  BURENST. 

Davidson  &  Sons, 

-WHOLESALE- 

Marble  and  Granite, 

Also,  Interior  Marble  Decorators. 

Foot  N.  Market  St.,    Chicago,  and 
4th  and  Fowler,  Milwaukee. 

MEACHAM&  WEIGHT, 

Manufacturers'  Agents  for 


Hydraulic  Cement, 

AND   DEALERS  IN 

Portland  and  Louisville  Cements,  Lime, 
Michigan  and  New  York  Stucco. 

98  Market  St.,  CHICAGO. 

Telephone  434. 

WM.    M.    DEE, 

SEWERAGE, 

Sewer  Pipe,  Flue  Linings,  Chimney  Tops, 

Fire  Brick,  Fire  Clay,  Cold  Air  Duct 

Pipes,  Drain  Tile,  Cement,  Etc. 

MAIN  OFFICE  AND  YARD, 

164  E,  Adams  St.  Telephone  No.  509. 
SOUTH  BRANCH  YARD,  Telephone  No.  9927. 
m.W.  Cor.  40tli  SLA  Orand  Boul. 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 

PIONEER  FIREPROOF 

I       CONSTRUCTION  CO., 

Manufacturers  and  Contractors. 

EVERY  DESCRIPTION    OF  TILE    FOR 

FIREPROOFING   BUILDINGS. 

OFFICE   AND  YARD  : 

Clark  and  16th  Streets, 

CHIRACS  O. 

—(Telephone  No.   8483.)— 


THE  CORNEAU  STONE  CO., 

Wholesale  Dealers  in 

Illinois  Limestone, 

256  to  280  Market  St., 

CHICAGO. 


Hugh  Young,  Pres.    R.  C.  Harper,  Mangr. 
F.  V.  Gindele,  Sec'y  and  Treas. 

The  YOUNG  &  FARREL 

Diamond  Stone  Sawing  Co., 
Contractors  for  Cut  Stone, 

And  Manufa't'rsof  Youu^j's  Diamond  .Saws, 
Cranes,  Travellers,  Rubbiut,'Beds,  Etc. 
Lemont  Lime  Stone,  Indiana  Liine  Stone, 

Conn.  Brown  Stone,  Canada  Ked  Stone,  New 

York  Blue  Stone,  Amherst  and  other  Ohio 

Free  Stone  kept  in  yard. 

Flagging  and  Coping.  Planed  Vault  Covers. 
30  &  32  W.  Polk  St.,  Chicagro. 


Established  1859. 


Telephone  No.  234. 


CHICAGO  mm  LIME  WORKS, 

(F.  E.  SPOONER,  Agent.) 

Manufacturers  of 

Chicago  Quick  Lime, 

McAdam  and  Concrete  Stone, 
No.  153  South  Market  St.,  CHICAGO. 

N.   A.   WILLIAMS, 

DEALER  IN 

Akron  Sewer  Pipe, 

FIRE  BRICK  AND  CLAY, 

Drain  Tile,  Cement,  Etc. 

OFFICE  AND  YARD: 

No.  219  Washington  St.,       CHICAGO. 


Oren  Sherman.  M.  D.  Flavin. 

SHEHKAIT   &   FLAVIN. 

Manufacturers  of  and  Dealers  in 

MARBLE     MANTELS, 

Grates,  Fire  Places, 

Brass  and  Soap  Stone  Goods,  and  all 

kinds  of  Marble  Work. 
]Vo»<..'i41,343  &345  IVabanh  Ave., 

Telephone  No.  5629.        CH ICAGO. 


EATON  8i  PHINOE, 

Manufacturers  of 

Steam,  Hydraulic  Power  and  Hand 

Elevators, 

74  &  76    Michigan   St., 

CHICAGO. 

Tlie    only     Manufacturers    of     Rawhide 
Belting  iiithc  Country. 

THE  CHICAGO  RAWHIDE  MNFG.    CO., 

—Manufacturers  of— 

Rawhide  Belting,  Lace  Leather, 

Rope,     Lariats,     Fly     Nets,     Picker 

Leather,  Stock  and  Farm  Whips, 

Washers,  Hame  Straps,  Hame 

Strings,    Halters,  and 

Other  Rawhide  Goods  of  All  Kinds     by 

Krueger's  Patent. 

75  &  77  Ohio  »$t.  ^Kear  Market, 

Telephone  No.  3403.  CH ICACO. 

Hatter  and  Furrier, 

— Manufacturer  of — 

POLICE  HELMETS,  FIRE  AND  MILI- 
TARY HATS  AND  CAPS. 

lOl  East  lladison  Street. 


Chas.  Emmerich. 
Wm.  Hammermiller. 


John  Baur, 
L.  Nettelhorst. 


(Established  1858.) 

CHAS.  EMMERICH  &  CO., 

Dealers  Exclusively  in 

FEATHKRS 

FOR  BEDDIXG  Frf;l'OSES. 
285  &  287  MADISON  STREET, 

(Near  the   Bridge.) 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 

F.  Schultz.  —Telephone  4104.—  J.  Hirsch. 

SCHULTZ  &  HIRSCH, 

Manufacturers  of 

Mattresses  and  Bedding 

And  Wholesale  Dealers  in  Curled  Hair, 
Moss,  Wool,  Hnsk,  Feathers,  Excelsior, 
Tow,  Cotton,  Ticking,  Twines,  Spring 
Beds,  Cot  Beds,  Etc., 

260  &  262  S.  Desplaines  St.,  Chicago. 


[    J.  B.  Smith.    C.  F.  Brown.    II.  I).  Smith. 

J.  B.  SIfllTH  &  CO., 

— ('ONTBACTOUS     FOU— 

STREET  PAVIING, 

78  L,a  Salle  St.,  Room  C, 

Dock  and  Mill,  North  Pier,  foot  of  Mich- 
igan Btreet. 


W.  L.  ROSEBOOM  S  CO., 

Commission  Merchants,  Dealers  in 

BROOM  CORN 

And  Broom  Manufacturers'  Supplies. 

Proprietors  Alba  Broom  Handle  Factory, 

Alba,  Mich. 

Sole  Western  Agents  for  the  Walrath 

Broom  Locks. 

Cor.  KINZIE  &  STATE  STS. 

IS.  $$.  BARRY  &  SOJH, 

255  &269  Wabash  Ave. 

Paper    Hangings 

AND  INTERIOR  DECORATIONS. 
SIGN  PAINTERS  AND  CON- 
TRACTORS   FOR 

PAINTING  AND  GLAZING. 

Chicago  Corset  Co., 

MANDFACTUREBS 

BAIiLrS  AND  KABO 

Corsets 


CHICAGO  and  NEW  YORK. 


CHICAGO 

Sugar  refininQ 

COMPAXY, 

Taylor  and  Beach  Sts., 

CHICAGO. 


Lyman  Baird.  Francis  Bradley 

Wyllys  W.  Baird.         Geo.  L.  Warner. 


ESTABLISHED  1857. 


BAIRD  &  BRADLEY, 

REAL  ESTATE, 

LOAN^RENTING 

AGENCY. 
90  La   Salle  Street, 

CHICAQO. 


Real  Estate  Bought  and  Sold  on  Com- 
miesion.  Property  Kented,  Managed  and 
Taxes  Paid. 

MONEY  LOANED  on  First  Mortgage 
for  a  term  of  years  at  Current  Kates, 


Wm.  D.  Kerfoot.      Geo.  Birkhoff,  Jr. 
ESTABLISHED  1864. 

Wm.  D.  Kerfoot&Co. 

85  Washington  Street, 

N.  W.  Cor.  Washington  and 
Dearborn  Streets, 

CHICAGO. 


REAL  ESTATE. 

Loan  (S:  Financial  Agts. 

Special   Attention   given    to    the 
Interest  of  Non- Residents. 


E.  A.  Cummings. 
Silas  M.  Moore. 


R.  C,  Giuins. 

C.  0.  Goss. 


^■^■Zummms^Jo 


Rehl  Estste 


ND  LOANS, 


Buy,  Sell  and  Manage 
Property   on 

-^IC  OMMISSIOH,!^- 

Collect  Rents  and  Pay  Taxes. 

HEGOTIATE   *  LOANS. 
Cor.  La  Salle  and  Madison  Sfs., 

Telephone  302. 

R.W.Hyman,Jr.&Co. 

184  DEARBORN  STREET, 

REAL  ESTATE 

AXD  LOANS. 


— U/fieefer  If  (2©. 

Grain  Elevators. 


James  F.  Griffin. 


Walter  T.  Dwifjht. 


OKIFFIN  A:  DWIGHT, 

REAL  ESTATE, 

Loan  and  Rentin";  Agents, 

Cor.  Washington  and  Halsted  Sts.. 

Real  Kstate  Mortgages  for  Sale. 


Turner  &  Bond  Co., 

149  LA  SALLE  STREET, 

REAL  ESTATE 

AXD  LOA^fS. 

GREEXEBAUM  SOXS, 

116&  118  La  Salle  St., 
CHICAOO, 

Mortgage  Bankers. 

Loans  on  Real  Estate. 

investnnents. 


F.  A.  Barnes.  S.  M.  Parish. 

— (15  Years  in  Business.)  — 

BARNE!$  &  PARIISH, 

REAL  ESTATE 

AXD  REXTIXti  AGEXTS, 

157  LA    SALLE  STREET,    CHICAGO. 

STORES  AND  HOUSES  RENTED, 

Rents  Collected,  Estates    Managed   and 

Taxes  Paid  for  Non-Kesidents,  Real 

Estate  Bought  and  Sold. 


W.  L.  Davis, 


C.  L.  Hammond, 
Member  Chicago 
Real  Estate  Board. 


Davis  &  Hammond, 

REAL.  ESTATE 

AXD  L.OANS. 

92  and  94  La  Salle  St., 
CHIC'ACwO. 


WM.  F.  JACOBS  &  CO., 


Real  Estate  &  Loans, 


i  18  DEARBORN  ST. 

S.  E.  GROSS, 

Real  Estate  a^d  Loans, 

Builder  and  ^Jieller  of 

Houses  and   Lots, 

Subdifider  and  Owner  of  City  &  Suburban  Property. 

S.  E.  Cor.  Dearborn  &  Randolph  Sts. 
CHICAGO. 

EDW.  C.  IVAIil^ER, 

Real  Estate  &  Loans, 

109  Home  Insurance  BIdg. 

Henry  H.  Handy.  Fillmore  Weigley.  Nicholas  J.  Neary. 

HASBY  &  eOMPAW, 

ABSTRACTS  of  TITLE 

Controlling  the  only  Complete  Abstract 
Books  to  all  Real  Estate  in  Chicago  and 
Cook  County^  Illinois. 

92,  94  AND  96  WASHINGTON  ST., 

cmc.A.a-0. 


W.  C.  KINNEY. 


J.  E.  KIMBALL. 


Kinney  &  Kimball, 

REAL  ESTATE 

AND  INVESTMENT  AGENTS, 
108&  110  Dearborn  Nt.,Chioago. 

Rooms  3  &  4.         Telephone  492. 
Bay  and  Sell  City  and  Country  Property, 
Negotiate  Loans,  Pay  Taxes 
and  Manage  Estates. 


—  .ESTABLISHED  1870.)- 

BELDEX  V.   eilLVER, 

REAL  ESTATE. 

85  WASHINGTON  STREET, 

CHICAGO. 

Ogden,  Sheldon&Co. 

-(ESTABLISHED  IN  1836),- 

I^ORTH  y^ESTERN  |_AND  J^GENCY, 

Room  3,  Ogden  BIdg., 

S.  W.  Cor.  LiakeA  Clarlt  Streets. 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 

E.  L.  Canfield, 

Real  Estate  &  Loans, 

164  RAWDOIiPH  ST., 
CHICAGO. 

Geo.  M.  Bogue.  Henhy  W.  Hoyt 

Hamilton  B.  Bjgue. 

BOCJIIE  &  HOYT, 

Real  Estate 


Agency 


182  Dearborn  St.,  R.  1,  2d  Floor. 

Established  1805.  Cliieaso. 

Real  Estate  Bought  and  Sold  on  Commis- 
sion.   Special  attention  Given  to  the 
Care  and  Management  of  Property. 
Taxes  Paid  and  Rents  Collected. 
Interests    of     Non-Residents      Carefully 
Looked  After.     Mortgage  Loans. 


P.  E.  Stanley  &  Co., 

Bankers  afid  Brokers^ 

REAL    ESTATE, 

96   Washington  SL, 

cmc.<;^(3-0- 


(ESTABLI8HED 1858.) 

SNYDACKER  &  CO.. 
Real  Estate  &  Loans, 

69  Dearborn  Street, 

CHICAGO. 

E,  S.  DRYER, 

Loans  &  Real  Estate, 

CHICAGO. 

J.  RoBSON  Weddell.  Richabd  S.  Cox,  Jr. 

WEDDELL&COX. 

Real  ^state  Investments; 

97  Washington  Street. 

Rooms  20  to  25.  CHICAGO. 

Established  1874. 

F.  A.  HENSHAW, 
Real  ^state  &  R  enting  jJgt. 

NOTARY     PUBLIC, 

161  Lia  Salle  St.,  Room  4, 

1st  FLOOR  NATIONAL  LIFE  B'LD'G., 
Telephone  1686.  CISIC-A-O-O, 


Jacob  Rosenberg. 


ARTHUR  C.  GEHR  &  CO., 

Snccessors  to  Sam'l  (iehr  A^  Son, 

114  UKAKKORX  ST. 

CHICAGO. 

MORTGAGE    LOANS  ON  REAL 
ESTATE. 

NORMAN  T.  GASSETTE  &  CO. 
REAL.  ESTATE, 

Loans&RentingAgts. 

57  DEARBORN    STREET, 

TELEPHONE   5720. 

WILLIAM  A.  MERIGOLD  &  CO., 

183    La  Salle   St. 

Heal  EstatCj 

Renting  and  Loans. 

Property  Sold,  Reiit<>cl,  and  Generally 

Managed. 

Money  To  Loan.  Telephone  425. 

0.  p.  COLLOT  &  CO., 


Real  Estate  &  Loans. 


75  Dearborn  Street, 

CHICAGO. 
Established    1855. 

E.W.  Zander  &  Co., 

Real  Estate  and  Loans, 
169  Washington  St.,  CHICAGO. 


AAIJON  B.  ME.\n.        .\L15KKT  I..  COE. 

(KHtaDliKl.cd  ISOV.^ 

MEAD  &  COE, 

Real  Estate  Agents, 

Mortgage  Loans  and  Collections, 

I  49  LA  SALLE  ST.,  Major  BIk., 

CHICAGO. 

JACOB  F.  REHM, 

Real  Estate  »!i£  Loans, 

Chicago  Opera  House  Building, 

Room  204.  CHICAGO. 

—Established  1865.— 

W.  L.  SCHBADEB,  Fb.  ScHEADER. 

Notary  Public. 

i^CHRADER  BROS., 

Real  Estate  Brokers, 

IC:^  ^Vashington  $^treet, 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 


D.  S.  Place. 


J.  H.  Whiteside. 


D. S.  PLACE  &  CO., 

Eeal  Estate  £c  Loans, 

145  LA  SALLE  ST.,  Room  1. 

CHICAGO. 

Office  Telephone,  824. 

Residence  Telephone,  4650. 

(ESTABLISHED  1854.) 

Knights  Marshall, 

REAL  ESTATE 

AXI>  LOAXS. 

97  S.  Clark  Street, 

CHICAGO. 


Van  H.  HiGGiNs.  Henry  J.  Furber. 

HIGGINS  S  FURBER, 

I^<^al  Estate, 

161  LA  SALLE  STREET, 

Boom  81    Telephone  615. 

FRANCIS  B.  PEABODY. 

JAS.  L.  HODGHTELING. 

FRANCIS  S.  PEABODY. 

Francis  B.  Peabody  &  Co., 

Mortgage  Loans, 

115  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago 

TELEPHONE  412. 

Wasmansdorf  &  Hsinemann, 
REAL    ESTATE 


LOANS, 

66  La  Salle  St. ,      Chicago. 

ESTABLISHED  1853. 

REAL    ESTATE 

AND   LOAN   AGENCY 

Ernst  ^r-u-ssing", 

CONVKYANCER, 

10  Borden  Block,  95  Randolph  St., 

CHICAGO. 

Money  to  Loan  on  Improved  Real  Estate  at 
LOWEST    RATES. 

B.  F.  JACOBS, 

Real  Estate  &  Loans, 

99  Washington  Street, 
CHICAGO. 

Property  bonght  and  sold  on  commission. 
Loans  negotiated.    Taxes  paid. 


W.  H.  CAIRNDUFF  &  CO., 


i\e(2[ 


1  Oslofe, 


Boom  67,  Calumet  Building, 

187  to  191  L.ai$alle  isit. 
CHICAGO, 

Subdivisions  a  Speciedty. 

^.  Be»t©n  ^©itsr, 

I^^al    E5tat(?, 

ROOMS  2  &  4, 

81  80.  CLARK  ST. 

F.  C.  VIERLING, 

Real  Estate  |  Loans, 

Buys,  Sells  and  Manages 

Property  on   Commission, 

TELEPHONE  NO.  125, 

No.    no    Dearborn    Street, 

S.  DELAMATER, 

Real  Estate   Dealer, 

S©  HDea-rToorn.  St., 

Main  Floor, 

§  CHIC-A-QO,  IXiL.  ? 

CH  AS.  SUNDBEKG,  Res.  68  Hamilson  Av. 
C.  C.  BUSHNELL,  Res.  429  S.  Leavitt  St. 

CHA.  SUNOBERG  &  CO  , 

GENERAL 

COXTRACTORS  AXD 
BIJILWERS. 

73  &  74  S<  llOOIi  WT.  ATSri> 

Rear  71  &  73  W.  Monroe  Street, 
CHICAGO. 

Auditorium  Constructions  a  Specialty. 


lyiCftvoY 

gREWlNG   QO., 
BREWERS, 

a349  SOrTH  PARK.    AVENUE, 

H.  H.  Shnfeldt,  H.  H.  Shufeldt, 

W.  C.  Egan,    8.  E.  EKan.    Thomas  Lynch. 

IMPERIAL    DISTILLERY. 

I H.  imm  If  CO. 

CHICAGO. 


RECTIFYING  HOL'SE. 

Corner  Kinzie   and 
Cass  Streets. 


DISTILLERY 
and  Bonded  Ware- 
houses, Chicago 
Ave.  Bridge. 


Michael"  BRAND 

BREWING  CO,, 

Brewers  of   Lager  Beer, 

Elston  Ave.  &  t^now  St., 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 


F.  SALTEE  &  CO., 

JOBBERS  IN 

rfeir)c  •  ^tf  r)iSKies. 

Sole  Owners  of  the 
"Maryland  Reserve  Rye." 

237  FIFTH  AVE.,       CHICAGO. 

Established  1860. 

Grommes&  Ullrich, 

Importers  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in 

FINE  WHISKIIES, 

Wines.  Liquors.  Cigars  and 

Mineral  Waters. 

104-106  Jladison  Street, 

CHICAGO. 


Peter  Schoenhofen 

BREWING  CO., 

Brewers, 


Canalport  Ave,  and  18th  Street. 


Ph.  Best  Brewing  Co. 

BREWERS, 


INDIANA  AND   DESPLAINES   STREET 


J.  S.  Dunham,  President;  Capt.  J.  R.  Sin- 
glair.  Superintendent;  Capt.  Chas. 
KoAOH,  Wrecking  Master. 

Dunham  Towing  and  Wrecking  Company, 

lO    TUOS.— T.    T.    MOKFOKD,    (t      W 

Gahdner,  W.  L.  Ewing,  R.  Ddnham, 
Uncle  Sam,  O.  B.  Green,  A.  Mosheh,  A. 
Miller,  J.  C.  Ingram,  F.  Thielcke. 

PLIMPS.— 14  inch  Worthington,  for 
water  only;  12  indi  Rotary,  for  water  and 
all  kinds  of  grain;  8  inch  Centrifugal, 
for  water,  grain  and  all  kinds  of  coal  not 
larger  than  7  inches  in  diameter;  4  inch 
Wrecking  and  Eire  Pump,  on  board  of 
Tug  A.  Mosher.  Tugs,  Steam  Pumps, 
Divers,  Hawsers,  Lifting  Screws,  Lighters, 
Etc..  furnished  promptly  on  orders  by 
Telegraph  or  otiiervvise.  Office  Open  Day 
andNight,  'Zii-l  South  Water  Street. 
Telephone  No.  8M,  and  private  line  at 
isth  St.  Bridge,  and  Life  Saving  Station, 
at  Pier,  Chicago. 


The  Lake  Michigan  and  Lake  Superior 

TRANSPORTATION  COMPANY. 

Semi-Weekly    Line    of    First-class    Pas- 
senger and  Freight  Strs.  between 
•  'hioago,  Mil^vauUee  &  Wuliith. 

Close  connection  made  at  Diiluth,  for 
all  points  in  Minnesota,  Dakota,  Montana, 
Oregon  and  Manitoba.  Usual  Running 
Time  between  Chicago  and  Dulutli  iive 
and  one-half  days.  Boats  constituting  the 
line— Peerless,  City  ofDuluth,  Jos.  L. 
HuRD,  Jay  Gould,  City  of  Fremont  and 
City  of  Traverse. 

GENERAL  OFFICE. 

Market  and  Washington  Sts..  Chicago. 


l/rri  PY  Brewing 
IVLlLL  I       Company, 

BREWERS, 

Foot   of    East    18th   St. 

FRANZ    FALK 

BREWING   CO., 

JBrewers, 

91   No.  Union  St. 

J.   OBERMANN 

BREWING  CO., 

BREWERS, 

Ohio  Street, 

Cor.  Desplaines. 


BREWERS, 

West    1 2th    Street, 

Oor.  BrowTi  St. 


FORTUNE  BROS.' 

BREWING  CO. 

$SSS5  South  Desplaines  (Street. 


Val.BlatzBrewingCo. 

Brewers, 

Erie  &  Union  Sts. 

JOS.   SCHLITZ 

BREWING    CO., 

BEEWEES, 

OHIO  ST.,  Cor.  UNION. 

ERNST  BROTHERS 

BREWING   CO., 

BREWERS, 

67  Larrabee  Street. 

Telephone  4231 . 

The  Wacker  &  Birk 

BREWING  CO., 

Chas  H.  Wacker,     -       -      Pres.  &  Treas. 
Jacob  Birk,         -       -  Vice-Pres. 

Wm.  A.  Birk,  -       -      Secretary. 

Brewery:  Elevator: 

161-181  N.  DesplainesSt.    16-22  Indiana  St 

Malt  House:  178-192  N.  Jefferson  St. 

171  IV.  Desplaines  Street, 

CHICAGO,   ILL, 

Bottlers  of  Celebrated  Wieaer  and  Ulmer  Beer. 

W.  L  GOGGIN 

BOTTLER   OF 
Telephone  1082. 


j#ipiwi'.!!!''*?f'' 


(B'  (f!  "  " 

„..  HOMi:  PRtSLRVING' COMPANY'S 
■     ROVAL  MAPLE  SYRUP     - 

^iJfrrr'rTrr- 


H.  H.  KOllLSAAT 


BAKERY 


196  and  198  CLARK  ST., 


83  Lake  Street, 


* CHICAGO. 


G.  S.  Chapin.      J.  J.  Gore.      J.  S.  Carter. 

CHAPIN  &  QORE, 

WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 

IMPORTED  WINES.  LIQUORS  AND 
CIGARS, 

73  and  75  Monroe  St., 
CHICAGO. 

BRAIVCH  STORE$$: 

152  22d  Street.  121  Clark  Street. 

214  3l8t  Street.  47  Clark  Street. 

226  La  Salle  Street. 

528  and  530  Delaware  St.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1042  Union  Avenue,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

No.  23  Boulevard   Haussmann,  Paris. 


Lord  &  Thomas, 

Newspaper  4  Hdvertisin 


cr 


45, 47  S  49  RANDOLPH  ST. 


Advertisements  inserted  in  any  Newspaper,  Magazine 
or  Periodical  at  a  saving  in  Money,  Time  and  Labor  to 
the  advertiser,  and  rendered  effective  by  the  adoption 
of  correct  methods  and  paying  mediums.  Estimates 
and  information  free  to  advertisers. 

The  *.•  Most  •.•  Extensive  •/Advertising 
Establishment  •/  in  •.*  the  •/World. 


kid  Mdng  Circulation  in  Gbicago. 


The  most  phenomenal  success    in 
Journalism. 


5l7(?  ^l7i(;a(§o  j^erald 


8  PAGES  FOR  2  CENTS. 


Delivered  to  any  part  of  Chicago  and  sub- 
urbs by  careful  carriers  seven  days 
each  week,  iucluding  the  large 
Sunday  Herald^ 


YOU     CAN     ORDER     BY     POSTAL    CARD. 


&ml'^^'^S.K^hi^' 


THE  LIGHT 
RUNNING 


1^ 

0 


o 

© 
o 
o 

© 
© 


WHITE 


SEWING 
MACHINE, 


Cl 
O 

d 

H 

H 
O 

H 

a 

O 

M 


H.  J.  Whitcomb  &  Son 

296  Wabash  Avenue,    -    CHICAGO. 


MURRAY  &  RAKER, 

Manufacturers  of 

Awnings  and  Tents, 

WATERPROOF  COVERS, 

FOLDlNCi  CANVAS  COTS.  Etc. 

Tents   and     Camp    Furniture 
For  Rent. 

COR.  RANDOLPH  &  JEFFERSON  STS. 
CHICAGO. 


GODFREY  &  CLARK, 

-^        -H-MAKERS-t*- 

165,  167  &  169  S.  Canal  St., 
CHICAGO. 

W.  F.  Behel,  Pres.    Thos.  Roulead,  Sec. 

W.  F.  BEHEL  CO., 

{Successors  to  Oos-i  d-  Phillips  Mfg.  Co.) 
Manuiiicturers  of 

Interior  Finish,  Mantels 

Sideboards,  Book  Cases,  Sash,  Doors, 

Blinds,  Frames  and  Stair  Work. 

"W.  22d  St.  &  Center  Ave.,  Chicago. 

Telephone  9130. 

PITKIN  &  BROOKS, 

Importers  and  Jobbers, 

OEOOKEEY, 

Glassware,  Lamps  and  Chandeliers. 
Cor.  Lake  &  State  Sts. 


Red,  White,  Alsyke  &  Lucerne,  Timothy, 

Linseed,  Millets,  Orchard  (irass.  Blue 
Grass,  Red  Top,  Bird  Seeds,  Pop  Corn, Etc. 

The  ALBERT  DICKINSON  CO. 

Seed  llereliants, 

(115,  117  &  119Kinzie  St. 
Warehouses  }  104.  lliO,  108  &  liu  Michigan  St. 
(  198,  200,  202  &  204  Market  St. 

Offices,  115  Kinzie  St.,      Chicag-o. 
Albert  Dickinson,  President. 

Charles  Dickinson,  Vice-President. 

Nathan  Dickinson,  Treasurer. 


GEO.  B.  CARPENTER  &  CO., 

-  -Dealers  in — 

TWINES  AND  CORDAGE, 

COTTON  DUCK,  STKKL  and  IRON 

WIRE  ROPK,  CHAINS. 

BLOCKS,    Etc. 

202  to  208  South  Water  Street, 
CHICAGO. 

GOODYEAR 

RUBBER  COMPANY 

CEO.  CLAPP,  AGENT. 

ALL  KINDS  RUBBER  GOODS. 

147  and  149  Fifth  Avenue. 
THE  ADAM  J.  PRESS  MNFG.  CO. 

Successors  to  the  BRACHVQGEL  & 
PRESS  MNFG.  CO., 

MANUFAOTUREHS  AND  JOBBERS  OF 

PICTURE    FRAMES 

AND   MOULDINGS, 

Parlor  Piers  and    Mantel    Glasses,  Steel 
Engravings  and  Chromos. 

261  &  253  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicag-o, 

OHIOuSLOO 

Hansom  Cab  Comp'y 

Office  and  Stables: 

203  to  207  S.  Clinton  St. 

Telephone  No.5501.  i|  C.  A.  Needham,  Siipt. 

Numbers  of  Cabs  from  21  to  70  inclusive, 
and  72. 


FOREST    GLEN   FLORAL    CO., 

FLORISTS. 

Growers,  Importers  and  Shippers  of 

Finest  Cut  Flowers,  Plants  &,  Seeds. 

Latest  Floral  Designs  on  Short  Notice. 
Green  Houses:    Forest  Glen,  Cook  Co., 

Illinois. 

OflBces  and  Stores:  173  Wabash  Ave.,  Tel. 

5759;  250  W.  Madison  St.,  Tel.  4211. 

M.  E.  PAGE,  President, 

CHICAGO. 


47 


-^iTHBi^ 


LLINOIS  \TAATS-/£ITUNG 

Published  Daily  and  Weekly. 


Sunday  Edition:    D<^r   UL/SStCQ, 

^^^^  HAS   THE  ^^^^ 
f  LARGEST  ?  CIRCULATION   ^ 

Of  any  German  Paper  west  of  New  York 


ITS   T7".A-IjTJE    .A.S    -^iT 

Advertising    Medium 

IS  UNEXCELLED. 

Illinois  Staats-Zeitung  60., 


We  are  the  "only"  Iloues  that  Never  Sleeps. 

J.  L  Regan  Printing  Co. 

NIGHT  m>  DAY  PRINTERS 

:  -^iTID  : 

Book  |T\anufacturers, 

Cor.  Lake  &  Franklht  Sts,,  Chicago. 


We  have  the  largest  and  most  complete  establishment  for  Book 
Manufacturing  in  the  country,  and  Publisliers  should  call  on  us  be- 
fore placing  their  orders  as  we  can  offer  them  special  inducements  in 

TIME,     QUALITY    AND    PRICE. 


4^ Pennsylvania  jines.^* 
DIRECT.  IcniiTuM^^^^' 

SAFE,  mUUInl     QUICK. 


Runs  Through  Coaches  and  Pullman  Sleeping  Cars  from 

Union  Passenger  Station,  Canal  and  Adams  Sts., 


CHICAGO 


To  Indianapolis,  Louisville  and  Cincinnati, 

Connecting  with  Trains  of  the  Southern  Lines  for  all  Points  in 

KENTUCKY,  GEORGIA,  ALABAMA, 

TENNESSEE,         MISSISSIPPI,        CAROLINAS, 


C.  VT.  ADAMS,  Asst.  Qen.  Passenger  Agent, 

65  Clarlc  Street,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


E.  A.  FORD,  General  Passenger  Agent,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

J.  F.  MILLER,  General  Superintendent,  Columbus,  O. 
JAMES  McCREA,  General  Manager,  Pittsburgh, Pa. 


Pennsylvania  Lines. 

^^r  *  *  *  *  ^^^      A^l    ^^^»        I   *  *  *  *  ^^^ 

The  Pittsburgh,  Ft.Wayne&  Chicago  Ry. 

Ft.Wayhe  Route, 

Runs  Pullman  Palace  Buffet  and  Sleeping  Cars,  without  Change,  from 

CHICACO,-via— PITTSBURGH, 

To  Harrisburg,  Baltimore,  Washington, 

Philadelphia   and    New  York. 

Through  the  Superb  Scenery  of  the  ALLEGHANY  MOUNTAINS. 


The  Pennsylvania  Limited 

Composed  exclusively  of  Pullman  Vestibuled  Cars,  is 
acknowledged  the  Finest  Train  in  existence. 

Fast  Line,  Eastern  Express  and  Day  Express 

render  excellent  service,  and  each  possess  character- 
istics of  time  and  equipment  that  especially  adapt 
them  to  particular  requirements  of  travel. 

C.  W.  ADAMS,  Asst.  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent, 

65    CliARK   STREET,   CHICAGO. 


E.  A.  FORD,  General  Passengrer  Agent,         -       -       -   )   

"W.  A.  BAI.D"WT:N,  Manag-er,    ------        h  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

JAMES  McCREA,  General  Manager,       -       -       -       .   )  " 


bo  I  Alton  E.  E. 


The  Pioneer  Palace  Reclining  Chair  Car  Route. 
The  Pioneer  Palace  Dining  Car  Route. 

The  Pioneer  Pullman  Palace  Buffet  Sleeping  Car  Route. 


Two  Trains  Daily,   Sundays  Included, 


BEi'-';xrEEiT 


CHICAGO  AND  KANSAS  CITY 
ST.    LOUIS   AND    KANSAS    CITY. 


Lightning  Night  Express  Daily,  Sundays  included, 

Night  Express  I>aily,  (Sundays  included, 

Day  Express  Daily,  Sundays  excepted^ 

Between  Ghicago  and  St.   Louis. 


For  tickets  and  information  apply  at  any  Coupon  Ticket  Office  in 
the  United  States  or  Canada,  or  to 

JA:\rES  CHAELTON, 

Oeiieral  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agent, 

GEO.  J.  CHARLTON, 

Ass't  Gen   Pissenger  and  Ticket  Agent. 

No.  210  Dearborn  Street,  near  Corner  Adams  Street, 


c 


hicago  &  Alton  R.  R. 


No  Change  OF  Cars     )     CHICAGO  &.  KANSAS  CITY 

nr,   AW  PTAQQ  >         CHICAGO  &.  ST.    LOUIS 

OF    ANY    CLASS  /  :Af<D- 

-iBETWEEN:-  )       ST.     LOUIS     &.     KANSAS     CITY. 

UNION   DEPOTS  IN 

EAST    ST.   LOUIS,    ST.   LOUIS,   KANSAS    CITY, 
and  CHICAGO. 

No  other  line  ruus 

PALACE    DINING  CARS 

between  CHICAGO  and  KANSAS  CITY,  CHICACilO  and  ST. 
LOUIS,  and  ST.  LOUIS  and  KANSAS  CITY.      Mca/s  equal 
to  those  served  in  any  F'u  st-Class  Hotel,  only  7 j  ce7its. 
THE   Fi:isrEST 

PALACE  RECLINING  CHAIR  CARS 

in  the  world  are  run  in  all  TlirouL«'h  Trains,  day  and  nigl)l,  without 
change,  and  FREE  OF  EXTRA  CHARGE. 

PULLMAN  PALACE  SLEEPING  CARS 

the  finest,  best  and  safest  in  use  anywhere. 

The  best  and  quickest  route  from  CHICAGO  to  MEM- 
PHIS, MOBILE,  NEW  ORLEANS,  and  all  points 
SOUTH  via  ST.   LOUIS. 

THE    SHOPIT    JLiaNTE    TO 

Missouri,  Arkansas,  Texas,  Kansas,  ('olorado.  New  Mexico, 
Arizona,  Nebraska,  Oregon,  California,  etc. 

The  GREAT  EXCURSION  ROUTE  between  the  NORTH  AND  SOUTH 
and  to  and  from  KANSAS  LANDS  and  the  HEALTH  RESORTS  and 
MINING  DISTRICTS  of  the  West  and  Southwest. 

See  tliat  your  tickets  read  via  "CHICAGO  &,  ALTON 
RAILROAD." 

For  Maps,  Time  Tables  and  all  information,  address 

JAMES  CHARLTON, 

General  Passenger  and  Tieket  Agent, 

ceo.  J.  CHKRI^XON. 

Ass't  General  Passenger  and  Tieket  Agent, 

210  Dearborn  St.,  Cor.  Adams  St., 


CHICAGO  OFFICES     62  CLARK  STREET,  (SHERMAN  HOUSE); 
PALMER    HOUSE;    GRAND  PACIFIC  HOTEL; 
PASSENGER    STATION,  CORNER   WELLS 
AND    KINZIE    STREETS 


!t5  £ 


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•HE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN 
STAKES     RANK    WITH    THE    BEST, 

^RAILWAYS  OF  THE  WORLD.    ITS , 

l_iTRACK  OF  WELL   BALLASTED 

oXsTEEL    PENETRATES 
O 

'^■"IN     EIGHT    STATES    AND 


THEfco 
CENTRES    OF   POPULATION      ^ 


UJ 

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TERRITORIES.     ITS    DAY 

COACHES  AND  PALACE 

SLEEPING    &    DINING 

CARS    AFFORD    THE 

HIGHEST    REALIZA- 


<Il<    \TION    OF   SAFETY, 
2  co^  o\ LUXURY  &SPEED. 

CE  ijj  Z  O    \ 


AND     MINNEAPOLIS, 


■^ 


IT   13  THE    POPU 

LAR   SHORT    LINE' 

BETWEEN  CHICAGO\    II 

I- COS 

St  PAUL,  DULUTH,  IVIIL-\~  ^  ^ 

WAUKEE,  MARQUETTE,\    ^^ 

-•-  /  OMAHA,    DENVER,  PORtA  ^  < 

LAND,  THE  PACIFIC  C0ASt\=5o 

AND  THE  CHEAP  LANDS  ANdV"  u 

FREE   HOMES  OF   NEBRASKA) 

DAKOTA.    THE  ONLY  ROUTE 

[TO   THE   BLACK   HILLS,   ANl 

FTHE  PIONEER   CALIFORNIA  LINE,! 


J.M.WHITMAN, 

G«n'l  Manager. 


H.C.  WICKER,     E.P.WILSON, 

Tr&ffic  Manager.  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent.^ 


c  ^■■ 


DC    O     $ 


5    X 


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OMAHA— W.  N.  BABCOCK,  Gen'l  Western  Agent, 

1411   FARNAM    STREET. 

DENVER—       -         G.  D.  WILLIAMSON,   General  Agent, 

8   WINDSOR   HOTEL   BLOCK. 

SAN    FRANCISCO—       -         -         H.  P    STANWOOD,  General  Agent, 

2    NEW   MONTGOMERY   STREET. 

PORTLAND,  OREGON—      -        -        -        -        W.  H.  MEAD,  General  Agent. 


7,000  MILES 

of  First  Class 

Railway, 

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5-  -    H  a--  n  c  "^ 

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-"*    H    ^  »  E-  11  a  „ 
_  1  £ 5   17  ft? 

H)  H  2.0.   y  P.S 


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"—     .(IB' 


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==  S  II 


THE  BEST  IS  THE  CHEAPEST. 


THE 


THE     GREAT 


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EIET'sTT-EEOiT 


CHICAGO, 

BUFFALO, 
BOSTON, 

AND  NEW  YORK, 

INSUEINQ  SPEED,  COMFOST  ani  SAFETY. 
The  Route  of  the  Celebrated 

Chicago  and  New  York  Limited. 

The  only  line  running  a 

LIMITED  TRAIN  TO  BOSTON, 

Mating  the  run  in 


UNSURPASSED  FOR  EQUIPMENT. 


UNRIVALLED  FOR  SPEED. 


UNEQUALLED  FOR  ADVANTAGES. 


ABBt.  Gen.  Manager. 


F.  I.  IVHITXEY. 

Western  Pass.  Agent. 


A.  J.  MM  IT  II. 

Gen.  Pass.  &  Ticket  A^-ent. 


Jf^e  1^83509  U/f^y ! 


IT  has  been  stated  by  one  well   posted  on  the  Rail- 
ways of  this  country,  that  the 

Lake  Shore  and  New  York  Central  Railways 

presented  to  the  Traveling  Public  the  Natural  Highway 
between  Chicago  and  New  York;  that  this  Route  pos- 
sessed every  advantage  obtainable  in  the  construction 
of  a  great  Railway -absence  of  grades,  directness  of 
line,  thriving  towns,  populous  and  important  cities,  pic- 
turesque and  historic  scenery  the  entire  distance  to 
attract  and  interest  the  passenger. 

Added  to  this,  it  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  the 
only  Double  Track  Railway  between  Chicago,  Boston 
and  New  York,  as  well  as  the  only  line  that  conveys  its 
passengers  into  New  York  City,  (Grand  Central  Depot, 
42d  St.)  without  change  or  transfer  of  any  kind. 

This  Route  besides  being  famed  for  running  the 
fastest  train  in  the  World  for  the  distance- the  cele- 
brated Chicago  and  New  York  Limited-  is  noted  for  its 
fine  equipment  generally.  The  Lake  Shore  Coaches 
are  of  the  latest  and  best  design  ;  separate  coaches 
being  provided  for  second-class  passengers,  in  which 
no  smoking  is  allowed. 

The  Wagner  Palace  Car  Co.  first  operated  its  cars 
in  the  West  over  the  Lake  Shore  Ry.  The  advance  in 
the  methods  of  car  construction  by  this  Company, 
since  it  began  the  building  of  its  own  cars,  has  been  so 
marked,  and  its  achievement  so  great,  that  it  has  come 
to  be  regarded  as  the  leading  Sleeping  Car  Company 
of  this  country,  building  and  operating  its  own  cars, 
and  it  is  determined  that  the  LAKE  SHORE  ROUTE 
shall  be  equipped  with  the  best  cars  it  can  furnish. 

For  New  York,  Boston  and  all  Points  East,  the  Lake 
Shore  presents  to  the  traveling  public  all  that  is  desir- 
able in  Railway  Transport. 


^f(ireatll^ailu/ay. 


The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railway  Company 
now  owns  and  operates  nearly  fifty-six  hundred  miles  of 
thoroughly  equipped  road  in  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Minne- 
sota, Iowa,  Missouri  and  Dakota.  Each  recurring  year 
its  lines  are  extended  in  all  directions  to  meet  the  necessi- 
ties of  the  rapidly  populating  sections  of  country  \A^est, 
northwest  and  southw^est  of  Chicago,  and  to  furnish  a 
market  for  the  products  of  the  greatest  agricultural  and 
stock-raising  districts  of  the  w^orld.  In  Illinois  it  operates 
320  miles  of  track;  in  Wisconsin  1,220  miles;  in  Iowa 
1,575  miles;  in  Minnesota  1,125  rniles ;  in  Dakota  1,190 
miles;  in  Missouri  (now  building!  150  miles,  and  the  end 
is  not  yet.  It  has  terminals  in  such  large  cities  as  Chicago, 
Milw^aukee,  LaCrosse,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Fargo,  Sioux 
City,  Council  Bluffs,  Omaha,  St.  Joseph  and  Kansas  City, 
and  along  its  lines  are  hundreds  of  large  and  small  thriv- 
ing cities,  towns  and  villages.  Manufacturing  interests 
are  cultivated,  and  all  branches  of  trade  find  encourage- 
ment. The  Railway  Company  has  a  just  appreciation  of 
the  value  of  its  patrons,  and  its  magnificent  earnings  are 
the  result  of  the  good  business  tact  which  characterizes 
the  management  of  its  affairs. 

The  popularity  of  the  line  is  attested  by  the  fact  that 
notwithstanding  the  strongest  kind  of  competition  of  old 
and  new  lines,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Pail  Railway 
continues  to  carry  fully  sixty  per  cent,  of  all  the  business 
between  Chicago,  Milwaukee,  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis. 
It  is  the  best  patronized  route  to  and  from  all  points  in 
Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Dakota  and  Iowa,  and  on  the 
completion  of  its  Kansas  City  line  early  in  1888,  it  will 
undoubtedly  take  equal  rank  with  the  older  lines  leading 
to  and  from  the  southwest. 

On  all  its  through  lines  of  travel  the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee &  St.  Paul  Railw^ay  runs  the  most  perfectly  equipped 
trains  of  Sleeping,  Parlor  and  Dining  Cars  and  Coaches. 
No  effort  is  spared  to  furnish  the  best  accommodations  for 
the  least  money,  and,  in  addition,  patrons  of  the  road  are 
sure  of  courteous  treatment  from  its  employes. 


ARE    YOU    GOING    WEST? 

If  so,  don't  forget  that  the  CHICAGO,  MILWAU- 
KEE &  ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY  furnishes  the  shortest  and 
best  route  to  all  principal  cities  in  the  WEST  AND  NORTH- 
WEST. It  runs  three  express  trains  daily  except  Sunday, 
and  two  express  trains  daily  from  Chicago  to  Milwaukee, 
LaCrosse,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  points  beyond.  It 
runs  two  express  trains  daily  from  Chicago  to  Council 
Bluffs,  Omaha,  Denver  and  San  Francisco.  It  runs  two 
express  trains  daily  to  Sioux  City,  Yankton  and  Sioux 
Falls  via  Manilla,  and  it  runs  a  host  of  express  trains  to 
all  other  prominent  points  on  its  own  5,600  miles  of 
thoroughly  equipped  road  in  Northern  Illinois,  Wisconsin, 
Minnesota,  Dakota,  Iowa  and  Missouri.  For  maps,  time- 
tables, rates  of  fare,  sleeping-car  berths,  and  other  in- 
formation call  upon  ticket  agent  of  any  road  east  of  Chicago, 
or  address  F.  A.  MILLER,  Assistant  General  Passenger 
Agent,  No.  C3  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  111.,  or  A.  Y.  H. 
CARPENTER,  General  Passenger  Agent,  Milwaukee,  Wis 


MlCHIGMrENTRAL 


PR£S"T.  &  G£N'L  Mj 


PREST.  &  GENL  MANAGER. 


AS  ST.    QEN.   PASS.  AOENT, 


GEN.  PASSENGER   a     VCKET   AGT. 


Illinois  Central 


^ 


.t.  mi^ 


ELEGANT 

Pullman 

BUFFET  SLEEPEf\S 
jJlGhlT  TfV^lNS. 


See  That  Tickets  l\EAD 

^iLLiKois  OeKti^al  r.r: 

E.  T.  JEFFERY,  T.J.HUDSON,  A.H.HANSON, 

Ge'«-l  Manager.  Traffic  Managcr.  Gen-l  Pass.   AaCNT. 


IlilllllllillllllUlllilllliilllillllllillllllUllilil 

'^1 


48 


THE 

WISCONSIN 
CENTRAL 

V   LINE  > 


'•"'""      and 

%lor  Car  Route 


TO  AND  FROM 


THE  NORTHWEST. 


TICKET  OFFICES: 

CHICACO-205  Clark  St. 

"  Depot,  Cor.  Pol k  St.  &,  5th  Ave. 

"  Palmer  House. 

"  Grand  Pacific  Hotel. 

"  Tremont  House. 

MILWAUKEE-395  Broadway. 

"  New  Passenger  Station. 

ST.  PAUL- I  73  East  Third  Street. 

"  Union  Depot. 

MINNEAPOLIS-19  Nicollet  House  Block. 
"  Union  Depot. 


WHEN  YOU  TRAVEL 


Line  selected  by  the  United   States  Government  to  carry 
the  Fast  IWail,— the 


Burlington 
"Route 

C.B.&Q.R.R. 


As  it  is  the  Line  running  Through  Trains  to   and  from  tha 
following  cities  and  towns  on  its  own  Lines: 

CHICAGO, 

AURORA,  OTTAWA, 

STREATOR.ROGKFORD, DUBUQUE, 

LACROSSE,  ST.  PAUL,  MIKKEAPQLIS, 

MENDOTA,  PEORIA,  GALESBURG,   ST.  LOUIS, 

QUINGY,  KEOKUK,  BURLINGTON,  WASHINGTON, 

OSKALOOSA,     DES     MOINES,      CHARITON, 

CRESTON,    ST.   JOSEPH,    ATCHISON. 

KANSAS  CITY,  NEBRASKA  CITY, 

OMAHA,  COUNCIL  BLUFFS, 

LINCOLN  &  DENVER, 

Making  Direct  Connections 

TO  AND   FROWl 

NEW    YORK 

BALTIMORE,  WASHINGTON, 

GINCINNAT!,PHILADELPHIA,BOSTON, 

NEW  ORLEANS,  LOUISVILLE,  SAN  FRANCISCO, 

LOSANGELES,  SALT  LAKECITY,  COLORADO  AND 

PACIFIC  COAST  RESORTS,  CITY  OF  MEXICO, 

PORTLAND.   OREGON,    MANITOBA, 

VICTORIA  AND  PUGET  SOUND 

POINTS. 


Good    Equipment, 

Good   Service, 

Good  Connection. 


For  information  concerning  the  Burlington  Route,  apply 
to  the  nearest  Ticket  Agent  of  the  C,  B.  &;  Q.  or  con- 
necting railroads. 

HENRY  B.STONE,  PAUL  MORTON, 

General  Manager,        Gen'l  Pass.  &  Ticket  Agt., 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 


Pullman  Palace  Buffet  Sleeping  Cars  and 
Xuxurions  Boudoir  Chair  Cars  make  tliia  the 
^favorite  line  for  SOUTHERN  TOURISTS. 
Choire  of  routes  via  Mammoth  Cave  or  the 
•Old  Battle  Fields.  For  Tourist  Guides  and 
particulars  address  E.  O.  McCORMICK,  Gen'l 
Passenger  Agent. 

CITY  TICKET  OFFICE. 

V3     CI-.A.X5.K:     ST..     CXHCA-GO, 


ILLINOIS 

ruit^tar\c| 


m 


^BANK* 


145  and  147  Randolph  Street, 
CHICAGO. 

Cash  Capital.    -       .    S500.000.00 

Invested  in  U.  S.  Gov.  Bonds  at  Par. 

Additional  Liabilities 

of  (Stockholders,    S500.000.00 
SURPIiUS,  -      -        -    $406,461.00 

DIRECTORS. 

John  McCafifery.  John  B.  Drake. 

(tbo.  Sturges.  Geo.  Straut. 

Wm.  H.  Keid.  Wm.  H.  MitcheU. 

John  Crerar.  R.  T.  Crane. 

John  J.  MitcheU. 
John  J.  Mitchell,  President. 
John  B.  Drake,  Vice-President. 
Wm.  H.  Mitchell,  Second  Vice-President. 
Jas.  S.  Gibbs,  Cashier. 

W.  C.  D.  Ghannis,  President. 
C.  B.  Fabwell,  Vice-President. 
F.  P.  Wilson,  Cashier. 
S.  W.  Stone,  Asst.  Cashier. 

>THE< 

Jtlas  [Rational  Qank  of  Qhicago 

Organized  May,  1886. 

Capital,  $700,000.     Surplus  and  Net 
Profits,  $67,195.47. 

Established  1867. 

J.  V.  Clabke,  President. 

Hamilton  B.  Dox,  Cashier. 

J.  V.  Clarke,  Jr.,  Asst.  Cashier. 

Chas.  F.  Clarke,  Mang'r  Savings  Dept. 

Hibernian    Banking 

y^SSOCIATION. 
S.  W.  Cor.  Clark  and  Lake  Streets. 


GERMAN   AMERICAN 

INSURANCE    COMPANY 

OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 

Cash  Capital -  -  -  - «!  fi^C'^ 

Cash  As.sets,  Jan.  1, 1887 ^rn-"^fi^-?4 

Reinsurance  Reserve o  q?^'o-qia 

Net  Surplus o-^ll'oXo-}! 

Surplus  to  Policy  Holders 3,S44,-J<3.U 

WESTERN  DEPAKTM'T- CHICAGO   ILL. 
EuGFNR  Tart,  J.  S.  Pei-den, 

Mn»n(iPr.  Associate  Manager. 

'  Chicaijo  Agents,  MOORE&  JANES. 


MAK.sTH.p;\3TE8T  TIME^°-^"^ 


South  #  Southeast 

PALACE  BUFFET  SLEEPING  CARS  RUN  DAILY 

BETWEEN 


^s- 


Without  change  and  on  a  fast  schedule  which  cannot  be  made  by  any  other  lino 

between  the  same  points.     The  time  made  by  the  fast  train  on 

this  route  between   Chicago  and   Nashville,   is 

less  than  sixteen  hours. 


•  o^o> 


THIS  ROUTE   IS  THE   MOST  DIRECT  ONE  TO 

CHATTANOOGA,    ATLANTA,     MACON,      SAVANNAH, 
CHARLESTON,     BIRMINGHAM,    MONTGOMERY, 

And  to  all  Points  in  FLORIDA,  and  is  the  Scenic  Route  to 

]V[0]3ILE#rlEV/  Ol^LEAplg. 

NO  EXTRA  FARE  ON  THE  CHICAGO  AND  NASHVILLE  FAST  TRAIN 

for  Bates,  Time  Tables  and  information  in  detail,  address 

WILLIAM    HILL,  Gen  l  Passenger  Agent. 

CHICAaO.   ILL. 


the: 


Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroai, 

IS  THE  ONL?  LINE  THAT  BUNS  SOLID  THAINS 


CHICAGO 


-TO- 


THE  ATLAITTIC  SEABOAHD. 


It  is  the  Only  Line  Eunnin^  Trains 

On  all  its  Express  Trains  between  THE  EAST  AND  WEST,  Palace  Sleeping 

Cars.     Day  Coaches  and  Baggage  Cars  are  run  through 

without  break  or  transfer. 

No  Change  of  Cars  Eequired 

FOR  PASSENGERS  OF  ANY  CLASS,  AND    NO  RISK   OF  DAMAGE   INCURRED 
BY   FREQUENT  HANDLING  OF  BAGGAGE. 

Siporlor  EoaHway,  Matoliless  Sconery, 
Liniteil  l^mi  Trains,  lo  lin  Fare, 

Dining  Car  Service  Uneiicelleil. 

W.  W.    PEABODY,  C.    K.    LORD, 

Manager,  General  Passenger  Agent, 

CHICAGO,  ILL.  BALTIMORE,  MD. 


A  merican  Express 
r*   0onipany, 

THE  LARGEST  EXPRRSS  COMPANY 
/iV  THE  WORLD. 

/^PERATING  Over  38.000  Maes  of 
>£/ Railroad.  ."i.OiKJ  Agencies.  Low 
lliites  for  Transportation  of  Money. 
Sells  ^loney  Orders  for  any  Amount, 
payable  in  This  and  Foreif?n  Countries. 

(COLLECTS  DRAFTS,  NOTES, 

BILLS  AND  OTHER  PAPERS. 


ATTENDS  to  Recording  Deeds.  Paying 
Taxes,  and  Any  and  All  IMl^OR- 
TANT  COMMISSIONS. 

Best  of  Facilities 

FOR    TRANSPORTATION    OF    MER- 
CHANDISE, MONEY,  BONDS 
AND  VALUABLES. 

Main  Office:   72  to  78  MONROE  ST., 

CHICAGO. 


CHICAGO. 

The    Largest    Manufacturers 
in  the  World  of 

TWINE  BINDERS, 

Reapers  -^ 

— AND — 

■^  MO¥ERS, 

And  Binder  Twine. 

OFFICE  AND  WORKS: 

Fullerton  &  Clybourn  Aves. 


THES 


abasl^I^ailu/ay 

Is  the  Direct,  Most  Popular  and  only  Line  running 

To  and  from  all  the  following  Principal  Points: 

St.  Louis,       Fort  Wayne,      Toledo,       Detroit, 

St.  Thomas,    Niagara  Falls,    Buffalo,    New  York, 
Boston,        Chicago,        Decatur,  Peoria, 

Springfield,      Jacksonville,     Quincy,       Hannibal, 
Kansas  City,  Keokuk,  Indianapolis        and  Cincinnati. 

The  Car  Service  of  the  Wabash  Railway 

Is  the  unsurpassed,  and  consists  of  handsome  NEW  SMOKING  and  PARLOR  COACHES, 
Elegant  FREK  RECLINING  CHAIR  CARS,  the  best  and  most  completely  eqmpped  DINXNG 
OAR  SERVICE  in  the  World,  and  the  magnificent 

PULLMAN  PALACE,  WAGNER  and  WOODRUFF  SLEEPING  CARS. 

John  McNulta,    K.  H.  Wade,      S.  W.  Snow,  ^PLUPAPn 

Receiver.  Gen'l  Superintendent.       Gen'l  Pass.  Agent.   )UniUAuU« 


D.S.  Express  Company, 

87  &  89  Washington  St.,  Chicago,  III. 
7^.   ZeESE   St    CO., 

EI(^etrotyp<^r8. 

RELIEF-LINE    ANE 
PHOTO-ZINC     ENGRAVERS, 

11©  ^vdCoiiroe  Street,  -  -  Oli.ica.g'O^ 

Cats  of  Portraits,  Buildings,  Views,  Machinery,  etc.,  executed  on  short  notice  and  at 
moderate  prices.        4@=-  AVrite  for  Specimens. 

>^l-John  V.  Farwell  &  Co.,-1^ 


^v7;moxjES-^XjE 


^=i5^^=|}=^ 


'mt 


&^§ 


lfe>  ^=»S^  ^S^ 


^^/S 


ilall^Ja^ 


NOTIONS,    WOOLENS, 


lARPETS 


•^lUPHOL-STERY,!^ 

Monroe  and  Market  Streets, 


THE  OALIGRAPH. 


IT  STANDS  AT  THE  HEAD. 


One  touch  of  the  finger  should  pro  nee 
any  character  used  by  the  operator  of  a 
Writing  Machine;  instruments  that  fail  to 
accomplish  this  are  deficient,  and  do  not 
fnlly  meet  the  necessity  that  brought  them 
forth.    These  facts  are  self-evident. 

The  No.  2  "C.\ligraph"'  is  the  only  writ 
ing  machine  that  fully  economizes  time 
and  labor,  and  economy  of  time  and  labor 
is  the  best  reason  we  know  for  soliciting 
trade.  20,000  "Caligraphs"  are  in  daily  use. 

We  publish  400  letters  from_  prominent 
men  and  firms  which  are  convincing. 

For  Specimens,  Etc.,  Address, 

S.  H.  VOWELL  Sl  CO., 
179  Lai^alle  Street,  Chicago,  111 


C.  H.  HANSON, 


The  "Domestic" 

Sewing  Machine 

Is  Noted  for  Its 

SIMPLICITY, 

RELIABILITY, 
PRACTICABILITY, 

DURABILITY. 

IT   ASKS  ONLY  FOR  WHAT  IT 
MERITS. 

"DOMESTIC" 

SEWING   MACHINE  CO., 

180  STATE  STREET, 

CHICAGO. 

J.  C.  aOEBEL, 

Manufacturer  of 


Manufacturer  of 

Badges,  Seals,  Medals,  Stamps, 

Baggage   Checks,  Etr. 
3»  Clark  Street.    -    Chieago,  111. 


203  and   205    MADISON  ST. 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Military,   Police,   Firemen's  and  Society 

Caps  of  all  descriptions  made  to 

Order  at  Short   Notice. 

Patrolmen's  Caps  Supplied  to  Chicago 
Police  last  winter  proved  satisfactory 


L  t 


mm 


14  DAY  USE 

I^^^I^IHI^  RFTURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WfflCH  BORROWED 

^1^^M&  LOAN  DEPT. 


This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below, 
or  on  the  date  to  which  renewed.  Renewals  only: 

Tel.  No.  642-3405 
Renewals  may  be  made  4  days  i>rior  to  date  due. 
Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


eubjeO  to  recati  after  -    OCT  1  8  r2  ^  » 


-EEC 


OLD   OCT  16  72-3  PW  1  2 


,      Pue  end  of  gPRiKp  Q,;.-r  .,pl,. 

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LD21A-40 ._ 

(Qll788l0)476-A-32 


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iJi'j^L      v   i       I  J'  teeneral  Libra 
atbIa  qo  University  of  Cali 


Library 
f  California 
Berkeley 


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